I
E
S
IA
ER
MA
R
O
PHYSICS & CHEMISTRY DEPT.
NO B A Q U
EXERCISES
José A. Navarro Ramón
Contents
3
1 Measurement and units
5
2 Aggregation states of matter
11
3 Material systems
15
4 Atoms
19
1. Measurement and units
5
IES “MARIANO BAQUERO GOYANES”
Academic Year 2012-13
rd
Physics & Chemistry exercises, 3
Physics & Chemistry Dept.
ESO
Chapter 1.- Measurement and units I.
Sheet 1-1
1.- Write down five physical quantities and three non-physical ones.
2.- Write down the name and symbol of the SI unit for the next quantities. Say if they are base
or derived:
a) Area.
b) Weight.
c) Temperature.
d) Energy.
e) Mass.
f ) Velocity.
3.- Write down the name and symbol of the SI unit for the next quantities. Say if they are base
or derived:
a) Pressure.
b) Electric charge.
c) Electric current.
d) Substance amount.
e) Volume.
f ) Density.
4.- Suppose you want to measure the height of a computer screen. Could you use your hand? Is
it an appropiate unit? Why?
5.- Write down the name of the quantity measured with the following instruments. Say if they are
base or derived quantities:
a) A set of scales.
b) A tape measure.
c) A stopwatch.
d) A speedometer.
6.- Write down the name and symbol of the SI unit for the next quantities. Say if they are a base
or a derived one:
a) Time.
b) Luminous intensity.
c) Force.
d) Power.
e) Heat.
f ) Length.
7.- Round the following numbers to the nearest hundredth:
a) 0.0145
b) 123.3029
c) 1, 045.79281
8.- Write the following numbers in scientific notation:
a) 0.0145
b) 123.3029
c) 12.3 · 103
d) 1, 045.79281
e) 1
f ) 1.2 · 10−2
Solutions:
Sheet 1-1
1.- Examples of physical quantities: Electric charge, density, energy, substance amount and power.
Examples of non-physical quantities: Intelligence, a table and a ruler.
2.- a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Area: square metre (m2 ), derived.
Force: Newton (N ), derived.
Temperature: Kelvin (K), base.
Energy: Joule (J), derived.
Mass: kilogramme (kg), base.
Velocity: metres per second (m/s), derived.
3.- a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Pressure: Pascal (P a), derived.
Electric charge: Coulomb (C), derived.
Electric current: Ampere (A), base.
Substance amount: Mole (mol), base.
Volume: cubic metre (m3 ), derived.
Density: kilogrammes per cubic metre (kg/m3 ), derived.
4.- Yes I could. No, it is not a good unit. Because the length of a hand varies from person to person
and it may change if we grow up.
5.- a)
b)
c)
d)
Set of scales: Mass. Base quantity.
Tape measure: Length. Base quantity.
Stop watch: Time. Base quantity.
Speedometer: Velocity. Derived quantity.
6.- a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Time: second (s), base.
Luminous intensity: candela (cd), base.
Force: Newton (N ), derived.
Power: Watt (W ), derived.
Heat: Joule (J), derived.
Length: metre (m), base.
7.- a) 0.01
b) 123.30
c) 1, 045.80
8.- a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
1.45 · 10−2
1.233029 · 102
1.23 · 104
1.04579281 · 103
1 · 100
1.2 · 10−2
IES “MARIANO BAQUERO GOYANES”
Academic Year 2012-13
rd
Physics & Chemistry exercises, 3
Physics & Chemistry Dept.
ESO
Chapter 1.- Measurement and units II.
1.- How many significant digits do these numbers have?
a) 4
b) 1.3
c) 0.1000
d) 3.39
e) 109
f ) 100
g) 100.0
h) 2.99 · 10−12
2.- Convert the following values into SI units using conversion factors:
a) 5 ms
b) 2 hA
c) 1 250 nm
d) 0.0032 µmol
e) 1.55 · 10−5 M g
f ) 10 000 mm2
g) 0.0005 km2
h) 3.45 · 103 cm3
3.- Convert the following values into SI units using conversion factors:
a) 0.002 cm2
b) 0.24 µg
c) 72 km/h
d) 80 g/m2
e) 1, 25 · 10−3 M m
f ) 12 mA
g) 3 400 mmol
h) 25 min
4.- Convert the following values using conversion factors:
a) 9 hcd −→ kcd
b) 0.00394 mA −→ µA
c) 0.0040 kmol −→ mmol
d) 3 · 108 mL −→ daL
e) 5 · 10−20 T m3 −→ µm3
f ) 1 mL −→ mm3
g) 2.5 · 1012 pm −→ in
h) 19 cL −→ mm3
i) 0.0003 km3 −→ kL
j) 80 km/h −→ yd/min
k) 90 g/m2 −→ mg/dm2
l) 1 000 kg/m3 −→ g/L
m) 0.8 g/mL −→ kg/m3
DATA: 1 in = 2.54 cm; 1 yd = 0, 9144 m.
Sheet 1-2
Solutions:
Sheet 1-2
1.- a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
1
2
4
3
3
1
4
3
2.- a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
5 · 10−3 s
200 A
1.25 · 10−6 m
3.2 · 10−9 mol
0.0155 m
0.01 m2
500 m2
3, 45 · 10−3 m3
3.- a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
2 · 10−7 m2
2.4 · 10−10 kg
20 m/s
0.08 kg/m2
1 250 m
0.012 A
3.4 mol
1 500 s
4.- a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
l)
m)
0.9 cd
3.94 µA
4 000 mmol
30 000 daL
5 · 1034 µm3
103 mm3
98.43 in
1.9 · 105 mm3
3 · 105 kL
1 456.15 yd/min
900 mg/dm2
1 000 g/L
800 kg/m3
2. Aggregation states of matter
11
IES “MARIANO BAQUERO GOYANES”
Academic Year 2012-13
rd
Physics & Chemistry exercises, 3
Physics & Chemistry Dept.
ESO
Chapter 2.- Density.
Sheet 2-1
1.- What is the density of a sample if its mass is 44.3 g and its volume is 22.1 cm3 in g/mL and
mg/cL?
2.- Express the density of 0.840 g/mL in dag/daL.
3.- Express the density of 1 400 g/dam3 in mg/mL.
4.- What is the density of a piece of wood that has a mass of 25.0 grams and a volume of 29.4 cm3
Express the result in:
a) g/cm3
b) g/mL
c) kg/m3
5.- A piece of wood that measures 3.0 cm by 6.0 cm by 4.0 cm has a mass of 80.0 g. What is the
density of the wood? Would the piece of wood float in water?
Info: density of water: 1.0 g/cm3 .
6.- I threw a plastic ball in the pool for my dog to fetch. The mass of the ball was 125 g. What
must the volume be to have a density of 0.50 g/mL? I want the ball to float, of course!
7.- Calculate the mass of a liquid with a density of 3.2 g/mL and a volume of 25 mL.
8.- Calculate the density in SI units of a 500 g rectangular block with the following dimensions:
length = 8 cm, width = 6 cm and height = 5 cm.
9.- Work out the mass of a solid metal sphere with a density of 4 600 kg/m3 and a diameter of
20 cm.
10.- An irregular object with a mass of 18 kg displaces 2.5 L of water when placed into a large
overflow container. Calculate the density of the object.
11.- An irregular object with a mass of 18 kg displaces 2.5 L of water when placed into a large
overflow container. Calculate the density of the object in g/mL and in SI units.
12.- Calculate the volume of a cylinder of 200 mm height and 0.4 dam of radius. Express the result
in cm3 , dm3 and dL.
13.- A measuring cylinder has a mass of 80 g when empty. When 20 mL of water is added, the
measuring cylinder has a mass of 100 g. If a stone is added to the cylinder, the water level
rises to 45 mL and the total mass is now 156 g. What is the density of the stone in g/mL?
14.- A cup of gold colored metal beads was measured to have a mass of 425 g. By water displacement, the volume of the beads was calculated to be 48.0 cm3 . Given the following densities,
identify the metal: Gold: 19.3 g/mL; copper: 8.86 g/mL; bronze: 9.87 g/mL.
15.- The density of aluminium is 2.70 g/mL. If the mass of a piece of aluminium is 244 g, what is
the volume of the piece? Express the result in:
a) mL
b) dm3
c) µm3
16.- Express the density of lead (11, 40 g/mL) in SI units.
17.- What is the mass of a cylinder of lead that is 2.50 cm in diameter and 5.50 cm long. The
density of lead is 11, 40 g/cm3 .
Solutions:
Sheet 2-1
1.- 2 g/mL; 2 · 104 mg/cL
2.- 840 dag/daL
3.- 1.4 × 10−3 mg/mL
4.- a) 0.85 g/cm3
b) 0.85 g/mL
c) 850 kg/m3
5.- 1, 11 g/cm3 . It wouldn’t float in water because it is more dense than water.
6.- 250 mL
7.- 80 g
8.- 2 080 kg/m3
9.- 19.27 kg
10.- 7.2 kg/L
11.- 7.2 g/mL; 7 200 kg/m3
12.- 1.00537 × 107 cm3 ; 10 053 dm3 ; 100 530 dL
13.- 2.24 g/mL
14.- Copper.
15.- 90.37 mL; 0.09037 dm3 ; 9.037 × 1013 µm3
16.- 11 400 kg/m3
17.- 307, 8 g
3. Material systems
15
IES “MARIANO BAQUERO GOYANES”
Academic Year 2012-13
rd
Physics & Chemistry exercises, 3
Physics & Chemistry Dept.
ESO
Chapter 3.- Material Systems.
Sheet 3-1
1.- If a 4 000 g solution of salt contains 40 g of salt, what is its mass percent?
2.- 5.0 g of sugar are dissolved in 150 g of water. What is the mass percent of sugar in the solution?
3.- How many grams of sodium bromide, NaBr, are needed to make 50 g of a 5.0 % solution?
4.- How many grams of lithium hydroxide are needed to make 25 g of a 4.0 % solution?
5.- What mass of sodium fluoride, NaF, must be mixed with 25 mL of water to create a 3.5 %
solution? The density of water is 1 g/mL.
6.- We dissolve 90 dg of sugar in 0.3 dm3 of water.
a) Calculate the sugar percent by mass.
b) How many grams of sugar per litre are there?
Density of water: 0.98 g/mL.
7.- A 4 g sugar cube is dissolved in a 350 mL teacup of 80◦ C water. What is the percent by mass
of the sugar solution? Given: Density of water at 80◦ C is 0.975 g/mL.
8.- Find the concentration in g/L for each of the following solutions:
a) 20 g of sodium chloride, NaCl, dissolved in 500 L of solution.
b) 2.8 g of sodium bromide in a 200 mL solution.
c) 200 mg of potassium chloride, KCl, dissolved in a 75 mL solution.
9.- How many grams of chlorine, Cl2 , are needed to make 250 mL of a 4.5 g/L solution?
10.- How many grams of hydrochloric acid, HCl, are needed to make 500 mL of a 2 g/L solution?
11.- Calculate the volume percent ethanol in a solution made by mixing 40.0 mL of ethanol with
75.0 mL of water. Calculate the percent by mass of ethanol if the density of water is 1 g/mL
and the density of ethanol is 0.79 g/mL.
12.- If the percent by volume is 2.0 % and the volume of solution is 0.25 L what is the volume of
solute in the solution?
13.- Use the data provided to express the concentration of a solution in the desired unit:
a) 15.0 g of gold in a 2.5 dag copper and gold alloy (percent by mass).
b) 15.00 cm3 of acetic acid mixed with enough water to make 300.0 mL of vinegar (percent
by volume).
c) 2.50 g of potassium chloride is dissolved in enough water to make a 125 cm3 solution (grams
per liter).
Solutions:
Sheet 3-1
1.- 1.0 %
2.- 3.2 %
3.- 2.5 g
4.- 1.0 g
5.- 0.91 g
6.- a) 2.97 %
b) Approximately 30 g/L.
7.- The percent by mass of the sugar solution is 1.16 %.
8.- a) 0.04 g/L
b) 14 g/L
c) 1 g/L
9.- 1.1 g
10.- 1.0 g
11.- 34.78 % by volume; 29, 64 % by mass.
12.- 5 mL of solute.
13.- a) 0.60 % by mass.
b) 5.0 % by volume.
c) 20 g/L
4. Atoms
19
IES “MARIANO BAQUERO GOYANES”
Academic Year 2012-13
rd
Physics & Chemistry exercises, 3
Physics & Chemistry Dept.
ESO
Chapter 4.- Chemical nomenclature I.
Sheet 4-1
1.- Name the following chemicals:
a) Cl2
b) O2
c) Li
d) Al
e) C
f ) As
g) O3
h) Br2
i) Ar
j) Ca
2.- Write the formula of the following chemicals:
a) sodium
b) aluminium
c) helium
d) copper
e) nitrogen
f ) fluorine
g) lead
h) silver
i) tin
j) iodine
3.- Name the following chemicals:
a) AuCl3
b) SiO2
c) NO
d) Cl2 O3
e) PbO
f ) PbO2
g) Al2 S3
h) SnO2
i) Ca2 C
j) GaAs
4.- Write the formula of the following chemicals:
a) sodium chloride
b) calcium selenide
c) potassium oxide
d) dilithium oxide
e) strontium sulphide
f ) carbon monoxide
g) lead dibromide
h) magnesium dihydride
i) caesium nitride
j) beryllium phosphide
5.- Name the following chemicals:
a) RbCl
b) Fe2 O3
c) Au2 O
d) Au2 O3
e) FeO
f ) CaS
g) KI
h) As2 O3
i) HI
j) N2 O5
6.- Write the formula of the following chemicals:
a) yodo
b) hidrógeno
c) hierro
d) estaño
e) neón
f ) nitrógeno
g) bromo
h) ozono
i) litio
j) kriptón
7.- Write the formula of these chemicals:
a) ácido clorhídrico
b) yoduro de hidrógeno
c) amoníaco
d) fosfina
e) ácido selenhídrico
f ) arsina
g) sulfuro de hidrógeno
h) fluoruro de hidrógeno
i) ácido sulfhídrico
j) ácido fluorhídrico
8.- Name these chemicals:
a) H2 S
b) HBr
c) NH3
d) PH3
e) AsH3
f ) H2 Se
g) H2 Te
h) HCl
i) CO
j) BH3
Solutions:
1.- a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
Sheet 4-1
cloro / dicloro / chlorine / dichlorine
oxígeno /dioxígeno / oxygen / dioxygen
litio /lithium
aluminio /aluminium
carbono / carbon
arsénico /arsenic
ozono / ozone
bromo / dibromo / bromine / dibromine
argón / argon
calcio / calcium
2.- a) Na; b) Al; c) He; d) Cu; e) N2 ; f) F2 ; g) Pb; h) Ag; i) Sn; j) I2
3.- a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
tricloruro de oro / cloruro de oro(III) / glod trichloride / gold(III) chloride
dióxido de silicio / óxido de silicio / silicon dioxide / silicon oxide
monóxido de nitrógeno / óxido de nitrógeno(II) / nitrogen monoxide / nitrogen(II) oxide
trióxido de dicloro / óxido de cloro(III) / dichlorine trioxide / chlorine(III) oxide
monóxido de plomo / óxido de plomo(II) / lead monoxide / lead(II) oxide
dióxido de plomo / óxido de plomo(IV) / lead dioxide / lead(IV) oxide
trisulfuro de dialuminio / sulfuro de aluminio / dialuminium trisulphide / aluminium sulphide
dióxido de estaño / óxido de estaño(IV) / tin dioxide / tin(IV) oxide
carburo de dicalcio / carburo de calcio / dicalcium carbide / calcium carbide
monoarseniuro de galio / arseniuro de galio / gallium monoarsenide / gallium arsenide
4.- a) NaCl; b) CaSe; c) K2 O; d) Li2 O; e) SrS; f) CO; g) PbBr2 ; h) MgH2 ; i) Cs3 N; j) Be3 P2
5.- a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
monocloruro de rubidio / cloruro de rubidio / rubidium monochloride / rubidium chloride
trióxido de dihierro / óxido de hierro(III) / diiron trioxide / iron(III) oxide
óxido de dioro / óxido de oro(I) / digold oxide / gold(I) oxide
trióxido de dioro / óxido de oro(III) / digold trioxide / gold(III) oxide
monóxido de hierro / óxido de hierro(II) / iron monoxide / iron(II) oxide
monosulfuro de calcio / sulfuro de calcio / calcium monosulphide / calcium sulphide
monoyoduro de potasio / yoduro de potasio / potassium monoiodide / potassium iodide
trióxido de diarsénico / óxido de arsénico(III) / diarsenic trioxide / arsenic(III) oxide
yoduro de hidrógeno / ácido yodhídrico / hydrogen monoiodide / hydroiodic acid
pentaóxido de dinitrógeno / óxido de nitrógeno(V) / dinitrogen pentaoxide / nitrogen(V) oxide
6.- a) I2 ; b) H2 ; c) Fe; d) Sn; e) Ne; f) N2 ; g) Br2 ; h) O3 ; i) Li; j) Kr
7.- a) HCl; b) HI; c) NH3 ; d) PH3 ; e) H2 Se; f) AsH3 ; g) H2 S; h) HF; i) H2 S; j) HF
8.- a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
sulfuro de hidrógeno / ácido sulfhídrico / hydrogen sulphide / hydrosulphuric acid
bromuro de hidrógeno / ácido bromhídrico hydrogen bromide / hydrobromic acid
amoníaco / azano / ammonia / azane
fosfina / fosfano / phosphine / phosphane
arsina / arsano / arsine / arsane
seleniuro de hidrógeno / ácido selenhídrico / hydrogen selenide / hydroselenic acid
telururo de hidrógeno / ácido telurhídrico / hydrogen teluride / hydroteluric acid
monóxido de carbono / óxido de carbono(II) / carbon monoxide / carbon(II) oxide
borano / borane
IES “MARIANO BAQUERO GOYANES”
Academic Year 2012-13
rd
Physics & Chemistry exercises, 3
Physics & Chemistry Dept.
ESO
Chapter 4.- Chemical nomenclature II.
Sheet 4-2
1.- Name the following chemicals:
a) HCl
b) I2
c) SiO2
d) FeO
e) He
f ) KBr
g) AlI3
h) B2 O3
i) H2 S
j) H2
2.- Write the formula of the following chemicals:
a) hydrochloric acid
b) ammonia
c) tin(II) sulphide
d) chlorine
e) beryllium chloride
f ) mercury
g) phosphine
h) hydrosulphuric acid
i) gallium arsenide
j) led(IV) oxide
3.- Name the following chemicals:
a) SnO
b) SnO2
c) Br2 O5
d) I2
e) KI
f ) Fe2 O3
g) HI
h) C
i) SiO2
j) LiH
4.- Write the formula of the following chemicals:
a) magnesium difluoride
b) calcium carbide
c) gold(III) boride
d) iron(II) hydride
e) arsine
f ) mercury monoxide
g) sodium monoiodide
h) strontium bromide
i) hydrogen
j) silver selenide
5.- Name the following chemicals:
a) O2
b) Ni2 O3
c) N2 O3
d) NH3
e) OF2
f ) CCl4
g) SF6
h) Mg
i) MgF2
j) Na2 S
6.- Formula las siguientes sustancias:
a) ácido clorhídrico
b) amoníaco
c) sulfuro de níquel(II)
d) hidruro de talio(III)
e) carburo de magnesio
f ) dióxido de nitrógeno
g) trióxido de diboro
h) arsina
i) ácido sulfhídrico
j) flúor
7.- Name the following chemicals:
a) Na2 Se
b) CO
c) CO2
d) Al2 S3
e) ZnTe
f ) HF
g) O3
h) BaCl2
i) H2
j) Cd
8.- Formula las siguientes sustancias:
a) ácido yodhídrico
b) yoduro de hidrógeno
c) estibina
d) sulfuro de potasio
e) talio
f ) óxido de calcio
g) mononitruro de boro
h) siliciuro de cobre(II)
i) yodo
j) litio
Solutions:
1.- a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
Sheet 4-2
cloruro de hidrógeno / ácido clorhídrico / hydrogen chloride / hydrochloric acid
yodo / diyodo / iodine / diiodine
dióxido de silicio / óxido de silicio / silicon dioxide / silicon oxide
monóxido de hierro / óxido de hierro(II) / iron monoxide / iron(II) oxide
helio / helium
monobromuro de potasio / bromuro de potasio / potassium monobromide / potassium bromide
triyoduro de aluminio / yoduro de aluminio / aluminium triiodide / aluminium iodide
trióxido de diboro / óxido de boro / diboron trioxide / boron oxide
sulfuro de hidrógeno / ácido sulfhídrico hydrogen sulphide / hydrosulphuric acid
hidrógeno / dihidrógeno / hydrogen / dihydrogen
2.- a) HCl; b) NH3 ; c) SnS; d) Cl2 ; e) BeCl2 ; f) Hg; g) PH3 ; h) H2 S; i) GaAs; j) PbO2
3.- a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
monóxido de estaño / óxido de estaño(II) / tin monoxide / tin(II) oxide
dióxido de estaño / óxido de estaño(IV) / tin dioxide / tin(IV) oxide
pentaóxido de dibromo / óxido de bromo(V) / dibromine pentaoxide / bromine(V) oxide
yodo / diyodo iodine / diiodine
monoyoduro de potasio / yoduro de potasio / potassium monoiodide / potassium iodide
trióxido de dihierro / óxido de hierro(III) / diiron trioxide / iron(III) oxide
yoduro de hidrógeno / ácido yodhídrico hydrogen iodide / hydroiodic acid
carbono / carbon
dióxido de silicio / óxido de silicio / silicon dioxide / silicon oxide
monohidruro de litio / hidruro de litio / lithium monhydride / lithium hydride
4.- a) MgF2 ; b) CaC2 ; c) AuB; d) FeH2 ; e) AsH3 ; f) HgO; g) NaI; h) SrBr2 ; i) H2 ; j) Ag2 Se
5.- a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
oxígeno / dioxígeno / oxygen / dioxygen
trióxido de diníquel / óxido de níquel(III) /dinickel trioxide / nickel(III) oxide
trióxido de dinitrógeno / óxido de nitrógeno(III) dinitrogen trioxide / nitrogen(III) oxide
amoníaco / trihidruro de nitrógeno / ammonia / nitrogen trihydride
difluoruro de oxígeno / fluoruro de oxígeno / oxygen difluoride / oxygen fluoride
tetracloruro de carbono carbon tetrachloride
hexafluoruro de azufre / fluoruro de azufre(VI) sulphur hexafluoride / sulphur(VI) fluoride
magnesio / magnesium
difluoruro de magnesio / fluoruro de magnesio magnesium difluoride / magnesium fluoride
sulfuro de disodio / sulfuro de sodio disodium sulphide / sodium sulphide
6.- a) HCl; b) NH3 ; c) NiS; d) TlH3 ; e) Mg2 C; f) NO2 ; g) B2 O3 ; h) AsH3 ; i) H2 S; j) F2
7.- a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
seleniuro de disodio / seleniuro de sodio disodium selenide / sodium selenide
monóxido de carbono / óxido de carbono(II) carbon monoxide / carbon(II) oxide
dióxido de carbono / óxido de carbono(IV) carbon dioxide / carbon(IV) oxide
trisulfuro de dialuminio / sulfuro de aluminio dialuminium trisulphide / aluminium sulphide
monotelururo de cinc / telururo de cinc zinc monoteluride / zinc teluride
fluoruro de hidrógeno / ácido fluorhídrico hydrogen fluoride / hydrofluoric acid
ozono / trioxígeno ozone / trioxygen
dicloruro de bario / cloruro de bario barium dichloride / barium chloride
hidrógeno / dihidrógeno hydrogen / dihydrogen
cadmio cadmium
8.- a) HI; b) HI; c) SbH3 ; d) K2 S; e) Tl; f) CaO; g) BN; h) Cu2 S; i) I2 ; j) Li