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Module 2 Theories and Principles
Module Two
Ethical Decision Making
Theories and Principles
Module 2 Theories and Principles
Ethical theories provide framework for good moral judgment
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Module 2 Theories and Principles
Understanding modern ethical theories will help you understand the basis for making good ethical decisions
Module 2 Theories and Principles
Duty Based Ethics
Deontological Theory
Consequences Based Ethics
Teleological Theory
Module 2 Theories and Principles
Deontological Theory
• “Deon” meaning duty
• Demonstrates respect for rules
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Module 2 Theories and Principles
Teleological Theory
• “Telos” meaning end or goal
• Focuses on end result
Module 2 Theories and Principles
Deontological or Teleological
• I am very concerned about the outcome of a decision but less inclined to follow the f
ppy
rules if I am not happy with the outcome.
• The rules establish a fair and equitable resolution of any problem. I am comfortable following the rules and I am comfortable with the outcome.
Module 2 Theories and Principles
“The Ends Justifies the Means”
Teleological Approach
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Module 2 Theories and Principles
Follow the Rules to the Outcome
Deontological Approach
Module 2 Theories and Principles
Module 2 Theories and Principles
Deontological + Teleological =
Deonutilityy
or Good Principles and Guidance
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Module 2 Theories and Principles
Module 2 Theories and Principles
All decisions are guided by a set of moral principles:
•
•
•
•
Respect for Autonomy, R
tf A t
Beneficence, Nonmaleficence, Justice.
Module 2 Theories and Principles
Respect for Autonomy ‐ is the right of the client to make their own choices 5
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Module 2 Theories and Principles
Respect for Autonomy
Relies on accurate information Relies
on accurate information
presented to the client so an informed decision can be made
Module 2 Theories and Principles
Module 2 Theories and Principles
Beneficence
Is an obligation to ensure the care Is
an obligation to ensure the care
provided is of benefit
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Module 2 Theories and Principles
Nonmaleficence
Is doing no harm to a client’ss Is doing no harm to a client
overall well being
Module 2 Theories and Principles
Beneficence and Nonmaleficence
Beneficence
and Nonmaleficence
work together
Module 2 Theories and Principles
Justice
Justice maximizes fairness to Justice
maximizes fairness to
ensure resources are available to any and all who require them
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Module 2 Theories and Principles
Two Types of Justice
Distributive
And
Comparative
Module 2 Theories and Principles
Distributive Justice
Allocation of health care resources
Allocation of health care resources at the societal level
Module 2 Theories and Principles
Comparative Justice
Allocation of health services to the individual
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Module 2 Theories and Principles
You work in an understaffed out‐patient physiotherapy facility. The facility is overbooked and has a long waiting list. Only b k d dh
l
i i li O l
one appointment is available within the next two weeks. Module 2 Theories and Principles
You must choose between:
Ms Jones, a 29 year‐old spinal cord injured female who recently injured her shoulder and is having difficulty moving her wheelchair or Mr Smith, a 70 year‐old male who recently had a knee replacement and needs rehabilitation to get him mobile and off a walker. Module 2 Theories and Principles
Ethical Decision Making Rules and Duties • Veracity V
it
• Fidelity • Conflict of Interest
• Confidentiality
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Module 2 Theories and Principles
Veracity
The duty to tell the truth
The duty to tell the truth
Module 2 Theories and Principles
Fidelity
The duty p
• To honour professional commitments
• Establish relationships of trust
• Place the client’s interests ahead of our own
Module 2 Theories and Principles
Conflict of Interest
The duty to declare where the The
duty to declare where the
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Module 2 Theories and Principles
Confidentiality
The duty to maintain client Th
d
i i li
confidentiality Module 2 Theories and Principles
Virtue Theory
C
Care Theory Th
Relational Ethics
Module 2 Theories and Principles
Virtue Theory
Moral Character or Moral Agent that drives good decision making
h di
dd i i
ki
What makes a person good also makes them do the right thing
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Module 2 Theories and Principles
Care Theory and Relational Ethics are
alternate approaches to principle based ethics Module 2 Theories and Principles
Care Theory
Related to justice and follows an
Related to justice and follows an empathetic approach Module 2 Theories and Principles
Relational Ethics
Nurtures relationships with clients
Nurtures relationships with clients 12
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Module 2 Theories and Principles
Central Premise
Having good moral character, a
Having good moral character, a caring approach and nurturing relationship to your client with result in good ethical decisions.
Module 2 Theories and Principles
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Module 2 Theories and Principles
Remember:
Personal approaches influenced by Deontological or Teleological th i
theories or both
b th
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Module 2 Theories and Principles
Remember:
Modern ethical decision making has evolved to consider the principles of Autonomy, i i l
fA t
Beneficence, Nonmaleficence and Justice
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Module 2 Theories and Principles
Remember:
Rules and duties including Veracity, Fidelity, Conflict of Interest and Confidentiality
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Module 2 Theories and Principles
Remember:
Virtue and Care theories and Relational ethics impact
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Module 2 Theories and Principles
Understanding theories a d p c p es o et cs
and principles of ethics will lead to good decision making.
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