Nutrition & Wellness for Life © 2012
Chapter 8: Vitamins: Drivers of Cell Processes
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Nutrition & Wellness for Life © 2012
Chapter 8: Vitamins: Drivers of Cell Processes
A substance that reacts with free
radicals (unstable single oxygen
molecules) to protect other
substances from harmful effects of
the free radicals.
- FOLD -
antioxidant
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Chapter 8: Vitamins: Drivers of Cell Processes
The thiamin deficiency disease, which
is characterized by weakness, loss
of appetite, irritability, poor arm
and leg coordination, and a tingling
throughout the body.
- FOLD -
beriberi
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Chapter 8: Vitamins: Drivers of Cell Processes
The blood clotting process that stops
bleeding.
- FOLD -
coagulation
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Chapter 8: Vitamins: Drivers of Cell Processes
A nonprotein compound (usually
a vitamin) that combines with an
inactive enzyme to form an active
enzyme system.
- FOLD -
coenzyme
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Chapter 8: Vitamins: Drivers of Cell Processes
A protein substance in the connective
tissue that holds cells together.
- FOLD -
collagen
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Chapter 8: Vitamins: Drivers of Cell Processes
A food that has had vitamins and
minerals added back that were lost in
the refining process.
- FOLD -
enriched food
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Chapter 8: Vitamins: Drivers of Cell Processes
The surface cells that line the outside
of the body, cover the eyes, and line
the passages of the lungs, intestines,
and reproductive tract.
- FOLD -
epithelial cells
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Chapter 8: Vitamins: Drivers of Cell Processes
A vitamin E deficiency condition that
is sometimes seen in premature
babies and is characterized by broken
red blood cells, resulting in weakness
and listlessness.
- FOLD -
erythrocyte hemolysis
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Chapter 8: Vitamins: Drivers of Cell Processes
A vitamin, specifically vitamin A, D, E,
or K, that dissolves in fats.
- FOLD -
fat-soluble vitamin
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Chapter 8: Vitamins: Drivers of Cell Processes
A food that has one or more nutrients
added during processing.
- FOLD -
fortified food
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Chapter 8: Vitamins: Drivers of Cell Processes
A highly reactive, unstable single
oxygen molecule, which can generate
a harmful chain reaction that can
damage tissue.
- FOLD -
free radical
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Chapter 8: Vitamins: Drivers of Cell Processes
A condition in which the cells in
the eyes adjust slowly to dim light,
causing night vision to become poor.
- FOLD -
night blindness
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Chapter 8: Vitamins: Drivers of Cell Processes
A vitamin D deficiency disease in
adults that causes the bones to
become misshapen.
- FOLD -
osteomalacia
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Chapter 8: Vitamins: Drivers of Cell Processes
The niacin deficiency disease, which
is characterized by diarrhea and
dermatitis and can lead to dementia
and death.
- FOLD -
pellagra
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Chapter 8: Vitamins: Drivers of Cell Processes
A deficiency disease caused by
an inability to absorb vitamin B12,
which is characterized by fatigue;
weakness; a red, painful tongue; and
a tingling or burning in the skin.
- FOLD -
pernicious anemia
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Chapter 8: Vitamins: Drivers of Cell Processes
Health-enhancing nonnutrient
compounds in plant foods that are
active in the body at the cellular level.
- FOLD -
phytochemicals
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Chapter 8: Vitamins: Drivers of Cell Processes
A change in a person’s condition that
is not a result of treatment given,
but of the individual’s belief that the
treatment is working.
- FOLD -
placebo effect
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Chapter 8: Vitamins: Drivers of Cell Processes
The nondigestible food ingredients
that stimulate the growth of good
microorganisms in the colon.
- FOLD -
prebiotics
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Chapter 8: Vitamins: Drivers of Cell Processes
The “good” microorganisms found
in foods that help to counterbalance
the “bad” microorganisms in your
intestinal tract.
- FOLD -
probiotics
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Chapter 8: Vitamins: Drivers of Cell Processes
A compound the body can convert to
the active form of a vitamin.
- FOLD -
provitamin
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Chapter 8: Vitamins: Drivers of Cell Processes
A deficiency disease in children
caused by a lack of vitamin D and
characterized by soft, misshapen
bones.
- FOLD -
rickets
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Chapter 8: Vitamins: Drivers of Cell Processes
The vitamin C deficiency disease,
characterized by tiredness, weakness,
shortness of breath, aching bones
and muscles, swollen and bleeding
gums, lack of appetite, slow healing of
wounds, and tiny bruises on the skin.
- FOLD -
scurvy
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Chapter 8: Vitamins: Drivers of Cell Processes
A poisonous condition.
- FOLD -
toxicity
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Chapter 8: Vitamins: Drivers of Cell Processes
An organic compound needed in tiny
amounts as a nutrient to regulate
body processes.
- FOLD -
vitamin
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Chapter 8: Vitamins: Drivers of Cell Processes
A vitamin, specifically vitamin C or
one of the B-complex vitamins, that
dissolves in water.
- FOLD -
water-soluble vitamin
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Chapter 8: Vitamins: Drivers of Cell Processes
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Nutrition & Wellness for Life © 2012
Chapter 8: Vitamins: Drivers of Cell Processes
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Nutrition & Wellness for Life © 2012
Chapter 8: Vitamins: Drivers of Cell Processes