Spring Semester Final Study Guide
Persuasive Writing:
+Pathos, Ethos, Logos—Definitions and example arguments.
+Fallacies—Definitions and example arguments.
Transcendentalism:
+The Five Transcendentalist Beliefs/Values and what they mean.
+Ralph Emerson—what he wrote.
+Henry David Thoreau—who he was and what he wrote.
+Martin Luther King Jr.—how he connects to the Transcendentalists.
+Letter from Birmingham Jail—how quotes connect to Transcendentalists.
+Walt Whitman—what he wrote and how it connects to Transcendentalists.
Quotes to Understand:
MLK Jr.:
“Shallow understanding from people of good will is more frustrating than absolute misunderstanding from people of ill will.”
“We know through painful experience that freedom is never voluntarily given by the oppressor; it must be demanded by the oppressed.”
“Individuals may see the moral light and give up their unjust posture; but as Reinhold Niebuhr has reminded us, groups are more immoral than individuals.”
“I came to Birmingham with the hope that the white religious leadership in the community would see the justice of our cause.”
Thoreau:
“I say, let your affairs be as two or three, and not a hundred or a thousand; instead of a million count half a dozen, and keep your accounts on your thumbnail.”
Whitman:
“The wild gander leads his flock through the cool night,
Ya-honk he says, and sounds it down to me like an invitation,
The pert may suppose it meaningless, but I listening close,
Find its purpose and place up there toward the wintry sky.”
“I CELEBRATE myself, and sing myself,
And what I assume you shall assume,
For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.
I loafe and invite my soul,
I lean and loafe at my ease observing a spear of summer grass.”
Immigration Literature:
+Olaudah Equiano—what he wrote+experienced. (The main points of his writing.)

+Zitkala-Sa—what she wrote+experienced. (The main points of her writing.)
+ Anzia Yezierska—what she wrote+experienced. (The main points of her writing.)
+Upton Sinclair—what he wrote and what it was about.
Quotes to Understand:
Pietro Di Donato:
Trowel rang through brick and slashed mortar rivets were machine-gunned fast with angry grind
Patsy number one check Patsy number two check the Lean three check Vincenzo four steel bellowed back at hammer donkey engines coughed purple Ashes Pietro fifteen chisel point intoned stone thin steel whirred and wailed through wood liquid stone flowed with dull rasp through iron veins and hoist screamed through space Carmine the Fat twenty-four and Giacomo
Sangini check....The multitudinous voices of a civilization rose from the surroundings and melded with the efforts of the Job.
Research Process:
+Understand steps involved in the research process
+Qualities of good questions & Key Words, Concepts, Synonyms, Related terms
+Finding Sources
+CAARDSS
+Boolean & Search Strategies
+Ethical Use/Paraphrase/Citation
The Great Gatsby:
+Fitzgerald’s life
+Valley of Ashes as a symbol
+East Egg vs. West Egg
+Chapter Two character traits
+Daisy and Gatsby’s past
+Main events of Chapter 5
+Chronology of James Gatz/Jay Gatsby’s life.
+Themes and Values of The Great Gatsby
Quotes to Understand:
“So we beat on, boats against the current borne back ceaselessly into the past”( Fitzgerald
189).
“I became aware of the old island here that flowered once for Dutch sailor’s eyes—a fresh, green breast of the new world. Its vanished trees, the trees that had made way for
Gatsby’s house, has once pandered in whispers to the last and greatest of all human dreams; for a transitory enchanted moment man must have held his breath in the presence of this continent, compelled into an aesthetic contemplation he neither understood nor desired, face to face for the last time in history with something commensurate to his capacity for wonder…Gatsby believed in the green light, the orgastic future that year by

year receds before us. It eluded us then, but that’s no matter—tomorrow we will run faster, stretch out our arms farther”(Fitzgerald 189).
Commas:
+Correcting common comma errors.
Semicolons:
+Why they are used.
+Correcting common semicolon errors.
Parallel Structure:
+Identify and correct for parallel structure.
Active and Passive Voice:
+Identify passive and active voice.
Vocabulary:
1-60