Name____________________________________________________________Period______
Mrs. Laux
Biological Membranes and Cell Communication
AP Biology
Take home test #4 on Chaps. 5 and 6
DUE: WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 26, 2011
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. All of the following are functions of the cell membrane EXCEPT:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
transmitting signals.
participating in energy transfer.
being freely permeable to all substances.
regulating the passage of materials.
participating in chemical reactions.
2. Which of the following statements concerning phospholipids is FALSE?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
They have two distinct regions, one strongly hydrophobic and the other strongly
hydrophilic.
They are amphipathic molecules.
They have cylindrical shapes that allow them to associate with water most easily
as a bilayer structure.
They contain a polar organic group attached to a phosphate group.
They contain three fatty acids chains.
3. In a lipid bilayer, ___________ fatty acid tails face each other within the bilayer and form
a region that excludes water.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
hypertonic
hyperosmotic
hypotonic
hydrophilic
hydrophobic
4. A key discovery that weakened the Davson-Danielli “sandwich” model of cell
membranes was that:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
membrane proteins form a solid sheet on either side of the phospholipid bilayer.
membrane proteins form a solid sheet separating the phospholipid layer.
the phospholipids do not associate with each other in the hydrophobic region of
membranes.
membrane proteins were not uniform and did not form flattened sheets.
membrane proteins occurred in regular organized patterns on the surface of
membranes.
5. Who proposed the fluid mosaic model of cell membrane structure in 1972?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Davson and Singer
Frye and Edidin
Brown and Goldstein
Singer and Nicholson
Davson and Danielli
6. What is meant by the term “fluid mosaic model”?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
It
It
It
It
It
is
is
is
is
is
the
the
the
the
the
diffusion of lipid-soluble substances through the lipid bilayer.
movement of lipids and integral proteins within the lipid bilayer.
solubility of water in the membrane.
method of substance transport across the membrane.
movement of surface proteins through the membrane.
5-1
Name____________________________________________________________Period______
Mrs. Laux
Biological Membranes and Cell Communication
AP Biology
Take home test #4 on Chaps. 5 and 6
DUE: WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 26, 2011
7. In the experiment in which Frye and Edidin fused the plasma membranes of a mouse
and a human cell, what happened to the membrane proteins?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
They
They
They
They
They
formed a spherical structure.
formed a bilayer.
moved laterally across the cell surface.
flip-flopped from one layer to the other.
reacted with cholesterol molecules on the membrane surface.
8. Vegetable oil is different from animal fat in that the phospholipids in vegetable oil have
fatty acid tails that:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
solidify at room temperature.
lack double bonds.
are saturated.
interact via van der Waals forces.
bend.
9. Cholesterol within membranes functions as a(n) ____________ through its interactions
with both hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts of phospholipids.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
water blocker
pH buffer
energy source
temperature controller
fluidity buffer
10. Integral proteins:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
are weakly bound to the surface of the membrane.
are strongly bound to the cytosolic surface of the membrane.
have no hydrophobic portions.
are completely embedded within the lipid bilayer.
are amphipathic.
11. A transmembrane protein differs from other membrane proteins because it:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
is covalently linked to the outer surface of the plasma membrane.
is a glycoprotein with carbohydrates attached.
is attached to the inside of the membrane by an ionic bond.
completely extends through the membrane.
is completely embedded within the membrane.
12. Peripheral proteins are linked to either surface of the plasma membrane by:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
covalent disulfide bonds.
associating with fatty acids through hydrophobic interactions.
embedding in one side of the membrane and, thus, not extending through to the
other side.
associating with glycoproteins on the inner membrane surface.
bonding to integral proteins through noncovalent interactions.
13. Which of the following functions best explains the reason for the asymmetrically
oriented structure of the proteins in the cell membrane?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
These proteins are manufactured by free ribosomes.
Each type of protein has its own function.
These proteins pass through the ER membrane into the ER lumen.
Enzymes are needed to modify the carbohydrate chains on these proteins.
These proteins are initially formed by ribosomes on the rough ER.
5-2
Name____________________________________________________________Period______
Mrs. Laux
Biological Membranes and Cell Communication
AP Biology
Take home test #4 on Chaps. 5 and 6
DUE: WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 26, 2011
14. Proteins that are destined to become associated with the inner surface of the plasma
membrane are:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
manufactured in the same way as protein hormones.
manufactured in the same way as proteins destined to become external peripheral
proteins.
made on free ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
made on ribosomes located on the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
transported to the plasma membrane within a secretory vesicle.
15. Which of the following statements explaining the differences in number and types of
peripheral proteins found on the inner and outer surfaces of cell membranes is correct?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The functions of the membrane differ on the inside and outside of the cell.
Not all proteins can pass through the membrane and, thus, more accumulate on
the inside.
Proteins on the outside of the membrane are synthesized at a slower rate than
proteins on the inside of the membrane.
Proteins on the outside of membrane are made extracellularly and are unable to
penetrate the phospholipid bilayer and enter the cell.
The external peripheral proteins are weakly attached to the membrane and are
readily washed away.
16. Biological membranes are normally permeable to:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
large, hydrophilic molecules.
small, hydrophilic molecules.
large, hydrophobic molecules.
small, hydrophobic molecules.
None of these.
17. Which of the following molecules is least likely to cross a cellular membrane by simple
diffusion?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
carbon dioxide
nitrogen
oxygen
potassium ion
water
18. An ABC transporter:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
is a type of water channel.
uses the energy of ATP to transport solutes.
uses gated channels to transport ADP.
is present in kidney tubules and prevents dehydration.
is a type of porin.
19. Which of the following is not a characteristic of aquaporins?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
They are transmembrane proteins.
They facilitate the rapid transport of water through the plasma membrane.
They are located in mammalian kidney tubules.
They respond to specific hormones.
All of these are functions associated with aquaporins.
5-3
Name____________________________________________________________Period______
Mrs. Laux
Biological Membranes and Cell Communication
AP Biology
Take home test #4 on Chaps. 5 and 6
DUE: WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 26, 2011
20. A bottle of perfume is opened on the opposite side of the room and within minutes you
begin to smell the perfume. This phenomenon is a classic example of:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
dialysis.
osmosis.
active transport.
facilitated diffusion.
simple diffusion.
21. Simple diffusion may involve the movement of ______________________ through the
plasma membrane down a concentration gradient.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
small polar molecules
small nonpolar molecules
large polar molecules
large nonpolar molecules
water
22. Which of the following membrane activities does NOT require the expenditure of energy
by the cell?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
active transport
osmosis
endocytosis
exocytosis
synthesis of more membrane
23. If the concentration of solutes in a cell is less than the concentration of solutes in the
surrounding fluid, then the extracellular fluid is said to be:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
hypertonic.
hypotonic.
isotonic.
stable.
amphipathic.
24. The higher the concentration of solute in a solution, the _________ the effective water
concentration and the ________ the osmotic pressure.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
lower; lower
lower; higher
higher; higher
higher; lower
Answer cannot be determined from the information provided.
25. Solutions that are isotonic:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
are not in dynamic equilibrium.
have equal concentrations of solute and water.
have equal concentrations of solute but not water.
have equal concentrations of water but not solute.
will exhibit a net movement of water from one solution to the other.
5-4
Name____________________________________________________________Period______
Mrs. Laux
Biological Membranes and Cell Communication
AP Biology
Take home test #4 on Chaps. 5 and 6
DUE: WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 26, 2011
26, 27.
Use the figure to answer the corresponding questions.
26. Which of the following statements about
the red blood cells in Figure B is true?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
These red blood cells have been
placed in an isotonic solution.
These red blood cells have swollen
in response to a hypertonic
external solution.
These red blood cells have swollen
in response to a hypotonic external
solution.
These red blood cells have
shrunken in response to a
hypertonic external solution.
These red blood cells have
shrunken in response to a
hypotonic external solution.
27. Which of the following statements about the red blood cells in Figure A is true?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
There has been no net water movement.
There has been a net flow of water out of the cell.
There has been a net flow of water into the cell.
Pinocytosis has occurred.
Plasmolysis has occurred.
28. A patient who has had a severe hemorrhage accidentally receives a large transfusion of
distilled water directly into a major blood vessel. You would expect this mistake to:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
have no unfavorable effect as long as the water is free of bacteria.
have serious, perhaps fatal consequences because there would be too much fluid
to pump.
have serious, perhaps fatal consequences because the red blood cells could
shrink.
have serious, perhaps fatal consequences because the red blood cells could swell
and burst.
have no serious effect because the kidney could quickly eliminate excess water.
29. A plant cell placed in a hypertonic solution will:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
remain unchanged.
undergo lysis.
undergo plasmolysis.
swell slightly.
become crenated.
30. Penicillin is toxic to certain dividing bacterial cells because it prevents cell wall
formation, causing the cells to burst. This indicates that the bacteria live in:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
a hypotonic medium.
a hypertonic medium.
an isotonic medium.
a medium with a higher osmotic pressure than the cell.
Both a hypertonic medium and a medium with a higher osmotic pressure than the
cell.
5-5
Name____________________________________________________________Period______
Mrs. Laux
Biological Membranes and Cell Communication
AP Biology
Take home test #4 on Chaps. 5 and 6
DUE: WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 26, 2011
31. A wilted flower placed in a vase of water for several hours became stiff and stood erect.
When it was placed in a salt solution, it wilted. From this information we can say that
the cells of the flower are:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
hypotonic to both fresh water and the salt solution.
hypertonic to both the fresh water and the salt solution.
hypertonic to fresh water but hypotonic to the salt solution.
hypotonic to fresh water but hypertonic to the salt solution.
isotonic to fresh water but hypotonic to the salt solution.
32. Facilitated diffusion:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
requires a transmembrane protein.
requires ATP.
can move molecules against a concentration gradient.
is typically used to transport small nonpolar molecules.
All of these.
33. Which of the following are forms of carrier-mediated transport?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Facilitated diffusion only
Carrier-mediated active transport only
Osmosis only
Both facilitated diffusion and carrier-mediated active transport
Facilitated diffusion, carrier-mediated active transport, and osmosis
34. Although glucose molecules constantly diffuse into a cell along their concentration
gradient, equilibrium is never reached and glucose continues to enter the cell. This is a
direct result of:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
the
the
the
the
the
very fast turnover rate of glucose metabolism.
continuous excretion of glucose from other parts of the cell.
rapid and continuous intracellular formation of glucose phosphates.
active transport of glucose.
ability of the cell to engulf glucose by pinocytosis.
35. Studies of glucose transport in liposomes have revealed that:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
glucose is transported against a concentration gradient.
the binding of glucose triggers a conformational change in the carrier protein.
the transport of solutes via carrier proteins is faster than via channel proteins.
glucose phosphates move readily across the membrane by simple diffusion.
glucose moves readily across the membrane by simple diffusion.
36. A bacterium containing sodium ions at a concentration of 0.1 mM lives in a pond that
contains sodium ions at 0.005 mM. Evidently, sodium ions are entering the cell by:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
active transport.
endocytosis.
diffusion.
facilitated diffusion.
osmosis.
37. Which of the following describes how facilitated diffusion is powered?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Facilitated diffusion is “free of cost.”
Energy is required to do the work of establishing and maintaining a concentration
gradient.
ATP is required directly.
Both A and B.
E.
A, B, and C.
5-6
Name____________________________________________________________Period______
Mrs. Laux
Biological Membranes and Cell Communication
AP Biology
Take home test #4 on Chaps. 5 and 6
DUE: WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 26, 2011
38. Which of the following statements about the sodium-potassium pump is true?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
It
It
It
It
It
transports
transports
transports
transports
transports
hydrogen ions out of the cell.
3 sodium ions out of the cell in exchange for 2 potassium ions.
2 sodium ions out of the cell in exchange for 2 potassium ions.
2 sodium ions out of the cell in exchange for 3 potassium ions.
water directly out of the cell.
39. In the mechanism of action of a proton pump, the role of ATP is to:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
cause a proton to bind to a carbohydrate.
cause a cell to take up protons by endocytosis.
cause a cell to release protons by exocytosis.
transfer protons to the inside of a cell.
transfer protons to the outside of a cell.
40. In the cotransport of glucose and sodium ions:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
glucose molecules are transported down their concentration gradient.
sodium ions are transported down their concentration gradient.
the transport of glucose powers the transport of sodium.
ATP causes a conformational change in the carrier protein.
an antiport carrier protein is involved.
41. A human white blood cell engulfs a bacterial cell by:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
carrier-mediated facilitated diffusion.
exocytosis.
phagocytosis.
pinocytosis.
the sodium-potassium pump.
42. A person has a genetic disease that prevents the phospholipids in the plasma
membrane of the white blood cells from freely fusing with the other membranes within
the cell. How would this disease affect phagocytosis?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Lysosomes would not be formed.
Facilitated diffusion would not occur.
Lysosomes would be formed lacking hydrolytic enzymes.
The phagocytic vacuole would not fuse with the lysosome.
Endocytosis would not occur.
43. Pinocytosis:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
is engulfment of large particles by the cell.
occurs in protozoans and algae but not in more complex organisms.
involves the specific binding of molecules to receptors on the cell surface.
is the nonspecific uptake of fluids by pinching inward of the plasma membrane.
is movement of molecules against the concentration gradient through a permeable
membrane.
44. Receptor-mediated endocytosis:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
is a passive process.
involves only membrane transport proteins.
brings about the selective uptake of materials by enclosing them in membranous
vesicles.
does not require energy.
is most likely to be found in cells that release large amounts of hormones.
5-7
Name____________________________________________________________Period______
Mrs. Laux
Biological Membranes and Cell Communication
AP Biology
Take home test #4 on Chaps. 5 and 6
DUE: WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 26, 2011
45, 46.
Use the figure to answer the corresponding questions.
45. The process illustrated in the accompanying
figure is called:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
facilitated diffusion.
pinocytosis.
cotransport.
lysis.
exocytosis.
46. The process illustrated in the accompanying
figure would most likely be used to transport:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
glucose.
hormones.
potassium ions.
carbon dioxide.
bacteria.
47. In cells that are constantly involved in secretion, an equivalent amount of membrane
must be returned to the interior of the cell for each vesicle that fuses with the plasma
membrane; if this does not occur, then what would happen?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The
The
The
The
The
ratio of cell surface would decrease, compared to cell volume.
cell surface would shrivel.
surface area would remain constant.
number of membrane receptor proteins would decrease.
cell surface will keep expanding.
48. The structures in this figure:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
provide anchorage points between
adjacent cells.
allow the transport of small molecules
and ions between adjacent cells.
allow passage of materials through
intercellular spaces.
prevent the passage of materials
through intercellular spaces.
can only be found in plants.
5-8
Name____________________________________________________________Period______
Mrs. Laux
Biological Membranes and Cell Communication
AP
Biology
Take home test #4 on Chaps. 5 and 6
DUE: WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 26,
2011
49. Plasmodesmata of plant cells are functionally equivalent to ____________ of
animal cells.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
gap junctions
dermatomes
tight junctions
cell surface receptors
microvillus
50. Which of the following lists the correct sequence of events involved in cell
signaling?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
amplifying, signal transducing, receiving, responding
signal transducing, sending, receiving, terminating
sending, signal transducing, receiving, amplifying
receiving, sending, signal transducing, responding
sending, receiving, signal transducing, responding
51. Paracrine signaling is different from other types of signaling in that the signaling
molecule:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
is produced by endocrine glands.
binds to a receptor.
is secreted by neurons.
is transported in the blood.
acts on nearby cells.
52. Which of the following statements concerning receptors is FALSE?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
They
They
They
They
They
are
are
are
are
are
found inside the cell and on the cell surface.
proteins or glycoproteins.
also called ligands.
highly selective.
activated by binding to a signaling molecule.
53. Under which of the following situations would receptor down-regulation most
likely occur?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The
The
The
The
The
concentration of a neurotransmitter is too low.
concentration of a hormone is too high.
number of receptors in the plasma membrane is too low.
number of G proteins is too high.
cell is unable to manufacture cyclic AMP.
54. As a result of receptor up-regulation:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
the number of genes that code for a receptor increases.
the sensitivity of a cell to a hormone decreases.
the number of receptors decreases.
the concentration of hormone molecules in the blood increases.
a hormone’s signal is amplified.
5-9
Name____________________________________________________________Period______
Mrs. Laux
Biological Membranes and Cell Communication
AP
Biology
Take home test #4 on Chaps. 5 and 6
DUE: WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 26,
2011
55. When a receptor binds to its G protein, which of the following happens next?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The signaling molecule binds to the receptor.
The G protein activates an enzyme.
The three G protein subunits come together.
GTP is replaced by GDP.
GDP is replaced by GTP.
56. An example of a second messenger is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
protein kinase A.
an ion channel.
cyclic AMP.
GABA.
insulin.
57. A protein kinase catalyzes the reaction in which:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
a protein loses a phosphate group.
a protein is phosphorylated.
G protein is activated.
ATP is converted to cAMP.
GTP is converted to GDP.
On a separate sheet of paper, type your answer to the following question.
1.
Describe five different activities performed by membrane proteins in
multicellular organisms.
5 - 10