,
'
`
THE
CEDIPUS
ROMANUS?
»
on,
AN A'l'I.`EMPT TO
PROVE,
FROM THE PRINCIPLES OF
K?
'
wovrmn
_
mr
DRTI-1TIII["O1<T_l5;
THE RT. HON. s-IE WILLIAM
IN
HIS
'I
-
(EDIPUS JUDAICUS,
THAT
THE
GTESAES
TWELVE
ARE THB
`
I
TWELVE SIGNS OF THE zonmc.
ADDRESSEDI TO
THE HIGHER AND LITERARY
CLASSES OF SOCIETY.
BY THE REV.
G%0WNSEND,`AQ M.
I
OF
`
TRINITY
COLLEGE,
CAMBRIDGE.
0 tenebria tantis, tam elm-um sxtollere lumen
Qui primus potuiatiTe seqnorNon ita certandi cupidus, quam
propter a morem
Quod te imitari aveo.
I/ucretius. Lib. 3. I. ll.
I
~
-1.
LONDON:
Immun BY A. J.
vuvv, 'rooxE's
sou:
J.
HATCHARD, 190,
'
counr,
clnucnnv uma.
nv
PICCADILLY.
.
1819.
'
v
D|gmzed by
-L_-..
__..
,
TO THE HIGHER
`
l
7
AND LITERARY CLASSES
or soC1E'rY.
i;.
,
WHEN
of the
the noble and the learned author
Judaicus determined
tlidipus
'confine his wonderful
sense
ofthe
Hebrew
to the 'Walls of his
his
discorery
Scriptures,"
study,
his
its -merit, and
book
It is
purchased
longer
no
and the circle of
to'
you,
tribunal to decide
pretensions.
has been
to
of the real
friends; he made his appeal
Gezitlernen, as the proper
on
~
_
Among you
extensively circulated.
with eagerness,
sale:
vrhen
it still
accidentally exposed
to
cites 'among yon, great
attention, and gives
ex-
4
rise to
frequent conversation.
have been
circumstances, I
that
none
applied
of its
the
numerous
Under these
much
surprised
admirers have
principles of reasoning adopted
'by_Sir William
Drummond tothe 'elucida-
tion of other Histories, than those in the
Old
Seven years have
Testament,
since it
was
first submitted to
bation, yet its author has
your
never
elapsed
appro-
been
con-
gratulated by any of his friends, or followers.
Entertaining,
as
I
do,
an
his candor, his courage, his
his
ingenuity,
and the
for
equal respect
fmodefatiou,
useful object
to
which he has devoted his time, his talents,
and his
learning ;
to assure
I trust he will
permit
me
him, that I consider his disco-
veries too valuable and meritorious to be
reserved only
public
ever
~
Z
in
will
for the
literary world.
general always
The
have been, and
be interested in the
'opinions
of
,
~@'
5
their
superiors;
gratify
their
peeuliar
by proving
being
curiosity,
fame
my
to
therefore;
and I wish
on
that
Judges,
misapprehended
the
that of Scripture
;
enlarge the
and
Drummond,
principles, You
William
of,S_ir
them,
_
to
his
they
sense
and
have
of
as
much
History,
that there
is
as
equal
reason to believe the twelve Caesars to be the
twelve
Signs of the Zodiac, as
ratives
of the Hebrew
that the
Scriptures
nar-
col#
are a
lection of astronomical emblems.
It has
repeatedly
been made
ject of applause, that our
have
new
ories,
ever
plans,
shown
whether
Sir William Drummond,
be content
very
on
'this
averse
and
in politics
sub-
countrymen
themselves
systems,
new
'a
or
new
-»
to
the-
religion.
therefore, must
account to observe
the
slow progress which his novel and
6
.
astonishing'
mode
of
~
interpreting
has' hitherto made
Scripture'
thinking classes
learned and
as
~
the
among the
of
Society;
the humble admirer of his
I too
am
prepared
reception.
sophical
When the Christian and
world
first books of
ing
us
to
mighty prqject,
meet with'a similar
with
can
be
scripture,
convinced
that the
instead of
present-
history of
a
events, contain only
an
philo-
real persons and
allegorical
represen-
tation of the 'progress of
astronomy,and
calendar:
that the three
the reform of the
hundred and
are
eighteen" servants of Abraham,
somany
days;
concave hemisphere;
of Ai,»smote
men,
sea
and that when
them
from
is the
thegnen
of the Israelites six and
and chased
thirty
the Gate
in
reality
of the calendar who smote
thirty#
even unto
the men
thatthe red
Shebarim, they
six, amounting
to
were
-the dceans, the divisions
i
..,,.,<
,_
-..
=-
,
v
--
~..._
.__
..~__
».».,.Y»
_
---f-f-»-qt,
ima of ihayw, and chased
þÿ0f¢tl ¬~Z0¢iiB»é,
dam even to fractions
xi
and the
reason
of
the
their overthrow vas,_tbat the men of
calendar, aforesaid, took 'of the accursed
thing; that is,
`
of the
symbols
lofdthe lunar
year#-When thetruly enlightened
prqjudiced reader is'
things,
then, and
that
the,~tivelve'Signs
no;
and
lun-
convinced of these
an
mn,
wan he be
the twelve -Caesars also are
of the Zodiac: -that Caius
Julius .Cwsar 'is the ram, and that the pas-
sageof
theVRubioon
the§un1s
'is
merely typical
cutting the Equator;
other most
singular
and
'
with many
surprising
dis#
'
Y
coveries.
Whatever impression
in
of
we
may succeed
making on the-more philosophical part of
che
¢a>mmunif,y,I muoh
but ébiv converts in
-m..,:-lv-
our
fear we shall anal
two
8
Entrenched behind the authorities of 'such
men as
Hooker, Barrow, Taylor,
Addison,
Bull, Pearson, .Horsley, 'and others, their
members
appeal
tothe
ponderous
of these "matter-of-fact
volumes
interpreters,"
and
shut their' eyes to the discoveries of Sir
~Dmmm<md.
William
Even
.
Hume
Gibbon illumined them in vain.
innovate,
and
suspicious
of
and
Slow to
novelties, they
still maintain -their inveterate
prejudices,
and educate thef
country in
the
of
youth
long-established faith
They shrink
of their fathers.
from the meteoric
our
system, and
our
ancient, and
"sound
our
learning,
term their
brilliance of
adherence
not
yet exploded faith,
and
religious educationl"
The obstinate members of our Universities
must
to
an
left to their
exclusive
proverbial attachment
those who have been
~
.
I
appeal only
to
already initiated
in
creed:
9
,
the
mysteries
of
Sir
William
Drumi
`
mond.
i
-
Sir William has invented
eliciting
ithat Truth,
of
object
all
who
a new
mode of
which is the
common
contented
not
are
think with
the vulgar.
Instead of
for moral
arguments,_
and
subtleties, he
all the
the
traces
dead
living and_
theconsonants of
a
nant of
"'
"once
a
zodiac.
came
vine
Master, and
most
glorious
to
Egyptian
of
or
Truth,"
a
till' he
words, in
in therem-
says
world,
was
Milton,
with her di-
perfect shape,
upon: but when He
apostles after him were
there strait
of deceivers,
languages,
look
ascended, and his
laid asleep,
goddess through
radical,
into the
looking
metaphysical
recesses'
discovers her in the
Ato
arose a
wicked
race
who,_ (as the story goes ofthe
Typhon,
with his
companions,
l0
how they dealt with the
god Osyris,)
took
virgin Truth, hewed her lovely
into a thousand pieces, and scattered
form
the
to the four winds.
that time
From
them
to the
present, the Sad friends of Truth, such
durst appear,
imitating the careful
as
search
that Isis made, for the mangled body of
Osyris, Wmlf up and down, gathering
by lamb, mn,
up limb
them."
as
them
they mia
and
In this search. lighted by the lamp
of his reason, and enamouned of the 'de-
scription of the charms
liam has
engaged.
-
of Truth, Sir Wilt
He has -wandered after
through the dark corners of the East:
he has explored the -recesses of idolatry,
her
and the
has
gloomy
acquired
thlfOl1gh~f.h8
nations,
and
to
t
caverns of
the
infidelity:
languages,
he
and -roved
desolate wildernesses of distant
to recover her' vanished
gaze
on
her
forgotten
graces;
11
~
After all this labor he has
the full
presented
us
length portrait of the virgin.
with
Never
the attention of mankind been directed
to
worthier object. Enrobed in the
emblems of astronomy, and covered with
has
a
the
to
figures of the constellations, she appears
the
complete
nature.
.ofi human
perfectibility
Commanding
us to
thealtas
desert
of revelation, to kneel at that of
and
liberality, she points
sphere, the Indian zodiac, and
hieroglyphic, as
the sacred
of
Wm win not
are
Sir William
boiv
Egyptian
the ,disco-
Such the result of .the
veriesofi learning!
researches
the
Persian
.substitute ofthe
Such
Christian Scriptures.
~the
to
reason
at this
Drummond!
sum
Who wan
ndt~wo1'ship this golden image »?:
Wlroisnot
ready
phets,
forsake -the
and
exclzim
apostles
with
me
and me .pmat
the shrine
ofthisikmg hzstitrruth; wngiii hoiyniigm"
12
You will
men,
longer
no
_
be
surprised, gentle-
that I should find materials to demon-
strate my
theory,
Drummond's
when I act on Sir William
plans.
I
search
only for
similar arguments to those in the
I may therefore
Judaicus, and
ask, If
(Edipus
confidently
hypothesis be worthy of public
favor, why should not the other? Each has
the
one
same
of
sort
and each may be
description
of
Drummond has
but facts, and
festivals
objections
supported onthe
same
Sir William
authority.
nothing to contend against,
history,
and
chronology, and
incelebration
of facts, the uniform
testimony
of all ages, and na-
concurrent
tions, and_ the dictates of
to
to overcome,
these he
yery effectually
common
opposes etymo-
and fable. When I would
logy, hypothesis,
shew that Cmsar is Aries, and
Taurus, I
am
sense:
sensible the
'
same
Augustus
difficulties
1
,
_.;»
v-1.--~§_;...
_
_
I
13°
must
oppose themselves; and had I
such
an
of
example
not
patient courage
and
perseverance as that before me, I confess
I should shrink under the attempt. But I
kneel with the
"f altar of
Sir William at the
ingenious
truth and
nature,
of which the
'
,basis is established
`
'Facts indeed
'of sufficient
have
reason."
-
'
neveribeen
authority,
tion among. the
to
objectors
"
considered
enforce
convic-
Christianity,
to
they be expected to 'compel
faith in History. Calculations have been
how then
our
by
can
made to ascertain the
period
which may
A
elapse
before any authenticated fact will
'
become incredible.
to
We have
more reason
believe in the battle of Waterloo, than in
that 'of Blenheim; and
we
have
stronger
A
'
Preface,
page vi.
p
14
reasons
for
crediting
heim, than that
tion to
to be
the
our
therefore
the
victory
at Marathon.
distance of
the,
anticipate
when William the
ought
and we may
;
happy period
proved astro-
when these battles shall be all
nomical emblems.
propor-
In
event,
an
belief in its truth'
of Blen-
The time may
Conqueror,
come,
well
as
as
Caleb the brother of Joshua, may be demonstrated to be Sirius; and theevidence
may be found
by comparing
supposed
bis companions, the
our
noble families, with the
constellations round the
The
proposition,
the
names
ancestors of
names
of the
dog-star.
the truth of which I
am
anxious to establish, is
as
that of ,Sir William Drummond:
quote his
own
of
words,
"
I
nearly
pretend,
antient Jews, like the other
the
same
to
that the
nations of anti-
151
»
their esoteric, and theirveiiotetic
That as, the hntient Jews
doc'trinés.".
quity,
had
the
disguised
history
and the reform -of the calendar,
astronomy
under the veil of
apparent
of the progress of
simple narration, and
matter of
feet, 'and' the mystery
has never been solved till
The afgutnehts
supported,
on
are
the present day.
which this
hypothesis
is
derived from etymology,
coincidence, and tradition.
i
'I
pretend that
the Rdmah
nieeefiaes,
Tacitus, Suetonius, Src., had their esoterie,
arid exoteric'doctril1es:
they are enigmedeel writers, sed eeseeeled certain trliths
from the
vulgar
under the
disguise
of a
candid, and impdrtial statement df
fuots. These truths, eonsequently, like the
'most
esdizerib doctrines of the Jews,
me
gene-d
rkllgy 'unknown among their descendants;
`
16
like these too,
derably
to
meaning
our
at
merit, in
from
dence, and tradition
many
the time
"
to
;
explain
passages,"
their
arguments are
etymology,
coinci-
and I trust
by their
the hidden
in the
sense
of
Romanhistorians.
The task I have assigned myself;
its
to
they were
discovering
My
present.
likewise deduced
assistance
seem
even
circumstance which adds consi-
a.
;
do not
understood at
have been
written
they
y
with all
difficulties, is of much easier execution
than that of
my learnedfpredecessor. The
institutions of the Mosaic law,
seem
tended for the express purpose of
abolishing
this' difference existed,
and
utterly
the difference between -all
teric and exoteric doctrines.
in-
eso-
Wherever
superstition; idolatry,
priestcraft uniformly prevailed.
laws of Moses, like the
laws`of
the
The
holy
17
U
n
.
Jesus,
for the collective
intended
were
body of the people. The code which
them
publicly promulgated: one part
code was, that they should study
was
of that.
their
Scriptures;
they
made
preserved
the
united
we
transcripts
the
histories
jealous
and
pedigree
well know that
of their laws, and
of their fathers, and
of their ancestors with
scrupulous attention,
and
as
such
to pre-
possibility of emblems, or fables
insinuating themselves into the sacred teit.
clude the
When the Pentateuch
had
believe that
written, the Jews
convincing
more
many
was
Abraham
reasons .to
the
and
twelve
real characters, than
we
have to believe that King ohn signed
the
Patriarchs
Magna
,were
Charta.
merit therefore
in
Sir
William
is exceedingly
spite of such deterring
been
able
to
great, that
didiculties he has
furnish arguments to support
I
rdldip.
Drummond's
i'
"
B
___,_,_¢
18
hypothesis, that these
mica] emblems: but how
were astrono-'
his
unlimited must
he
his merit, in
having lshown
an
astronomical
emblem,
rior and
the
law
a
sage! Joshua,
of Moses,
the division of
completed
and
judge
the
under
he succeeded
land of Canaan
:
-was
of this chief,
of Israel ; and the real
existence
vulgar apprehensions
be as much identified with the Holy Land
itself, (unless that
the
too be
Milky Way,)
Alfred is identified
of
whom
awar-
as
know, enforced
the auspices
of Joshua appears to
to
well
as
we
Joshua to be
England
as
the
real existence of
into counties.
were
their-records;
by,
no
.Compared with
indeed light.
means
so
The
careful. of
and errors, and emblems of
all. kinds could haveinore
easily
admission into their' chronicles.
obtained
The
people
'
.
1
or
with the original division
this 'e&`oi°t, my task is
Romans
the Great Bear,
`
.19
_
werenever directed to
'care ;'
They -,paid
with
of their
to
no
.
,
preservetheir records
studytheml
transcribe and
reverence
to
credited annals; and'
sequent negligence
the very
the conf
from
of all classes, the'astro4
nomical 'types and emblems, which
obscure
and
letter
authors
mystical
those`
Tacitus,
Suetonius, and others, haveconcealed under
the emasl-r of plain matter otilfact, are not
understood- 'by
Romans
;
the
descendantsf
the
of
though they areeasily decyphered
by those who 'will
and ,candid
attend
ivith unprejudiced,
minds, to the
nature -and
truth,
calm voice of
philosophy
of
and
i
reason.
l
~
<
shall now submit
some
etymology,
derived frornthe
of, Sir,William
Drummond, and
rules of
authority
tofyour approbation
i
'
`
many others.
'
'
From 'the evidence of an innumerable
collection of writers, I may, here assume :as
the whole earth
preliminary, 'that
a
originally
are
of
one
derived from
they
may
are to
onesouree,
languages
and-,
many radicals,
however
we
and
shall
rvords,
be traced to the original stock.'
Etymology
is the -art of.
words; by
stripping
pendages
all
differ, it is probable
now
find' in each,
which
language:
was
discovering 'these'
oil' their sinecure ap-
of mood, tense, number, person,
gender, digamma, affix, preiix, intensitive,
and _aocent.'
Etymology can change, derive,
add, or subtract syllables.
chain armor, it bends at
Like
a
suit of
pleasure over every
part of an hypothesis; and defends
a
new
system, by guarding against' the intrusion
of all the darts and arrows of facts and
'
'
V
ide, among others, Faber's Origin of Pagan Idolatry,
on this
subject.
'
I
»'
Y
`
21
history;
beneath
while. the
its
whole may moves-easily
irnpeneltrable
only disadvantage is, that
once
broken
becomes at
depends
once
if the
links
are
the most- illustrious
through,
which
theory.
,Its
strength.
on
its
protection,
utteqly powerless and
defenceless: and is suffocated in ,its _own
Like all 'useful-auxiliaries, it
discoveries.
must be
subjected
to
discipline ;
and the
few following rules have been considered
`
importance.,
~
»
_
All words of
be reduced-to
language,
of
more
a
as we
»
.
'
than onesyllable may
because all
monosyllable`;
daily see in infan1is,,was~at
I
iirstmonosyllabic.
'
-
I
»
,
All
beginnings and endings
consequently
.
be
rejeotedf
at
of words may
_
pleasure,
till
_
`22
_
`
three letters, ,or if necessary, only two~let`
'
ters remain,
'
_
V
Vowels may _be added-or rejected;
sonants
only
form the ,roots of
Con-
words.
'
4
When ,the radicals
word of _which they
read either
are
are
discovered, the
composed. maybe
backwards,.or forwards, as
Cnscha. is
be foundf convenient. ,Thus
same
ain,
as
as
I_refe1t
Cacus:
Ain-ait,
Hanes; with
to Mr.
Should
many
as
as
Ait-ain
others, for which
'
.
either.befo're, or.af`ter
the-sound may appear to
require.
consonants. remain,
may be inserted.
~
Ees-
consonant only remain,
one_
.Should two
;
the
Bryant.
vowels may be added
it,
may
vowels
.
_
1
L-1-vu--~
_,.,_,
.Q-_.-.,.._.
__-.-v
,.
V
23
_
4Labials_may_
.
be
changedinto labials,
dentalsinto dentals.
and
»-
,'
_
,.
1
All harsh sounds
thosef
more
digamma,
y,
or
b.
be reduced to
may
agreeable, 'by substituting
.
changing
or
a
gutturalsinto f, ph,
'
,
e
'
.~»
_'
~.
-'
,.
which may have any
Words
.'_
affinity
with
Egyptian, Hebrew, Chaldee,.or other orieni
tal
languages, are
never
to be
referred
to
a
Greek root .gig
»
t
This
latter rule_is
to f'IQatin
not
.
words," for -the Romans 'were
merely
by
assert; Q
they
of
}Eneas;
were
the
justly expect;
language
colony from Greece
a
ducted
family.
particularly applicahle
I
as
part of
'Cuthim ;
to
6nd
the
con-
traditions
the
great
and Awe
ymay
much of thefprimeval'
among them.
As
there is
no
24
regular alphabet,'or dictionary
guage,
we
must
drag the
obstinate words
from
of this lan-
most'
roots of the
iirst
the
oriental
dialect in which they have :taken shelter,
and
bring them out tohbe stripped or clothed
asthey are wanted. As the Hebrew contains
the roots of nearly all the oriental diaiectsi
and
best Hebrew 'scholars have
the
as
derived'
words in every language
and the
wor1d,froxn Hebrew,
all
authority
in
decisive.
Though
have
the
been
of
I consider its
etymological
I
cannot
primitive language, I
spoken hy mankind
Such
'
appeal
are
cases
the
as'
prove it to'
itto contain more of the words
therefore
Europe,
believe
originally
than any other ; and .If
td itwithout reluctance.
rules ef. that etymology,
which 'in many instances
has
been
successful fauxilia.ry.`of _Sir William Drumfmond, andiiiom the assistance of which It
'
s
95
hope` my
own
I
support.
tion of my
is
system will 'receive equal
proceed
now
"
the considera~
same sense
to use his
own
those parts of the
which
to
.hypothesis ;~ merely premising,
that inthe very
William,
°
in
which
words, understands
Hebrew Scriptures,
usually called historical,
are
partly allegorical
and
to
be
partly historical,"
do I likewise receive and understand
Roman Historians.
Sir
the
The most strange, and
almost unaccountable
is this:
circumstance
that the very coincidences which
the Patriarchs with the 'twelve
identify
Signs
of the
Zodiac, identify the Caesars with them
also: acircumstance indeed
sing,
very
surpri-
that if I had time to prosecute the
inquiry,
'
I
might
which are equal
one
so
to
prove, that
the same,
another, the Patriarchs
and the~Caesars the
sons
are
are
as
things
equal
to
the Caesars,
of Jacob, because
r
,
26
Q
they
are-
Zodiac.
would
I
more
both
fear, however, this
embroii
not therefore
from
synonymous
permit
entering upon
with
"decision
fray ;" and I shall
to detain me longer
the
it
the
my,diSquisition.
,
~
~
I. Caius Julius
Ccesizr-Gad-Aries.
-;;..;;_
THOU¢H
-
fessed
V
Sir William aDrummond's pro-
object~ is
prove' only that 'the
to
standardsiof the twelve tribeswere taken
fromthe Zodiacal
of
signs, "he keeps
the word
'promiseito the ear, and breaks it to the
faith;" his arguments undoubtedly identify
»
the Patriarchs
themselves,
these signs.
with'
`
.
.
_
=
Gad is shown- to be Aries from his name,
from' the
traditions,
sions i_n
Scripture,
Dent. xxxiii, 21.
_
-Gadoriginally
sign Aries i_s
and
from,
Gen.
two
xlix,
19, and
~
.
signified
called
a.
~troop.
~"
The
Princeps Zodiaci,
.
,I
expres-
_
,
28
V
_
Ductor lhrereitus, Dux
Gregis, Princeps
Signorurn,"
is
the
"Aries
&c.'
the
symbol
of
Sun, who, after having descended to,
and returned from
contends
the
hemisphere,
lower
place in the upper
sphere ; and the ancients accordingly
hemi-
for his
sent him
as
struggling against
tions Y; which
the
repre-
constellag
they typified by an ram butting
A
with hisé
He was,
horns."
troop '; and Gad
was a
as
it' were, the
troop; therefore
i
Gad
was
`
Aries.
Similar arguments
Caesar with Aries.
Zuerius .in
~
his
prove
The
notes
to make
as
I
war
the Ram
might
say,
against,
fights
name
to
derived from the Arabic
the
'
to
identity
Caesar (says
Suetonius)
'
is
Casara, frangereg'
to
conquer,
iight,
with the Constellations.
Caesar contended for his place,
i
'
.
of
(Edipus J udaicus, page 80.
4
1,.....,._.
.-,-
....
_
,.,,,-»»-,
_.-
99,
andthe
Rani contends for his' 'place,`there-
f'ore»Ca=:sar is
theliarn ;
on this argument:
'I'am
show, that I place
no
derivation,
unnatural
ces;
,
I shall
that Cwsar
but 'I _do not
most anxious to
dependence on any
or *forced coinciden-
therefore consider
was
rest
the evidence
Aries, frornhis whole
narne
taken together; and the identity will 'then
appear,-even frorn this firstnproof, indontro'
'
'
vertible;
"
_
'
,
Caius Julius
Caesar
was
Lucius and Aurelia." These words
ly understood,
proof;
afford the
Romefwas the sign of the
We
are
informed
'properdecisive
most
that the first historical
of
the son
Emperor of
`
'
Ram."
by the late
-
-
venerable,
andfleamed Jacob Bryant, in his catalogue
°_
so
~
of
of the Ammonian
theradicals
words
that the
Lux, Luceo,-
are
alli derived
the
names of the Sun.
derived
to
from Auxag
or
Luoidus, &c,
El Uc,
Lucius is
from Lux, and
language,
one
of
evidently
originally
referred
the Solar Deity, the universal object of.
idolatrous
Worship.
Aureliais
_
derived from
A_ur1mLight, and
The word
El, the Sun.
Aurelia signifies
butterfly,
which is well known to be the
emblem,
not
body, pbut of
dreariness
of the soulj leaving the
the Sun
then
can
Aurelia;
be the
or
period
,breaking ,from the
of winter, and _renewing the (life
beauty off nature in
and
the
only
the
the
offspring
spring. 'What
of
Luciusi and
offspring of the great Sun, at
when it emerges from_ the domi-
nion of winter, but Cmsar, the
sign
Aries?
'-
`-'--'---
--
'
-
'a
-_
_,
_
.
3l
Consider the radicals- of the
and_ all doubt
on
the
itself,
'name
question
vanishes.
Caius' 'Julius Cmsarg-Xa: Caia, Caias,
Caius,
is the
house,
in the
half
such
are
collected,
many
of
temples
says Mr.
for
Italy,
instances
refer'
Mythology;
we
moon; and
near
Kamfn,
to
his
If have
supposinggthat, the word
to
but the
express--the temples
houses,
or
mansions,
which the signs of the Zodiac occupy
Heavens:
merely
founded
for all which I
only applied
the Gods,
or
language.
and many other
;
of Antient
'reasons
not'
cavern,
112, 113.)' relate
Thus Caieta in
derived
Analysis
was
1. p,
places.
was so
a
do uo_t,~ however,
cavern, but to
a
for
Ammonian
or
radicals
Bryant, (vol.
word
primeval Cuthite, half Hebrew,
Sanscrit,
These
to
original
or
read .of the
in
the
,mansions of the
!Eschylus ,calls the sky,-the
temple, or.Caias,
of the Sun.
~
W
as
`
J ulius, is evidently
Sun: hoth
the
are
'useful radical, Al
the rules of
precede,
or
a
corrupfion of Qjmsg,
derived from the same
or
El; and according
to
etymology, the vowels which
follow a common fradical, are
changeable at' pleasure.
»
Q
properly written Kdwug, Kaisar;
'that is, Cai a» mansion, and Sar, which is a
term uniformly denoting an _things eminent,
'
Caesar is
,
honorable,
splendid,
or
superior.
Thus the
of Tyre and Sidon,»wene
princely people
called Sarim (Isa. xxiii, 8.) The name Sarah,
a.
Lady
of;
or
Princess,
was
So»we have,
Abraham.
Saronides, and
Bryant).
Serapis ;
Sar-
or
Sarades; Sa-
many
olshers, (vide
chon; Sarabetha ; Sardis
ron,
given' to thewifel
The word Snr is here used in
composition,
to
'
signify
that mansion of
l
33
tihe
Sun, 'or'tha<t sign
is the
¥irst,
or 'most
Tlie whole
may be
name
in 'the Zodiac which
emfitient.
Caius Julius Caesar thexi
interpreted thus
sun,¢1wymz~hewe.
The house,
;-
Itlcontains
qf the
rilain and
e
Simple desefiprion
of the 'situation of the
sign Aries. Cwstir,
like 'the Patriaroh
beeomes *identified with the
Gad,
vema1eq~ui'nox,
#nd 'the Ram, the leader of 'the year.
He
of Lucius
and
is fthe
Eonquering
'Child
Amerie, thatis ef the sen himself, and the
diwéded Zoaiae; typified by the butterfly
Breaking
into the
from the
liberty
prison
of the
Winter,
and loveliness of Spring. -u
Such is the inference deduoible from the
name
mere
of the
first
Roman
appellation Gad,p'roves
Co have :been Aries; much
@dip.
If the
Emperor.
the patriarch
uheqiiivo-Q
more
'
.
_
i
C
o
,
'34appellation Caius Julius
of" Lucius.and A-urelia, identify
does the
cally
Cwsar,
son
the first
Roman Emperor
with the
same
'
sign.
1'
"
_
Gada
troop
shall overcome him; but
he shall
overcome
at
passage is
quoted
the next
Sir William,
"
Aries
to
as
last."
*the
argument
prove that Gad
(p. 30.) seems
This
was
to be the
of
Aries;
symbol of
the Sun, who, after having descended -to,
and 'returned from the _lower
contends for his
in the
place
hemisphere,
upper."
'The
troop therefore that shall -overcome Gad, is
the
body
of the
'constellations,'and"
shall overcome at the last,"
shall
resume
This
its
place
in the
signifies,
It
heavens.
and the other passage of
by which Sir William
"he
Scripture,
-Drummond
,would
35
identity
prove the
,
of Gad with Aries, will
applykvith equal propriety' to
sarf
for how exactly and
the
expressicn
'Q
first
the
Cae-
apprcpriately does
af-troop
shallf overccrne
him; but he shall cvercome at? the »-last,"
apply
several remarkable-incidents in
to
the life cf Caesar.
corne' by
death.
Sylla,
He
He was nearlyszover-
'
who wished to put hiin 'to
was once on
in Gaul, 'as
defeated
mentaries;
f
'He was
when
repulsed
caxrip,
some' time
we
point ofs being
the
read in his Com-
utmost danger
iii the
in the attack
previous
on
'tc the
Pharsalia ; 'yet he overcame all
add" I much
suspect, but
toc much time to
Pompey's
it
.battle=of
thelast
at
:
wquld' require
that all
provethe position,
these circumstances refer to one event, typifjing
f
the
.
`
conquests 'of this celebrated sign.
.
.
'
_
"
,
_
'
.
Gad had.
1
provided-
'
»
_
the first part for
36
himself, because there, in
lawgiver
'
he seated."
was
a
was
argument
as
"
The first
has
part,"
to
place in
by hisseizing
the supreme power.
Sun's
of the
the
la.wgiver"_
an
Zodiac, typified
is that
"The
part of the
dominion which the Ram
and is shadowed out
Julius
evidently
allusion to his
portion
that
the words seem, even
sight, equally applicable
Cesar.
the
Aries: I shall not however stop
todiscuss this text,
at- Brat
of
From this 'text
Sir William deduces another
Gad
portion
occupied;
the Roman histo-
by
rians under the idea, that Caesar _deprived
the Senate, the
great lawgiver of Rome, of
their chief power. Sir William coniirmsrhris
remarks
sphere,
sitting
"
by observing,
a
young
on a
man
throne."
found in the
is
in' the Persian
herelrepnesented
Similar
proof is
to be
mysterious Suetonius, in
'
Deutlsuxiii,
21.
his
account of the
presentation of
by Antony (§ 7Q.); and
event
commemorated in
bhoks,
serited
seated
on
we even
End
our common
where Caesar is
as
the diadem
uniformly
throxie,
a
or
school
repreg
curule
1
chair.
,
4
In the admiroble dissertation
of Joshua, my learned,
that the
Canaanites,
the- book
on
.guide has shawn
the Hittites, the Hi-
rites, the Perizzites, the~~Gipgashites,the Am"
orites,and theJebusites, were not
distinct nations,"
'
who
so
many'
conquered
were
and driven from their colmtry, or extirpated
the Israelites; but that
by
they
"
ferent sects of Tsabaists. and
rlimatiou
was
*
the exter-
_
systems." His°proq&
derived from the
these
dif-
aséelsted Il0l2A¢f the people,
hut of their idolatrous
are
were
respective
suoposed nations.
got,"
names
of
»
V
l
Po 208'
'
,
i
ss,
Caneanites
The
ur 13,
or
mr 13.
they
_
were
called from
so
are
the
establishers of
the time.
-
_
`
_
_
The Hittites from
nn.
'
the solar fire.
,The Hivites from
I
worshippers
they worshipped
of the
~
mn,
V
they were Ophites;
-
serpent.
~
_.A
»
*The Perizzites, whose namefwas derived
from_
a
interpreters,
prefix
'
~
The
never yet understood by the
word
5
from
were
the
Girgashites
eh,
with' the Egyptian
Cabbalists.
from
27313.
»
the
meaning
of which Sir 'William does not comprehend;
and therefore doubts they existencef of this
'
people altegether.
»
I
f
'-
-'
,_
..
-
r.
<The Amorites
were
worshippers
of P the
~
.
-.~<»_...._~¢¢-_-,
_
.__
.
39-
branchesyor heavenly host,
sites
worshipped fnvu,
or
and the Jebu-
Busta,
no:
or
Bubastis, the rnoon.' In all these instances
the former received
and-
astronomical
an
vered,
the
exploits
Gentlemen,
prehend
I
Caesar
our
was
am
same
hypothesis.
mode of
reasoning
Cmsar, and you will then,
persuaded, begin
'
was a
',
to
-
_
the first whoinserted
calendar.
and
he
his name in the
prove that he endeavored to
introduce his alterations among the
rounding
_
.
He reformed that calendar; and
now
'
com-
celebrated Astronomer. One
months is named from him,
It shall
disco-
the esoteric doctrines of the Roman
Historians.
of
of
is set aside,
signification
suitable to the
more
Let -us apply the
to
'meaning
Tsabaists.
All his wars,
(Edipus J udaicus,
pp. 204 to 208.
so
sur-
fan-
40
cifully relaged by the writers (whom:
are
accustomed' to
proposes
dpm
no
believe,
"
when
doubts, and whom
disposed
to
question
we
have been taught
we
were
children," '),
to
are
credit
reason
we are
as-men,
we
sell-
because
the/rn
allegorical
when
repref
sentations of his efforts to, overthrow the
abaurdities of 3 bad. almanab.
,
It may appear inconsistent, thatam
endeavoring
of Rome
thus
an
prove the first
Emperor
astronomical emblem, I should
uuequivoeallyf represent him, las
bona Bde,
the
to
whilel
human.being»
I1 beg' to.
critic vmhozniay-make this
a.
assure
very natural
remark, than he has not thoroughly appres
headed the Scope and spirit of the
'
-
fEdiP1s -Iudaievs, Ifrefuceiv,
Testament.
_
P
Gldipus
tothe Qld
4-1
The, characters
Judaicus.
'cussion
are
"
Sun
:_
the twelve-
constellations;
nomer,
and
Caesar
we
nnder dis-
partly allegorical' and partly
Joshua is
historical."
now
warrior, andgthe
a
patriarchs
so
are
men,' and
Julius. Caesar is
theaiirst
sign
an
Astro-
of the Zodiac.
read, conquered the Gauls;
the Britons, the Germans, the Spaniards,
the Romans, the
of Pontius.
Egyptians, and thepeople
Thzse
names
will include, i£I
lnistake not, nearly all, his conquests, This
Subject. is too. extensiawe to: al1ow~1ne.to.entsr
into the dMl,
I shall; briciiy- prQMe,Wh&$
the hene.vqlcnt.» reader will rejoice ta hear,
that hhoso peoplcrwene mob conquered and
murdere51;.by, Caesar:
much. less
his invasion
was
oil a
appalling-nature, beingcopiined
the peaceable alizenation of the, alma'
nacs of the poor
ignorant Tsabaists.
to
`
'42
Gaul,
Gallia.
or
from '71, the
The word is derived
revolving sphere,
or
heavens,
and Ai, which in the old Ammonian lau-
always signified a district; hence it
added to_ the names of places; hence
guage
was
too,
as
(vol.'i. p. 90.)
so
erroneously supposed
to
Bryant observes,
many
places
have
a
are
plural
termination,
Patrai, Amyclai.
Sometimes,
it is made
present instance,
]Ethiopia',
Oropia,
Gallia therefore,
as
is
to'
in the
short,
as
in
The word
the district where
worshippedf
typically
commentaries imputed
Athenai,
as
&c. &c.
signilies
the Heavens were
position,
as
to
Much
op-
related in the
Caesar,
,
was
made
the introduction of the reformed Ca-
lendar;
as at
A
butf in
vain;
Knowledge then,
present,-was more_ powverful
dition, Ignorance, and Fable.
than Tra-
`
43
V
From Gaul Caesar
,
proceeded to
Few words have
given
Etymologists
that
the
as
difiiculty
ignorance
has
of the
Britain.
much trouble to
so
of Britain.
arisen solely
from their
of Tsabaism.
universality
It may be thus derived.
I think
Albion, Ai,
the
prefixed, as
Ammonian word for land,
Egypt (Ai-gupt);
instead of
in all other eases.
Hence Ai, 1:15 the land
postfixed,
as
of the
f
moon, where they worshipped the
moon. The word 1:5 signifies white, ,from
..
silvery appearance of* the
the
moon.
Hence
theabsurd, though popular notion
of the
white cliH`s.
Britain
ry
'
_
fron: 'ms
ii
free,
ain, the solar fountain.
that' its
the
1
(vide inii'a,) and
One
signifying
_inhabitants worshipped fthe istars,
other, that they
Both words
were
worshipped'
united,
to shew
the sun,
they pro-
þÿf¢§S0 ¬l_the Tsabaism of the surrounding
nations.
»
Caesar
could
these
not make
their
reform their Calendars:
obstinacy
people
inflexible
is commemorated in the story of
t
his defeat.
.
This defeat
gorical
are
tale of
caused
by
related,
was
a
moon.
anive at the real
history.
the
the moon,
Reformer
unable to, introduce his
This
part- of
confirmed
by
0
my
the
new
the
Through
people who
worship. of
attached to the
peculiarly
alle-
Hence we may
influence of those beach of the
Were
an
These tides
tide.
spring
the
in
rendered
was
/Almanac.
discovery is singularly
experience
of the last
-
.
.
.
-
----.fȢ~--sl---
~-
Our
hundred years.
Calendar, from the
hereditary,
aversion to
teristic of
our
change,
so
countrymen, #has
reformed an wnhin this
The
Germans 'were
-
~..»~.q
characbeen
not
period.
objects of
the next
our
Legislatofs-aittention. Their name is derived
from either rm to meditate upon, or from
dwell in any
HJ to
a
wanderer
thet
or
place
for
-a
short time,
stranger; and
the
un.
as
epi-
given among the Eastern nations to the
material heavens,
ings;
as-thedispensersof bless.
the same word,
Arabians,
as
and 1 have
of _Mona, the antient
the Monah of the
no
doubt the
name
of
origin
Anglesey.
The Germans were accustomed to wander
from
to
one
part of their
observe with
country to
more accuracy
ances ofthe heavens ;l
Helvetii and others
thus
we
leaving
another,
the appear-
read
of the
their homes;
`
_
46
and Ariovistus tells Caesar
b. 1. p.
36) that fourteen years had elapsed
had dwelt in roofed
since the Germans
houses
to
passionately
; so
having put
the Roman
mentswere
an
though
obstinate
they attached
Caesar did not
he is
end to their
incursions, on
so
powerful,
to
that
they could not
weretoo
and
proud,
This
receive his Almanacs.
implied by the expression,
fortunam tentandam
bello
represented
territory; that is, his argu-
resisthim; yet they
is
were
astronomical" studies.
conquer Germany,
as
(de bell. Gall.
Gallico), that
amplius
non
(book 5.
sect.
55. de
would argue
is, they
i
'
4
the point no longer.
He invaded
antient
tive of
names
Spain. Hispania, one
of this country, is
thesuperstition
the title of Jebusite,
of its
as
of the
descrip-
inhabitants,
Amorite, or Hittite,
as
of
_
.__-cf
.....~¢
T.-...f
.-»=;-_-a-.¢a.-<~'.;.,.;_..,.._..,_¢-<_a-
47
-
the
Tsabaism
rived from
me
Ol
Es.
or
the celebrated
Ammonian,
tain
of Canaan.
ur,
nounced As,
and
;
,.._;;,.»u-_-
(the
Egyptian
_or
Hispania
is de-
fire;
pro-
light
or
Is, with
word An,
the ~Aspirate;
En, or Ain, the
Cuthite radical
same as
za, 17J7»B»
for
a
foun-
the Hebrew ry.) with-the
mt.
It
means
.evidently
the fountain of fire, and describes ,their~
Tsabaism.
V
.
After much civil war, Cwsar is said to
have become
_masterof Rome.
be understood
literally,
we
recei-ve in theirrliteral sense,
the
fact,
or
perfectibility
may likewise
theaccounts
Both are
of Moses and Joshua.
matters of
If this is to
equally
equally allegorical."
of human nature, I
mention the. fact with
consunimating. nWe
delight,
are
no
is
But
again
rapidly
longer. toybe
by such narrativesr, :Rome
imposed
upon
itself is
allegorical.
It is derived from
`
'
48
:nh
modern Jews must be wrong to
(the
speu the
word
otherwise)
violently moved,
quered
the
to
to
agime,
Caesar
thunder.
reform
the Calendar. -This
of the word
'
agitations
explanation
crossing
examining with candor,
the
impartiality,
army
con-
Rome, will receive additional
confirmation from
and
of
history
the Rubicon.
Csesar's
~
_
The 'passage of the Jordan is 'shewn
Sir William Drummond
cutting
of the
Equator
to
as
Serpent ;"
roglyphic
much
it
it 'does in
which
we
opening of
in He~
signify
Chaldee,
by
the
denote
and the
the year; because rn' may
brew,
'be
city called Rome, by compelling
them among the moat violent
to
to
"
the
well know is
great
an
hie-
for the 7Sun's annual orbit.
How
is the Rubicon the Sunis
path:
more
being evidently
derived from
an
the
49
_
multitude, '13¢, the.Ammonian, Egyptian,
and
~Universal,~.epithet
the Sun.; the
what
into
nual
can
for
great;
multitude," of the great,
Sim;
-the multitude-of the great Sun,
_which-the Rampasses be,
path
but his
an-
throxigh the zodiac?"
From Rome, after he had
instructed the
izenedto
and Dv.
Caesar has-
people there,
Egypt.
suiiiciently
The circumstances of the
expedition
to that
typical,
the narrative of the *capture of
as
Jericho.
I have
plaoe,_are
time-only
few.
certainly
as
to
mention a
»
By his previoué exertions,
we
may sup-
-pose, that the fame of this-celebrated Re-
_fbrmerof Calendars, and Maker of Almanacs, wee
widely extended.
tians froni the earliest
The Egyp-
antiquity had
been
'
(Edip.
"
,
'_
D,
56
»
eminent 'for their
They
ledge,
ries
were
their
yet
;
Science, and Literaturea
for their know-
distinguished
philosophy,
even
and
theirmystei
its'pre-A
this nation; with all
and science,
judicesg .pride,
the induence .of Caesar,
by
Alinanac, and rectifying
the
submitted
to
adopting'
his
of their
errors
`
previous
calculations.
Caesar is said
"'
of
Pompey.
to
~~Mr.
have been the great rival
Bryant
has
beautifully
"explained to5us the meaning of
He is
commonly .supposed
general;
was
A
~
the most ancient God of the
Every
one
Egypt,
the
have
lizing
been
Egyptians.
must remember that the rq-
and
is said to have taken
appealed
and* hiss
for
ministers.
refuge
protection
g
l
.Z
.`
'
,
'.
l
_
,
_x
to
kneiv
They
,
'
a
whereas I will venture to assert-he
puted'Pompey
in
.to
this name;
_Sl
_
I
_
that Caesar would follow,-and
to' avert
the
.impending danger, Pompey was, ordered
be put to death.
to
,
_
'
The
name
Pompey is compounded
"Egyptian prefix
for the
an
Sun, the
oracle.
P
;
of the
Om, the ancient word
same
as
Ham; and "Phi,
The oracle, says
Bryant,
was
termed Omphi; it was expressed P'Qmphi,
or
P'Ompi; whence the 1I°,u.1r-4 of the
-G-reeks,
and the word' 1Iap.»-umg, the saine
asgPompei`us,
divine
.which
inHuence.'
-well known to
on
was
When it was
cer»
Egypt,
he
wascoming,
and his ministers met,
the
to
*They considered the
merits.,
the
deliberate
reception they 'should give
ands the freal
to
The fame of Caesar
tainly understood that
king
related
.always
him.
claims of their God,
of
smiperstition.. ]Pompey,.
_the
'
Tsabaistical
the former ,zobject
,
of their
worship,
is
pathetically described,
life.
of the Sun ceased
P'Omphi,
or
P'Ompi,
for' his
pleading
as
But the voice of truth
worship
and
emblematically,
his oracles, the
;
or
the
prevailed;
Pompey,
which
i
they
had venerated, 'were silenced; and
Cwsar
without
some
which he
soon overcame.
The above
portion-
to Egypt, though not
opposition of the Tsabaists,
welcomed
was
of
-
of this obscure
explanation
history,
just apprehension
is authenticated
of his
addresses
to
by
Cleo-
patra, the meaning of which word,
must
now
This
take
into
in the
same
EL, Uc,
manner
the
we
consideration.
supposed Queen
allegorical emblem.
a.
Egypt Wi!! BD
name is derived
of
The
as lux, from 110109,
great sun (vide
Ol'
Bryant-)
.53
As the
first
E, is
omitted
syllable ;
name
~so
in this instance
is the
U,
omitted in the
The word is
Cleopatra.
Ammonian, from UC, 'T5¢,
the Sun
;
Patera,
or
honor, 'which did
the
Sun,
completely
with EL
up
and the celebrated word
Petora,
but
an
not attribute
divinity
only Br certain degree
on
this
subject
lected from Bryant, vol. i.
Petra,
title of
Ammon-ian
rior veneration and respect.
information
in the
to
of supe-
Much curious
may be col-
283, &c.
I
'
`
.7
`
The clear definition of
tra,
was
absolutely
tion of this
was
an
this
word
the
elucida-
narrative.
Caesar
essential to
mysterious
admirable politician.
_
and his ministers had consented
the Pomphiworship ;
regret the abrupt
been done.
In
Cleopa.
The
to
king
destroy
and Caesar affected to
manner
in which it had
return for their ready com-
,
54
p
with his'
pliance
projected innovation,
carried this affectation
extent.
He
.
regard
to
so
to
professed
still
a
his
greater
notions,
he
supposed
he could overrule to
useful
purposes.
This is alluded to
as
and
esteem
much of their former
'he
more
in
the
avowal
of his attachment
which is
evidently an acknowledgment, that
he considered
P'0mpi,
an
Patora,
or
tion;
the
as
no
longer
their veneral
to
the
of the seasons,
controller
of
blessings,
of
so
and the
calendar
completely
without
said to have
meaning
had
more
a
Son
He
in this
ingeni-
dilficulty.
new
'He
is
by Cleopatra: the
of which is, that he continued
_Patorahf homage
»-`l|°-~°-
best
its maker.
Enesse, that he established his
ous
to be
Patra, entitled
representation
succeeded
the
Sun, though
Cleopatra,
object of worship, yet still
dispenser
visible
the
to
to the
.nl-...__
Sun,
blended
.111
,
--v
»--,_-1---1----v-u~.._r-f~.».-...ff
f-
55
»
1vith~,t-he improvements he
into the almanacs of' the
well' know, if other'
the
good effects
so~_long~ perpetuated;
that
of
.Alexandria,
among' the
general .reign
the time of the
Pontus was
'word
a
the
was
light
».were
the-library
_and
preserved=
,were
ignorance tillf
of
Caliphs..
.
.
Caesar., The
compound' of
P, and the celebrated On,
king
teaching
conquered' by
Pbntus is
and we
proofwere wanting, that
his»,
Schools
had introduced*
Egyptians F;
tof
_
@¢
or
9,
the
_pljeiixa
and W. Its
Pharnaces ;,_that is, ,the Rulerof
; an
epithet of the
same
.pompous
and magnificent description
usually, assumed
by oriental monarchs. The
word
is
derived from
Pharnacés
B, and 'nm with the
addition of Anac,
common
the most ancient title
given; to sovereigns. Pontus. was a-seat of
the Tsabaistical superstition ; and the fame
t
`
56
of
.
Caesar, his knowledge, and eloquence,
persuaded the king at the first conference,
Caesar
top _adopt the Roman Almanac.
expended 'very little time in the promulgation and establishment of his
and it is to this
success
and
'
rapiditgr of his astronomical
emphatic words-veni, vidi,
Astronomer,
to refer
the mode of'
nation.
to the
the
to
-'
illustrious
'alteration in
time.
I
shall
additionahcircumstancm;
history
'of his assassi-
'
~
~
_
Julius Caesar is
a crown
p_
calculating
add two
proceed
this
of
conquest
vici.
I could prove every
same manner
supposed
merely
calendar;
that he refers in those welkknown;
In the
and
new
of laurel:
reported
He
was
reputed Emperors upon
to have worn
the first of' the
whom this honor
57
was
~'
said to have been
An allusion
senate.
tothe decoration
on
by
conferred
seems
the
the
here to be made
head
of the
Ram,
méntionedl by Eusebius, and referred to, in
page 85 of the
_
Caesar
(Edipus Judaicus.
triumphed
five
sover
Joshua subdued ~five
kings
of
'
nations;
the~Arno-
rites:
Sir William Drummond shews that
these
kings
and
such
were
no
'five inzercalstede days;
doubt,
were
Caesar.
conquered by
=
the=five nations
The circumstance
alluded' to in both .histories
the same.
The
rical
trees'
_
f
being evidently
';
»
assassination of Cmsar,
as
careers
r
'other incidentslin his
Many
are
is
as
mysterious
writers have asserted"that
symbols-
of'-fthe 'starry *hasta
and: Sir :William Drummond has'
,,
allego-
.
quoted
ss_
many authorities to confirm this assertion.
They
have
repaid the obligation by enabling
him to prove that the Amorites who dwelt
in Hazezou
Tamar,
were
of Caesar;
It is
that
even
never
we
say,
murderers
remarkable fact,
now,when we talk
ed assassination,
sius ;
very
or
Brutus
be the
said to
a
Lambs,
branches.
teachers, but upper
and Cassius
not
were
of this suppes-t
Brutus, and Cas-
Cassius, and Brutus;
a
custom,
not
merely arbitrary, but one corrupted from
the
traditionary words which were originally
used] to describe this event.
derived from
mn
a_ cypress tree, whence
the Latin' word
.Brutus
Cassius from wp
to
by one., It_
seems
singular phrase
semble
one
by
a
collect,
at
to say,
one;
tion is, that the
Brutus is
sign
or
first
assemble one
sight
most
the
ass
significa-
Ram becomes
Y
_
a
the cypresses
but the real
of
and
cypress;
59'
invisible
when the other
only,
above
gradually 'appeared
they
seem
word
ma,
was
though
assemble
to
which
stars
horizoni
the
by
one
have
The
one.
corrupted into Brutus,
was
used
always
n
the nominative, and
as
the formuof the expression
was
re-
was my
tained, its meaning`was -lost ; till it
`
good fortune
to recover
it.
Among other phrases
adopted by Suetonius to
meaning,
the
Brutus when
'is
'among
struck,
the
conceal
used
been
his-real
by 'Cmsar to
in the Senate
house,
enigmatical.
The
most
at
the f Elen-
mysteries, konx,'om, panx, were
understood by
shewed it
.sion
'
which have
words- used
'well-known
sinian
expression
'
A
was
none
'till'
Captain
pure Sanscrit;
in question,
was
so
handed
Wilford
the expresdown
`-by
Suetonius: ,and has been since
tradition.-
/
.
`
so
_
received in
acceptation totally distinct
an
from its original
thy
signification
:
and it is
of remark, that Suetonius
more
than his usual caution, when
found in the 82nd
section-quidam
derunt, Marco Bruto
irruente
originated
Brute.
the
to
is
Apocryphal story of, Et`tu
How
strangely
considered
pure
have the world
a
allusion to the
change
from Aries, to Pisces,
ment of the year.
mt:
-
so
simple Greek sentence,
Hebrew, and contains
f
xai
which
been deceived! This expression, though
long
be
tradi-
dixisse,
From
Exdvwv, nal fb rixvov.
with
he relates
It is
the supposed assassination.
vb ¢Z
speaks
wor-
an indirect
of the Sun's
at the
place
commence-
It may be thus read:
..mpn~|zrnn:.mr:':a~n1v`mz:
This word is here
though' unusual,
used
proves
in
the
kal, which,
very
great
51.
meaning is,
to
bruise,
conquering
down the
beat,
or
It refers to the
down.
the
phrase. :Its .primary
of the
antiquity
_
manner
Ram butts
in which
against, or
opposing constellations;
scribed in the
break
or
beats
de#-
as
(Edipus J udaicus.
'
-
i
TU even or
equal
,
,
to: from mv to be made
toany thing.
5
_
Alas!
*rv
v:>*:|` in
length
that is the solar sys-
the system;
The
tem,
at
equal
.
2
has been
changed into
v, and
into the accent.
~~
-Jw
.
.
»
_
_
,
V
I
IN
the
a
very celebrated
C'hon,
or
On
.nv
epithet
for the Sun,
of the
Ammonian,
Oriental, and Jewish nations ;
is
frequently
_
_
omitted in all
the
aspirate
languages, Q
62
As the
'appeal
of the
personified
posed murderer,
is
sentence
whole
the
tyvo
pathetic
Ram to his sup*
first
usual in passages of great
`
a
words,
is
as
pathos, are
re»
'
peated.
_
The last word is
the
at
pn
and it
in
signifies,
The word nz On, is added
regulation.
the end of the second, as at the 'end of
the first clause of the sentence,
merely
for
'
'
effect.
_
In
erery
this minute
giving
syllable,
I
am
only
my determination to be
possible.
whole
We
phrase
is
must
an
explanation
anxious to
remember
that
~
translated.
Must I,
as
the
eirpostulation. It may
'
be thus
of
prove
accurate
as
S
the-conqueror
~
f
'
of the constella¢
,
.-¢-~..-._.-»~»..,._¢.,_._.,..¢._.---1-gQ--_...___..__
~,
63
"tions, be made equal (to other signs) in the
Zodiacal system:
must I alas!
equal in the; regulation?
the
be
made
Or i-n other
nrords,
expression of Cwsar to Brutus,
does not
mean, Thou too Brutus, art thou among
the .assassins of Cmsar!
Must I, the
be made
equal
I claim
covery.
sign
no
I
to the fishes?
merit for this
am,
to
myf
beg
William
initiation into
mysteries;
him I
dis-
astonishing
indebted to Sir
interesting
teacher, and
meaning is,
of the Ram, must I alas!
Drummond alone, for
these
The
to
He is my
the
submit
`
`
honor. of my reader's'conviction.'
5
'
II.
Augustus-Joseph-Taurus.
-40-3-Cir
,
Wu EN I commenced the attempt to shew
-
me
identity
acal
signs,
of the
I
now
deficiency
thezsdi.
there would
of proof.
I
am
anxious to compress within the
only
shortest
a
with
apprehensive
was
be sometimes
scams,
possible
compass,
the
accumu-
lated materials which press upon
I
me.
have said suiiicient to explain the system of
interpretation, by
sense
of
History
pede Herculem,
means
of
which the real
may be discovered.
shall
now
Ex
be my motto,
and I will endeavor to be brief in the
A
subsequent
.
Joseph
detail.
is
proved
description given
to be Taurus
from the
of him in the 22d
verse
465g
of.Gen._ 49,
as-
newly translated by Sir
William.Drummond. The passage which in
is
translation
our
fruitful.bough,,
well,
&c.,
even
end°
to the.
Josephf is' a
fruitful. bough by a
a
whose branches
,
"
read,~
run over
awa-ll," &c.
of verse.26 ;` Sir William
translates-" A;Son of a.Cow, is
a`Son
walk
of
The Benoth
Cow beside Ain.
a'
the .Archers have
upon the ~Bull,'
'
sorely grieved him,"
Joseph-;
&c. &c., and from the
wordsthusl translated,
Joseph
is
proved 'to
'
be'Taurus.=
From
ranted
a
by
.
similar form of
the Roman
identify Augustus
A.Son .of.
cow
'
expression,
historians; I 'shall
with the
a cow
is
same
Joseph,
a
sign.
Son
beside Ain.
'
e
_
6Edip.
(Edip. Juti.
war-
p. 88.
_
E
of
a
66
_Q
Augustus 'was
_.
the Son of Octavius ; that
.is, the Great Bull, Ox,
thologyeither' word
or
Cow, for in My-
may be used. The word
Ootavius is compounded of the Egyptian, or
Ammonian
so
Tn, q,
frequently
or
or
eminent,
iaboveg
and -the
pn; great
mentioned
celebrated word discussed by Bryant, which
is
variously spelt, Tar, Tor, Tau,
wh ce is
derived Tunis, Tvpng, Taping, Ibpng, Tawqog,
and Taurus; Tau
was
changed
with the
termination ius, according
Roman
custom.
tav,
or
Qctavius
Hence
Tav,
into
Oc-tau,
the
to
Oc-
or
the great Bull.
`
More decisive confirmation of the§fact is
to be
found in the' name -of his
mother. Augustus 'was
or
Acca ; the
aspirate
reputed
the Son ,of
has
Accia,
been strangely
omitted; the proper reading is Vacca,
Cow;
a
Son of
a
Cow,
is
Augustus.
.
a
»
67
_,
`
with
Augustus,
from the
be found
in
given
cause
was
is to
accuratelyiunderstanding
It is
from the
or
evidently
derived
from the old Ammo-
Chaldee
1mn,Thurin,
nian, -the
root of the
Oxon,
Beeves; fThur, says
_or
was
why this title
the word itself.
Chaldee,
which
The real
Augustus.
only
of
Suetonius" furnishes
infancy;
us with several reasons
to
identity
may be derived
Taurus,
epithet Thurinus,
to him in his
assigned
the
of
'Further evidence
quoting from Brooke's
Natural
Parkhurst,
History,
'is
still the Lithuanian name for the Urns, or
wild
~
°
Bull._
_
Augustus therefore,
sign Taurus;
.
because
Octaavius, and Acciiir
like
lie
and-
Joseph,
wasthe
was the Son of
was
called Thu-
rinusi he was the"Soh ofthe Bull, andthe
Cow, :and wamhimselficalled an Ox; all _of
,
68
which
epithets
used to
were
describe the
i
sign
"
Taurus.
Beside 'Ain."
this star
of the
am
but among the Roman
was
called
Drum-
these words,
Aldebaran; I
star
opinion:
William
by
understands
mond
great
~Sir
the
same
historians,
Antony.
_We know that Aldebaran is in .the head
It is
of the Bull.
Ain-al-tor;
being
but
or
an
manac, &c.
now
more
some
discovered, the
be
"An-ton, instead
tion in
both
Ainton,
or
light, and
cases
as
Al-koran,
of
Al
Al-
cannot
chaniged into
error, which
R
was
therefore
N: and the word
or
properly, Ain-tor,
article,
By
the Arabians
called by
was
read Ain
Autor, the termina-
being
of no
consequence.
Anton, signifies the fountain of
is ap very
appropriate name for
,
59,
this star. When.
first
Augustus
was
prosecuted hisclaims,
he
said' to~ have
was
assisted
by Antony ; that is, before-the whole body
of the constellation' became visible, it
chiefiy distinguished: by the
or
When Augustus'
An-ton.
better
star
established,
quered Antony,
the whole
'he
or
was
Aldebaran,
power
was
is said to have
con-
An-ton, that is, when
`
body
of the constellation
ap-
peared altogether above the horizon, it was
more worthy ofadmi`ration,than when it
was
noticed
'only for_one beautiful
not
however
_Sir
William
speak decidedly
;
star.
because,
Drummond observes,
most ungenerous
advantage
~
will
As the
"
the
'
The Benoth walk
(Edipus J udaicus
"
as
be taken
of my blunders."
Again,
I will
on
the
Bull."
recommends to
our observation the simplicity of Scripture,
`
70
so
would I direct the attention of my reader
to the
same
excellence in the Roman his-
can
If I
torians.
set aside their
and ascertain
but
which
are
we
to
fact,
tlfeirnreal meaning, ihe
will
discoveries prepared
We know that the
called the Succoth
em the back of the Bull. If
Bull,
upon him
matters 'of
apparent
be astonished at the
for him..
prevail
Pleiades,
Benoth,
are
August-us
is the
shall ofcourse expect to End
some
mention in the Historians of the Pleiades.
If
we
search for any account of the Suc-
coth Benoth, in the
in
plain
terms,
it is related
original
we
only in
strain of
history
shall be
Augustus
disappointed ;
the most beautiful, fand
metaphor
ber to have read.
When
of
I
ever
remenii-
.
Augustussecured his_ power,
said to have
published
a
he is
decree for the
en-
'
»
,
,
71,
couragement of marriage, with
restorethe losses of the civil
word
nu:
proereate
war.
Now the
Benoth is derived from
mn
to
Succoth is
overspread,
to cover, to
defend,
or
V'
rnao
children; and
derived from 'na to
protect,
view to
a
as
laws _defend
or
overspreads
the
protect, or as a pavilion
people within it. That is, the laws which
were
made to`
supply
were
protect the marriages
the state with
supposed
or
and which
to be
when in his full
Pleiades,
children,
to
published by Augustus
power, are in reality the
Succoth Benoth,
of the Bull.
on
the back
-
r
By the Archers in
the
passage now under
consideration, I understand with Sir William, the sign
ingly typified
Sagittarius,
which is
pleasf
in the Roman Historians, and
in the Odes of Horace, under the
appella~
,
72d
-
tion ,,of Parthians:
who
represented armed with
Other
time to.
proofs might
proceed
are
uniformly
arrows.
be
adduced, but
to Tiberius.~
it is
iTiberius-Benjamin-Gemini.
III.
i
BENJAMIN
wolf:
the
is described
ravening
as
a
if this alone would prove 'him to be
sign Gemini,
more propriety,
we
might
apply, even with
this argument to
with the same sign.
Tiberius
identify
_
The word Tiberius is derived either from
:nf
a
wolf, or 'iJD»
elevated
(vide
part of the land,
the
Analysis,
&c. &c.
°H»¢¢Ms',
meaning
Faber's
&c.)
or
or
of
mn
or
the Zodiac;
of opoamg,
Origin
from
the higher,
Bryant's-
Pagan Idolatry;
excellence;
either
of which will prove him' to have been the
sign
Gemini.
'
;
»
74,
°
He
was
evidently
He
people.
a
wolf to the
Roman
be called um, from his
might
unexpected elevation to the supreme power;
attained
that is, the Twins appear to have
their greatest
He
might
height
in the
be called
NWI
of his station; the word
allude to the
summer
vation,
beauty,
months.
summer
solstice.
from the
splendor
appears
to
and
me
to
of the
splendor
I incline to the first deri-
though it is
not
the
most accurate;
Suetonius represents Tiberius
ravening
as
'
a
wolf, in
I
-was
a
iinestrain of allegory.
fearful of meeting
with
some
dim-
culty' in proving that
one individual could-
be considered
double -constellation.
This
objection
as
a
is removed
tion, that Tiberius 'is said
by the recollecto have
reigned
some
years with
count
they were partly united inthe imagi-
Augustus,
nations of the astronomers.
on
which
ac-
,
--._.»-_-:..,ii.i¢.
_
V
l
IV.
Crvligula-Isaaehar-Cancer.
'
iilli
CALIGULA
is
Cancer.
The
common
people,
who had lost the original
of we
were Caligula, 'imagined'
meant
em in
little boot, and invented the ab-
a
surd story related
by Tacitus and Suebonius,
of an infant wearing
please
to
meaning
a
small
military
sandal
the soldiers, who named him
the occasion
"Caligu}a.
tradition is the
This
on
Apocryphai
offspring ofa later age; the
`
original signification
Among
the embleinsin the
Calendar of the
the
sign
however 'is evident.
Egyptians,
Cancer is puer
Astrological
which describe
sedens; Caligula,
,
76
when shewn to the soldiers,
in his Nurse's
sitting
was
to
be
Connect this
arms.
coincidence with the
said
original meaning
of
Caliga,
and
primitive
lan-'
guage.
'Cala, Calah, Calach, Cali,
and
Caligula,
in the
composition signify eminent,
Cal,
in
most
lofty:
and Ca,
or
Ga,
or
Gau, it
or
may
either, means a house, or mansion,
(vide Bryant.) Caliga therefore is Calah-
be
Gan, the
but
most
lofty mansion.
time in
lose
accurately
this
attempting
Sun, in
'highest
the summer
strange omission" the
EL, the Sun,
Caliga,
was
mansion of the
months, By
name of
the
some
AL
or
omitted inthe' word
and the veneration of the idolatrous
Tsabaists' inserted it
riod;
to prove how
describes the situ-
epithet
ation of Cancer, the
We should
hence' the
at
a
subsequent
compound'
pe-
Cali-Ga-
,...-.1-¢~.¢.,».
..1-.::-
.......a.2&..~.._..~'~'-¢
l
,-~.»
A
,..¢»~»-i.-~,......-.-
77
AL,
EI),
or
or
_
the most
Galigula,
lofty
niansion of the Sun.
He
was
I have
wvord
already
the son
Gerrnanicns.
the meaning oi' the
shewn
iéermany,
of
and
Germanicus
is
evi-
derived fromthe
same
root,' Meni
Heavens, and Ger,
or WJ
to
dently
the
said to be
plate,
to
be attached to.
Tacitusso
Germanicus,
beautifully relates,
of the soldiers; that is,
contem~
was
as
the idol
they were attached,
worship of the,Heavens, the parent
of the constellations in general,--but parto the
ticularly of Cancer, the
most
1
elevated in
`
the
Northern_hemisphere._
"Time
Asses in
we
Greeks (p. 22. (Ed.Jud.)
placed two
the _sign of Cancer, and near them
find the asterisui called Pra-:sepe,_or the
manger.
It will be
observed
that the He-
,
.78
brew words
Ummm rn
pw should
not be
translated, couching down between
burthens; but
partitions,"
'two
separate the stalls
in
a
two
such
stable."
as
.
_
This is the very translation /most satis-
factory
ditional
to
the reader who wishes for
proof
that
Caligula
was
an
ad-
Cancer.
The several asterisms of the constellations
typically described
are
under the
of matter-oflfact histories.
of the Ass is
represented,
disguise
The asterism
in the
Egyptian
Calendar, under the- form of a horse. -Thus
-End among the emblems' selected
we
Sir William
Equus
and
Drummond, Equus
liber
Equus 'equam
emblems;ai'e'selected
lar
mixture of
in
vagans
fraenatus,
campestribus,
insiliens:
to
by
and these
'exhibit the
singu-
rest and labor, "of indolence
,
__,-
.,...¢-1-qv
»
_
,,.
79
'
~
and activity, which
the
_
0
_
are
_
_
alike descriptive
state of labor induced
of
by summer, with
i
of repose after that
theconsequent necessity
labor, and of the union of indolence and
activity typically related
But if we
allegorical Caligula.
star,
one
with
or one
real
obtain at
diliiculty.
for
an
fact fin the life of the
personage vie discuss,
once
Substituting
therefore
partitions,"
as
"
we
a
horse
and trans-
sign Cancer;
lating the phrase in question,
~
of every
explanation
an
ass, in the
tween two
can" identify
asterismi of a. constellation,
any asserted
supposed
in the life of the
coaching be-
Sir William Drum#-
mond translates it; 'keeping in view
at
the
'same time the station- of the 'horse in the
heavens, that it is in the highest part of the_
highest sign,
of
we
arrive at the true
the_Apocryphal
gula
meaning
story, respecting Cali~
and his horse.
4
_
,
A
____,»..».|».
,
8O`
We
_
discover the
Constellation
to_
the
which
was
.the most
The two
apartments said
;'. and
its
partitions
to have
couching
labor. Such
are
been
the sign
the marble
built for the
down is
typical
of
thehorse itself is tyare
the triumphs of
Coincidence and Etymology,
opinions,
asterism,
the
distinguished in
repose in summer,-while
pical of the
be the
the horse. was to be elevated
:»
Cousnlsbip, typifying
Cancer.
horse
Emperor- to
and the records of
received
over
history.
I add
thewords of Dion Cassius, that my readers
may
perceive the great probability
correctness
of
impossible
that.
my
hypothesis,
for it is
the_.circumstances
tioned by tliis writer, could have
taken
place.
men-
actually
"Kal wh-5; éau-ra? ifpéi-rs, nal 1-bv
fnforov gruwspia éirfepauve."-Calig. §
"
of the
28.
Kal fra is 1'¢6'v frrmv iw 'I1xf1'arovpiv6p.a.§'e, ual
all
81
_
hr!
486.1909 iazaimz, xpua'6ig
'rs
aéfq? xp|9&g rapi-
Balm, nal ofvov iv xpwrofg Exvraipars a'po51r|n°
_
`
1
1
my
'rs
»
~
al
..
vw-mpuav qw-rou ua) 'r-qv -ruxqv a»|u.vus, ua)
rpovuvrsrxvsfro, ua) 51m-rov a&'r?w &1ro3|f§uv'
arciv-rw; :iv :cal
101710
i7l'EI'0|'£7¢l£,
:Z 1r7sfw
xpov?>v
-
iC'5>¢¢#»" &c.-Dion Cass. Calig. §
Gfdip.
~
xai
14.
F
.
Claudius-Judah-Leo.
V.
°-U33-lv
Q
CLAUDIUS is Leo.
nius
to have exerted
seem
this part of their
disguise
double veil of
allegory.
have
I
think
`
Tacitus and Sueto-
themselves to
theory
beneath
a
Yet I cannot but
discovered
the
long-con-
cealed truth, which I shall therefore submit to
the
world,
whatever be the oppo-
sition and clamor of illiberal and
men.
bigoted
~
In the first book of his annals, Tacitus
informs
us
that the
been falsified.
ac
History of Claudius has
Tiberii, Caiique, et CLAUD1 I,
Neronis res, fiorentibus
ipsis,
ob metum
Etta:---._
___
~
83
l
_
1
falsas;
odiis
postquanil
compositae
reasons we
very
occiderant,
sunt.
have
(sect. 1.) With these
nothing
dot they
to
ingenious, and completely
historian's
but
design ;
recentibus
answer
object
our
are
the
is to
'
4
penetrate through this artful disguise. The
History
of
corrupted,
Claudius
and the
cumstance enables
mystery;
knowledge of this cirus to unravel the whole
the
is
of
a
much unlike
But
received
he
are
a
Lion:
of
tradition
as
truth.
as
the
weak, tame,
and inactive: in
spiritless, nerveless,
possible.
contrast
represented by
iveryvopposite
as
been, falsified and
,
Falsehood
Claudius is
has
short,
Lion in every respect
as
the accounts-we have
false, it evidently follows that
wasnot weak, and tame, and spiritless;
and if he
was
not
these,
then he
must
,
84'
_
haverbeen
spirited, energetic,
his emblem the Lion
as
sented
and
:
~
and active,
isuniformly
strict examination
on
find this argument. most
lightly,
to be
light,
said by tradition to
when Leo
filled
now
us
the Sun
»
,
occupied
though
was;
highest honor,
The
the
Sunnis
at
place, which
Sir William assures
'that `time 'held
more
e
in _the
and this honor is referred to
shall
praise ;"
art
"
he whom
thy hand _shall
be'on the neck of all thine enemies."
that Claudius
proofs
`to
but I shall not
by the expressions "thou
thy brethren
shine,
have been at its _utmost
by Cancer;
insist upon this,
to
,whence the. word
"n'>p, the origin of» Claudius.
is
`
U
Hisxname is derived from rbp.
height
con`
`
firmed.
move
wg shall
singularly
'
.
repre-
was
Leo
are
Our
much
decisive.
~
~»~»-»_~s~_s
or
85"
"The
saysmy
tied
by
progresstof the Sun through Leo,"
learned
the
master,T
"
is
words, Judah is a'Lion's whelpf:
from the prey, my son, thou
he
stooped down,
and
as an
clearly`_typi».
tart
he couched
gone, up;
as
a
Lion,
'
old Lion."
»
_
,
'
2
'
.
'
'The 'chief characteristic ofa Lion is, that
it watches for its prey, it couches
if to aim with greater
anditorseize it more
certainty at
surely.
down,
its
as
object,
It is slow and
cautious before it acts, and it then acts with
resistless effect and terror.
'conduct of Claudius.
been hesitating, and
Such
was
the
He is said..-to have
slow,"before he decided ;
in;other words, he -was cautious' as-a couchf
ing Lion; but after his decision his vengeance
was
prompt and effectual.
supposed
I refer to
conduct to ,Messalina, of _whom
Juvenal, Tacitus, and' others,
/
his
say very
,
86
scandalous
to
things :
criminals,
to
to
his
reputed cruelties
his
_conquest of Britain,
was long in
resolving to
which, though he
attempt, he accomplished with perseverance
and courage.
stances
and
are
All these
imaginary
typical of his lion-like character,
identify him
with the
the
appears whén in
that is, the Sun
begin to move slowly ;
given
of Claudius
the cha'racter
by Suetonius,
anima varietate fuit: modo
sagax:
He is
accepting
Leo to
et
Leo.
sign
said to have been slow in
empire;
circum#
"
Mira
circumspectus,
modo inconsultus,
et
przeceps;
nonnunquam frivolus, arnentique similis,"
is
exactly applicable
hungry, and satisfied ;
I would
Lion
have been
so
alternately
and if I had but time
all the
supposed life,
the matter-of-fact
_
a
proceed through
actions of his
they
to
allegorical
and tear away
disguise, under which
long imprisoned.
1
,
i
87
_
~
I shall make
left
on
part of
by
I
I
'have
me
some
venture
my creed with
even
completely
forgive
my
satisfy me, and
scruples.
of courteous
seems
I must in this, believe
language,
who have
and scholar-like
undertaken'
to
Sir William Drummond from the
of Mr.
To
mistaken, since those admirers
am
liberality,
the
identified with the system
Volney; though
that I
to
The evidence addu-
indeed, this part of his hypothesis
to be
old
ofthe predict»
not
my' teacher does not
I know he will
of
Patriarch Judah;
the subject
appearance of levity.
ced
Drummond's
blessing
Shiloh; and I _dare
treat this
the
his
candidly confess
prejudices
ed
the
son
on
on
of Jacob's
interpretation
supposed
observations
William
of Sir
remainder
must
no
D'Oyley
and
defend
censures
others, have asserted
that the theories of these great masters
'
1
asp
of
reasoning
Vindex,' Biblicus,
They
are
,
and
and
honorable men,
,worthy
the' same;
not
are
of
deserving
our
they have setan example
thepraetice'
of
onef
Candidiis,
of
and
'
_
are
of "credit,
admiration too:
to the world of
the-
most
difiicult
virtues, that of self-denial: for if they really
love
candor, mildness, propriety of 'laué
guage, and the noble
feelipgs of gentlemanly
controversialists,
rigidly have they prac-
tised this
virtue,
so
that not
a
trace.of these
exoellencies is discoverable from
ning
to
the
end
of their pages.
the begin-
1
VI.
Nero-Naphthali-Virgo.
-
-
,_
j-31
Sm WILLIAM proves N aphthali to be the
sign Virgo by
was
the
curious
a
represented by
,sign Virgo.
the
producing goodly
'
purposely omit
I
commentaries, &.c.
Naphthali
is
is
a
our
wrongly translated;
'Bochart
Naphthali
passage,
"
giveth goodly .words,"_
author conceivesfto be
with
A tree
Egyptians beside
The words
hind let loose, he
'aridagrees
syllogism.
a
in
tree
rendering
the
shooting forth,
branches :' from whence
all other
translations, explanations,
of all
writers from Lightfoot to
Bellamy. I may observe, that Lightfoofs brief summary
of
the
were
manner in
8Le.
which
the apparent predictions of Joseph
fulfilled , has been much admired.
'
Vol. I.
~Lightfoot's
'
works.
u
argues that
he
thali is
a
Virgo is
tree, and
a
tree, therefore valet
Naph-
consequentia.
/
It is
a-
peculiar excellence of Sir
Drummond's system, that
covers
new
not
interpretations,
William
only
dis-
but it makes
thoseinterpretations of general /and useful
application. In the passage before us however,`my hypothesis is equally confirmed
by the old and
informed, that Nero,
his
reign ,gave
excellence.
goodly
a
season :
_beginning
which
of
produces
gave expectations
like
are
promises 'of future
tree
branches, he
fruit in its
the
in
many fair
Like
We
translation.
new
a
fair
of
and beautiful
hind, he excited admiration/ by the youth
and
beauty of, his person
words to
the soldiers
he
;
gave goodly
and to the
people,
he wished to deserve, rather than to receive
the
praises
of the Senate, and
r
regretted
his
Q1
.
ability
of
signing his
name
to
a
list
of
malefactors.
The
_writers
these circumstances of
and
mysterious
who have related
Nero, proceed in the
consistent
manner
change of conduct.
to
nate, cruel,
most
strange and in-»
relate
a
pretended
He is said to have be-
debauched and
come
enigmatical
profligate;
eifemi-
infamous, and lascivious, inv
curring the public
hatred: the murderer of
his mother, his tutor, and his friends
length dying miserably
at
Phaon.
stories
to
The
are a
gardens of
collection of emblems, referring
identifying
Nero with
sign Virgo.
Virgo
which
is.
and
whole of these A pocryphal
astronomy, and
the
in the
;
once
nowy
iilled
l
in the Zodiac the
occupied by
place
Libra», It
was
`
first of the
thereforegthe
The ancients,
demonstrated,
as
the
descending signs.
'
the arch
Volney
has
considered the six last
signs
as
reign of Ahriman, winter, and
tion: and
were
dread of the
accustomed to express their
approaching dreariness, by
appellation of contempt
every
tion.
The
ble ;
that
and the
of
change
seasons
and detesta-
is
impercepti-
in which they
hopes
he had
Sun, though
the
desola-
descend, would still continue his
influences, prompted
themto
indulged,
begun
auspicious
consider the
commencement of his decline with
placency.
Hence
they represented
histories the
sign Virgo,
mises, which
were never
full of
branches, but
ing
ears
the.
joy
'
I
Vide
giving
fulfilled
;
in
com»
their
fair proas a
tree
without
of corn in her
of: harvest
as
to
fruit E as holdhand to signify that
was
Volney's Ruins
past, though the
of
Empires.
»
93
harvestweather
was
not
When all
these .fair
appointed,
when
entirely
promises
by.
gone
were
.dis-
storms and rain, and the
melancholy changes
of the
season
approached; /they spoke of
this
actually
sign
in the
contemptuous language, as the
murderess of mother, and the enemy of
most
a
mankind.
The
mysterious allusions
of this
part of the Roman history are thus fully
developed.
As the
sign Virgo began
with
fine weather, and ended with storms,
Nero is
ing
his
typically
career
in
described
as
commenc-
virtuefand closing it
vice.
in
'
I could confirm this
proving
neca,
so
that
interpretation
Agrippina,
Lucan, and others,
names,
descriptive
stellations
near
by
Britannicus, Sewere
Ammonian
of the stars and
Virgo: but I
must
con-
proceed.
,
_
I
forgot
from
to observe, that Nero is defived
the old word .13 to divide; the Zodiac
in the time of Nero
being
divided
'
Virgo.
,,
.f
im!
by
-__-__
-¢;»
VII.
-
_
e
-
Galba-A sher-Libra.
'
.
I
THB
ary
name
sense,
352,
a
Galba
one*
all
things
the chief
in
second-
a
It is derived from
who makes smooth,
Galba
was so
lore of justice, and
with
balance, 'that
historians,
signifies
inequalitiy.
no
esteemed for his
ing
_
the balance.
shaver,
permits
_
impartiality
according
or
much
weigh-
as
in
a
the! Roman
to
this virtue is said to have been
cause
of his elevation
to
the
I
empire.
"
~
In the account of the Indian
says`Sir
sphere,"
William Drummond, "under the
sign Libra,
I read as follows,
berna institoria in
foro,
'
Homo inta-
manu_ tenens
sta-
__-,
-»-1.».-._
.n-
,
96
teram ad
our
emendum et vendendum
author
more
i
applies to
Asher. It
plainly to describe
of Galbag'
that he
was
by favorites,
jnstice,
till he
sinated by the
was
much
exninent 'for his jusempire;
who
to
bought
enraged soldiery.
and
be go;
and sold
said to have been
/
.
which
seems
'submitted
verned
"
the cond uct related
tice before his elevation to the
that .he afterwards
:'
assas~
VIII.
,
Otlzo-
Dan-7S'corpi0,
11-l-;1_
Tal:
description of Scorpio in the words
of the
patriarchal blessing, apply 'so exactly
to the treachery of Otho, to Galba, that
_the
resemblance will
cerned
immediately dis-»
be
by every reader
Suebonius.
He
peror, and
as .an
Through
_heelsQ
murdered,
or
was
Tacitus and
serpent to his Em-
a
adder
his
of
biting the
means
his
resigned
horse's
Galba
place
was
in the
I
'
Zodiac.
This
_
similarity
between the traditions is
but a small part of the
the
the Roman
which enables
Emperor
with
signs Scorpio. The 'great starr in the
Cor-
to
us
proof,
identify
(Edzp.
Scorpii,
called
is
Antares, and is used
synonymously
with the
assertion may
excite
reader;'
appear,
itself:
sign
some
surprise
`I hope
to make
that Antares,
Dan, and
but
0|¢BDd the
word.;
it
this
in my
plainly
Otho,
are
'they
appmr to
be diffemnt on account of the
varietly in
same
the manner-of -pronouncing them; but
arelingroality
Eighteenth,
:une
;
_
as
much. one,
and 'Louis
individual.
beginning
be
changed
dentals.
the
are
.
ofthis
into
Louis the
Dix»hui1;,
By. the mlm of etymology,
the
as
they
hid 'down at
treatise, labials
labials;
T, D, and Th,
are
may
dentalsl into
there-
always
'
fore convertible.
Scorpio,
as
.
Sir William
esteemed anaccursed
sign,
has mhewn,
was
and the ancient
»
99h
astronomers
willing
to pronounce the
thought
a
among
the
very un-A
consequently
were
bad
-
name.
It
was
do. so. It was usual
avoid all mention of'
omen to
the Jews to
sacred tetragrammaton, in their exces-
veneration for the God of their fathers.
The Hindoos are still taught to meditate
sive
upon _the
in
even
,word Om
mystic
our
own
time,
of
English gentleman
respectable family,
tensions, decline
Napoleon
meditate
that
name,
the
and
his admiration
From
not
the
unusual
similar
we
import.
-
rather to
associated with
out
the
object
learn, that ~it
a
express
The
pre-
thegnameiofi
significant word
to avoid
and to
highest
choosing
pointing
these instances
altogether,
mention
perfections
by
seen any
great attaingnents,
Buonaparte;
on
have
we
and of the
to
Aum; and
or
particular
it'
by
of
Him.
was
word
another of
sign Scorpio
was
100A
'
known
the
;
"
Haec, ista, hoc, illud, says -Buxtorf."
The vowel
was
of
course
frequently
omit-
only retained.
ted and the
A
particle Da, this, or
the Chaldee
by
.Now if T, D, and Th, are the
.same
letter, we have only to get rid of' the prefixesand afiixes of the three words, and
we
shall find
identify
Otho.
all
them as
By
vowels
pleasure.
the
remaining
and the
one
another rule of
be
may
same.
Etymology,
dispensed
Consonants
strike oif the two
radical .will
only being
at
radical,
O's, and Th remains.
Dan. This is the
particle D, compound-
ed with the word An,
were all considered as
a
fountain. Thestars
fountains of light ; and
1
_
,with
`___V
VA
101
.y
_
the Chaldee pafticle being prefi xed, 'served
point
out
Scorpio,
wouldnnot allow
which
them to
"
other name, than
star."
It was
Antares.
(Bryant ;)
a
Arez
is the
a
of the
his ,course
was
prefix An,
the letter
"
have seen,
Sun,
means
The Star ofthe Sun"
y
or
to the
sign passed by
the Zodiac.
most
the Sun in
The
word
if you take away either the
the afHx Arez,
or
both; and
T, changed from the Chaldee D,
remains.
Thus
while
of the
a name
as we
star.
through
unchanged
original
rejected,
signiiication ; referring
accursed star
is
only
the
word is unaltered.
and An,
fountain,or
"
the fountain,"
variation
meaning of the
superstition
mention by 'any
and the An may be
phrase,
the
a
their
to
are
_
Antares, Dan, and Otho, con}
`
r
102
vertible terms: and
ing of one,
res
is the
weascertain the
Cor-Scorpii, ihe
Dan, therefore,
is
from the
Scorpio;
and
as
knowh mean-
others.
same as
Arita-
Scorpio
Sir William has shown
/Otho
is
Scorpio. Q.
E.
D.
`
X.
Vitellius-Sagittarius-Manasseh.
-3-3-;._.
þÿ' ¬Tun
sign
of
Sagittarius alone remains,"
(says Sir William Drummond)
seh: if I be
right in my
former
Icannot be mistaken in this:
already written
_so much
on
"
for Manas-
conjectures,
but
having
the standards
of the tribes, I shall leave it to the
ingenuity
It
have left
of my
unsaid
I
readers; to
on
beg
the
to be
supply
subject
of
what
Manasseh."
allowed the
I shall leave it to the
readers to discover
same
privilege.
ingenuity
why Vitellius
is
of my
Sagittaé
104,
rius ;
mgrely observing the name is derived
from 55, to cast down,
tarius
mist,
césts
as
the archer
Sagit-
down his arrows of 'm 'dew,
or snow
in
they
winter;
X.
'
`
Vespasian-Zelrulon-Capricorjn.
-it-c»~
'
I
CANNOT
Drummond
ence
but
has
regret,.that
placed
so
Kircher, who
on
Sir William
much-
depend-
is referred to
as an*
authority in almost every page; This author
was
a
fanciful
most
writer; voluminous,
incorrect, and led astray by vivid ~imagi4
nation. I. refer to Evclyn's`Memoirs, vol.
a
Ist,
to the
biographical dictionaries;
and
the list of his works, for further information.
Among other sublime productions,
the.Mundus
Subterraneus;
he -wrote
and he
has
been even suspected of tbrging, or inventing
facts and
circumstances,
hypothesis,
ever
his
or
continue
materials
were
a
to
complete.
an
narration, when-
deficient.
106
That Zabulon
from the
opinion
expressions, 'f
a
was
Capricorn, _is proved
of Kircher, and the two
border shall be unto Zidou."
The
proof
and
havenfor ships,"
his
(Tsidon.)
from Kircher, Sir William
Drummond himself being judge, I am
'
to
"
observe, did
not appear to
me
sorry
decisive.
"The standard of Zabulon, according to Kir~
cher, ought
to have
represented the sign _of
Capricorn., M. Dupuis has adopted the same
notion; but his mam
_for admitting
it is
certainly of no great Weight I must suppose,
that
Kircher had found some tradition nd the
subject;
for after
tedious examination, I
a
am-
inclined to agree with him,
has
not
he; has
given
the
referred
<
he
slightest intimation, why
this
sign
'
~
though
to
Zabulon."
-(Ed.Jud.p,20.
-_
1107
This amiable reluctance to forsakea tried
I
friend,
is much to be admired;
the
bigoted
_there
is
no
slightest
it is
ibut,
I, fear
readen will sugest, ,that
if
evidence. whatever, noteven- the
intimation of
proof,
in this case,
possible that Sir William's whole theory
may be erroneous. This .inferenceis too ,dis-
agreeableto
be admitted.
If the
theory
is
unfounded, what becomes of -the learning,
the
etymology, the_ coincidences,
and. all
well-armed supposes, and takings for
granted, which have been so beautifully
the
embodied against
interpretation
of
Drummond, who is
acute
-ingenuity,
sagacity
so
obvious.
received
But
imagine that Sir William
so
eminent for extensive
penetration,
could have
to have
universally
Scripture History f?
it is extravagant to
learning,
the
and
refined
wanted sufficient
anticipated
an
objection
And would it not be still
,._¢n_
dw
more
extravagant to imagine, that he would
expose, by an, injudicious silence, the invaluable results of his
extensive research,
overthrown' by
necessity
a
patient industry, and
to
remark, which he must of_
have foreseen; unless he
vinced
that it was
demand
a
too
of
was con-
insignificant
serious refutation?
has written four folio volumes
ject
of being
the risk
Kircher too.
on
the sub-
Egyptian Antiquities, consequently
his assertions must be arguments.
bably
omitted his
occasion,
reasons
The second
expression
He
pro-
the present
now
dis-
it would be very illiberal to
suppose he had therefore
patriarch
on
some account not
on
coverable;
this
to
ought bo
reasons.
proof of identity betweenthe
and the
"
no
constellation,
he shall be
be read
"
is- the
ships :"
a
haven for
a
haven for a ship."
.
109
,
Jud. p. 20.)
((Ed.
The
ship is Argo,
which descends under the horizon when
the Sun is
in.Capricorn. Hyginus explains
hmc sidera ad
navis
reliquam Iiguram
Tins
to
seems
called
The
a
Vespasian,
event
&c.
et_signum,"
indicate
haven for
only
"
Capricornus exoriens
terram 'premere videtur;
the matter better:
why Zebulon
is
aiship.
in the life of the
which appears
reputed
allegorically
to
describe this circumstance, is recorded
/by
the
mystical
Tacitus.
(Hist.
lib. 3. § 12.)
As Capricorn is in the side of the Heavens,
opposite tothe ship Argo,
,of
which
it is
enigmatically said _to be the haven;
so was
Vespasian at a distance from Ravenna, wheu the fleet chose him for their
very
commander.
cases
to be
The
analogy seems
equally convincing.
_
in both
_
110
'
",
His
,
countriesof Zebulon
border upon each other.
therefore,
the
seems to be
geographical.
Sagittarius,
that of
who
astronomical,
Historians,
as
probably, of
read in the Roman
we
was the conqueror of the
This fact is
_
the
approximation
corn,
the
to
next to
(Ed. Jud. p. 21.
Land, and extended his dominion
to Sidon.
'rather
be translated
TW may
occupies the sign
Capricorn."
Vespasian,
Sagittarius,
of
even un-
Vespasian 'or
or
Holy
evidently typical
of
Capri¢
TM, and identifies
supposed emperor
Heidegger,
not
do
allusion
The
hunter: Arcitenens
great
The
the Zidonians, as
and
fi-equentlye observed,
it has been
than
"
border shall be unto Zidon."
with
the
former
in his Historia Sacra Patriar-
......-_,
~
_
-,..
_Je-_,n
r
`1l1p
charum, Exerc.
ed to
explain in
Zabulon
who
23.
'§ 5, has. indeed atternpt-
what
initiated
Drummond's theory,
appreciate
writers.
these
the borders of
to Tsidon.
extended
have been
manner
But
they
in Sir William
will best
know how. to
unintelligible Christian
,
XI.
VTitus-Reuben-Aquarius.
~-Ii-iii
,
'
REUBEN is
pressions, q"
might,
apply
Thou
and the
art
my
beginning
water, and
with
a
of my
strength,"
Aquarius
It is
pitcher.
shall not
is
was
he had lain with
astronomers
still.
asterism in the
are
unstable
typified
by
as
a man
then remarked;
excel, because he
father's bed; andwe
com-
,after he has passed
He
winters solstice.,
enr-
first-born, my
very well to the Sun in the
mencement of his course
the
because the
Aquarius,
he
went up to his
thus reminded that
Bilhah.
designate
The Oriental
'a
remarkable
sign of Aquarius by
'
;_....__t_
the
115
Qula.; br
name of
Bulha.
'zs 8°
`
4
Titus Wai the Qgst-bpm; oft
and from his
ness,
bp-
qad.J»14-
Yespgsfiani;
supposed Inildness, gentle-_
and moderation, is said to have been
called Vdeliciae
humani,ig¢n¢risi;¥'
all
Of
appéy yew well tot the <;oQ1n1en¢¢@f
ment 'of the Suns course after he has
which
-'F
passed
the winter
The
Titus;
pmbable,
sh0itl
sqlstice."
'§nstable~
lament §ny_ inability-
to
therefarg
the
it must for
in its* primeval
unwilling
dbscurity,
to ailuw my
4
interpretations of
events; when their
p
why
wson.
qs
water,
I
I feqi'
deyelqpz
Presfmt continue
as
I a,m
always
imgginatiqn tp invent
typical hi§£Ql'iQ&1
meaning is net appnv
the
'
`
rent.
(Edip.
_;
Q
pqssiblsz
or
_i
V
_
H
114
identity of Titus with Aquarius, this
however as clearly demonstrable from 'his
The
with
allegorical intimacy
the
of Reuben with
Berenice,
same
If Bilhah be
shall
star,
a
only premise,
the
name
The word
so
is' Berenicef I
was
descrip-
commonly adopted
of a star.
Bilhah
derived either
Bochart
l
s
that any word
tive of the heavens,
as
from his
sign,
intimacy ~with'Bilhah.
that
as
from
supposes,
iT'7J;
is written
Sm
or
it is
perturbation,
from 553.
as
moisture,
water, as Sir William Drummondiiiiiagines.
signifies the material heaInleither case
vens:
iffrom"'>r|:.
it denotes the constant
agitation of the air, and light, by which all
the operations of nature are carried on: if
from 551. it refers to_ the origin of ail
W
____....,-
__
_
-.,
~_.,
,_
~'
-_*M
__
__
~. 4`A¢.»-n
`
II5
things,"
Hyle,
from the _celebrated
the antients,
or
to the
aerial
fluid
universally distributed 'through
,
,Theword Bereniceis
rightly,
understand it
(JM) of
which was
the heavens.
;To
compound.
a
must
_we
remember
thatwe receive it from historians whowere
intiniately acquainted with
guage, and but
very
Nothing
was
brew.
retain
a
the Greek lan.
slightly
instance.
This
mn
usual than' to
more
with
primitive word,
terminationf
was
signifies
with the He-
bright
_Greek
done in the present
pure,
brightas
solar flame, whence 'HJ the pure
'clear
a
matter of the
xther,
heavens.
the
the
As Jo-
sephus, and_ others, had no knowledge of the
.original story, they reported-that Titus, _,or
Aquarius,
was
the lover of
metaphorically-said
From this
to
mn;
have
misapprehension,
and he .was
conquered
the
name
her.
Bere-
116
arse
derived frornm:|, and mas, me
was
l
in
J
'
'
conquer.
A
Berenice and Bilhah, thus
words
being
equally descriptive of the heavens, were
used to denote the same star. I have not
.
however
confidence
suiiicient
in
names
alone; and/shall therefore consider the his;
tory'
of 'I'itus's
affording
us
with Berenice
amour
much
more
as
evi-
satisfactory
l
_
'
'
The star
Aquarius,
Capricorn,
of
Bulha,
or
rises while
Bilhah, which
the
the domicile
Israel; and it
sets
Sun is yet in
of Saturn,
when
that
passage
asserts that Reuben
bed.
The same
of
the star
Aquarius sets,
'which accordingto Sir William
exnlains
is in
Drummond,
Scri`pture
went up to his
which
fathers
circurnstance, though
not
,
_...;....._.-__
-...._.=1»g_;.:»q-
f
mysterious
Berenice,
J
of
or
_
seems
,.~__
__._;_
*_
A
__
to be intimated in
pages of Tacitus.
Beronice,
saluted emperor
by
was
.
the mistress
Vespasian
But when
Titus,
_
117
so plainly related,
the
...~
_
had been
his troops,
and his
their forces in his
friends
began
cause,
(by whiclvtypical circumstances
to assemble
I
understand .the gradual increase of the Sun's
power when in the
nice, then
beautif'ul,,and young, united her
assistance, and
be very
"
Nec
lib. 2.§
sign Capricorn) _Berog
was
acceptable
metaphorically
to
the
aged
said to
emperor.
Hist.
rninore animo, (says Tacitus,"
81.)
regina Berenice partes juvabat,
amen; aatate
formdque,
et seni
quoque
Vespasiano magnificentia munerum grataf'
If these words referred to real life,
not
avoid suspecting Beronice of
fondness for power,
or
its
we
too
much
possessor;
but
118
_
we
should be
cion.
unjust
If however
allegorical,
Berenice
suspi-
consider the words
of
simplicity
language.
the
indulge
immediately
we
and
priety
we
to
was
see
the
as
the prohistorian's
attached to Ves'
pasian,
as a
star to its constellation.
Now Titus,
excellent
peror, is
anadmirable and
though
general,
reported
legislator,
to have
and
been very
proili-
gate, when under the influence of his
puted
father.
stances
we
Combining
em-
re-
all the circum-
have thus enumerated, I cannot
but believe that I have ascertained the
astronomical emblem concealed under this
obscure
history.
We End that Berenice is
Bilhah, the Concubine of
Vespasian,
paramour of Titus. Titus is the
the
sign Aqua-
rius, his mistress is. the star Bulha,-+the
asterism
of
Capricorn, his supposed
%--
-
.-|.._l
_
father.
119
Y
I-lositive demonstration cannot be expected;
but I trust my reader will at least receive
my
conjecture,
progress in this
covery,
to assist
him in his
interesting
further
and curious dis-
that the eleventh Caesar is
eleventh sign of the Zodiac.
'the
,
XII. Domitian-Simeon and Levi-Pisces.
g
'
-ii)-°
"
the
Klncnnn has allotted
Pisces
to
sign
Simeon and Levi, but without
giving any reason for the conjecture:
endeavor
sir
to
supply
from 'the
I shall
deficiency."-
the
William Drummond then
to`shew
of
proceeds
following eight clauses,
that Simeon and Levi are Pisces-
Simeon and Levi
Instruments
are
brethren,
qf cruelty
,
in their habi-
are
`
tations.
O my soul,
»
corne not thou into
1
-
V-»
L_...
_
their
secret !
121,
_
Unto
their assembly, mine, honor,
be no!
united!
thou
'
Forlin Uhfeir anger they slew a man.
And in 'their se%will they digged' down
hail;
d
h
'
h
o
Cursed be Fheifr angef, for it was fierce;
wid fheir Moth, for it was oruel.
I
I-will divide
'them
in
Jaeob, undwcatter
them in Israel.-(Ed. Jud. p. 9, &c.
1
1
that
'tt't1é,
~
eaitraiordinerry, hbiit
It fis very
'
every-
hot les
onebf these' clafusés*ex-
op*réssés some cirduxtistaixce inTthé typical =life
'of ¥Domitian,
as
irelaféd 'by the 5 Rémah- his'h
torians.
¢
.
t
fd*
-me
=
,
Simeon"-dnd fLe'bi -hre brethreii."
A@¢f010giwI'ca1@ndar,
gree
Zthé
,
'
_
of
an ¢
-"'
In
'fars¢_l1@,
the first décan of Piscus, we-'find
following Words,
'
duo-viri
qnutn caplit
iss
inference
The
habentesf"
from
words, that Si-meon and Levi
are
does not appear to
as
blem in the Roman
Vespasian
nects
or
Pisces,
quarter;
as
plain
me so
uniting
for there can
the
emcon-
with Domitian,
form the
to
Pisces,
which
History,
'Titus
and
these
winter
be little doubt that
°
the
"
unurn
refers
caput"
to
Vespasian.
»
"
Instruments
qf cruelty
"
that is,
tatiom,"
considered
which
are
above
the horizon,
ces."
sign
And
was
all
the
'f
the
in their habi-
constellations
noxious,
of this
disappearance
prelude
of the Sun's
entrance
Scorpio_; _for Pisces
descend before the latter rises."
p. 9.
are seen
while the Sun is in Pis-
the_
into the accursed
as
are
Are not the
same
must
(Ed. Jud.
circumstances
're-
ferred to, when Domitian is described as
killing
flies in his
own
house;
or as
inviting
`
125
ipantomime
the senate to that
which
placed
scribed
room,
on
of
before them their
collins collected in
a
horror,
names
in-
banquetting
hung round with black, where
,sol-
idiersvwith drawn swords, and other ".in-,
struments of
cruelty
in their hands," rushed
in-to increase the ,terror of the
aifrighted
guests ?, The former incident Imerely mention to corroborate my,
surely
no
"
in
Oh my soul
secret."
"
Emperor
Roman
reality engaged
I
am
killing
come
does not
shackle,
a
p. 10.
_in
»
thou
the
I
"
.into
their
that the word
secret,
Greek
called sometimes Mvov,
a-Men-p.¢>;,"
be
for
inclined to think,". says
signify
which
would
flies!
not
Sir W'illiam Drummond,
1D
hypothesis,
am
but
a
bond, or
astronomers
and- sometimes
atall times happy
to express my admiration of my 'learned
124|
guide,
hilt I
and my deference to his
happyi
particdlarly
am
on
opinions;
the present
occasion, as I think it will enable me to do
so with
peculiar effectand advantage. Sir
~William informs
noticed,
"
us,'
that heis
slightest intimation
asserts."
inclined
he
Kircher, though
I am
I have before
as
to agree with
has not
of
given
reason,
a
delighted to
aopportlhnity of following
his
the
for what
have this
example ;
and
I therefore confess, in all' humility, that I
agree
really
with, Sir William Drummond,
'that the word
but
ahond,
or
acknowledge
reason
"
for
Unto
'
»
so
'ID'
'does not
shackle;
signify a
while
secret,
I candidly
I'have not the shadow of
doing.
their
a
y
assembly, mine honor, Tbc 'not
f (Edipus J udaicus,
p. 9.0.
125
,
These words have been gene~
thou united."
to refer
rally' supposed
slaughter of
the Shechemites.
Drummond,
imagined
Sir William
of my star
light
He
constellation."
them,
translates
however,
"-Let, not the
their
the
to
united to
adds, (pagt-310)
"it
appears fiom the Astrological Calendar, that
the emblems
were
chieiiy
accompanying
Roman historians described
cruel and
Domitian,
as
the Shechemites
by
For
That is,
mond,
effects
"
this sign, in
the
for
allegorical,
that of
as
to
Jacobseems
they
slew
a'
Sir William
to
man.'f
Drumf-
attribute all the
produced by thetrising
of
78'
_,_
instance,
Simeon and Levi !"
in their anger
according
the
Christians,
is
"
then have
life of the last Caesar!
vengeful
The murder of the_
by
sign Pisces,
indicative' of death, and vio-
How incomparably
lence.
the
Scorpius,
'
to/
126
_
the descent _of Pisces.
Orion wasattributed
and
Scorpion ;"
alluded
sting
of the
is the man here
to. Domitjan slew many men; and
it
historians
under
to the
this we find
if_ each death is
Orion;
The death of
typical
clearly
of the
setting
of
proves, that the Roman
disguised
oneastronomical truth
great variety of original and simi'
a
lar emblems.
A
s"
In their
wall."
Sir
se%will they digged
William Drummond's
ofthis 'passage is indeed
to use his
own
I conceive 'to
words,
be
down
translation
peculiar to himself:
f' This
interpretation,
erroneous.
I
translate-
seMwill they castrated a bull."
§Iud."p. 12. The death of this bull
in their
principal
event
Domitian. Bulls
as
well
as
tivalors
in the
were
allegorical
used
in astronomy, and
of
a
the ground,
in
(Ed.
is the
'life
of
agriculture,
were
called cul-
and I have
no
..._......___
an
.__-d
...-¢- -..~<
-,¢_»
-w._---¢.4_....~~.'
...
f'
-_
-
f1Q7
doubt
'-
who is 'said'
that'Agricola,
been killed
-
I
to
have
Domitian, was in fact this
by
very Bull,` and that he received his fname
fiom' his employment ;' Agricola signifying
a cultivator of the ground.
`
-
apparently found great diiiiculty
Tacitus
in
vrith
describing this singular emblem,
that
delicacy
he
chose therefore
so
to
studiously
affected. -He
represent' it under the
fictitious history of Agricola's death by poison-he
evidently
extreme
perplexity, but
overcome
appears to labor under
every obstacle,
has
'successfully
by veiling this
Auemblemin most sublime obscurity.
gebat miserationem constans rumor, ireneno
interceptum. Nobis' nihil comperti 'aH'ir"
'
mare
hausim."
Agric. 'Vit. Tacitus
undoubtedly brought iutoaction
mystical
powers, to
disguise
has
all his
the esoteric
,ies
doctrine tlirougliout
g
the
whole of this
gg
oteric life of Agricola., His, ingenuity is
indeed surprising, and ha# most wonder-Q
Many millions have been
fully sueceeded,
deceived by that artful
composition; and I
myself,
that Tacitus knew
have
no
doubt
'reputed Agricola, than
Joshua did of the reputed Moses; and that
no more
of tho
V
liistorians-,
both
and
both
hiSt01Ties
am
equally entitled to their elaim of authen-1
ticity and genuineness,
.
"
Gnd'
Cursed be their angenfar it
their wrath,
_for
wasjiew-he ;
it was cruel."-" It
suiiices to say, that both the
Assyrians and
Egyptians abstained from eating liph,
xvliichthey seem to have held in Singular
abhorrencei'
(Ed. Jud. p. 12,
was Dornitian held
abhorrence,
.___,4=~_
.-._,
as
_
well
So indeed
in singular dread 'and
as
Simeon and Levi;
-L
,
199
~
there canbe little
cerjz/'satisfactory
doubt that both,
for this
typical
of the
Jacob, and
scatter
are
reason,
'
'
same
'
sign.
I 'will divide them in
them in Isrdel.
may observe that
"~We
the two Zodiacal Hshes neither
rise,
together.
the ancient
We find, in
Zodiacs, that one Hsh only
(Ed. Jud. p. 12.
This
ble
-proof
that
tion of the
sign,
Historiansi
and Israel
must
Gfdiyz.
an
admira-
Levi
were
decisive confirma-
with
of Domitian
If the twelve Patriarchs
signs,
l
_
the
will be found in the Roman,
the twelve
Cwsars
represented."
and
more
identity
is
certainly
Simeon
Pisces; yet I think
same
is
explanation
,of
some
set
nor
were
are
it is evident that Jacob
signify
the
descended
heavens:
from
the
Tarquin,
J
I
V
,
'
130
which Mr.
same
Bryant has shewn
Tarchon,
as
'
to be
Apéxwv, the
or
the
'great
serpent, which typified the heavens: when
are
Simeon and Levi
it
therefore
evidently
scattered in
an
scattered in Jacob,
the
in
same
sign,
similar
a
he too will be
manner;
cannot but think this has been
ingeniously by
were
heavens: if Domitian be
emblem of the
represented
they
means,
those
done most
Historians
related the mysterious and
and I
who have
singular
narra-
tive of the Turbot.
This fish,
large,
which is
that it
was
said to have been
deemed
expedient
semble the senate to deliberate
ery,
was
caught
at
Ancon.
to
so
as-
its cook-
on
(J uvenal Satire,
iv, line 40.) This word is derived from An,
fountain, éx, On, of the great
ef»¢._.¢.__
or
from
The fountain of the great Sun, is
1N,pn,1~y.
_~_
Sun,
a
,
_
131.
evidently aterm
the'Sun
for the
r
sign Aries, in which
recoinmences its course; I have re-
ferred to the celestial
globe,
as
Sir William
Drummond recommends. And I there find
one
of the Zodiacal fishes
actually
close to the_ head of the Ram,
This coincidence
The turbot is
explains
one
or
Ancon.
the whole story.
Zodiacal fish, Domitian
;
they
are
scattered
in the
heavens ;
road; fron; Rome
to the
Adriatic,
both divided
or
is the
¢'v5v'6e¢rp.o5,
them
together.
Such
at
|
himself 'is unavoidably the other
and the
situated
are
the
or
fetter, which connected
coincidences,
the
traditions,
etymologies which will, I trust, convince the admirers of the (Edipus J udaicus,
and
that the Roman Historians
cal
as
are as
allegori-
the sacred writers, and that the
events related in
history
contain
as
many
,
132i
beautiful emblems
Scripture.
i
the
as
narratives of
I shall conclude
by observing,
almost in the very words of Sir
Drummond (p. 40.)
rians,
"
signs
of the
that
:
If the Roman Histo-
meant to make
Zodiac,
should find
we
which
seem
This is
an
no
allusions to
it seems very
so
directly
to
'relate
to
undoubted truth; and
at least regard
the
strange
many circumstances
those who cannot refute
will
William
them."
we
trust
arguments,
our
them with candor and
respect, and resign their antiquated preju-
dices,
to
"
receive the
New
thrown upon the dark records
and
History.
I cannot
be
now
of Scripture
but hope that these
truths, which have been
to be at
light"
so
long
concealed
length so fortunately recovered, will
duly appreciated,
circulated;
and
xll-
extensively
`
n
I NOW feel it incumbent
duced
state
to
tlemen,
to
me
cause
examining
a
question
generally nieets
form for
of
irony
and
Christianity
is
I well know that this mode of
discussed.
hension.
motives which in-
condescend to
banter, when the
and
the
me, Gen~
on
a
justifiable,
with universal
You will,
me
is seldom
repre-
however,
be able to
better apology
than I can
possibly submit to you, when
you take into
consideration the character and
of the author, and the
situation
probable consequen-
`
134'
of that
ces
tation,
of
Scripture interpreus
in the (Edipus
method
proposed
to
Judaicus.
_Sir William Drummond has
eminent among you
and
as
as
a
long
classical scholar,
ingenious and elegant
an
been
author.
is admired by
His translation of Persius
all, while his reported profound knowledge
of the oriental
ed
has
by
himself
for its
placed'
rank, influence, and
passed
in
Few,
he
of the confi-
He loves
learning
He possesses
fortune,
authority;
his time is
enviable retirement, where he
enjoys ithat
books to
appreciat-
situations,
worthy
in him.
sake.
own
be
can
In his official
few.
proved
dence
languages
most, inestimable
read, and time
very
powers and
few,
are
read them.
to
favored
opportunities,
of
blessing,
with such
becoming an
_-A
`
1-.v-..~»
--
-1-p
_'_
_,_-vu~».-..-~¢...¢-.vw..5--,_,,»-.<
135
..-.,._
_
_
Q
ornament and
strength
society: 'hoiv
to
much Sir William Drummond has
by
these
profited
I must leave to the
advantages,
'
of others
decision
can
be
portion
no
to
:
on
diiference of
the
excellencies
to
must
be
ever
the
authority
the
from their mis-
acquisitions of science, and
betrayed into
infidelity are like the gold
jewels,
the beautiful ornaments,
and the
bracelets-
earrings
Israelites contributed to the
a
golden
calf.
to
perfect Venus,
adorned with
a
which the
formation
Learning, ingenuity,
talent, when opposed
like the
superior
of rank, when
the service of
and the
In pro-
these united
Splendid' talents,
the
there
command, is`tbe
apprehended
applicationt
knowledge,
opinion.
influence which
g
danger
point'
one
Christianity,
which the
long beard,
to
of
and
are
sculptor
express
the
`
¢
136
_
,
V
utmost degree of possible deformity--like
the temples in Egypt described by Lucian :
magnificent
but
and
anxious and
within, the
lator found
only
Consider the
was'
bestowed
in their
imposing
a
reptile or
curious spec`
a
brute.
object
of
upon
mankind
~
exterior,
by
the
reason
that
Supreme Being,
for the
wool
to the lamb and
was
to the
given
lion, because it
same
was
It
Revelation.
strength
,essential to
them,
in that rank of creation in which God had
placed them;
hadbeen,
Without
from the very
ignorant,
Left to his unassisted
could he
havepemerged
of a brute, to the
refinements of
elevations of science, .the
misera-
reason,
from the
man
of all
beginning,
animals the most savage,
ble.
'
Revelation,
how
condition
4
taste, the
consolations of
/
mze
D
_»J
l.
>
137
.
advantages and enjoy-
and to the
religion,
ments of social life?
convince
must
us,
Our
common
that if Revelation
thus necessary, its iirst and chief
must
be,
to reveal in
languageathe
the
'duties
we
be
prehend,
of opinion:
must be
to be
_in
we
the present
many
the sacred pages,
cannot
l
com-
now
therefore
give
controversies, and divisions
hub it
the -historical
be
as
and which may
rise to various
must
shall
well
reason
simple
Since
proposed in
which onr finite
object
and
naturally expect that
may
things may
as
and
were
authenticates,
prescribes.
livesin another,
world,
plain, clear,
facts it
it
sense'
_
is
part
no
less evident, that
of' that Revelation
intelligible tosevery
literally interpreted,
history.
series iiicts,
reader- ; -it
or
it
ceases
It -must contain a connected
as-Ethe
fgl`0IId*V0fk`iDf .the
doctrines and duties which it iinculcates;
-
V,
_l
I
138
and from the
of the text,
from the
the
opinion
of
learning,
hereafter,
ries
it may be best ascertained
as
analogy
sound
plain unperverted meaning
of
our
of _the Christian church,
faith, fair criticism, and
we
deduce
of
an
myste-
belief in the sublime
Redemption,
important
our hope
.and all the
other
and venerated truths which' have
been received, and sanctioned
by the
and wisest, of every age and nation.
But Sir William Drummond has informed us, that these
reputed facts
are astrono-
mical emblems. Imagine him to be correct in his assertion: what are the consequences?
The
communicated
man,
or a
squabbling
some
~---.-,
Deity' has,
either
that case,
'Revelation
to
Revelation which discusses the
of
some
remote age,
l_..-_
no
in
_
unknown
people,
about the reform
,_,.-r** q.`_,_
,LJ
1
of
at
an
,
-139
Almanac, and the alteration of
Calendar
a.
--Inspiration
becomes the dream of
superstition,
and
legation
of Moses
Numa, Lycurgus,
are
a-ignorance-The
though
guage,
write it, is
child in the
277).
an
divine
is levelled to that of
or
Solon-The
converted into enthusiasts
-Christ himself, I
folly,
can
or
prophets
impostors
command
my lan-»
feelings,
when I
not my
astronomical emblem, the
arms
of
Virgo ((Ed. Jud.
'Words have not sufficient
power, to describe the
weight
of
feelings
p.
or
indigna-
tation, contempt, and pity, excited by this
passage.
moral
'These poisoners of the springs of
happiness, these enemies of the
and peace of man,
seem
not
to
virtue
have any
thing themselves at stake, and pervert every
talent in their endeavour to plunge others
into
a
fearful
certainty-The'
abyss
of
narratives
,A4e--
doubt and'
of
un-
Scripture,
-140
1
before Sir William
Drummond's interpreta-_
tion, melt away, like the rainbow in the
heavens-Every proof
and
immortality
of our
"
accountableness vanishes,
at one fell
swoop"--The peculiar doctrines
tianity,
the
Trinity,
the' atonement,
becomes
a
ciple adream ;
the' laws of
at its
prin-
chimerical,
expedient--All
in this
selfishness, and vanity; and,
agitated
sport of every gale,
to be
gions
of convenience,
close, oblivion and eternal sleep, Our
frail bark is
life,
exist+Morality
to"
the laws of God
man
life is coldness,
the incarnation, and
cease
matter
of Chris-
of
some
on
the stormy
consigned at last
Night
But .this
few years, the
and Silence.
uncertainty
ocean
of
to the dark re»
and doubt
pro-
duced by Sir William Drummond's system,
formbut
a
small part of its innumerable
_...nn
_
:vii-
__
...
_
¢~-wg'-
14i
unhappy
to man, every
world,
as
hope
wellas
.derived
is
All that is dear
consequences.
of
in this
happiness
in that which is to come,
from
the
tion of the text of
interpreta-
literal
Scripture.
Shakeebut
_
this foundation of our faith, and the whole
fabric falls-man at
and
loses his
his support-misfortune has
sorrow no
has
once
no
strength
no
hope, atiliction no friend-poverty
consolation,
and wealth
no
restraint
-luxury may revel, passion indulge,
gacy
in
a
refuge,
reign uncontrolled, piety
profli-
seek 'shelter
mad-house, and pride alike forget
God
and despise man. Religion, that
personal religion, lI mean, which puriiies the
heart, and elevates the soul, becomes
once
useless and ridiculous.
the
threatenings,
the precepts
of
the
The
promises,
anticipations,
Scripture,
at
and
rest lon-
no
~14-2
_
basis, and excite
no
either
longer
hope
or
i
fear.
Volumes
of the fatal
might
consequences
foundations of
authors of
race
of
so
society,
much
misery'
if the
thus
were
in what terms
to be
man
to
Christianity
and
moved:
be filled with the detail
ought
re-
the
to the whole
addressed?
The
use
of
strong language is deemed inconsistent with
candor and
mitted,
even
liberality:
by the very
express the
to
tians
we
must
we
are
customs of
indignation which
so
not per-
deeply feel.
society,
as
Chris-
If the friends
°
of Revelation are
once
stigmatized
clergymen, they
-as
are
at
servile, interested, bi-
goted, venal, and suspicious advocates.
The weapons," says Sir William Drum"
mond, "iwith
which they fight,
_.Ms
smirmg
are
either
__
g
|
-v--
-
--L
-_f
--.
--
~.~...-nf
-~
rr-
.
Q61
-.
uf
<-
MT;-_
143
borrowed from the
forged
in the fires of hell."
of Revelation
and
are
earnest,
are
I;Iave
Are
recourse to
we
told that
and
expostulate,
we
our
our
faith
we are
pitied
are
If
if severe,
:
or
presented
with
to such
a
substitute,
Zodiacs, and
we are
"
'
(Ed. Jud. p. 112.
nor
Scriptures,
all the lumber of Eastern vanity: when
object
we
but the
sophistry, prejudice,
with broken
'we
prejudiced.
none
Instead of the
we
is anti-
the wise,_ the leamed infidel;
whom is neither
we
argument,
exploded.
Truth is to be found with
contradiction.
are
serious and in
reasoning
uncharitable, uncandid,
impartial,
we
declamatory and hypocri-
are
we
gravely
quated
are
Are we' grave,
dull.
denominated
If the friends
1
laymen, they are ignorant
incompetent.
tical.
armory of heaven, or
we
derided,
`
144
p
insulted,
and
despised.
surprised, then,
You will not be
that I have condescended to
that I have armed
irony ;
weapon .which has been
myself
long employed
so
against the impregnable fortress
I have
tianity.
ings
of Chris-
pressed nonsensical
to nonsensical conclusions.
ject has
been to
to
reason-
ob-
`My
shew, that the arguments
of Sir William Drummond will
equal success
with that
apply with
and to
Scripture
History:
I have chosen the ex-absurdo method of
proving
my
to be
position-it appeared
alike necessary, justifiable,
sive:
it has enabled
danger
and
folly
of
and
to
me
resting
conclu-A
expose
any
_the
system
on
Coincidence, that fruitful parent _of pal-
mistry, physiognomy, cxaniology, astrology,
and
every
amused
,
or
other
absurdity which
astonished the world.
_
/
ia..
has
`
`
145
NOTE.
»
Many writers, particularly Origen,
believed that
were
some
Lightfoot (vol.
i. p.
allegorical
an
into
ancient
from the learned
Philo is said
andria,
to
have
Benson's
a
Essay
of Vol. IV. of
Jortin's
the
on
sense
Unity
Ecc.
sensus
of
Origcn
for
a
that it
was
early
the
was a
taken
fathers.
excelled his
mas-
threefold sense,
of many passages.
Sense, printed
at
as
Vide
the end
Collection of Tracts.
History] Lightfoot's Works,
'
l. 12.
c.
ll.) cites the phrase
&1r0#é-rev; Aéyoug Ménwg,
Mosis.
tuming
the art to Clemens of Alex-
pleaded
Eusebius (Praap. Evang.
*Wi TWG;
sense.
suppose it
others,
Bishop Watson's
Remarks
vols In me &c¢
.
on
Scripture
mystical
many of the
Ofigen.
fourfold
some
and
by
taught
ter; for he sometimes
for
date,
heathens,
who instructed
Augustine
of
the custom of
allegory; though
practice of very
or
undoubtedly
873) asserts, that the uuhelieving and
apostatized Jews originated
Scriptures
first books
parts of _the
understood in
to be
have
This
secuudum
aixéfifqrog M"yo;, however,
arcanos
referred
'
(Edzp.
K
145
only to spiritual or moral inferences deducible from facts;
it had
reference whatever to astronomical
no
foisted into the
someunknown
text at
emblems,
and mis-
period,
taken from the moment of their introduction for real his-
One of the most zealous advocates for the
tory.
sense
of
Scrinture,
Archmologia,
was
p. 279, he
Dr. Bumet.
observes,
teres, maxime orientales,
tradendi
stylo,
modus, `8»;y,é8»;;,
sacra:
ual
into
ture
sese
attempt
astronomical
speculative
and
erat
veritatem."
writer of his
the facts of
day.
temporaries, or
the
of other learned men.
passages in his
Archmologia
highly objectionablef
of the Christian
very
possibility
and
an
3
,
world,
of doing
exemplary
opinions
deprived
good, though
and amiable
of his
man.
an
con-
Many
irrevereutly written,
He olfended the
and thus
Scrip-
Neither did
for the
are
even
far the most
much regard
are
populi
But
this author feel
authority
hoc
uti mihi videtur
accommndans sd_
change
to
ve-
Philosophiain
et
emblems, though by
fanciful
apud
¢i1r6}§1;-ro;; atque duplici
eaptum, quandnque minmulrimmn
no
duplex
explicandis,
quandoque
this author makes
In his celebrated
Theologiaxn
in rebus naturalibus
Scriptura
"
mystical
and
common sense
himself of the
eminent scholar,
I shall
merely add,
l47_
_
that Sir'William Drummond's system
on
the
Burnet,
able to
same
or
sort
of
any other
framea
Icoincidenees,
seems
by
the
to be
use
ingenious writer, would
consistent
founded
of which
be
always
hypothesis.
`
Printed by A. J. 7a@y, Took¢'| Cvurt, Chancery Lane.