Tramadol White Pill 377 Management of patients depends on the specific manifestations and often requires multidisciplinary collaboration. Most patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 do not require treatment, but all require surveillance. General anesthesia, sleep, and coma. N Engl J Med. 2010;338-2650. Review. Merchant R, Bosenberg C, Brown K, et al. In patients with widespread excoriations, the most likely differential diagnosis is scabies. The diagnosis is made by finding bluish maculae ceruleae, prompting a search for body lice or nits in the seams of clothing. Crab Lice PATHOBIOLOGY Crab louse infestation is spread as a sexually transmitted disease. Roughly 30 of patients will have another concurrent sexually transmitted disease, and adolescents with pubic lice are twice as likely as uninfested adolescents to have chlamydial or gonorrheal infection. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS Patients present with intense itching, and both lice and nits may be found on pubic hairs as well as on the hair of the chest, abdomen, and legs. Pubic lice may occasionally cause scalp infestation in patients tramadol white pill 377 thick curly hair. They may also infest the eyelashes. Maculae ceruleae may be present as in body louse infestation. These are bluish gray macules at the sites of louse bites. Underwear will commonly be stained by minute droplets of blood. Beetle-Related Dermatitis Blister beetles are widespread throughout the world and include members of the families Meloidae and Staphylinidae. Members of the family Oedemeridae are classified as false blister beetles but can produce similar skin manifestations. Cantharidin accumulates during the larval stages of the beetle and gives tramadol white pill 377 protection from predatory birds. When threatened, the beetles protect themselves by exuding a cantharidin-containing liquid. Contact with blister beetles results in vesicles and bullae. Nairobi eye, or rove beetle dermatitis, in northern Kenya is caused by Paederus eximius. Rove beetles were implicated in a recent epidemic of pustular eruption among forces in Pakistan. Treatment for all manifestations of blister beetles is largely symptomatic. Fleas Fleas are ubiquitous among pets and wild animals. They serve as vectors for endemic typhus, bubonic plague, brucellosis, melioidosis, and erysipeloid. The most common flea on dogs is the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis. Pulex irritans, the human flea, can be found on dogs and became a major plague vector during the great epidemics. Flea bites cluster on the lower legs and present as intensely pruritic papulovesicles. Tungiasis is caused by the jigger or sand flea, Tunga penetrans. It typically presents with a necrotic pustule adjacent to the great toenail. A veterinarian should be consulted about agents for flea control, including lufenuron and fipronil. Beach areas should restrict pets to prevent infestation. Flies Mosquitoes and other flies belong to the order Diptera and represent major disease vectors. Anopheles tramadol white pill 377 bite mostly at night and are the major vectors of malaria. They also transmit filariasis.