Biology 2013-2014
Name:_________________________ Per.______
UNIT 2 STUDY GUIDE– DNA & PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
Essential Skills
2-1. Be able to explain the difference between Transcription and Translation in terms of location in the cell, why they occur,
and the nucleic acids (DNA, mRNA, rRNA, tRNA) involved. (HS-LS1-1)
2-2. Be able to use the Genetic Code to identify condons, anti-codons and amino acids from a DNA sequence. (HS-LS3-1)
2-3. Be able to identify causes of mutations. (HS-LS3-2)
Review Questions
1.
Describe the scientific contributions of the following people:
Franklin Watson & Crick –
2.
Draw DNA Here
Draw a picture of a DNA molecule then label and define
the following:
· Deoxyribose –
· Phosphate –
· Nitrogenous base –
· Nucleotide –
· Double Helix –
· Hydrogen Bonds –
3.
Draw a nucleotide of DNA and label the three parts. Circle a single
nucleotide in the picture you drew for #1.
4.
Explain why replication is called “Semiconservative”?
5.
What does the term “antiparallel” mean?
6.
Describe the steps of DNA replication. Describe why, where and how it occurs.
7.
What are complementary bases? What are the names of GCAT and U? What are the base-pairing rules for DNA?
8.
What is an enzyme?
9.
Explain the role of each of the following enzymes. Which process will each enzyme be used in?
Helicase –
DNA Polymerase –
RNA Polymerase –
10. Explain the functions of each of the three types of RNA.
11. List 3 structural differences between DNA and RNA.
12. Explain Transcription & Translation and describe why, where and how each event occurs. Identify the molecules
(DNA, mRNA, tRNA, rRNA & protein) involved in each step.
13. What is a codon and an anticodon? What types of RNA are they found on?
14.Label the following diagram:
What process is this diagram showing?
What is the end product of this process?
15.What is the Universal Genetic Code? Which molecule is used to determine the amino
16.Decode the following DNA sequence:
Complement DNA
Template DNA
TAC
CTA
CCT
ATG
ACA
GGG
CAT
CTC
GGT
mRNA
tRNA
Amino Acid
Message
17.What is a “start” code and a “stop” code. Do either of these code for an amino acid?
18.Why is the universal genetic code considered “universal”?
19.What is a mutation? How can mutations affect an organism’s traits? Why are mutations not always bad?
20.Identify 3 major causes of mutations.
CTA