University of Georgia
Chemical and Laboratory
Safety Manual
Previous Revision 1997
Last Revision 2002
Last Reviewed 2013
E MERGENCY P HONE N UMBERS
UGA Police
2-2200
Environmental Safety
2-5801
Fire/Ambulance
9-911
Poison Control
9-800-282-5846
St. Mary’s Hospital
9-548-7581
Athens Regional Hospital
9-549-9977
Biosafety Office
2-7265
Fire Safety
9-369-5706
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION 1. Authority and Responsibility
I.
II.
III.
IV.
Chemical and Laboratory Safety Committee
Environmental Safety Division
College dean, department or unit head
The laboratory supervisor
SECTION 2. Standard Operating Procedures
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
XI.
XII.
XIII.
XIV.
XV.
Chemical procurement, distribution, and storage
Transportation and shipment of hazardous chemicals on- and off-campus
Safe work practices
Chemical fume hood use
Housekeeping, maintenance, and inspections
Personal protective equipment
Records
Signs and labels
Spills and other laboratory accidents
Electrical safety
Mechanical hazards
Synthesized chemicals
Laboratory decommissioning
Hazardous chemical and waste disposal
Fire Safety
SECTION 3. The Laboratory Facilities
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
Minimum design provision
Construction and renovation review
General laboratory ventilation
Other ventilation devices
Exhaust stacks
SECTION 4. Particularly Hazardous Substances
I.
II.
General requirements
Standard operating procedures for particularly hazardous substances
Appendix A. Chemical and Laboratory Safety Committee members
Appendix B. Unsafe Laboratory Closure Policy
I.
Notice of unacceptable laboratory operations
i
II.
III.
Corrective actions suggested by the Committee
Appeal of Committee action
Appendix C. Flammable, Oxidizing and other Pressurized Gases
I.
II.
II.
Guidelines for using and storing pressurized gases
Gas cylinder storage and labeling
Proper handling of gas cy linders
Appendix D. Signs, Forms, and Labels
I.
Forms
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
II.
Postings
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
III.
UGA Laboratory Safety Survey Form
CAUTION Sign Request Form
Fume Hood Certification Request Form
Employee On-going Chemical Specific Right to Know Training
Record
Request to Open (commission) a Laboratory or Request to Close
(decommission) a Laboratory
Emergency Phone Numbers [posted by lab phone]
Eyewash Location
Safety Shower Location
Chemical Spill Kit Location
Chemical Storage Plan
Gas Cylinder Tags
Unattended Laboratory Operations
Labeling Systems (RTK)
A.
B.
C.
Hazardous Chemical Container Labeling
Acceptable Abbreviations for Primary Hazards
Acceptable Chemical Abbreviations for Chemical Secondary
Container Labeling
Appendix E. Respirator Protection Program
Appendix F. Board of Regents Fume Hood Standards
Appendix G. Hazardous Waste Summary Procedures
Appendix H. Waste Minimization, Bench-top Treatment and Surplus Redistribution
ii
Appendix I.
I.
II.
III.
Appendix J.
I.
Particularly Hazardous Substances
Peroxide-forming Chemicals
Specific Chemicals
Suspected and Known Carcinogens
Reproductive Toxins
Recommended Laboratory Standard Operating Procedures and Other
Resource Information
Suggested Outline of Needed Standard Operating Procedures
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
XI.
XII.
XIII.
Safety Procedures and Protocols
Personal injury procedures
Chemical storage plan
Chemical waste disposal
Lab apparatus protocols and operating procedures
Particularly hazardous substances
How to Properly Complete a Caution Sign
Chemical Spill Proced ure
-Developing a General Lab Spill Kit
SOP for Selection and Use of PPE
Chemical Fume Hood SOP
In Case Of Fire
Portable Fire Extinguisher SOP
Emergency Eyewash Station SOP
Safety Shower SOP
Respiratory Injury Protocol
Hazardous Chemical Ingestion Protocol
Chemical Storage Plan
Perchloric Acid SOP
The back section of this manual “Laboratory Standard Operating Procedures (SOP)” is
provided for laboratory supervisors to place their laboratory’s SOPs. Within each section
is a model SOP which may be modified to meet individual laboratory needs.
iii
SECTION 1. Authority and Responsibility
I.
Chemical and Laboratory Safety Committee (hereafter referred to as Committee)
A.
B.
Appointment of the Committee
1.
The Committee is appointed by the president of the University of
Georgia (UGA).
2.
The Committee will report to the vice presidents for academic
affairs, research, and business and finance. The aforementioned vice
presidents shall serve as the administrative Committee to receive
and act upon the Committee’s findings, conclusions, and
recommendations.
Membership
1.
The voting members of the Committee will include (see Appendix
A for current membership)
a.
A minimum of 11 faculty members and laboratory
directors from the Athens campus of UGA who are
knowledgeable and active users of chemicals and
laboratories and represent the diverse disciplines that use
chemicals and laboratories
b.
Representatives from the following off-campus facilities:
Coastal Plain Station, Marine Extension Service, Skidaway
Institute of Oceanography, Georgia Agricultural
Experiment Stations, and Savannah River Ecology
Laboratory
c.
The associate vice president of Environmental Safety
Division
d.
The University manager of chemical and lab safety
e.
The University director of Research Services
f.
The University hazardous waste coordinator
2.
The non-voting members of the Committee will include the vice
president for legal affairs with others designated as necessary.
3.
The Committee will choose a chair and vice chair from among the
appointed faculty members or laboratory directors every three
years.
Section 1 - 1
C.
4.
The Committee will select a secretary from among its voting
members.
5.
A majority of the Committee eligible to vote will constitute a
voting quorum.
6.
A voting member of the Committee who cannot attend a meeting
may designate a qualified alternate. This alternate will be a voting
member of the Committee.
7.
A Committee member may be replaced upon the
recommendation of the chair to the president. The chair may also
recommend the name(s) of qualified candidates for any vacancy.
8.
Any Committee member wishing to resign his/her seat on the
Committee is requested to submit the resignation in writing two
meetings before the resignation is to take effect.
9.
The chair may recommend the replacement of any Committee
member who has missed two meetings during one calendar year.
Meetings
The Committee will meet, with at least a seven (7) calendar day notice,
once each quarter during each academic year. Additional meetings may
be called by the chair. The minutes of each meeting will be provided to
the president, vice presidents for academic affairs, research, legal affairs,
business and finance and to all members of the Committee.
D.
Duties and responsibilities
1.
The Committee shall establish and review laboratory safety
policies, procedures, and safety survey audit forms. No changes
shall be made to this Chemical and Laboratory Safety Manual,
appendices, or portions of the manual contained on the web site
without Committee approval. The Committee shall approve all
procedures used to evaluate laboratory safety and evaluate
compliance of laboratory supervisors.
2.
The policies will be designed to:
a.
b.
Keep the University in compliance with local, state, and
federal regulations regarding laboratory safety, the
purchase, transportation, use, handling, storage, and
disposal of all chemicals
Protect and optimize safety for all faculty, staff, students,
visitors, and members of the public from hazardous agents
Section 1 - 2
c.
3.
E.
Recommend and approve training programs on laboratory
safety practices that will result in faculty, staff, and
students having a continuing conscientious awareness of
and for safe laboratory practices, chemical storage,
chemical use, and chemical disposal
The Committee will review and advise on corrective actions
recommended by the laboratory safety staff from ESD. To
facilitate this review, the Committee will maintain an e-mail site
which laboratory supervisors can utilize to contact the
Committee: clsc@esd.uga.edu.
a.
Laboratory supervisors may appeal decisions to the
Committee made by ESD in the implementation of the
laboratory safety program. (See Appendix B, Unsafe
Laboratory Closure Policy.)
b.
ESD, through the associate vice president of ESD, may
bring to the Committee for resolution, problems with
laboratory supervisors whom they feel are not in
compliance with the University of Georgia Chemical and
Laboratory Safety Manual.
4.
The Committee will bring to the attention of UGA administration
problems that need to be addressed by administrative procedures
and advise them of options available and the desirability of
various options.
5.
The Committee will have the authority, after informing the vice
presidents for academic affairs, research, legal affairs, and
business and finance, to close any laboratory determined to be
unsafe per the laboratory closure policy (see Appendix B) or
which is not storing, using or disposing of chemicals safely or
according to University policy. Any closed laboratory will be
reopened for use only after a review by the Committee that results
in affirming that the practices in the laboratory have been
modified to result in a safe environment for faculty, staff, and
students.
Investigation of incidents
1.
An incident that causes an excessive chemical or hazardous agent
exposure will be investigated by ESD to determine the cause, and
necessary remedial action will be recommended.
2.
At the discretion of the Committee, a Committee member may be
appointed to examine the circumstances in conjunction with ESD.
Section 1 - 3
3.
II.
In the event of a serious disagreement between ESD and a
laboratory supervisor over the causes or circumstances of an
incident, the Committee may designate one or more Committee
members to review the situation and make recommendations to
the full Committee.
Environmental Safety Division
A.
B.
Mission
1.
Provide advice and consultation to the Committee which is solely
responsible for establishing University policies for chemical and
laboratory safety as presented in this manual
2.
Provide advice, consultation, and assistance to laboratory
supervisors in complying with the policies and guidelines of this
manual
3.
Advise the Committee as to unsafe conditions in University
laboratories using the guidelines and procedures provided for in
the laboratory closure policy (see Appendix B)
Authority
1.
The associate vice president of the Environmental Safety Division
has been designated environmental coordinator for the University
of Georgia in response to a Regents’ directive to establish a central
point of coordination for environmental matters. Therefore, any
University unit receiving any communication from a regulatory
agency regarding an environmental concern should immediately
notify the associate vice president of Environmental Safety
Division and the Office of Legal Affairs.
2.
When the Environmental Safety Division determines that there is
a serious violation of law, governmental regulation, or Committee
policy in the control, use, or storage of hazardous materials, the
cognizant vice president, the Office of Legal Affairs, and the
Committee will be advised. In those instances where an
investigation, either by the Environmental Safety Division or a
governmental regulatory agency, is indicated, the cognizant vice
president and the Committee will be advised of the investigation.
3.
Once an investigation is complete and the circumstances
surrounding the violation(s) have been determined, responsibility
will be assigned for taking appropriate action to minimize the
likelihood of recurrence. The Environmental Safety Division will
initiate one of the following steps and inform the Committee of
their action.
Section 1 - 4
C.
a.
If a legal issue is involved the Environmental Safety
Division will consult with the Office of the Vice President
for Legal Affairs; both offices will then jointly determine
the next action to be taken.
b.
If a legal issue is not involved, but internal action is
needed, the Environmental Safety Division will refer the
occurrence along with a copy of an audit or report of
investigation to the cognizant vice president who will
have responsibility for taking appropriate action to
minimize the likelihood of recurrence. The Environmental
Safety Division will be available to assist and advise. A
copy of a referral will be sent to the president to whom a
report of action will be filed by the cognizant vice
president.
4.
ESD has the responsibility and authority for conducting internal
safety audits. These internal audits are governed by existing
regulations and the policies set by the Committee which are
contained in this manual. ESD shall provide a copy of the current
Committee-approved survey form as part of this manual. These
audits must be filed in a timely manner and as deemed necessary
with the associate vice president of Environmental Safety
Division/unit head. The response of the laboratory supervisor to
these audits must be filed in a timely manner with the associate
vice president of Environmental Safety Division and the unit
head. (See Appendix D for a current copy of the laboratory safety
survey form.)
5.
ESD has the responsibility and authority to take immediate and
necessary action to protect the health and safety of University
employees, the public, and the environment in those situations
that pose an immediate threat to life and health. These actions
shall be governed using the provisions and guidelines of the
laboratory closure procedure (see Appendix B).
6.
ESD has the responsibility and authority for conducting internal
audits of the centralized inventory system administered by the
director of Central Research Stores (CRS) and filing results of such
audits with the vice president for research, associate vice
president of CRS, and the associate vice president of
Environmental Safety Division.
Duties
1.
Conduct surveys of University laboratories for compliance with
the policies and provisions of this manual
Section 1 - 5
III.
2.
Advise, as appropriate, laboratory supervisors, deans,
department/unit heads, and the Committee of problems found in
individual laboratories
3.
Provide technical assistance to laboratory personnel in
establishing safety programs in their individual laboratories
4.
Provide testing for proper operation of safety equipment in
chemical laboratories (i.e., safety showers, chemical fume hoods,
and eye wash stations)
5.
Provide consultation on the safe design of chemical laboratories
and their associated safety equipment
6.
Provide programs for chemical exposure monitoring, respiratory
equipment issuance and fit testing, right to know, and other
relevant safety education
7.
Respond to chemical emergencies, providing guidance,
consultation, and appropriate assistance
8.
Dispose of known hazardous chemical waste in compliance with
existing Hazardous Materials Treatment Facility (HMTF)
regulations
9.
Assist in the development and maintenance of a central inventory
system
10.
Assist departments and laboratories in developing plans for the
use, storage, and disposal of hazardous chemicals and for the
training of laboratory workers, ensuring that those plans are
compatible with University policy
11.
Ensure that there are appropriate safety manuals, approved by
the Committee for all research and service laboratories and
academic units. These manuals must address all relevant aspects
of compliance including laboratory safety survey forms, receiving,
shipping, disposal, and safety training
College dean, department or unit head
A.
Responsibility
1.
Each organizational head is responsible to the next higher
administrator for the control, use, storage, and disposal of
hazardous materials in laboratories under the program
administration and control of all personnel, including laboratory
supervisors, within the organizational unit for which each
Section 1 - 6
respective head is responsible.
IV.
2.
Any hazardous material left in any laboratory without a proper
supervisor in attendance for a period of 60 or more calendar days
will be made the responsibility of the unit. The department head
will initiate disposition by HMTF.
3.
In the event that a supervisor abandons hazardous material upon
leaving the University as in Section 1.IV.B.4 and fails to arrange
for proper disposal or transfer of materials, the following course
of action shall be taken:
a.
Within 30 calendar days of the termination date of the
laboratory supervisor, the department head, in
consultation with staff members of ESD, will submit a plan
of remediation to the appropriate vice president and
inform the Committee.
b.
After remediation, a final safety inspection shall be
performed and a report sent to the Committee.
The laboratory supervisor
A.
Definition
A laboratory supervisor is defined as a faculty member (assistant
professor, associate professor, professor, or instructor), a research
professional, an academic professional, or laboratory director who is
associated with or provides guidance to a laboratory or laboratories using
hazardous agents. Graduate students and postdoctoral associates will not
be considered a supervisor except under special circumstances at the
discretion of the unit head.
B.
Supervisor responsibility
1.
The supervisor shall train or provide for the training of all new
personnel before allowing them to work in a laboratory using
hazardous materials. Training shall include the following:
a.
Reading of this manual
b.
Job specific safety protocol for chemicals and equipment.
See Appendix J for recommendations and guidelines for
development of standard operating procedures.
c.
The proper use of job-specific personal protective
equipment (PPE)
Section 1 - 7
C.
d.
All training required by the Georgia Public Employee
Hazardous Chemical Protection and Right to Know Act of
1988 and the University right to know compliance plan
e.
Directions for notifying the proper authorities in the event
of an emergency or accident
i.
University Police
2-2200
ii.
Athens Regional Medical Center
9-549-9977
iii.
St. Mary’s Hospital
9-548-7581
iv.
Environmental Safety Division
2-5801
v.
Biosafety Office
2-7265
2.
The supervisor shall see that records are kept as required by this
manual. (See sample laboratory safety survey form, Appendix D,
which lists necessary records.)
3.
The supervisor shall remove chemical and biological substances
under his/her control that may pose a hazard prior to
maintenance personnel working on furnishings, equipment, or
laboratory systems.
4.
When leaving the University, or terminating his/her supervisory
position, the supervisor shall relinquish all hazardous chemicals
in his/her possession by disposal or transfer to another
supervisor who has facilities capable of safely handling the
material in question. (See Section 2.XIII, laboratory
decommissioning plan.)
Supervisor on leave or absent more than 60 calendar days
1.
A supervisor on leave or absent for a period greater than 60
calendar days may assign responsibility for his/her program to a
temporary supervisor who will be in charge of the laboratory in
his/her absence.
This person will be: a faculty member, a laboratory director, a
research professional, or an academic professional who agrees, in
writing, to accept responsibility for the laboratory.
2.
If the laboratory supervisor does not choose the option listed
above, his/her laboratory will be placed under the temporary
supervision of another faculty member, research professional,
academic professional, or laboratory director selected by the
Section 1 - 8
department head.
D.
3.
The departing supervisor will ensure that all door signs reflect the
change in supervisory status.
4.
The temporary supervisor may not be utilized for a period
exceeding 12 months without approval of the department head.
Supervisor retirement
When a supervisor retires, with or without emeritus status, his/her
supervisory status will terminate. The laboratory supervisor may apply
to the department head for continued supervisory status. If the
department head can ascertain that the laboratory supervisor will have
adequate facilities to store and handle the hazardous materials safely and
that the funds will be available, if needed, for disposal, the retired
laboratory supervisor may be given the role of supervisor for a specific
time period to be determined by the department head.
Section 1 - 9
Section 2.
I.
Standard Operating Procedures
Chemical procurement, distribution, and storage
A.
Procurement
The director of CRS is designated as the sole agent for submitting
purchase requests for chemicals to the University procurement office,
receiving, and distributing all chemicals to on-campus research and
science laboratories and academic units of UGA.
B.
Inventory
The director of CRS is charged with setting up and maintaining a
centralized inventory system of chemicals for campus units. The associate
vice president of Environmental Safety Division is directed to ensure that
the individual units’ inventory reporting practices are coordinated with
the CRS inventory system to ensure that all compliance requirements are
met.
C.
Program audits
ESD has the responsibility and authority for conducting internal audits of
the centralized inventory system and filing the results of such audits with
the vice president for research, the associate vice president of ESD, and
the director of CRS.
D.
Distribution
CRS will distribute purchased chemicals throughout campus. Only
personnel who have received chemical specific right to know training
shall receive chemical shipments.
E.
Storage
1.
General
All incoming containers of chemicals must have appropriate
manufacturers labels that are not removed or defaced. Each
container should be labeled with the date it was received and the
date it was opened, as some chemicals form peroxides or other
unstable products/explosives when stored for relatively short
periods (see Appendix I for a listing of peroxide forming
chemicals.) Chemicals in the laboratory shall be segregated by
hazard class and compatibility. Acids, bases, flammables,
reactives requiring separate and special storage, highly toxic
compounds, and general non-hazardous chemical storage shall be
separated from each other. The higher shelves shall be used for
Section 2 - 1
containers containing chemicals which present the lowest hazard.
Open shelves used for the storage of hazardous chemicals shall be
well-anchored, painted, or made of, or covered with, chemicalresistant materials. (See Appendix J - Short List of Incompatible
Materials) Work areas should not be used for long-term storage.
Storage of glass chemical containers on the laboratory work area
floor shall be strictly prohibited.
2.
Flammable liquids
The total allowable quantities of flammable liquids, including
waste, in research laboratories which are separated from nonlaboratory areas according to existing fire codes, shall be the
following:
a.
Twenty gallons are allowed per 100 square feet of a
properly fire separated laboratory unit. Ten gallons are
allowed per 100 square feet in non-fire separated lab units.
This volume includes flammable liquids stored in safety
cans and proper storage cabinets. The maximum allowable
volume of flammable liquids is 120 gallons in a single
laboratory unit.
b.
Up to 35 gallons of flammable solvents which are outside
of flammable storage cabinets are allowed in a laboratory.
Of this amount, 25 gallons must be contained in 2 gallon
or smaller approved safety cans. The remaining ten
gallons may be kept in other containers such as the
original five-gallon shipping container, glassware and
squeeze bottles.
c.
No more than two 60-gallon capacity cabinets are allowed
per laboratory unit.
d.
Quantities allowed within an instructional laboratory unit
shall be restricted to one-half that allowed in a research
laboratory unit.
e.
Dispensing of flammable liquids from containers larger
than five-gallon capacity, shall only be performed in a
proper dispensing area per National Fire Protection
Association (NFPA) 30. The dispensing area, if also used
for bulk storage, shall be separated from the laboratory
work area, per NFPA 45. (Please consult ESD for copies of
applicable regulations.) Dispensing from larger containers
can be arranged by contacting CRS.
Section 2 - 2
3.
f.
No containers larger than five-gallon capacity are allowed
for storage inside the laboratory area. Containers larger
than five gallons used for dispensing shall be properly
bonded and grounded to prevent a static discharge as an
ignition source.
g.
Storage of flammable liquids in refrigerators not
specifically designed and approved for that use by a
recognized testing agency shall be strictly prohibited
(please consult ESD for acceptable specifications). A
flammable materials storage refrigerator/freezer has a
spark proof interior that separates the contents from the
compressor and motor. The explosion proof
refrigerator/freezer is for the storage of volatile materials
in areas away from possible spark hazards from electrical
devices or other potential fire hazards.
Flammable and other pressurized gases
Storage of pressurized gas cylinders shall comply with NFPA 45
(see Appendix C for guidelines.)
4.
Acids and bases
Acids shall be separated from caustics and from active metals
such as sodium, magnesium and potassium. Acids shall be
separated from chemicals that can generate toxic gases on contact,
such as sodium cyanide and iron sulfide. Large bottles of acids
shall be stored on lower shelves or in acid cabinets. Oxidizing
acids (nitric, perchloric) shall be separated from organic acids,
flammable, and combustible materials. Separation of nitric and
perchloric acid from other acids may be accomplished by placing
in an unbreakable chemical resistant carrier. (See Appendix J for
specific precautions for perchloric acid use.) Mild acids and bases
such as citric acid and sodium carbonate may be stored with other
low-hazard reagents. Opened containers of acids and bases
should be stored in a chemical resistant secondary container (pan
or tray), i.e., nalgene. H2 SO4 should be kept separate (separate
secondary containers) from HCL.
5.
Peroxide-forming chemicals
Peroxide-forming chemicals shall be stored in a dark, cool, and
dry place. Peroxide-forming chemicals shall be labeled with the
date received and date opened (see Appendix I for lists of
peroxide forming chemicals.) It is recommended that opened
containers not be kept longer than six months except when
inhibitors are present (see manufacturers recommendations).
Section 2 - 3
6.
Water-reactive chemicals
Water-reactive chemicals shall be kept in a cool and dry place.
Metal specific class D extinguishers shall be made available in
laboratories where on pound or greater of water-reactive
materials are used or stored. See Appendix J and reference this
list of Common Water Reactives.
7.
Oxidizers
Oxidizers shall be stored away from flammable, combustible,
and reducing agents (e.g., zinc, alkaline metals).
8.
Toxic chemicals
Toxic chemicals shall be stored according to the nature of the
chemical, with appropriate warnings and security. Toxic
chemicals shall not be stored with flammable chemicals, i.e.,
chloroform, etc.
II.
III.
Transportation and shipment of hazardous chemicals on- and off-campus. If you
plan on shipping hazardous chemicals while traveling abroad or from a location
off of the UGA main campus, you MUST follow the procedures outlined below
in subset A.
A.
Contact ESD Hazardous Material Treatment Facility for
information concerning the transportation or shipment of any hazardous
material to an off-site location which will require the services of any
common carrier by ground or air. Please reference the HM Shipping
procedures.
B.
Personal vehicles shall not be used to transport hazardous materials.
When transporting hazardous materials in a UGA vehicle, please contact
Hazardous Materials at 706-369-5706.
C.
Any hazardous chemical transported by hand between laboratories or oncampus buildings is to be contained in a chemical-resistant unbreakable
carrier capable of containing the entire volume of the chemical being
transported.
D.
When receiving gas cylinders or transporting them from a common
storage area, ensure that they are secured to a hand truck. Never roll
cylinders across the floor. Protective caps should be in place prior to
transport. See “A Guide to Relocating Hazardous Materials”.
Safe work practices
A. Exposure minimization
1.
General precautions for handling all laboratory chemicals
outlined in this manual should be adopted, along with specific
guidelines for particular chemicals as needed.
Section 2 - 4
B.
2.
Exposure to hazardous chemicals should be minimized. For work
with substances that present special hazards, special precautions
shall be taken. One should assume that any mixture will be more
hazardous than its most hazardous component and that all
substances of unknown hazard are hazardous. Refer to the
material safety data sheet (MSDS) for specific information about a
chemical or product containing hazardous chemicals. (MSDS are
available at http://esd.uga.edu/chemical-lab-safety/right-know/msds-access.
3.
The best way to prevent exposure to airborne substances is to
prevent their escape into the working atmosphere by use of fume
hoods and other local ventilation devices. All individuals
handling hazardous chemicals in the laboratory shall be trained in
the proper operation and use of fume hoods and other local
ventilation devices (see Section 2.IV, chemical fume hood use.)
4.
Develop and encourage safe habits and avoid unnecessary
exposure to chemicals by any route. Do not smell or taste
chemicals. Vent any apparatus that may discharge particularly
hazardous chemicals into local exhaust devices. Chemicals shall
be properly stored and used to prevent exposure. Appropriate
personal protective equipment (PPE) shall be provided to
employees working in areas where hazardous substances are in
use (see Section 2.VI. for PPE requirements.) Employees shall be
trained in the safe use and maintenance of PPE provided in the
laboratory. Test positive pressure glove boxes for leaks before use.
Do not allow release of toxic substances into any building area,
only into an appropriate local exhaust device ducted to the
outdoors.
PELs, TLVs, or RELs
The permissible exposure limits (PEL) of the Occupational Safety and
Health Administration, the threshold limit values (TLV) of the American
Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, and the
recommended exposure limits (REL) of the National Institute for
Occupational Safety and Health shall not be exceeded. These levels may
be found on the MSDS of any hazardous chemical or by contacting ESD.
ESD will address any occupational exposure concerns.
C.
Chemical selection
Use only those chemicals that can be used safely in the available
ventilation system of the facility being used.
D.
Eating, etc.
Eating, drinking, smoking, or application of cosmetics is not allowed in
Section 2 - 5
laboratories that use hazardous agents. Hands shall be washed before
conducting these activities outside of the laboratory. No food or product
intended for consumption shall be stored in areas where chemicals are
stored. Glassware or utensils that are also used for laboratory operations
shall not be used with food or beverages.
E.
Glassware
Handle and store laboratory glassware with care to avoid damage; do not
use damaged glassware. Use extra care with Dewar flasks and other
evacuated or pressurized glass apparatus; shield or wrap them to contain
chemicals and fragments should implosion occur.
F.
G.
Sharps and needles
1.
All sharps (needles, knives, scalpels, broken glassware, Pasteur
pipettes, etc.) shall be placed in approved, impervious sharps
containers (available from CRS). Sharps and sharps containers
should never be disposed of in the general trash. Contact the
UGA Biosafety Office for instructions regarding disposal
methods.
2.
Sharps containers shall not be overfilled.
3.
Needles shall not be recapped but placed directly into an
appropriate sharps container after each use.
4.
Needles shall not be cut as a form of disposal.
Personal hygiene
Thoroughly wash hands immediately after working with chemicals.
Liquid rather than bar soap and paper towels, appropriately protected
from contamination, are to be supplied at hand washing areas.
H.
Visitors
No unsupervised children under 16 years of age shall be allowed into any
laboratory or unseparated office space. No pets shall be allowed into the
laboratory. Visitors should be warned of hazards present in the
laboratory.
I.
Horseplay
Practical jokes or other behavior that might confuse, startle, or distract
another worker shall be prohibited in laboratories.
J.
Mouth pipetting
Section 2 - 6
Mouth suction for pipetting or starting a siphon shall not be allowed.
K.
Personal apparel
Low-heeled, closed-toe shoes shall be worn when handling hazardous
chemicals. Appropriate apparel, as described in Section 2.VI shall be
worn when working with hazardous chemicals.
L.
Personal housekeeping
Work areas shall be kept clean and uncluttered.
M.
Planning
Seek information and advice about hazards, plan appropriate protective
procedures, and plan positioning of equipment before beginning any
new operation. A dry run is highly recommended for new procedures or
for personnel unfamiliar with the techniques. (See Appendix J for
guidelines and recommendations for formulating protocols.)
N.
Vigilance
Be alert for unsafe conditions and notify the appropriate supervisor if a
problem is detected.
O.
Working alone
Working alone with hazardous chemicals in a laboratory is discouraged.
Potentially dangerous operations should be noted on the lab door and
how to contact responsible lab personnel. (See Appendix D for
recommended posting forms.)
P.
First aid
Each laboratory facility should have a well supplied first aid kit readily
available and prominently displayed or location posted. The kit should
be checked regularly and supplies replenished. It is recommended that
any injury occurring in a laboratory be checked out be a physician (see
Section 2.IX.A).
Q.
Gas cylinders
All gas cylinders shall be handled in accordance with NFPA procedures
given in Appendix C.
IV.
Chemical fume hood use
Section 2 - 7
A.
Purchasing
The purchase of all laboratory fume hoods shall follow Board of Regents’
standards. ESD is responsible for inspecting fume hoods after installation
or modification to determine if they conform to these standards. It is
recommended that ESD be consulted during the purchasing process.
B.
Airflow
Airflow into and within the fume hood shall not be excessively turbulent;
fume hood face velocity shall be adequate as specified by the Board of
Regents, namely averaging 100 linear feet per minute at full open sash
with no greater than a ± 20% variation across the open face of the hood.
Air disturbances at the face of the fume hood should be avoided.
C.
Testing and certification
Quality and quantity of hood performance shall be evaluated by ESD on
installation, regularly certified (at least annually) and whenever a change
in local ventilation devices is made.
D.
Hood sash
The fume hood sash should be closed when the hood is not in use. As
much as possible, work in the hood should be performed with the sash
open 10—12 inches.
E.
Use
Fume hoods should be kept clean and uncluttered. Work within the hood
should be carried out at least six inches back from the front opening.
Electrical receptacles or other spark sources shall be protected from
flammable vapors. No permanent electrical receptacles shall be permitted
in the hood. No chemical fume hood shall be used for the storage of
chemicals or equipment unless they are a component of the operation for
which the hood is being used or the hood is for the sole purpose of
storage. Hood sashes should be closed as much as possible. The slots in
the hood baffle shall be kept free of obstruction by apparatus or
containers. Measures should be taken to prevent Kimwipes, tissues, or
other articles from being drawn up into the exhaust duct. Bench coat
surface protectors or other materials shall not obstruct hood air foils.
Laboratory doors opening into main corridors shall be kept closed unless
specifically designed and permitted by codes to be left open. The heating
of perchloric acid in any hood other than a special purpose perchloric
acid hood shall be prohibited. No cutting of holes or other unauthorized
alteration of a chemical fume hood or its duct work shall be performed.
Hoods that are malfunctioning or posted with a Danger - Inadequate Air
Flow sign shall not be used for any operation using hazardous chemicals.
Section 2 - 8
Any signs of reduced flow or other problems shall be promptly reported
to a supervisor.
F.
Laminar flow, biosafety cabinets
Please refer to UGA Biosafety Manual
V.
Housekeeping, maintenance, and inspections
A.
Work spaces
Laboratory aisle spaces must be maintained unobstructed and work
stations uncluttered.
B.
Inspections
Inspections (audits) will be conducted by ESD laboratory safety
personnel. It is recommended that laboratory personnel conduct regular
self inspections. (See Appendix D for the current ESD laboratory safety
survey form.)
C.
Maintenance
Emergency showers and eyewash stations shall be tested annually for
functionality by ESD with a record of testing attached. Make sure each
emergency shower and eyewash has a test tag attached to it. If not, please
contact Environmental Safety for testing. Eyewash stations should be
flushed on a weekly basis by laboratory personnel. It is recommended
that an eyewash testing log be kept. Other safety equipment (e.g., gloves,
guards, goggles, glasses, carriers, etc.) should be inspected by lab
personnel prior to use.
D.
Passageways
Stairways and hallways shall not be used as storage areas. Access to exits,
emergency equipment, and utility controls shall never be blocked or
obstructed.
E.
Exit doors
Doors that open into exit corridors or enclosures must be kept closed
unless permitted by fire codes to be kept open.
VI.
Personal protective equipment (PPE)
A.
Skin absorption protection (gloves, aprons, and lab coats)
Section 2 - 9
B.
1.
Personnel performing procedures that use chemicals that can
irritate or be absorbed by the skin shall wear appropriate PPE.
2.
PPE such as gloves and aprons resistant to the chemical to be used
shall be provided to workers when the potential for skin
absorption exists. Check manufacturer’s specifications to
determine breakthrough time for the specific glove and chemical.
Laboratory coats are intended to prevent contact with the minor
chemical splashes and spills encountered in a laboratory.
Laboratory coats which do not significantly resist penetration by
organic liquids shall be removed immediately when they become
contaminated. Laboratory coats shall be worn in the immediate
areas where hazardous chemicals are handled or used. Laboratory
coats used during the handling of hazardous chemicals,
biologicals, or radioactive substances should not be worn in other
areas outside the laboratory such as offices, cafeterias, or libraries.
Eye protection
All employees and students who participate in or observe any of the
following functions shall be provided with and shall wear protection
devices: chemical, physical, or combined chemical-physical operations
involving caustic, toxic, irritant, or explosive materials, hot liquids or
solids, injurious radiation, or any dispensing of hazardous chemicals.
Ensure when ordering that the manufacturer of the eye protection
specifies that it conforms to ANSI Z 87.1.
C.
1.
Chemical splash goggles which have splash proof sides to fully
protect the eyes or a face shield shall be worn when participating
in or observing procedures using liquid hazardous chemicals
which are corrosive or have a health hazard rating of 3 or 4.
2.
Impact-resistant safety glasses with side shields must be worn
when performing or observing procedures where powders, chips,
or other flying particles are the primary hazard.
3.
Eyewear should be cleaned before being issued to a different
employee. It is recommended that contact lenses not be worn
(even with additional eye protection) in environments involving
chemical splash or vapor exposure.
Respiratory protection
Advice regarding the purchase of respirators is available from ESD. Any
laboratory operation in which respirators are provided must conform to
the University’s respirator program (see Appendix E). All operations
within a laboratory facility that involve the transfer or alteration of a
Section 2 - 10
hazardous chemical which may generate air contaminants at or above the
appropriate TLV shall be carried out in a chemical fume hood
appropriate for the work being performed. Contact ESD with any
questions concerning respirator use.
VII.
Records
A.
Inventory
A hazardous chemical list for each laboratory will be maintained by the
lab supervisor, updated periodically and made accessible to laboratory
personnel. The list should include CAS number, hazard class, NFPA
hazard rating, if available, and storage codes. The chemical inventory
database maintained by CRS will provide information regarding
chemicals purchased and delivered to the labs and should serve as the
basis for the hazardous chemical list. Contact CRS for details on accessing
and modifying this database.
VIII.
B.
All laboratories using hazardous chemicals should develop specific
chemical standard operating procedures as provided for in the chemicalspecific right to know training implementation plan as part of the
mandated University right to know plan. (See Appendix J for sample
operating procedures which must be kept as part of this manual and
which may be expanded based on individual laboratory operating
procedures.)
C.
Signed documentation of annual chemical-specific right to know training,
as required by the University’s right to know plan, shall be maintained
by the laboratory supervisor. This does not include the human resources
new employee orientation training. Check with your departmental or
unit right to know coordinator for your departments record keeping
system. (See Appendix D for right to know training forms.) Online
training is offered at http://esd.uga.edu/chemical-lab-safety/training.
Signs and labels
A.
Laboratory corridor doors shall display approved CAUTION door signs
(see Appendix D for request form and Appendix J for instructions on
“How to Properly Complete a Caution Sign). All required laboratory
emergency information shall be provided on the CAUTION sign.
Laboratory CAUTION door signs and labels shall be updated as
necessary and at least annually. Principal hazardous materials and their
amounts shall be listed. Requests for Caution door signs.
B.
Laboratory refrigerators and microwave ovens
All laboratory refrigerators, freezers, and microwaves shall be affixed
with an approved Notice - Laboratory Use Only sign available from
Section 2 - 11
ESD. Only refrigerators specifically designed and approved by a
recognized testing agency as explosion-proof or explosion-resistant shall
be used for flammable storage. If the refrigerator is not explosion-proof
or intrinsically safe, it shall be affixed with the approved label “NoticeDo Not Store Flammables in This Box,” available from ESD.
C.
Laboratory work areas
Telephone numbers of emergency personnel/facilities, supervisors, and
laboratory workers should be posted by a central phone. Areas where
hazardous materials are stored should be posted with proper hazard
warning signs. (See Appendix D for examples of recommended work
area signs and posting.) A list of emergency phone numbers is included
in the appendices and is on the cover of this manual.
D.
Primary chemical containers shall be affixed with a legible manufacturer
label.
E.
Secondary containers containing
1.
Non-hazardous chemicals shall be affixed with labels listing the
identity of its contents
2.
All chemicals intended for use in less than one day by a single
user do not need to be labeled
3.
Hazardous chemicals intended for storage and use for a period
greater than one day shall be affixed with labels listing
a.
the identity of the hazardous chemical
b.
the date filled
c.
the hazard warning (see Appendix D for hazard warning
designations and abbreviations)
4.
Batches of vials or test tubes containing chemicals of the same
hazard may have the hazard labels affixed to a common carrier or
box. All other such secondary containers must be appropriately
labeled as noted above.
5.
The chemical identity given on a chemical label must be in plain
English, and must list the chemical’s common name given on the
MSDS or manufacturer’s label, or an accepted UGA abbreviation
or acronym (see Appendix D for accepted abbreviation or
acronyms).
6.
The chemical’s hazard warning may be provided by use of either
Section 2 - 12
the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) hazard warning
system, Hazardous Materials Identification System (HMIS)
hazard warning system or the UGA hazard warning abbreviation
warning system (see Appendix D for full explanation of these
systems).
7.
IX.
If abbreviations are used on any chemical labeling all abbreviation
and acronyms used must be posted in the lab (see Appendix D for
appropriate postings).
Spills and other laboratory accidents
A.
The laboratory supervisor should see that all serious injuries which
require medical attention shall be reported by calling 9-911. All incidents
that result in an injury or property damage are to be reported using a
University Incident/Accident Report form which should be available in
the offices of department or division heads.
B.
Chemical exposures
1.
Eye contact
Promptly flush eyes with water from an emergency eyewash or
other suitable eye irrigation method for a prolonged period (15
minutes is recommended by hospitals) and seek medical
attention.
2.
Ingestion
Contact the local poison control center or hospital and follow
directions (see front cover of manual or Section 1.IV.B.1e. for
phone numbers).
3.
Skin contact
Promptly flush the affected area with copious amounts of water
from safety shower, sink or other appropriate source, and seek
medical attention. Remove any clothing that may have chemical
contamination to prevent further exposure.
C.
Uncontrolled release or spill
1.
All laboratories that handle hazardous chemicals shall have an
appropriate supply of spill cleanup kits prominently displayed or
location posted. The supply must be capable of containing or
cleaning up small, known chemical releases. Laboratory
personnel should not attempt to clean up a spill of hazardous
chemicals if appropriate spill cleanup supplies and protective
Section 2 - 13
equipment are not available, or if the chemical or level of
exposure hazard is unknown. In these cases, contact ESD for
assistance. (See Appendix J.)
2.
X.
Laboratory sinks should be periodically inspected for leaks, and
traps kept full of water to prevent drain vapors from entering the
laboratory.
Electrical safety
All electrical equipment and apparatuses must be double insulated or grounded.
The following instructions are mandated by the State Fire Marshal. The use of
extension cords should be avoided. When extension devices (an enclosure with
multiple sockets) must be temporarily used, the wire gauge of the device must
be equal to or larger than the cord on the item being operated. No extension
device shall be attached to building surfaces (using staples, nails, etc.) Extension
devices equipped with surge protectors may be permanently used with
equipment that contain microprocessors (e.g., to connect computer equipment).
Surge protectors should not be used in areas subject to moisture, physical or
chemical damage or flammable vapors. Surge protectors must be UL 1449 or
Transient Voltage Surge Suppresser (TVSS) approved.
XI.
Mechanical hazards
Mechanical hazards in the laboratory shall be evaluated by the supervisor and
appropriate safety precautions implemented. Safety precautions shall be adopted
in accordance with equipment manufacturer’s recommendations. Mechanical
hazards shall be minimized by guarding exposed moving mechanisms such as
belts ,pulleys, and blades, or placing equipment in areas which protect workers
from moving mechanisms. If flying particles may be produced, shatter resistant
safety glasses shall be provided and worn (see Section 2.VI.B). Hearing
protection may also be required if 85 dB is exceeded for any 8-hour period; if so,
a hearing conservation program shall be implemented (contact ESS for
information). Standard operating procedures should be developed for any
equipment that may represent mechanical hazards (see Appendix J for
guidelines or contact ESD).
XII.
Synthesized chemicals
If hazardous chemical substances are developed in the laboratory for in-house
use, appropriate training shall be given to personnel as with any other
hazardous chemical. If the chemical produced is a by-product whose
composition is not known, it shall be assumed that the substance is hazardous.
Synthesized chemicals and their known by-products shall be identified and
stored by chemical class and shall be labeled in accordance with Section 2.VIII.
Section 2 - 14
XIII.
Laboratory decommissioning
The following procedures shall be carried out and a Laboratory
Decommissioning (Procedure for Closing a Laboratory) Form must be (see
Appendix D) completed when the responsible individual leaves the University
or transfers to a different laboratory. Upon completion, the laboratory closing
form shall be signed by all responsible parties. For personnel leaving the
University this form must be attached to the Human Resources check-out form
and a copy sent to Human Resources.
A.
Chemicals
The supervisor shall ensure that all containers of chemicals are labeled
with the name of the contents. All containers are to be securely closed.
Beakers, flasks, dishes, etc., shall be emptied and cleaned. (Check all
refrigerators, freezers, fume hoods, and cabinets.) Determine which
materials are usable and transfer the surplus to another user who is
willing to take charge of them. If a user cannot be found, it shall be
disposed of through the UGA waste disposal program. All fume hood
surfaces and counter tops shall be washed off. The respective department
head is to be notified when the laboratory has been cleaned.
B.
Gas cylinders
If gas cylinders are not returnable, contact ESD for advice.
C.
Animal and human tissue
If tissue is held in a liquid preservative, tissue and liquid shall be
separated. Contact the University biosafety officer for instructions
regarding proper disposal of human tissue. Animal tissue can be
disposed of by incineration or by placing in a biohazard bag for proper
treatment. Defrost and clean refrigerators and freezers if they are empty.
If samples are to be saved, locate an appropriate person to take
responsibility for them and notify the department head. The liquid
preservative should be disposed of as a chemical waste.
D.
Microorganisms and cultures
Decontaminate culture containers by autoclaving. Decontaminated
plastic containers can be disposed of in regular trash. Clean incubators
and refrigerators. If samples are to be saved, locate an appropriate person
to take responsibility for them and notify the department head. If
questions arise, address them to the UGA biosafety officer.
E.
Radioactive materials
Notify the University radiation safety office of intention to leave the
Section 2 - 15
University or to change laboratories at least one month in advance and
follow the instructions provided by the radiation safety officer.
F.
Equipment
If laboratory equipment is to be left for the next occupant, clean or
decontaminate before departing the laboratory.
XIV.
Hazardous chemical and waste disposal
A.
XV.
All hazardous chemicals and chemical waste shall be disposed of in
accordance with the most current revision of the University of Georgia
Hazardous Materials Program Manual. (See Appendix G for the
University’s hazardous chemical waste summary procedures, and
Appendix H for the University’s chemical waste minimization
procedures.) The waste minimization procedures includes guidelines for
bench top treatment of chemicals and procedures for surplus
redistribution.
Fire Safety
A.
Appropriate fire extinguisher(s) should be available to occupied labs and
placed 75 feet apart. The fire safety office at Environmental Safety is
responsible for maintaining annual inspections and monthly checks of
fire extinguishers. Make sure the fire extinguisher is located near the exit
and visible for use in case of emergency. The fire extinguisher should
have an annual inspection tag on it. (See Appendix J)
Section 2 - 16
Section 3.
I.
The Laboratory Facilities
Minimum design provision
Laboratories shall be constructed in accordance with NFPA 45 and the
University System of Georgia Board of Regents’ standards. All laboratory
facilities shall have the following minimum provisions:
II.
A.
An appropriate general ventilation system with air intakes and exhausts
located so as to avoid reentry of contaminated air
B.
Adequate chemical storage facilities having well-anchored chemicalresistant shelving, appropriate approved flammable storage and
dispensing areas for the volume of flammables to be used, and approved
acid and special hazard storage cabinets appropriate for the hazards
present
C.
Laboratory fume hoods appropriate for the hazards present (see
Appendix F)
D.
Sinks appropriate for hand washing and the cleaning of glassware and
equipment
E.
Plumbed eyewash stations which meet the requirements of ANSI Z358.1
shall be provided in the laboratory areas in a location that provides
access within ten seconds from any point in the laboratory
F.
Plumbed emergency showers which meet the requirements of ANSI
Z358.1 shall be provided in new or newly-renovated laboratories, within
the laboratory area; in existing laboratories, within a distance of no
greater than 30.5 meters (100 feet) from the most remote area of the
laboratory
G.
Break areas physically separated from contamination of laboratory and
chemical storage operations
H.
Entrance doors to laboratories which meet fire separation requirements
and shall not be used for ventilation purposes
I.
Vision panels which meet separation requirements and shall not exceed
100 square inches
Construction and renovation review
Since ESD is charged with the responsibility of inspecting all laboratories to
determine if they conform to the policies set forth in this manual, it is
recommended that ESD be consulted prior to construction and/or major
renovation of any laboratory facility. In the event an agreement on safety issues
Section 3 - 1
cannot be attained, the issues will be addressed by the Committee. The parties
have a right to appeal any Committee decision to a committee consisting of the
vice president for research, the vice president for academic affairs, and the vice
president for business and finance, or their representatives, for a final resolution.
III.
General laboratory ventilation
A.
Purpose and use
This system shall provide a source of air for breathing and for input to
local ventilation devices; it should ensure that laboratory air is
continually replaced, preventing increase of air concentration of toxic
substances during the day; direct air flow into the laboratory from nonlaboratory areas and out to the exterior of the building; and it should not
be relied on for protection from toxic substances released into the
laboratory.
B.
Modifications
Any alteration of the ventilation system should be made only if thorough
testing indicates that worker protection from airborne toxic substances
will continue to be adequate.
C.
Performance
Six to twelve room air changes per hour are normally adequate general
ventilation, if local exhaust systems such as fume hoods are used as the
primary method of control. Doors to the laboratory opening onto
corridors shall be kept closed to ensure correct air flow unless specifically
designed to be kept in the open position.
D.
Quality
General air flow should not be turbulent and should be relatively
uniform throughout the laboratory, with no high velocity or stagnant air.
IV.
Other ventilation devices
A.
Questions concerning ventilated storage cabinets, canopy hoods, and
snorkels should be directed to ESD (2-5801). Approved ventilated storage
cabinets can be obtained from CRS.
B.
UGA prohibits the use of ductless fume hoods.
C.
Central vacuum pumps must be trapped and vented directly to the
outside. Local vacuum pumps shall be trapped and appropriately
filtered. Good maintenance of traps and filters is essential.
Section 3 - 2
V.
Exhaust stacks
Chemical fume hood stacks shall extend above the building structure a
minimum of seven feet and one duct diameter length above any parapet wall.
Discharge velocity of hood stacks shall provide a minimum exit velocity of 2,500
fpm. These are minimum requirements. Greater heights or velocities may be
required, due to building design or wind speed, to prevent reentry of chemical
exhaust into the building.
Section 3 - 3
Section 4.
I.
Particularly Hazardous Substances
General requirements
A.
Procedures and practices
1.
Definition
“Particularly hazardous substances” as termed by OSHA include
“select carcinogens,” reproductive toxins, and substances that
have a high degree of acute toxicity. A substance of high acute
toxicity is one for which acute or short-term toxicity characterizes
the response (e.g., fast-acting substances, or irritants, and
narcosis-producing substances). Any substances having an oral
LD50 in mammals of 50 mg or less per kilogram of body weight,
an inhalation LC50 in mammals of 100 parts per million (ppm), or
a dermal LD50 in mammals of 50 mg or less per kilogram of body
weight is considered highly toxic. (See Appendix I for lists of
peroxide forming and cancer causing chemicals.)
2.
Designated areas
Conduct all work and transfers with these substances in a
“designated area” (a restricted access fume hood, glove box, or
portion of a laboratory designated for use of highly toxic
substances,) for which all people with access are aware of the
substances being used and necessary precautions. Use and store
these substances only in areas of restricted access with special
warning signs.
3.
Personal protection
Always avoid skin contact by wearing the proper gloves,
laboratory coat, and any other appropriate apparel. Always wash
hands immediately after working with these materials.
4.
Prevention of spills and accidents
Be prepared for accidents and spills. Assure that at least two
people are present at all times if a compound in use is highly toxic
or of unknown toxicity. Store breakable containers of these
substances in chemical resistant trays. Work and mount apparatus
above such trays, or cover work and storage surfaces with
removable, absorbent, plastic backed paper. If a major spill occurs
outside the fume hood, evacuate the area and contact ESD.
5.
Non-contamination/decontamination
Section 4 - 1
Protect vacuum pumps against contamination with scrubbers, or
HEPA filters. Decontaminate vacuum pumps or other
contaminated equipment, including glassware, in the fume hood
before moving them from the designated area. Decontaminate the
designated area before normal work is resumed. Material used
during decontamination shall be considered as hazardous waste
and disposed of appropriately.
6.
Spills
Assure that contingency plans, equipment, and materials to
minimize exposures of people and property are available in case
of accident.
7.
Storage
Store containers of these chemicals only in a ventilated, limited
access area in appropriately labeled, unbreakable, chemical
resistant, secondary containers.
II.
Standard operating procedures for particularly hazardous substances
Prior to using any particularly hazardous substance (defined in
Appendix I), a standard operating procedure should be developed for its
safe storage, handling, and disposal. (See Appendix J for sample standard
operating procedures [perchloric acid].)
Section 4 - 2
Chemical and Laboratory Safety Committee
Voting Members
Chairman
Dr. Michael Pierce, Professor, UGA Cancer Research Center Director
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, CCRC
(706) 542-1702
hawkeye@uga.edu
Mr. Brian Adams, Program Coordinator
Hazardous Materials Program
(706) 369-5706
badams@esd.uga.edu
Dr. Michael Mispagel, Quality Assurance
Officer, AHRC Facilities Manager
Dean’s Office, Veterinary Medicine
(706) 542-5729
mispagel@vet.uga.edu
Dr. Carl Bergman, Assoc. Research Scientist
Mr. Donald Mosser, Env. Safety Manager
Complex Carbohydrate Research Center
Savannah River Ecology Laboratories
(706) 542-4487
(803) 725-5299
cberg@ccrc.uga.edu
mosser@srel.edu
Mr. Bill Favaloro, Env Safety Coordinator
Dr. Ian Hardin, Professor
Environmental Safety Division
Textiles, Merchandise and Interiors
583-0449
(706) 542-0357
wfavaloro@esd.uga.edu
ihardin@fcs.uga.edu
Dr. Jaroslava Halper, Professor
Dr. Larry Morris, Professor
Department of Pathology
School of Forest Resources
(706) 542-5830
(706) 542-2532
jhalper@uga.edu
lmorris@uga.edu
Dr. Rob Jackson, Dept. Chair
Lamar Dodd School of Art
Dr. Jim Nelson, Assoc. Professor
(706) 542-1657
Skidaway Institute of Oceanography
jacksonr@uga.edu
(912)598-2473
jim.nelson@skio.usg.edu
Dr. Russell Malmberg, Assoc. Dean
Arts & Sciences
(706) 542-5952
malmberg@uga.edu
Mr. Jerry NeSmith, Director
Research Services, OVPR
(706) 542-2411
nesmithj@uga.edu
Dr. John Stickney, Professor, Dept. Head
Chemistry, NanoSEC
(706) 542-1967
Dr. Robert Maier, Professor, Eminent Scholar stickney@chem.uga.edu
Microbiology
Dr. Randy Walker, Director
(706) 542-2323
Marine Extension Service
rmaier@uga.edu
(706) 542-5956
Dr. George Majetich, Professor
walker@uga.edu
Chemistry
Dr. Zheng-Hua Ye, Assoc. Professor
(706) 542-1966
Plant Biology
majetich@chem.uga.edu
(706) 542-1832
zhye@plantbio.uga.edu
Appendix B
Unsafe
Laboratory Closure
Policy
Unsafe Laboratory Closure Policy
Chemical and Laboratory Safety Committee (CLSC)
I.
Notice of Unacceptable Laboratory Operations
A.
Chronic non-compliance with established safe practices resulting in serious but not
immediate risk to the health and/or safety of workers and/or students.
1.
The primary researcher and department/unit head shall be given a written notice
of safety violations under his/her supervision and reasonable deadlines for
remedial actions. Such deadlines shall be established by the laboratory safety
officer and shall be commensurate with the seriousness of the situation.
2.
The researcher may request additional time from the ESD administration.
3.
If sufficient action has not been taken to correct the situation, within the allotted
time-frame, a second written notice shall be sent to the primary researcher, the
researcher's department/unit head and dean, and the chair of the CLSC.
4.
The primary researcher will be given a new compliance deadline.
5.
If, following the allotted remediation time insufficient action has been taken, the
laboratory operation will be reviewed by the CLSC.
6.
At the next regularly scheduled quarterly meeting of the CLSC, all laboratories
under review by the Committee will be discussed and appropriate action will be
decided by a 2/3 Committee vote.
B. Unsafe practices which pose a serious and immediate risk to workers and/or students.
1.
The Environmental Safety Division specialist on the scene shall immediately
notify available laboratory personnel of the safety concern, initiate evacuation of
endangered areas, and put into effect emergency response procedures.
2.
The specialist shall notify the Environmental Safety Division immediate
supervisor and stand by for further instructions.
3.
The Environmental Safety Division immediate supervisor, upon collaboration
with the specialist and the associate vice president, may order the endangered area
closed indefinitely per review by the CLSC.
4.
If closure is mandated, the associate vice president of the Environmental Safety
Division shall notify the chair of the CLSC or the committee vice-chair; the
Appendix B 2
primary researcher in charge of the laboratory in question; the researcher's
department/unit head and dean, the vice president of academic affairs; the vice
president of research; and the vice president for business and finance.
II.
5.
The CLSC chair shall convene an emergency meeting of the Committee.
6.
The CLSC shall discuss the laboratory closure and determine any corrective action
to be taken by a 2/3 Committee vote.
Corrective Actions Suggested by the CLSC:
A. Action concerning non-immediate hazards
1.
The CLSC shall review all serious safety citations at its regularly scheduled
quarterly meeting. Based upon the citation and any additional related
circumstances presented by the primary researcher, the Committee may take any
of the following actions:
a.
b.
c.
2.
Dismiss the citation by permitting a waiver.
Establish a new deadline for remedial actions.
Issue authorization to close the laboratory until corrective actions are taken.
A letter outlining actions by the committee shall be sent by the CLSC chair to the
primary researcher, the researcher's department/unit head and dean, the vice
president of academic affairs, the vice president for research, and the senior vice
president for business and finance.
B. Actions concerning conditions which pose an immediate threat to health and safety.
1.
Following notification of emergency closure of a laboratory operation by the
associate vice president of the Environmental Safety Division, the CLSC chair
shall call an emergency meeting of the Committee.
2.
The Committee shall discuss the closed laboratory operation and taken any one
of the following actions:
a.
b.
3.
Authorize the reopening of the laboratory operation under specifically
expressed guidelines.
Issue authorization to continue closure of the laboratory until corrective
actions are taken.
The CLSC chair shall prepare a written statement of committee actions. This
shall be sent to the primary researcher, the researcher's department/unit head and
dean, the vice president for academic affairs, the vice president for research, and
senior vice president for business and finance.
III.
Appeal of Committee Action
A.
Action taken by the committee may be appealed by any directly affected employee of
the University of Georgia.
B.
The employee shall send a written appeal to the chair of the committee. If warranted
a formal hearing will be arranged between the employee and the Committee.
C.
The Committee chair shall respond in writing to the employee specifying a date and
time for the appeal to be presented to the Committee.
D.
After consideration of the appeal, the Committee shall respond to the employee in
writing.
Appendix B 4
Appendix C
Flammable, Oxidizing and
Other Pressurized Gases
Gas Cylinders
I.
Guidelines for using and storing pressurized gases
The following guidelines shall be followed by all personnel using or storing pressurized
gases.
II.
A.
All personnel who will be working in areas where compressed gases are used or
stored shall receive instruction regarding the safe handling of cylinders, the use of
appropriate personal protective equipment, and the steps to be taken in the event
of a leak or fire in an adjacent area.
B.
Do not remove any labels or other form of identification from any gas cylinder.
C.
Know how to detect the presence of leaks from any gas cylinder in your work
area. Of particular importance are flammable and toxic gases. Contact ESD at
2-5801 in the event of a cylinder or valve leak.
Gas cylinder storage and labeling
A.
When receiving a gas cylinder do not accept it until the following items are
verified:
1.
2.
3.
the contents are identified either by labels or stencils,
it contains the appropriate DOT label,
it contains a valve protection cap (if so designed).
B.
Store gas cylinders in a well-ventilated area away from direct heat. All cylinders
must be stored in an upright position secured to a sturdy permanent structure to
prevent the cylinder from falling or being knocked over. Place protective caps on
those cylinders which are not in use. All cylinders should be anchored
individually.
C.
Gases should be stored in accordance with their physical and chemical properties.
See individual material safety data sheets (MSDS) for specifics with regards to
this information.
D.
Close valves on empty gas cylinders and mark them empty. Empty cylinders
should be removed from the lab as soon as possible. (See Appendix D for copies
of optional tags that may be used for labeling gas cylinders.) Store empty and full
gas cylinders separately. Cylinders are considered empty if their pressure is less
than 25 psig. All cylinders will be considered full that are not properly identified.
Appendix C-1
E.
Store flammable gases away from oxidizing gases.
F.
Do not store gas cylinders near elevators, ventilating systems, or other openings
through which gas may spread to other parts of the building should a leak occur.
Do not store cylinders where there is a risk of dropping them or having heavy
objects fall on them.
G.
Cylinders containing gases that are corrosive to cylinders or cylinder valves or that
may become unstable while stored in the cylinder shall have a maximum retention
period of six months, unless a shorter period is otherwise specified by the
manufacturer.
H.
Cylinders of all gases having a health hazard rating of 3 or 4 (refer to the MSDS
for rating) must be kept in a continuous mechanically ventilated storage hood or
other continuous mechanically ventilated enclosure. There must be no more than
three cylinders within the hood or other ventilated enclosure. Contact ESD if you
have questions regarding the storage of cylinders in continuous mechanically
ventilated enclosures/storage hoods.
I.
The maximum volume size of a cylinder of a gas with a health hazard rating of
three or four stored in a laboratory work area shall be limited to 0.1 cubic feet.
Cylinders of a gas with a health hazard rating of three or four stored in a
laboratory work area shall be limited to no more than three maximum size
cylinders or an equivalent volume (0.3 cubic feet) of smaller sized cylinders.
J.
The maximum volume size of a flammable or oxidizing gas cylinder stored in a
laboratory work area shall be limited to two cubic feet. Cylinders of flammable
and/or oxidizing gases stored in a laboratory work area shall be limited to no
more than six maximum sized cylinders or an equivalent volume (12 cubic feet)
of smaller sized cylinders.
K.
The maximum volume size of a liquefied flammable gas cylinder stored in a
laboratory work area shall be limited to 0.6 cubic feet. Cylinders of liquefied
flammable gas stored in a laboratory work area shall be limited to no more than
three maximum sized cylinders or an equivalent volume (1.8 cubic feet) of
smaller size cylinders.
L.
Gas cylinders shall not be retained for more than ten years. Small, disposable,
empty, lecture cylinders may be discarded in the lab trash after the valve stem has
been removed. Small disposable lecture cylinders that are not empty may either
Appendix C-2
be reacted off to render them empty, returned to the supplier or disposed of by a
licensed gas cylinder disposal company. ESD shall be consulted prior to disposing
of a cylinder using the preceding methods. Non-disposable cylinders must be
returned to the supplier.
M.
III.
Cylinders and other containers stored outdoors shall be stored off the ground on a
raised concrete pad and within a covered non-combustible rack. They shall not be
stored where they are at risk of dropping, having heavy objects dropped on them
or being struck by a vehicle.
Proper handling of gas cylinders
A.
Always open cylinder valves slowly. Never force the valve open. If the valve
cannot be opened by the wheel or small wrench provided, return the gas cylinder.
To shut down a system, close the cylinder valve and relieve the pressure from
the entire system through a hose that is not being used.
B.
Never interchange regulators and hose lines among different types of gases.
C.
Always turn off cylinders from the main stem valve (not the regulator). Turn off
cylinders slowly.
D.
Suitable equipment must be available for moving cylinders and other portable
containers. Hand trucks must be equipped with a clamp or chain to secure the
container in place or they must be specifically designed for container handling.
Never drag, roll, or slide a cylinder in an attempt to move it.
E.
Never drop cylinders; never permit cylinders to strike each other; and never strike
cylinders with a metal instrument.
F.
Inspect cylinders regularly for corrosion or leaks. In case of a leak, promptly
remove the cylinder to the outside (in accordance with manufacturers
recommendations) and call ESD for assistance.
G.
Do not use cylinders without a regulator.
H.
Never attempt to refill a cylinder.
I.
Never tamper with any part of a valve such as the safety nuts or packing nuts.
Appendix C-3
Appendix D
Signs, Forms
and Labels
Laboratory Safety Signs, Forms and Labels
This manual includes acceptable chemical labeling practices and acceptable common abbreviations
which may be used on chemical labels, and a laboratory safety evaluation form. The other signs,
forms and labels below can be obtained from the ESD web site or by calling 706-542-5801.
I.
Forms
A.
B.
C.
D.
II.
Postings
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
III.
UGA Laboratory Safety Survey Form
CAUTION Sign Request Form
Fume Hood Certification Request Form
Procedures for opening (commissionin g) or closing (decommissioning) a
laboratory. These procedures should be used in conjunction when adding
additional laboratory space or moving from one laboratory to another
laboratory.
Emergency Phone Numbers (posted by lab phone)
Eyewash Sign
Safety Shower Sign
Chemical Spill Kit Sign
Chemical Storage Plan
Gas Cylinder Tags
Unattended Laboratory Operations
Labeling Systems
A.
B.
C.
Hazardous Chemical Container Labeling
Acceptable Abbreviations for Primary Hazards
Acceptable Chemical Abbreviations for Chemical Secondary Container Labeling
Appendix D - 1
Environmental Safety Division 542-5801
Laboratory Inspection Survey
Department____________________
Principal Investigator______________________________
Building_______________________
Laboratory_____________________
Date:
/
/
Phone and Email Address:_________________________
Lab Contact and Email: ____________________________
ESD Inspector ___________________________________
Section 1 - Laboratory Postings
A. Door signs present/updated
B. Refrigerators have lab use only label
C. Emergency phone numbers posted in lab
Section 2 - Chemical Storage
A. C hem icals s tored by class/co m patibility
B. Acids and b ases in sec ondary containers
C. All chemicals properly labeled
D. No outdated peroxide formers present
E. F lam m able liquids stored pro perly
F. Total flamm able volume allowed in lab OK
G. V olum e ou tside flam m able cab inet O K
H. Explosion proof refrigerator for flamm ables
I. W aste containers properly labeled/stored
J. W aste containers properly closed
K. Gas cylinder properly labeled/anchored
L. Lecture bottles properly labeled/stored
Section 3 - Emergency Equipment
A. Fire extinguishers present/inspected
B. Safety shower:
tested/unobstructed
C. Safety shower location posted
D. Eye wash:
tested/unobstructed
E. Eye wash location posted
F. First aid kit present
G. Spill kit appropriate for laboratory
Section 4 - Laboratory Equipment
A. Belt guarded on motors and pumps
B. Equipment properly grounded
C. Electrical cords not frayed
D. Only UL 1449 rated power strips employed
E. 1449 strips used with computers & equip.
F. Outlet wiring correct
G. Ex ten sion devices used only tem porarily
H. Fum e hood rating (OK , Caution, Dange r)
Section 5 - Laboratory Conditions
A. H and washing fa cilities available
B. Sink conditions OK
C. Corridors and exits unobstructed
D. Aisles unobstructed
E. Lab doors closed to main corridor
F. No eating etc aro und haza rdous chem icals
G. Personal protective equip. available/used
Section 6 - Laboratory Records
A. RTK records and MSDS maintained
B. Chemical inventory kept
Additional Com m ents :
Sat
Unsat N/A Com me nts
Sat
Unsat N/A Com me nts
Sat
Unsat N/A Com me nts
Sat
Unsat N/A Com me nts
Sat
Unsat N/A Com me nts
Sat
Unsat N/A Com me nts
Within two weeks, please address any items noted as unsatisfactory on this form, then contact your laboratory inspector at:
@ esd .ug a.ed u.
Appendix D - 2
Laboratory Inspection Survey - page 2 (Lab Safety Manual References)
Section 1 - Laboratory Postings
A. Door signs present/updated
B. Refrigerators have lab use only label
C. Emergency phone numbers posted in lab
Section 2 - Chemical Storage
A. Chemicals stored by class/compatibility
B. Acids and bases in secondary containers
C. All chemicals properly labeled
D. No outdated peroxide formers present
E. Flammable liquids stored properly
F. Total flammable volume allowed in lab OK
G. Volume outside flammable cabinet OK
H. Explosion proof refrigerator for flammables
I.
Waste containers properly labeled/stored
J. Waste containers properly closed
K. Gas cylinder properly labeled/anchored
L. Lecture bottles properly labeled/stored
Section 3 - Emergency Equipment
A. Fire extinguishers present/inspected
B. Safety shower:
tested/unobstructed
C. Safety shower location posted
D. Eye wash:
tested/unobstructed
E. Eye wash location posted
F. First aid kit present
G. Spill Kit appropriate for laboratory
Section 4 - Laboratory Equipment
A. Belt guarded on motors and pumps
B. Equipment properly grounded
C. Electrical cords not frayed
D. Only UL 1449 rated power strips employed
E. 1449 strips used with computers & equip.
F. Outlet wiring correct
G. Extension cords used temporarily
H. Fume hood rating (OK, Caution, Danger)
Section 5 - Laboratory Conditions
A. Hand washing facilities available
B. Sink conditions OK
C Corridors and exits unobstructed
D. Aisles unobstructed
E. Lab doors closed to main corridor
F. No eating etc around hazardous chemicals
G. Personal protective equip. available/used
Manual Reference
Sec.2.VIII; App.J-6
Sec.2.VIII.B
Sec.2.VIII.C; App.J-1
Manual Reference
Sec.2.I.E.1; App.J-20 & 21
Sec.2.I.E.4; App.J-20 & 21
Sec.2.I.E.1; Sec.2.VIII.E.1; App.J-20 & 21
Sec.2.I.E.1; Sec.2.I.5; App.J-21; App.I-1
Sec.2.I.E.2; App.J-20
Sec.2.I.E.2; App.J-20
Sec.2.I.E.2; App.J-20
Sec.2.I.E.2; App.J-20; Sec.2.VIII.B; Sec.2.I.E.2.G
App.G
App.G
App.C; Sec.2.I.3
App.C
Manual Reference
NFPA 101
Sec.2.V.C; Sec.3.I.F; App.J-17
App.J-3
Sec.2.V.C; Sec.3.I.E; App.J-16
App.J-3
Sec.2.III.P
Sec.2.IX.C.1; App.J - 8 & 11; Sec.4.I.A.5
Manual Reference
Sec.2.XI
Sec.2.X
Sec.2.X
Sec.2.X
Sec.2.X
Sec.2.X
Sec.2.X
Sec.2.IV; App.J-13; App.F
Manual Reference
Sec.2.III.G
Sec.3.I.E
Sec.2.V.A; Sec.2.V.D & E
Sec.2.V.A; Sec.2.V.D & E
Sec.2.V.E; Sec.3.I.H
Sec.2.III.D
Sec.2.VI; Sec.4.I.A.3; App.J-12; Sec.2.III.K
Section 6 - Laboratory Records
Manual Reference
A. RTK records maintained
Sec.2.VII.C; App. D-4; RTK
B. Chemical inventory kept
Sec.2.VII.A
Items marked by arrows are required by the UGA laboratory safety manual. Non marked items are
suggestions for safe laboratory operations. Visit ESD on the web at: http://www.esd.uga.edu
Appendix D - 3
Retain the original signed form in the employee’s personnel file.
Employee On-going Chemical Specific Right to Know Training Record
Employee Name:
Review Period:
Work Location:
Job Assignment:
Supervisor:
Training Included:Personal Protection, Emergency Procedures, Work Area Maintenance, Detection of
Chemical Release, MSDS Review, and Labels.
Type of Training
Annual
Update
Brief Description of
Training Method
Date
New Chemical/
Hazard Product
I acknowledge that I have
been provided training
covering the subject noted
above and that I understand
that training.
Employee Signature and Date
Appendix D - 4
222
Appendix D - 5
1222
!!!!! WARNING !!!
Unattended Laboratory
Operations Authorized
Personnel Only
In the event of an emergency contact:
Name/Phone#
or the Laboratory Principal Investigator:
Name/Phone#
or Environmental Safety Division
at 542-5801
Appendix D - 6
Appendix D - 7
Appendix D - 8
Accepted Chemical Abbreviations for Chemical
Secondary Container Labeling
Acetic Acid
Benzene
Calcium Chloride
Carbon Tetrachloride
Chloroform
Cupric Chloride
Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid
Ethanol
Water
Hydrogen Peroxide
Sulfuric Acid
Hydrochloric Acid
Perchloric Acid
Hydrofluoric Acid
Nitric Acid
Potassium Chloride
Potassium Chlorate
Potassium Nitrite
Potassium Nitrate
Potassium Hydroxide
Potassium Phosphate
Methylene Chloride
Methanol
Magnesium Chloride
Magnesium Sulfate
4-Morpholinepropanesulfonic Acid
Sodium Chloride
Sodium Chlorate
Sodium Nitrite
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate
Sodium Nitrate
Sodium Hydroxide
Sodium Phosphate
Trichloroethylene
Tetrahydrofuran
Appendix D - 9
C2H4O2
C6H6
CaC12
CC14
CHC13
CuC12
EDTA
EtOH
H2O
H2O2
H2SO4
HCL
HC1O4
HF
HNO3
KC1
KC1O3
KNO2
KNO3
KOH
K3PO4
MeC12 or CH2C12
MeOH
MgC12
MgSO4
MOPS buffer
NaC1
NaC1O3
NaNO2
SDS
NaNO3
NaOH
Na3PO4
TCE
THF
Appendix E
Respiratory Protection Program
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION PROGRAM
SCOPE
This program applies to all respirator users at the University of Georgia’s main campus and
at all of its off campus facilities.
POLICY
The primary objective of this program is to provide a means of respiratory protection when
engineering controls (e.g., ventilation, process isolation) are not feasible or adequate. The
program does not diminish the supervisor’s responsibility to minimize employee exposure
to air contaminants.
All respirators shall be used in accordance with current applicable regulations and should
be used in accordance with OSHA (29 CFR 1910.134) and ANSI Z88.2 (Practices for
Respiratory Protection).
In areas where respirators are necessary, employees with facial hair that prevents a proper
seal between the mask and face shall not be permitted to wear respirators. Employees who
are not medically capable of wearing a respirator shall also be prohibited from wearing one.
RESPONSIBILITIES
Environmental Safety Services shall be responsible for:
1.
Assisting departments and supervisors in the identification and evaluation of hazards
for which respiratory protection may be necessary.
2.
Identifying engineering controls which will preclude the need for respirator use.
3.
Providing guidance to the supervisor in the development and implementation of
standard operating procedures for respirator use and maintenance.
4.
Reviewing and maintaining a copy of all written standard operating procedures
established by supervisors in accordance to this policy.
5.
Assisting supervisors and users with the selection of respirators, cartridges, and
related equipment for the control of specific hazards.
6.
Training respirator users and supervisors in the proper use of respirators and
respiratory protection devices.
Appendix E 2
7.
Performing qualitative respirator fit testing for personnel requiring such testing.
8.
Maintaining fit test records, notifying personnel of annual retesting and advising
supervisors of the records they must maintain.
9.
Verifying the effectiveness of the respiratory protection program as it applies to
employees and their work environment through periodic safety audits.
10.
Approving the brand, model and type of respirator prior to it’s use.
Supervisors are responsible for:
1.
Identifying potentially hazardous operations and consulting with ESD to determine
if there is a need for respirator use.
2.
Establishing written standard operating procedures for each operation which requires
the use of a respirator. These procedures must, as a minimum, address the following
areas:
a.
Authorized uses and limitations
b.
Medical qualifications
c.
Training
d.
Fit testing
e.
Responsibilities of the employee as defined in this policy
f.
Maintenance, inspection, storage, and disinfection/decontamination
g.
Record keeping requirements
h.
Accidental exposures response and emergency procedures
3.
Identifying those employees who may need to wear respirators.
4.
Ensuring that such employees are physically able to wear a respirator, are trained in
the proper use and maintenance of the respirator, and have been fit tested prior to the
use of a respirator.
5.
The procurement of respirators, cartridges, and other applicable personal protective
equipment.
6.
Enforcing the use of respirators when respiratory protection is needed.
7.
Ensuring that respirators are used in accordance with the instructions and training
provided by the manufacturer, the Environmental Safety Division, and the procedures
established in the written standard operating procedure.
8.
Monitoring the work area during respiratory use in case of adverse conditions and
worker stress.
Appendix E 3
9.
Maintaining all required records pertaining to the respirators along with relevant air
and personnel monitoring data as well as medical authorizations. Required records
will be determined by applicable regulations and the Environmental Safety Division.
10.
Acting as or appointing the person or persons responsible for maintaining the
respirators according to the standard operating procedures.
Respirator users are responsible for:
1.
Informing their supervisors or the Environmental Safety Division of any working
conditions for which they feel a respirator is needed or wanted.
2.
Informing their supervisor of any personal health problems that could be aggravated
when wearing a respirator or that could make wearing a respirator inadvisable.
3.
Wearing and using respirators issued to them in accordance with the instructions and
training provided by the Environmental Safety Division and with those procedures
established in the written standard operating procedure.
4.
Ensuring proper cleaning, inspection, and storage of respirators in their custody.
5.
Reporting any ill fitting or malfunctioning respirator to their supervisor.
6.
Reporting any adverse health effects to the supervisor, or to the Environmental Safety
Division, that may have been the result of an accidental hazardous agent exposure
during the performance of hazardous operations.
Appendix E 4
Appendix F
Fume Hood Standards
Fume Hood Face Velocity Standards
This standard will be applied to all existing fumehoods not covered under the Board of Regents Guidelines Design Criteria for Laboraotry Furnature and
Fumehoods adopted on January 16, 1996. Certain individual fume hoods may be exempted from this standard only by the direction of the CLSC.
Reference the current revision at Board of Regents Guidelines Design Criteria for Laboraotry Furnature and Fumehoods.
FUME HOOD
CLASSIFICATION
AVG. FACE
VELOCITY
MAJOR STRUCTURAL
CHARACTERISTICS
FOR USE WITH:
NOT FOR USE WITH:
SASH FULL OPEN
General Purpose
Perchloric
100 - 120 FPM
100-120 FPM
Constructed of chemical resistant
material (including stack)
- Hot Perchloric Acid
- Highly explosive
vapors
Airflow construction
- Medium concentration acid
fumes
- Mildly toxic vapors
- Organic solvents
Stainless steel lining and duct system;
washdown system in duct work
- Perchloric Acid
- Nitric Acid
- Organic solvents
- Any combustible
material
- Radioactive material (< 50 mC)
- Cold acid fumes
- Organic solvents
- Toxic vapors
- Hot Perchloric Acid
- Hot acid fumes
- Explosive vapors
Airflow construction
Stainless steel lining
Radiation
100-120 FPM
HEPA filter in exhaust system
Airflow construction
Appendix F 2
Rating The Fume Hood Performance
Fume hoods will be certified and rated according to average face velocity and balance. All average face velocities
must exceed 100 linear feet per minute but must not exceed 120 linear feet per minute at full open sash. The
variance from the average should not exceed 20% for more than 2 measurements. Any fume hood operating outside
of these parameters are to be repaired.
Fume hoods are to be rated as follows:
Post certified sign - fume hood rated Ok on the form
1.
2.
Average Airflow between 100 lfpm and 120 lfpm and;
Not more than two reading are outside + 20% of the average (+10% for 18" sash hoods).
Post caution sign - fume hood rated “caution” on the form
1.
2.
3.
More than two readings are outside + 20% (+10% for 18" sash hoods) but no reading is less than 30
or greater than 160; or
Average airflow is > 120 lfpm (on sign write: airflow too high, use caution; or
Average airflow is less than 100 lfpm but greater than 80 lfpm
Only use low concentrations of cold acid fumes and organic solvents until the fume hood is repaired and recertified
as velocity ok. Do not use Perchloric acid or create concentrated acid fumes, toxic fumes or explosive fumes.
Post danger sign - fume hood is rated “danger” on the form
1.
2.
3.
4.
Average airflow is less than 80 lfpm; or
any measurement is less than 30 lfpm; or
Hood not working at all; or
Average airflow > 160 lfpm
Hazardous chemicals are not to be used until the fume hood is repaired and recertified.
Appendix F 3
Appendix G
Hazardous Waste Summary
Procedures
SUMMARY PROCEDURE FOR
HAZARDOUS WASTE PICKUP
Hazardous Materials Program
Mr. Brian Adams
Will Hunter Road, Athens, Ga. 30602
Phone: 369-5706
Fax: 369-5866
E-Mail: badams@esd.uga.edu
Satellite accumulation areas (research laboratories or classrooms) may accumulate up to
55 gallons of hazardous waste or one quart of acutely hazardous waste at a location under
the direct supervision of a laboratory supervisor without any restrictions on accumulation
time. Before the maximum amount of waste has been accumulated, use the following
procedure to arrange for pick-up.
PROCEDURE:
1.
Go to the http://esd.uga.edu/haz-mat and register to take the
class online. Then go to Section II for the Solid and Hazardous Materials
Management Manual which you can download in Adobe format and retain
this manual in your lab for future reference. All necessary forms are at
http://esd.uga.edu/haz-mat/online-forms and can be downloaded.
2.
To prepare a container for storage of hazardous waste materials:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Select a clean container, that is compatible with the hazardous waste,
with a tight fitting cap or lid.
Remove or deface all existing labels on the container.
Label the container "Hazardous Waste."
Attach the Chematix Waste Card to the container with a rubber band.
On large consolidation containers, attach a glassiene sticky-backed
envelope (available from HMTF) or an envelope of your own.
Notes:
C
C
C
Keep containers closed except when adding hazardous waste.
Do not overfill containers. Keep at least 2 inches of empty space above the
liquid.
Ensure that containers are in good condition (eg: free from leaks).
Appendix G 2
3.
When various waste mixtures from a lab or lab suite are to be added to a single
container, fill out a Chematix Waste Card (https://chematix.uga.edu). Remove card
as additions of chemicals are made to the container and replace with updated card.
Store the card in a sticky-backed envelope also called a glassiene bag and
attach to the container.
Note:
C
Add only compatible waste to the container. If in doubt use a separate
container.
C
To avoid unexpected chemical reactions keep the number of chemicals
collected in a single container to a minimum.
4.
Fill out a "Blue Tag" for each container indicating the material is waste. You may
obtain more Blue Tags by calling 369-5706.
a.
Using a ball-point pen, press firmly to complete all copies of the "Blue Tag"
as indicated.
b.
The principal researcher is the supervisor of the laboratory.
c.
Building abbreviations are acceptable.
d.
List all chemicals collected in the container as follows:
i.
Use complete chemical names. Chemical formulae or abbreviations
are not acceptable.
ii.
Identify the chemical by the CAS number or contact 369-5706 and a
CAS number can be assigned to your chemical.
iii.
List all components whether hazardous or not (even water).
iv.
List percentage of each component (best estimate).
v.
Total percentage must equal 100%.
e.
State the quantity of material in the container giving both the numeric value
and the unit of measure (example: 3 gallons, 500 ml, 1 liter etc.).
f.
Place completed "Blue Tags" in the glassiene sticky-backed envelope and
attach to each container.
5.
To schedule Hazardous Waste Chemicals pick up:
a.
Complete the Hazardous Materials Pick-up Inventory form (see Solid and
Hazardous Materials Management Manual) and forward the completed Pick
up Inventory form to HMTF via fax 369-5866 or by campus mail at the
above address,
I.
HMTF Personnel will prepare a shipping manifest.
ii.
The HMTF Staff will schedule with the laboratory supervisor for a
suitable pick-up time.
iii.
Have a knowledgeable person on site at the time of pick-up to assist
with the identification of containers and sign the required manifests.
iv.
The HMTF staff will pack individual containers into acceptable
shipping containers.
Appendix G 3
Note:
C
For specific information refer to the Hazardous Materials Manual or contact
HMTF.
C
Containers with incomplete labels or tags are not acceptable for pick-up.
C
CAS numbers are available from the vendor's catalog, MSDS or the Merck
Index
Appendix G 4
Appendix H
Waste Minimization,
Bench Top Treatment
and
Surplus Chemical Redistribution
I.
Hazardous Waste Minimization
Hazardous waste disposal grows increasingly more complex and costly with each passing
year. The following suggestions can help hazardous waste generators to minimize the
volume of waste produced in the lab, and reduce cost to the University for disposal.
Scale down the size of the experiment and quantity of reagent needed to achieve the
experimental goal.
Consider benchtop methods, such as distillation, to recover used reagents for reuse.
Investigate alternate reagents which may accomplish the experimental goals and be less
hazardous.
Explore benchtop treatments which may deactivate, detoxify or neutralize the material
prior to disposal. Contact the Hazardous Waste Manager about questions concerning
these methods. A good manual for benchtop treatment is Hazardous Laboratory
Chemicals: a Disposal Guide, by M.A. Armour ( CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. 1991).
Do not buy large volumes of reagents simply because of bulk price reductions. The cost
of disposal for unused material is often greater than the purchase price. A large portion
of the University s waste is unused materials in the original container.
Keep only a minimum supply of reagent in the lab. If regular consumption requires that
larger quantities be available, arrangements can be made with Central Research Stores to
order and stock the material for easy access.
Date all received materials which are subject to a limited shelf life.
Any chemicals which may destabilize to an explosive or highly reactive compound
should be ordered in minimum quantities and used within the manufacturers
recommended shelf life. Destabilized materials are usually handled with extreme
precautions and resultant costs can be exorbitant.
Inspect labels periodically to ensure that the label is intact and legible. Containers of
unlabeled materials are considered unknown until they are identified by the user or by
chemical tests. Wide spectrum analysis can be very expensive.
When collecting waste, try to keep each container as homogeneous as possible. Cost
differentials for various categories of waste make the segregation of waste groups very
cost effective. Disposal costs escalate dramatically when different waste groups are
mixed in the same container.
A p p e nd i x H 2
II.
Benchtop Treatment
Once a hazardous material is determined to be a waste, several options exist for its
disposal. Burial in a secure landfill, incineration, solidification, encapsulation in concrete
or vitrification have all been practiced by various waste disposers. Disposal by such
methods can be very expensive and in some cases, can be technically difficult. The
problems of disposal are complicated in the university environment because of the large
variety of relatively small amounts of chemicals which are disposed.
The generator, normally an instructor or principal investigator, is responsible for making
a waste determination. Once the chemical user has determined that the chemical has
served its intended purpose and that it is to be discarded, the generator must thereafter
handle the chemical as a waste. It is important, therefore, that chemical users carefully
determine the goals of their processes so that maximum use can be obtained from stock
before it is discarded.
Universities in every state are reviewing their procedures to discover methods of
minimizing their chemical utilization, and, therefore, their quantities of waste generated.
Methods of recovery, recycling, and reuse make it possible for teaching and research labs
to dramatically reduce the waste volume. Additional efforts at scale reduction through
the use of micro-quantities and small instrumentation have assisted the conservation of
valuable resources.
Where waste cannot be further reduced at the source, there is a possibility for the user to
treat the material at the site, in small containers to reduce or eliminate its hazardous
characteristics. The on-site treatment is a final step in an experimental protocol which
renders the material non-hazardous as a goal of the process. In teaching labs, these
methods form part of the students education in becoming environmentally responsible.
Techniques such as elementary acid/base neutralization, oxidation/reduction reactions or
precipitation of insoluble solids may help to reduce the wastes which are sent to the
Hazardous Materials Treatment Facility for disposal.
The University of Georgia is committed to the protection of our environment through
proper waste treatment. Unless the on-site treatment can be legitimately considered as
part of the protocol performed on the benchtop, the process may require licensing. It is
not acceptable to dilute the hazardous characteristics of a waste material to avoid proper
disposal.
For further specific guidance on benchtop treatments, call the Hazardous Materials
Manager and refer to:
Hazardous Laboratory Chemicals: Disposal Guide by M.A. Armour, 1991.
CRC Press Inc. Boca Raton , Fl 33431
A p p e nd i x H 3
III.
Surplus Redistribution
Chemicals and products which have not been used, are not subject to waste regulations
unless they have been contaminated, are off specification, or are past their recommended
shelf life. If the owner makes a decision, when there is no productive use, that the
chemical must be discarded, then the materials become waste. The decision to discard
usable chemicals is not one that should be made lightly. Chemicals represent a large
investment of capital resources for the University and a significant capital liability when
they are disposed. It is not uncommon for the cost of disposal of a chemical to exceed
the purchase price and, in some cases, by orders of magnitude. ( A recent quote received
from a chemical waste disposal company for removal of pump oil contaminated with
radioisotopes was greater than $6,000 per gallon).
Chemical users may keep their stock as long as they wish. With the realization that the
components of research and teaching change constantly, and that research validity is
often dependant on the quality and control of the chemical constituents, the user must
take responsibility for the effects of long term storage on chemical reactions.
When the primary user decides to transfer chemical stock to another user, several
precautions must be exercised. The chemicals must not be past the manufacturers
recommended shelf life. Materials must be in a useable condition ie. powders should not
be compacted into solid clumps that do not separate easily; container lids should not be
crusted with residue; liquids should not be throwing a precipitate; there should be no
evidence of discoloration, etc. Any material which is not acceptable to another user, may
be kept by the primary user for future consumption or may be voluntarily discarded. This
decision to keep or discard may be based on the probability of future use, space
considerations, the value of the substance or any valid reason that the user can justify. In
all cases the University maintains ownership of chemical substances and reserves the
right as owner to redistribute by donation or by resale to valid users of any unused
chemical surplus.
Central Research Stores and the Environmental Safety Division are investigating a
facility-less redistribution program which will allow users to advertise their surpluses
on the list serv. The system will allow potential new users to contact the holder of the
surplus directly and arrange the transport of material to the new location. The new
program will help to eliminate any confusion arising from the handling of surplus
materials by the staff who also remove and process hazardous waste.
A p p e nd i x H 4
Appendix I
Particularly Hazardous
Substances
Peroxide-Forming Chemicals
Organic peroxides are some of the most hazardous substances handled in a laboratory. They are usually
sensitive to shock, sparks, or accidental ignition. These chemicals tend to be more shock-sensitive than
most primary explosives that we are familiar with such as TNT. An example of a particularly dangerous
situation that may be found in a lab is an ether bottle that has evaporated to dryness. In some chemicals,
inhibitors are added to extend the storage lifetime of the chemical. However, because distillation of such
a stabilized liquid will remove the inhibitor, the end product must be stored with care as a potential
peroxide-former. Please note: peroxide may form on the surface of alkali metals and their amides. Do
not perform standard peroxide tests to these materials (alkali metals & their amides) since they are water
reactive. All of these chemicals should be purchased in small quantities and used up as soon as
possible.
Georgia Fire Code (based on NFPA 45 (1991)) requires that all peroxide forming chemicals be dated
upon opening. It is also prudent to date these chemicals upon first arrival in the facility. Unopened
peroxide forming chemicals should not be used if greater than 1 year old.
Types of Compounds Known to Auto oxidize to Form Peroxides:
C
Aldehydes
C
Ethers, especially cyclic ethers and those containing primary and secondary alkyl groups
(never distill an ether before it has been shown to be free of peroxides).
C
Compounds containing benzylic hydrogens
C
Compounds containing allelic hydrogens (C=C!CH), including most alkenes; vinyl and
vinylidene compounds
C
Compounds containing a tertiary C!H group (e.g., decalin and 2,5!dimethylhexane)
Classes of Chemicals That Can Form Peroxides Upon Ageing:
Class I: Unsaturated materials, especially those of low molecular weight, may polymerize
violently and hazardously due to peroxide initiation.
Acrylic acid
Acrylonitrile
Butadiene
Chlorobutadiene (chloroprene)
Chlorotrifluoroethylene
Methyl methacrylate
Styrene
Tetrafluoroethylene
Vinyl acetate
Vinyl acetylene
Vinyl chloride
Vinyl pyridine
Vinylidene chloride
Class II: The following chemicals are a peroxide hazard upon concentration
(distillation/evaporation). A test for peroxide should be performed if concentration is intended or
suspected. A potassium iodide test strip can be used to check for peroxides after the chemical
has expired or six months after openting with test results placed on the bottle. If the test is not
performed, then these chemicals should be disposed of 6 months after opening. A written record
of test results should be maintained.
Acetal
Cumene
Appendix I 2
Cyclohexene
Cyclooctene
Cyclopentene
Diacetylene
Dicyclopentadiene
Diethylene glycol dimethyl ether
(diglyme)
Diethyl ether
Dioxane (p-dioxane)
Ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (glyme)
Furan
Methyl acetylene
Methyl cyclopentane
Methyl-I-butyl ketone
Tetrahydrofuran
Tetrahydronaphthalene
Vinyl ether
Class III: Peroxides derived from the following compounds may explode without concentration.
It is recommended that these chemicals be disposed of 3 months after opening.
Organic
Divinyl ether
Isopropyl ether
Divinyl acetylene
Vinylidene chloride
Inorganic
Potassium metal
Potassium amide
Sodium amide (sodamide)
(Note: Lists are illustrative but not exhaustive)
** Prudent Practices in the Laboratory: Handling and Disposal of Chemicals. National Research Council 1995
Appendix I 3
Specific Chemical Hazards
Because it would be impossible to list all possible chemical hazards which might be encountered in
laboratories on campus, a few of the most commonly encountered hazardous materials are listed below.
Active Metals - sodium and potassium
Hazards
WATER REACTIVE, CORROSIVE TO SKIN, FLAMMABLE
These metals react violently with water and may spontaneously ignite. Toxic vapors are given
off upon combustion.
Fire Extinguishing Media
Class D fire extinguisher (Dry Chemical or Sodium Carbonate)
Personal Protective Equipment
Face shield, Splash goggles, lab coat, apron, nitrile gloves
Storage Requirements
Store in oil or kerosene in a cool, dry area away from water and oxidizers.
Benzene
Hazards
CARCINOGEN, HIGHLY FLAMMABLE, VAPORS ARE TOXIC
Vapors irritate the eyes. High concentrations inhaled can cause unconsciousness and death.
Prolonged breathing of vapors may cause severe or fatal blood disease. Swallowing and
absorption through the skin could result in major residual injury
Fire Extinguishing Media
Class B (Carbon Dioxide, Foam or Dry Chemical)
Personal Protective Equipment
Splash goggles, Certified fume hood, lab coat, Viton gloves
Storage Requirements
Store with flammables in an approved flammables storage cabinet.
Benzoyl Peroxide
Hazards
EXPLOSIVE HAZARD BY SHOCK, FRICTION OR IGNITION SOURCE, CORROSIVE
Benzoyl peroxide has been reported to explode spontaneously. It is an extreme fire hazard and is
also a strong oxidizer. Do not get the materials in the eyes or on the skin.
Fire Extinguishing Media
Large volumes of water
Appendix I 4
Personal Protective Equipment
Splash goggles, certified fume hood, laboratory coat, apron, face shield, nitrile gloves
Storage Requirements
Store in a cool place away from direct sunlight. It is best stored alone separated from all other
chemicals and combustible materials.
Carbon Disulfide
Hazards
EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE! POISON, HIGHLY VOLATILE, CORROSIVE TO SKIN
Carbon Disulfide is the most flammable and explosive of all common solvents. Its vapors can be
ignited by contact with an ordinary lightbulb. It is toxic and major residual injury may result
from overexposure in spite of prompt treatment. Mixtures of carbon disulfide in air in the
presence of rust can explode.
Fire Extinguishing Media
Class B (Dry chemicals, foam or Carbon Dioxide). DO NOT USE WATER.
Personal Protective Equipment
Splash goggles, a certified fumehood, lab coat, face shield, Viton gloves
Storage Requirements
Store with flammable liquids in an approved flammables storage cabinet.
Carbon Tetrachloride
Hazards
POISON, CARCINOGEN
Avoid breathing the vapor. Small swallowed doses may result in death. Repeated low level
exposures are likely to cause liver damage.
Fire Extinguishing Media
Use appropriate extinguisher for surrounding fire
Personal Protective Equipment
Splash goggles, face shield, lab coat, apron, certified fume hood, PVA or Viton gloves
Storage Requirements
Store with other Blue labeled toxins away from alkali metals, chemically active metals,
Oxidizers, bases, allyl alcohol, and dimethyl formamide.
Ethers
See “PEROXIDE FORMING CHEMICALS”
Appendix I 5
Hydrofluoric Acid
Hazards
EXTREMELY CORROSIVE, HIGHLY TOXIC
May be fatal if swallowed. Vapors can cause severe burns. Prevent the inhalation of the vapors.
Will react with water, liberating heat.
Fire Extinguishing Media
Use extinguishing media appropriate for the surrounding fire. If water is to be used, apply in
flooding quantities form as great a distance as possible. Do not use a water stream.
Personal Protective Equipment
Splash goggles, face shield, lab coat, apron, certified fume hood, butyl rubber gloves
Storage Requirements
Store with mineral acids in an approved acids storage cabinet or in a chemical resistant tray
inside a low cabinet. Do not store in glass containers.
Mercury
Hazards
HIGHLY TOXIC, EMITS POISONOUS VAPORS.
The vapor pressure of mercury at room temperature is 0.002 mm Hg which is sufficient to
produce concentrations of about 200 times the permissible exposure limit (0.1 mg/m3). Although
this concentration is not likely to occur with small spills in a well ventilated laboratory, every
effort should be made to avoid mercury spills and to promptly clean up spills that do occur.
There are specific spill kits available through CRS for mercury.
Fire Extinguishing Media
Use extinguishing media appropriate for the surrounding fire
Personal Protective Equipment
Splash goggles, lab coat, certified fume hood, nitrile gloves
Storage Requirements
Store in an air tight container with Blue label toxins
Nitric Acid
Hazards
STRONG OXIDIZER, CONTACT WITH COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS MAY CAUSE FIRE,
EXTREMELY CORROSIVE, CAUSES SEVERE BURNS
Nitric acid forms flammable and explosive compounds with many materials. Spills should be
absorbed with inert materials such as absorbent clay. The use of paper towels to clean up spill
could cause a fire.
Fire Extinguishing Media
Use large amounts of water.
Appendix I 6
Personal Protective Equipment
Splash goggles, face shield, lab coat, apron, nitrile gloves, certified fume hood
Storage Requirements
Store with oxidizers away from organics in a corrosives cabinet or in corrosive resistant trays.
Store on lower cabinet shelves.
Perchloric Acid
See “Perchloric Acid S.O.P.” in Appendix J
Phosphorus (White (Yellow))
Hazards
SPONTANEOUSLY FLAMMABLE IN AIR, CREATES TOXIC FUMES IN AIR
Phosphorus is extremely toxic and exposure via any route is likely to cause residual injury
despite prompt medical attention.
Fire Extinguishing Media
Water
Personal Protective Equipment
Splash goggles, face shield, lab coat, apron, nitrile gloves, certified fume hood
Storage Requirements
Store in water in an air tight container. Store the container in a cool place separate from other
laboratory chemicals.
Picric Acid
Hazards
RISK OF EXPLOSION BY SHOCK, FRICTION, FIRE OR OTHER SOURCES OF IGNITION
WHEN DRY, FORMS VERY SENSITIVE EXPLOSIVE METALLIC COMPOUNDS, TOXIC,
CORROSIVE
If the container of picric acid drys out, explosive, shock sensitive crystals will form. Dry Picric
Acid must be not be handled, moved or opened. Call Environmental Safety Services
immediately upon discovery of dry picric acid.
Fire Extinguishing Media
Water spray
Personal Protective Equipment
Splash goggles, face shield, lab coat, apron, nitrile gloves, certified fume hood
Storage Requirements
Store in a cool, dry place away from metals, salts, sparks and flames. Store with other RED label
chemicals.
Appendix I 7
Chemicals Suspected of or Known to Cause Cancer
C HEMICAL
C HEMICAL
A-alpha-C(2-Amino-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole)
Acetaldehyde
AcetamideAcetochlor
2-Acetylaminofluorene
Acifluorfen
Acrylamide
Acrylo nitrile
Actinomycin D
Adriamycin (Doxorubicin hydrochloride)
AF-2;[2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)] acrylamide
Aflatoxins
Alachlor
Alcoho lic beverages, when assoc. w/alco hol abuse
Aldrin
Allyl chloride
2-Aminoanthraquinone
p-Aminoazobe nzene
ortho-Aminoazotoluene
4-Am inobiphenyl (4-aminodiphenyl)
3-Amino-9-ethylcarbazole hydrochloride
1-Amino-2-methylanthraquinone
2-Am ino-5-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-1,3 ,4-thiadiazole
Amitrole
Analgesic mixtures containing phenacetin
Aniline
ortho-Anisidine
ortho-Anisidine hydrochloride
Antimony oxide (Antimony trioxide)
Aram ite
Arsenic (inorganic arsenic compo unds)
Asbestos
Auramine
Azaserine
Azathioprine
Azacitidine
Azobenzene
Benz[a]anthracene
Benzene
Benzidine [and its salts]
Benzidine-based dyes
Benzo[b ]fluoranthene
Benzo[j]fluorantheneBenzo[k]fluoranthene
Benzofuran
Benzo[a]pyrene
Benzotrichloride
Benzyl chloride
Benzyl violet 4B
Beryllium and beryllium compounds
Betel quid with tobacco
Bis (2-chloroethyl) ether
N,N-B is(2-chloroethyl)-2-naphthylamine
(Chlornapazine)Bischloroethyl nitrosourea (BCN U) (Carmustine)
Bis(chloromethyl)ether
Bitumens, extracts of steam-refined & air refined
Bracken fern
Bromo dichloromethane
Bromo form
1,3-Butadiene
1,4-Butanediol dimethanesulfonate (Busulfan)
Butylated hyd roxyanisole
beta-Butyrolactone
Cadmium and cadmium compounds
Caffeic acid
Captafol
Captan
Carbon tetrachloride
Carbon -black extracts
Ceramic fibers(airborne particles of respirable size)
Certain combined chemotherapy for lymphomas
Chlo ramb ucil
Chloramphenicol
Chlordane
Chlordecone (Kepone)
Chlordimeform
Chlo rendic acid
Chlorinated paraffins
p-Chloroaniline
(Ave rage chain length,C1 2; approx. 60% chlorine by weight)
Chlorodibromo methane
1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea
(CCNU ) (Lomustine)
Chloroform
Chloromethyl methyl ether (technical grade)
4-Chloro-ortho-phenylenediamine
Chlo rothalonil
Chrom ium (hexava lent comp ounds)
C.I. Acid Red 114
Ciclosporin (Cyclosporin A; Cyclosporine)
Chloroethane (Ethyl chloride)
1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-(4-methylcyclohexyl)1-nitrosourea (Methyl-CCNU)
3-Chloro-2-methylpropene
p-Chloro-o-toluidine
Chlo rozo tocin
Chrysene
C.I. Basic Red 9 monohydrochloride
Cinna myl anthranilate
Appendix I 8
Cisplatin
Cobalt metal powder
Coke oven em issions
Creosotes
Cupferron
Cyclophospha mide (anh ydrous)
D&C Orange No. 17
D& C Red N o. 9
Dacarbazine
Dantron (Chrysazin; 1,8-Dihydroxyanthraquinone)
DDD (Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane)
DDT (Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane)
N,N'-Diacetylbenzidine
2,4-D iamino anisole sulfate
2,4-Diaminotoluene
Dibenz[a,h]acridine
Dibenz[a,j]acridine
Dibenz[a,h]anthracene
7H -Dibenzo [c,g]carbazole
Dibenzo[a,e]pyrene
Dibenzo[a,h]pyrene
Dibenzo[a,i]pyrene
Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP)
2,3-Dibromo-1-propanol
p-Dichlorobenzene
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine
1-4,-Dichloro-2-butene
3,3'-Dichloro-4-4'-diaminodiphenyl ether
1,1-Dichloroethane
Dichloromethane (Methylene chloride)
1-2-Dichloropropane
1,3-Dichloropropene
Dieldrin 60571
Dienestrol
Diepoxybutane
Diesel engine exhaust
Di(2 -ethylhexyl)phtha late
1,2-Diethylhydrazine
Diethyl sulfate
Diethylstilbestrol
Diglycidyl resorcinol ether (DGRE)
Dihyd rosafro le
Diisopropyl sulfate
3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine (ortho-Dianisidine)
3-3'Dimethoxybenzidine dihydrochloride
(ortho-Dianisidine dihydrochloride)
Dim ethyl sulfate
4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene
trans-2-[(Dimethylamino)methylimino]5-[2-(5 -nitro-2-furyl)vinyl]-1,3 , 4-oxa diazo le
7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene
3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine (ortho-Tolidine)
3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine dihydrochloride
Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine (UMDH)
1,2-Dimethylhydrazine
Citrus R ed N o. 2
Cobalt [II] oxide
Conjugated estrogens
para-Cresidine
Cycasin
Cyclophosphamide (hydrated)
D& C Red N o. 8
D&C Red No. 19
Daminozide
Daunom ycin
DDE (Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene)
DD VP (Dichlorvo s)
2-4-D iamino anisole
4-4'-Diaminodiphenyl ether (4,4'-Oxydianiline)
Diaminotoluene (mixed)
226368
224420
53703
194592
192654
189640
189559
191300
96128
July 1, 1987
96139
October 1, 1994
106467
January 1, 1989
91941
764410
28434868
75343
anuary 1, 1990
75092
78875
542756
January 1, 1989
84173
1464535
-117817
1615801
64675
56531
101906
94586
2973106
119904
20325400
April 1, 1993
77781
60117
55738540
57976
119937
612828
79447
57147
540738
Appendix I 9
April 1, 1992
Dimethylvinylchloride
1,6-Dinitropyrene
1,8-Dinitropyrene
2-4,Dinitrotoluene
1,4-Dioxane
Diphenylhydantoin (Phenytoin)
Dip henylhyd antoin (Phe nytoin), so dium salt
Direct Black 38 (technical grade)
Direct Blue 6 (technical grade)
Direct Brown 95 (technical grade)
Disperse Blue 1
513371
42397648
42397659
121142
123911
57410
630933
1937377
2602462
16071866
2475458
Epichloro hydrin
Erionite 12510428
Estradiol 17
Estrone 53167
Ethinylestradiol
Ethyl ac rylate
Ethyl methane sulfonate
Ethyl-4,4'-dichlorobenzilate
Ethylene dibromide
Ethylene dichloride (1,2-Dichloroethane)
Ethylene oxide
Ethylene thiourea
Ethyleneimine
106898
Folpet
Form aldehyde (gas)
2-(2-F ormylhydrazino)-4-(5-nitro -2-furyl) thiazole
Furan
Furazolidone
Furmecyclox
133073
50000
3570750
110009
67458
60568050
Gaso line engine exhaust (co ndensates/extracts)
Glasswoo l fibers(airborne particles o f respirable size)-Glu-P-1
(2-Amino-6-methyldipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d] imidazole)
Glu-P -2 67730103
(2-Aminodipyrido [1,2-a:3',2'-d] imidazole)
Glycidaldehyde
Glycidol
Grise ofulvin
Gyromitrin (Acetaldehyde methylformylhydrazone)
--
HC B lue 1
Heptachlor
Heptachlor epoxide
Hexachlorobe nzene
Hexachlorocyclohexane (technical grade)
Hexachlorodibenzodioxin
Hexachloroethane
Hexamethylphosphoramide
Hydrazine
Hyd razine sulfate
Hydrazobenzene (1,2-Diphenylhydrazine)
2784943
76448
1024573
118741
-34465468
67721
680319
302012
10034932
122667
Indeno [1,2,3-cd]pyrene
193395
50282
57636
140885
62500
510156
106934
107062
75218
96457
151564
67730114
765344
556525
126078
16568028
Appendix I 10
July 1, 1987
July 1, 1987
January 1, 1989
October 1, 1993
IQ (2-Amino-3-methylimidazol[4,5-f]quinoline)
Iron dextran complex
Isosafrole
76180966
9004664
120581
Lactofen
Lasiocarpine
Lead acetate
Lead and lead compounds
Lead phosphate
Lead subacetate
Lindane and other hexachlorocyclohexane isomers
77501634
303344
301042
-7446277
1335326
--
Mancozeb
Maneb
Me-A-alpha-C
(2-Amino-3-methyl-9H-pyrido[2,3-b] indole)
Medro xypro gestero ne acetate
MeIQ
(2-Amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline)
MeIQ x 7500040
(2-Amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline)
Melphalan
Merphalan
Mestranol
8-Methoxypsoralen with ultraviolet A therapy
5-Methoxypsoralen with ultraviolet A therapy
2-Methylaziridine (Propyleneimine)
Methylzoxymethanol
Methylzoxymethanol acetate
3-Methylcholanthrene
5-Methylchrysene
4,4'-Methylene bis(2-chloroaniline)
4,4'-Methylene bis (N,N-dimethyl) benzenamine
4,4'-Methylene bis(2-methylaniline)
4,4'-Methylenedianiline
4,4'-Methylenedianiline dihydrochloride
Methylhydrazine and its salts
Methyl iodide
Methyl methanesulfonate
2-M ethyl-1-nitro anthraquino ne (of uncertain purity)
N-M ethyl-N' -nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine
N-Methylolacrylamide
Methylthiouracil
Metiram
Metronidazo le
Michler's ketone
Mirex
Mitomycin C
Mo nocrotaline
5-(Morpholinomethyl)-3[(5-nitro-furfurylidene)-amino]-2-oxalolidi none
Mustard Gas
8018017
12427382
68006837
Nafenop in
1-Naphthylamine
2-Naphthylamine
Nickel and certain nickel compounds
3771195
134327
91598
--
71589
7094112
January 1, 1989
October 1, 1992
October 1, 1994
October 1, 1994
148823
531760
72333
298817
484208
75558
590965
592621
56495
3697243
101144
101611
838880
101779
13552448
-74884
66273
129157
70257
924425
56042
9006422
443481
90948
2385855
50077
315220
139913
505602
Appendix I 11
July 1, 1987
July 1, 1992
Nickel carbon yl
Nickel refinery dust from pyrom etallurgical process
Nickel subsulfide
Nirid azole
Nitrilotriacetic acid
Nitrilotriacetic acid, trisodium salt monohyd rate
5-Nitroacenaphthene
5-Nitro-o-anisidine
o-Nitroaniso le
4-Nitrobip henyl
6-Nitrochrysene
Nitrofen (technical grade)
2-Nitrofluorene
Nitrofurazone
1-[(5-Nitrofurfurylidene)-amino]-2-imidazolidinone
N-[4-(5-Nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazoly]acetamide
Nitrogen mustard (Mechlorethamine)
Nitrogen mustard hydrochloride
(Mechlorethamine hydrochloride)
Nitrogen mustard N-oxide
Nitrogen mustard N-oxide hydrochloride
2-Nitropropane
1-Nitropyrene
4-Nitropyrene
N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine
N-Nitrosodiethanolamine
N-Nitrosodiethylamine
N-Nitrosodimethylamine
p-Nitrosodiphenylamine
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine
N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine
N-Nitroso-N-ethylurea
3-(N -Nitrosomethylamino) propionitrile
4-(N-Nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)1-butanone
N-Nitrosomethylethylamine
N-Nitroso-N-methylurea
N-Nitroso-N-methylurethane
N-Nitrosomethylvinylamine
N-Nitrosomorpho line
N-Nitrosonornicotine
N-Nitrosopiperidine
N-Nitrosopyrrolidine
N-Nitrososarcosine
Norethisterone (Norethindrone)
13463393
-12035722
61574
139139
18662538
602879
99592
91236
92933
7496028
1836755
607578
59870
555840
531828
51752
55867
Ochratoxin A
Oil Orange SS
Oral contraceptives, combined
Oral contraceptives, sequential
Oxadiazon
Oxymetholone
Oxazepam
303479
2646175
--19666309
434071
604751
Panfuran S
Pentachlorophenol
Phe nacetin
Phenazop yridine
-87865
62442
94780
April 1, 1989
October 1, 1992
126852
302705
79469
5522430
57835924
924163
1116547
55185
62759
156105
86306
621647
759739
60153493
64091914
10595956
684935
615532
4549400
59892
16543558
100754
930552
13256229
68224
Appendix I 12
October 1, 1994
Phenazopyridine hydrochloride
136403
Phe nesterin
3546109
Phenobarbital
50066
Phenoxybenzam ine
59961
Phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride
63923
Phenyl glycidyl ether
122601
Phe nylhydrazine and its salts
-o-Phenylphenate, sodium
132274
PhiP
105650235
(2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidozol[4,5-b]pyridine)
Polybrominated bip henyls
-Polychlorinated b iphenyls
-Polychlorinated biphe nyls
-(containing > 60% chlorine by molecu lar weight)
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins
-Polychlorinated dibenzofurans
-Polygeenan
53973981
P on ce au MX
3761533
Ponceau 3R
3564098
Potassium bromate
7758012
Procarbazine
671169
Procarbazine hydrochloride
366701
Procymidone
32809168
Progesterone
57830
1,3-Propane sultone
1120714
Pro pargite
2312358
beta-Propiolactone
57578
Propylene oxide
75569
Pro pylthiouracil
51525
Radionuclides
Reserpine
Resid ual (heavy) fuel oils
-50555
--
Saccharin
Saccharin, sodium
Safro le
Selenium sulfide
Shale-oils
Silica, crystalline
(airborne particles of respirable size)
81072
128449
94597
7446346
68308349
--
July 1, 1992
October 1, 1994
October 1, 1992
October 1, 1992
October 1, 1994
October 1, 1994
Soots, tars, and mineral oils
-(untreated and mildly treated oils and used engine oils)
Sterigm atocystin
10048132
Strep tozotocin
18883664
Styrene oxide
96093
Sulfallate
95067
Talc containing asbestiform fibers
Terrazo le
Testosterone and its esters
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin (TCDD)
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethylene (Perchloroethylene)
p- , , -Tetrachlorotoluene
Tetranitromethane
-2593159
58220
1746016
79345
127184
5216251
509148
Appendix I 13
October 1, 1994
Thioacetamide
4,4'-Thiodianiline
Thiourea
Thorium dioxide
To bacco, oral use o f smokeless products
Tob acco, smoke
To luene d iisocyan ate
ortho-Toluidine
ortho-Toluidine hydrochloride
para-Toluidine
To xaphene (Polychorinated camphenes)
Treosulfan
Trichlormethine (Trimustine hydrochloride)
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
Triphenyltin hydroxide
Trichloroethylene
Tris (aziridinyl)-para-benzoquinone (Triaziquone)
Tris(1-aziridinyl)phosphine sulfide (Thiotepa)
Tris(2-chloroethyl)ph osphate
Tris(2,3-dibro mop ropyl)pho sphate
Trp-P-1 (Tryptophan-P-1)
Trp-P-2 (Tryptophan-P-2)
Trypan blue (commercial grade)
62555
139651
62566
1314201
--26471625
95534
636215
106490
8001352
299752
817094
88062
76879
79016
68768
52244
115968
126727
62450060
62450071
72571
Unleaded gasoline (wholly vaporized)
Uracil mustard
Urethane (Ethyl carbamate)
-66751
51796
Vinyl bromide
Vinyl chloride
4-Vinyl-1-cyclohexene diepoxide
(Vinyl cyclohexene dioxide)
Vinyl trichloride (1,1,2-Trichloroethane)
2,6-Xylidine (2,6-Dimethylaniline)
593602
75014
106876
Zineb
12122677
79005
87627
Appendix I 14
January 1, 1992
July 1, 1992
April 1, 1992
Chemicals Known to Cause Reproductive Toxicity
Developmental Toxicity
Chemical
Chemical
Acetohydroxamic ac id
Dicumarol
Actinomycin D
Diethylstilbestrol (DES)
All-trans re tinoic ac id
Dinocap
Alprazolam
Dinoseb
Amikacin sulfate
Diphenylhydantoin (Phenytoin)
Aminoglutethimide
Doxycycline (internal use)
Aminoglycosides
Doxycycline hyclate (internal use)
Aminopterin
Doxycycline monohydrate (internal use)
Angiotensin converting (ACE) inhibitors
Ergotam ine tartrate
Anisindione
Ethyl alcohol in alcoholic beverages
Aspirin
(NO TE : It is especially impo rtant not to use aspirin during the last three m onths o f pregn ancy, unless specifically
directed to do so by a physician because it may cause problems in the unborn child or complications during
delivery.)
Barbiturates
Benom yl
Benzphetamine hydrochloride
Benzodiazepines
Ethylene thiourea
Bischlorethyl nitrosourea (BCN U) (Carmustine)
Bro mox ynil
Butabarbital sodium
1,4-Butanediol dimethylsufonate (Busulfan)
Carbon disulfide
Carbon monoxide
Carb oplatin
Chenodiol
Chlorcyclizine hydrochloride
Chlo ramb ucil
Chlordecone (Kepone)
Chlordiazepoxide
Chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride
1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea
(CCNU ) (Lomustine)
Clom iphene citrate
Clorazepate dipotassium
Cocaine 50362
Colchicine
Conjugated estrogens
Cyanazine
Cycloheximide
Cyclophospha mide (anh ydrous)
Cyclophosphamide (hydrated)
Cyhexatin
Cytarabine
Danazol 17230885
Daunorubicin hydrochloride
Demeclocycline hydrochloride (internal use)
Diazepam
Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether
Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether
Ethylene glyco l monoethyl ether acetate
Ethylene glyco l monome thyl ether acetate
Etoposide
Etretinate
Fluoroura cil
Fluoxymesterone
Flurazepam hydrochloride
Flutamide
Halazepam
Hexachlorobe nzene
Ifosfamide
Iodine-131
Isotretinoin
Lead
Lithium carbonate
Lithium citrate
Lorazepam
Lovastatin
Medro xypro gestero ne acetate
Megestro l acetate
Melphalan
Meno tropins
Mepro bam ate
Mercap topurine
Mercury and mercury compounds
Methacycline hydrochloride
Methimazole
Methotre xate
Methotrexate sodium
Methyl bromide as a structural fumigant
Methyl mercury
Methyltestosterone
Midazolam hydrochloride
Minocycline hydrochloride (internal use)
Riba virin
Appendix I 15
Misoprostol
Secobarbital sodium
Mitoxantrone hydrochloride
Strep tomyc in sulfate
Nafarelin acetate
Tamox ifen citrate
Niomycin sulfate (internal use)
Temazepam
Netilmicin sulfate
Testostero ne cyp ionate
Nicotine
Testostero ne ena nthate
Nitrogen mustard (Mechlorethamine)
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin (TCDD)
Nitrogen mustard hydrochloride
Tetracyclines (internal use)
(Mechlorethamine hydrochloride)
Tetracycline (internal use)
Norethisterone (Norethindrone)
Tetracycline hydrochloride (internal use)
Norethisterone acetate (Norethindrone acetate)
Thalidomide
Norethisterone (Norethindrone)/Ethinyl estradiol
Thioguanine
Norethisterone (Norethindrone)/Mestranol
To bacco sm oke (primary)
Norgestrel
To bram ycin sulfate
Oxaxepam
Toluene
Oxytetracycline (internal use)
Triazolam
Oxytetracycline hydrochloride (internal use)
Trilostane
Paramethadione
Trimethadione
Penicillamine
Uracil mustard
Pentobarbital sodium
Urethane
Phenacemide
Uro follitropin
Phenprocoumon
Valproate (Valproic acid)
Pipobroman
Vinb lastine sulfate
Plicamycin
Vinc ristine sulfate
Polybrominated bip henyls
W arfarin
Polychlorinated b iphenyls
Procarbazine hydrochloride
Pro pylthiouracil
Retinol/retinyl esters,
when in daily dosages in excess of 10,000 IU, or 3,000 retinol equivalents. (NOTE : Retinol/retinyl esters are
required and essential for maintenance of normal reproductive function. The recommende d daily level during
pregnancy is 8,00 0 IU .)
Appendix I 16
Female Reproductive Toxicity
Chemical
CAS #
Date
Aminopterin
Anabolic steroids
Aspirin 50782
(NO TE : It is especially impo rtant not to use aspirin during the last three m onths o f pregn ancy, unless specifically
directed to do so by a physician because it may cause problems in the unborn child or complications during
delivery.)
Carbon disulfide
Cocaine 50362
Cyclophospha mide (anh ydrous)
Cyclophosphamide (hydrated)
Ethylene oxide
Lead
To bacco sm oke (primary)
Male Reproductive Toxicity
Chemical
Anabolic steroids
Benom yl
Carbon disulfide
Colchicine
Cyclophospha mide (anh ydrous)
Cyclophosphamide (hydrated)
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP)
m-Dinitrobenzene
o-Dinitrobenzene
p-Dinitrobenzene
Dinoseb 88857
Ethylene glycol
Ethylene glycol
Ethylene glyco l
Ethylene glyco l
monoethyl ether
monomethyl ether
monoethyl ether acetate
monome thyl ether acetate
110805
109864
111159
110496
January 1, 1993
January 1, 1993
Hexamethylphosphoramide
680319
October 1, 1994
Lead
--
Nitro furantoin
67209
To bacco sm oke (primary)
--
Uracil mustard
66751
Date: October 1, 1994
Appendix I 17
April 1, 1991
January 1, 1992
Appendix J
Recommended Laboratory
Standard Operating
Procedures
And Other Resource
Information
Suggested Outline for Your
Laboratory-Specific Chemical Care and Handling Plan
Procedures and protocols for each individual laboratory or group of laboratories should be
developed to handle potential emergency situations. Standard operating procedures (SOP) for
using specific chemicals or apparatus that could cause injury should also be developed. This
appendix will provide guidance as to what procedures or protocols should be developed and what
information should be contained within the procedures or protocols. The SOPs or protocols should
be brief and to the point. If it is too lengthy, it will not be read. Example: procedures and protocols
provided in this appendix can be modified specifically for your facility or used directly as written.
I.
Safety procedures and protocols
A.
Notification protocol
1.
This procedure should include:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
2.
B.
names of all personnel to be notified in the event of an emergency.
how these people are to be notified (i.e., telephone, loud speaker,
etc.)
a list of all of areas in the building for which you are responsible.
a system for notifying people who might be in remote locations in
the building (i.e., cold rooms, environmental chambers, darkrooms,
etc.) in the event that the entire building is being evacuated.
information on the types of signs that should be posted.
where they will be posted in the event there is an emergency in a
particular area and to keep people from returning to the area.
Refer to the notification procedure example given at the end of this
Appendix.
Chemical spill clean-up procedure
1.
This procedure should include:
a.
b.
c.
2.
a detailed description of the storage location and the contents of
your labs chemical spill clean-up kit.
instructions on the clean-up and disposal of any type of chemical
spill that might occur in the lab.
instructions of what to do when a spill is beyond the capabilities of
the laboratory personnel.
Refer to the chemical spill procedure and chemical spill clean-up kit
examples given at the end of this Appendix.
Appendix J - 1
C.
Personal protective equipment (PPE) safety
1.
This procedure should include:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
2.
D.
Refer to the eye wear procedure example given at the end of this Appendix.
Fume hood use
1.
This protocol should include:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
2.
E.
the type(s) of fume hoods present in the laboratory
proper use of the hood(s).
materials that are acceptable for use within the hood(s).
acceptable and unacceptable operations that may be performed in
the hood.
specific, step by step procedures for the use of perchloric acid hoods
and wash down systems.
Refer to the chemical fume hood operating procedure example given at the
end of this Appendix.
Fire Procedures
1.
This protocol should include:
a.
b.
c.
d.
2.
II.
the specific types of PPE that should be utilized for each group of
chemicals in the laboratory.
the specific types of PPE that should be utilized for individual
chemicals that are being used in bulk or that have particularly
hazardous properties.
proper use, cleaning and decontamination of PPE.
proper storage of the PPE.
inspecting PPE.
procuring new PPE.
what to do if you discover a fire.
what to do in the event of a fire alarm.
how and when to use a fire extinguisher.
how to exit the building from a given laboratory.
Refer to the portable fire extinguisher operating procedure and fire protocol
examples given at the end of this Appendix.
Personal injury procedures
A.
Eye injury (eye wash station)
Appendix J - 2
1.
This procedure should include:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
2.
B.
Refer to the emergency eyewash standard operating procedure example
given at the end of this Appendix.
Skin injury (safety shower)
1.
This procedure should include:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
2.
C.
where the safety shower is located.
how to use the safety shower.
emergency notifications.
first aid procedures.
reporting the incident.
special considerations concerning chemicals of extreme hazard.
Refer to the safety shower standard operating procedure example given at
the end of this Appendix.
Respiratory injury
1.
This procedure should include:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
2.
D.
where the eyewash is located.
how to use the eyewash.
emergency notifications.
first aid procedures.
reporting the incident.
special considerations concerning chemicals of extreme hazard.
immediate actions to be taken (i.e., first aid).
emergency notifications.
procedures for medical transportation.
reporting the incident.
special considerations concerning chemicals of extreme hazard.
Refer to the respiratory injury procedure example given at the end of this
Appendix.
Ingestion of hazardous chemicals
1.
This procedure should include:
a.
b.
c.
d.
immediate actions to be taken (i.e., first aid).
emergency notifications.
procedures for medical transportation.
reporting the incident.
Appendix J - 3
e.
2.
III.
Refer to the ingestion procedure example given at the end of this Appendix.
Chemical storage plan
A.
The chemical storage plan should address classes of chemicals and specific,
high hazard chemicals used in the laboratory. The storage plan should
include:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
B.
IV.
special considerations concerning chemicals of extreme hazard.
storage locations of chemicals by group.
color coding on labels used to identify compatible storage.
alphabetizing chemicals within compatible groups.
protection of shelving and storage cabinets.
special storage considerations regarding high hazard chemicals.
storage location for chemical waste.
Refer to the chemical storage plan for laboratories example given at the end of this
Appendix.
Chemical waste disposal
Refer to Appendix G
V.
Lab apparatus protocols and operating procedures
Make manufacturers equipment manuals available to employees.
VI.
Particularly hazardous substances
Information regarding the step by step procedures for handling particular hazardous
substances can be obtained from the manufacturer, the MSDS, or reference literature.
The perchloric acid protocol given on the next page is provided as an example.
Appendix J - 4
WORK AREA NOTIFICATION PROTOCOL
In the event of an emergency that results in serious injury to laboratory staff, damage to
property, or serious disruption of laboratory operations, follow emergency notifications and
response, and initiate notification of laboratory personnel and management.
Emergency Notifications:
principal researcher
office
home
laboratory manager
office
home
department head
office
home
Notification of personnel outside the laboratory:
Post a sign on all entrance doors to the laboratory where the spill occurred indicating:
Do Not Enter - Hazardous Chemical Spill
For more information call
at
your name
phone # you will be at
In the event of a building evacuation:
Notify all personnel in rooms
of the ev acua tion on your w ay ou t.
) at (
Con tact (
principal researcher
Con tact (
) or (
office
) at (
laboratory manager
)
home
) or (
office
Appendix J - 5
)
home
HOW TO PROPERLY COMPLETE A CAUTION SIGN
In order to bring greater uniformity to safety signs throughout the University and to
reduce clutter on laboratory doors and hallways, the University of Georgia provides all
laboratories with door caution signs. All standard safety warnings are concentrated on one 8.5 x
11 inch yellow and black caution placard. These placards should be posted on all laboratory
entrances and in lab service areas where hazardous materials are used or stored. Lab door
caution signs may be requested free of charge from ESD at 2-5801.
MARKING THE SIGN
The caution signs will be laminated when received. Use a fine point permanent marker, such
as a Sharpie, to mark hazards, degree of hazard, quantities, contact information, date posted,
etc. When the information on the sign needs updating, use isopropyl alcohol to erase the old
information. DO NOT destroy or dispose of the sign. These placards are meant to be reused. If
the lab is to be closed, please return the sign to ESD for reissue to another lab.
HAZARDS SECTION
The Hazards section of the door caution sign is divided into Primary and Specific
Hazards and is used to indicate that a chemical hazard with a degree of hazard 1 through 4 (see
definitions below under the NFPA Diamond section) is present in the laboratory. Each hazard
is listed by type (health, flammable, reactive or biohazard). Place a dark check mark in the
appropriate box to the left of the hazard symbol to indicate that a hazard is present. Next,
indicate the quantity of the hazard present by listing the approximate amount in the space
provided to the right of the hazard symbol. An exact amount is not required and quantities
may be estimated. For example, acetone is used in the lab and is ordered in a 20 liter container.
Acetone is a flammable hazard 3, so a check mark is placed in the box to the left of the
flammable symbol. In the space to the right of the symbol place the quantity normally found in
the lab; i.e., 20 liters.
The degree of hazard for many commonly used lab chemicals can be found on the
manufacturer’s label, on the material safety data sheet (MSDS), in the manufacturer’s catalog or
at http://esd.uga.edu/chemical-lab-safety/right-know/msds-access. Each substance is rated on a
scale of 0 (non-hazardous) to 4 (extremely hazardous) for each category:
•
•
•
Health Hazard - the danger or toxic effect of a substance if inhaled, ingested or
absorbed.
Flammable Hazard - the tendency of the substance to burn.
Reactive Hazard - the potential of a substance to explode or react violently with air,
water or other substances.
If your laboratory employs biohazard materials, the appropriate safety level must be
placed in the space provided to the right of the biohazard symbol. Please call the biosafety
office at 2-7265 to have the biosafety level in your laboratory assessed.
•
Biohazard - the biosafety level assigned by the biosafety officer/committee.
Check the box to the left of each Specific Hazard (contact, compressed gas cylinder,
Appendix J - 6
air/water reactive or ultraviolet light) and indicate the quantity of the hazard present.
The contact hazard box would be checked if the substance presents a danger when
exposed to skin, eyes or mucous membranes. If compressed gas cylinders are present,
check the box to the left and indicate the number of cylinders by product in the space to
the right of the hazard symbol. For example, three cylinders of carbon dioxide would be
written as CO 2 - 3.
If your laboratory employs radioisotopes, all radioisotopes listed on the laboratory
license must also be listed in the space entitled “Other Hazards” on the caution sign.
Additionally, a rad sticker must be placed on the door sign in the space provided to the right
of the white hazard boxes. Please call ESD at 542-5801 to obtain a rad sticker.
THE NFPA DIAMOND
The NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) diamond, located on the right hand
side of the door caution sign, is used to record the Degree of Hazard (0 - 4)of all hazardous
substances in the lab. The diamond gives a quick visual determination of the highest level of
hazards present in a given laboratory. The NFPA diamond is divided into four sections with
the following designations:
Blue
Red
Yellow
White
- Health rating
- Flammability rating
- Reactivity rating
- Special warnings such as air or water reactive substances.
Each of the first three sections should be filled in with a number from 0 to 4 to indicate
the highest level of hazard found in your lab. For instance, if the most flammable substance in
your laboratory has an NFPA flammability rating of 3, a large 3 should be placed in the red box
of the NFPA diamond. If the most reactive substance in your lab has a rating of 2, a large 2
should be placed in the yellow reactivity box. Many reagent bottles labels contain NFPA
diamonds indicating the associated hazards. In this instance, NFPA ratings are easily
determined. If the ratings are not on the bottle, consult material safety data sheets (MSDS) or
NFPA rating charts to get the appropriate ratings. Also, see
http://esd.uga.edu/chemical-lab-safety/right-know/msds-access for NFPA listings of many chemicals
commonly found in the laboratory. The level of hazard associated with each numerical rating
is found below:
Health (Blue)
Flammability (Red)
Reactivity (Yellow)
0 - Normal Material
0 - Will not burn
0 - Stable
1 - Slightly Hazardous
1 - Flash Point above 200 F
1 - Unstable if heated
2 - Hazardous
2 - FP between 100 & 200 F
2 - Violent change
3 - Extreme danger
3 - FP below 100 F
3 - Shock and heat may
detonate
4 - Deadly
4 - FP below 73 F
4 - May detonate
The white section or “Special Warnings” would contain the symbol A, W or OX indicating that
air or water reactive or oxidizing chemicals are present in the laboratory.
Appendix J - 7
CONTACT INFORMATION
In this section, list two people that may be contacted in case of an emergency in the
laboratory. The first name recorded should be that of the professor who is the primary
researcher for the laboratory. His/her department, office room number, office phone number
and home phone number should be recorded. A second name (usually the laboratory
supervisor) should be listed in the same manner in the event that the primary researcher cannot
be contacted during an emergency. The second person listed should be someone who regularly
works in the laboratory and can make responsible decisions in the event of an emergency. DO
NOT record the telephone number of ESD, UGA Police Department or 9-911 in this space.
DATE POSTED
Place the month followed by the year that the sign is posted to the right of this field.
The placard and its contents should be reviewed annually. If any changes are made during the
year, the sign should be updated to indicate current laboratory conditions. The date that the
sign was updated should be indicated in the date posted section by placing the corresponding
month followed by the year.
All information contained on the caution sign is helpful to emergency personnel
responding to a reported fire, spill or injury in the lab. An example of a caution sign that is
properly filled out is given below. If you have any questions concerning your caution sign,
please call ESD at 2-5801.
Appendix J - 8
Chemical Spill Procedure
•
Do not attempt to clean up any spill if
•
the appropriate PPE is not available.
•
appropriate spill clean-up materials are unavailable.
•
the chemical or level of exposure hazard is unknown.
•
you have not been appropriately trained in chemical spill clean up.
•
you do not have and/or have not been trained to use respiratory protection
devices.
•
the chemical is of extreme hazard. (NFPA 49 in any section)
If you need assistance contact ESD at 2-5801
•
•
General procedures
•
Get away. Avoid contact with the chemical(s). Evacuate the area if there is an
immediate risk to occupants. Turn on exhaust ventilation (fume
hood/emergency exhaust) and, if flammables are involved, eliminate sources of
ignition and flames.
•
Identify the chemical. Know the chemical name(s), state and concentrations.
•
Get help. Call ESD at 2-5801. If the emergency involves fire, also call 9-911.
•
Seal off the area and alert others. Notify anyone in surrounding areas who may
be affected by the spill. Keep anyone from entering the affected area.
•
Look for injuries. If any injury involves chemical contact, immediately disrobe
the affected areas and wash continuously (follow safety shower or eyewash
SOP). Notify the University Police at 2-2200 of the need for emergency
personnel. Await instructions from emergency response personnel.
•
Initiate work area notification procedures.
Solvent spills
•
Don protective gloves (list gloves appropriate for solvents in the laboratory),
respirator (if available in the laboratory and if personnel are trained in its use,
see Appendix E ), safety goggles, and a lab coat.
Appendix J - 9
•
•
•
•
Absorb the spill onto universal absorbent pads. If the spill is small enough
absorbent paper (note: this does not mean paper towels) may be used. Place
absorbent material onto a fiber, glass, or metal tray and place it in the nearest
functioning fume hood. Contact HMTF at 9-369-5706 for disposal instructions.
Acid or base spills
•
Don protective gloves (list glove(s) appropriate for acid available in the
laboratory), respirator (if personnel are trained in its use, see Appendix E) ,
safety goggles, and a lab coat.
•
Use universal absorbent pads to absorb the spill. Place the pad in a container
and dispose of through the hazardous material program.
•
If universal absorbent pads are unavailable cover acid contaminated surfaces
with sodium bicarbonate or spill kit acid neutralizing material or cover basic
spills with a dilute acid solution (vinegar or citric acid) or spill kit base
neutralizing material.
•
If universal pads are NOT used, test the spill with pH paper to ensure that it has
been completely neutralized. Use available non-combustible absorbent material
to absorb the spill (i.e., kitty litter, vermiculite, etc.)
•
Contact HMTF (9-369-5706) to see if the material needs to be disposed of as
hazardous waste. Wash the spill area thoroughly.
Solid spills
•
Don nitrile rubber gloves, safety goggles, and a lab coat. Respiratory protection
will be necessary in the event of a large spill release in a confined area, or spill
under conditions of higher than normal temperatures. ( see Appendix E for
respirator use)
•
Sweep into a chemical resistant dust pan or onto paper. Place into a plastic bag
or other sealable resistant container. Contact HMTF at 9-369-5706 for disposal
instructions.
Mercury spills
•
Don disposable rubber gloves, safety glasses or goggles, a lab coat and a
respirator (if necessary and personnel are trained in its use, see Appendix E).
•
Collect all droplets and pools at once using a commercial mercury spill kit
(available through CRS or ESS) or a small aspirator with a capillary tube and
connected to a pump that can be used for collecting droplets.
•
Cover fine droplets in non-accessible cracks with calcium polysulfide and excess
sulfur. Combine all contaminated mercury in tightly stoppered bottle. Recycle,
or dispose of through HMTF.
Appendix J - 10
•
Following the spillage of mercury onto a carpeted floor, the area is to be
decontaminated using a mercury spill kit. Occupants are not to be allowed onto
the contaminated area and the floor is not to be vacuumed until the extent of the
spill can be assessed by ESD. In the event of extensive contamination the carpet
will have to be removed.
•
No mercury or mercury contaminated items shall be discarded into the sewer
system or trash. All waste mercury or mercury contaminated items shall be
given to HMTF for recycling or disposal.
Appendix J - 11
Developing a General Laboratory Spill Kit
Listed below are the materials necessary to develop a fairly inexpensive general spill kit for
your laboratory. Purchasing the bulk of these materials through a hardware or discount store is
suggested since it will lessen the expense of the kit. This kit should be able to handle < 1 liter of
most acids, bases, and solvents found in a typical laboratory. Do not attempt to clean up a spill
of greater volume.
Materials:
Large plastic tub to hold the contents of the kit (3-5 gallons)
Plastic dust pan and brush (non-sparking)
Chemical safety goggles and face shield
Appropriate chemical resistant gloves (ex. neoprene)
3-5 waste disposal bags that can be sealed/closed
4-5 absorbent pads
note: brown paper towels and other combustible tissue may ignite when brought
into contact with certain chemicals
pH paper
Bleach (if biohazards are present)
Kitty litter for liquid spills
Sodium bicarbonate for acids
Citric acid for bases
“Powersorb Universal Absorbent Pads” (3M) or other “universal” pads
note: we recommend these pads. They may be used for most acids, bases, and
solvents found in the lab. They absorb more liquid than kitty liter and therefore
produce less waste (~ 5 pads for 1 liter). Place litter or pads in a chemical
resistant container and dispose of through HMTF.
Specific Hazardous Chemicals:
This general chemical spill kit is not meant for use with mercury, hydrofluoric acid, sodium
metal, cytotoxic drugs, and numerous other chemicals. It is the responsibility of all laboratory
personnel to evaluate a potential spill and develop spill response procedures for the specific
hazards present. This kit can be modified to meet the needs of your laboratory. Refer to the
MSDSs for the chemicals handled in the lab to identify if special spill materials are needed.
Contact ESD if you have any questions regarding spill materials for your lab. Any major spill
should be reported to ESD at 2-5801.
Appendix J - 12
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
FOR THE SELECTION AND USE OF
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
EYE PROTECTION
Industrial grade safety eye wear must be worn at all times when working or observing work
procedures in the laboratory. Safety eye wear which is appropriate to the hazard or operation
is to be selected using the following criteria:
Safety Glasses
to be used when:
-
working with, or observing operations involving, small quantities of noncorrosive, low eye hazard chemicals
working with, or observing operations involving, low hazard chemicals (no
greater than a 2 in any of the NFPA designations)
working with, or observing operations involving, ultraviolet light
working with, or observing operations involving, possible flying particles or
projectiles.
Safety Goggles
to be used when:
-
working with, or observing operations involving, chemicals capable of
damaging the eyes
working with, or observing operations involving, larger quantities of low hazard
chemicals (1 gallon or more)
working with, or observing operations involving, chemicals with an NFPA
hazard rating of 3 or 4 in any of the designations.
Face Shields
to be used:
-
in place of safety glasses for a larger protection area
in conjunction with safety goggles when working with large volumes (1 gallon
or greater) of corrosive or skin absorbable chemicals.
Protective eye wear is to be near the entrance of the laboratory in an easily accessible location.
Inspect all eye wear prior to use. If the eye wear is damaged in any way, bring it to the
attention of the supervisor for immediate replacement. Decontaminate and clean eye wear prior
to storage after each use.
Appendix J - 13
Chemical Fume Hood Standard Operating Procedure
General Purpose Hoods
Use this type of hood only for the removal of vapors released or
generated by chemical reactions involving:
-
mildly toxic materials
acids (not heated)
organic solvents
< 10 milliCurie of radioactive materials
In this type of hood, do not use:
-
hot perchloric acid
hot concentrated acids
highly toxic materials
unstable chemicals or explosives
> 10 milliCuries of radioisotopes
perchloric acid if used routinely
If a CAUTION or DANGER sign is posted, do not work in the hood until
the face velocity has been adjusted
-
Do not use large pieces of equipment in the hood.
Close doors and windows when hoods are in operation.
Avoid foot traffic and rapid arm/body movement.
Place chemical sources and equipment at least 6 inches behind the face of the hood.
Do not extend your head inside of the hood while experiments are being performed
Perform work with the sash height as low as possible (at most 10-12 inches).
Keep fume hoods and adjacent work areas clean since solid debris can enter the hood’s
exhaust duct work.
Protect spark sources from flammable vapors. Permanent electrical receptacles are not
permitted in the hood.
Do not cut holes into the hood or its duct work.
Do not store chemicals in a fume hood unless storage is the sole use of the hood. Only
those chemicals necessary to perform the experiment should be left in the hood.
Do not use hood evaporation as a means of chemical disposal.
Appendix J - 14
IN CASE OF FIRE
If you discover a fire:
1)
Activate the fire alarm pull station.
2)
Evacuate the building using stairwells and corridors. Close as many doors
between you and the fire.
3)
From a safe location, call 9-911 and report the fire. Then call 2-2200 (University
Police) and report the fire. Initiate your work area notification protocol.
4)
Do not reenter the building until the all clear is given by the fire department. A
silenced alarm does not indicate an all clear.
If you hear a fire alarm:
1)
Proceed to the nearest exit. Evacuate the building using stairwells and corridors.
Do not use elevators.
If the door is closed in the room you are in, do not open the door until you have
felt the knob and upper door for heat. If the door or knob are hot, do not open
the door. Stuff the door cracks with towels, lab coats, throw rugs, etc. If the
window is clear of smoke or flames, open it and hang a lab coat or some other
material as a signal to firefighters that you are in the room. If a phone is
available and working, call 9-911.
2)
If you encounter excessive smoke while evacuating, get as low as possible and
crawl to the nearest exit. If possible, cover your mouth and nose with a wet
cloth.
3)
Once outside, move to a safe location. Do not reenter the building until the all
clear is given by the fire department. A silenced alarm does not indicate an all
clear.
Appendix J - 15
Portable Fire Extinguisher Standard Operating Procedure
Portable extinguishers are intended as a first line of defense to cope with fires of limited size.
The selection, installation, inspection and maintenance are important parameters for acceptable
extinguishing equipment. ALL FIRES MUST BE REPORTED TO ESD WITHIN 24 HOURS OF
THE FIRE.
SELECTION
The selection of extinguishers for a given situation shall be determined by the character of the
anticipated fire.
Class A Extinguishers:
Class A fires are ordinary combustible materials such as wood, cloth and paper.
Extinguishers for protecting class A hazards shall be selected from water type and
multipurpose dry chemical.
Class B Extinguishers:
Class B fires are in flammable liquids, oils, greases, tars and flammable gases.
Extinguishers for the protection of class B hazards shall be selected from aqueous film
forming foam, film forming fluoroprotein foam, carbon dioxide, dry chemical types and
halogenated agent types.
Class C Extinguishers:
Class C fires involve energized electrical equipment where the electrical nonconductivity of the extinguishing media is of importance. Extinguishers for protection
of class C hazards shall be selected from carbon dioxide and dry chemical types.
Class D Extinguishers:
Class D fires involve combustible metals such as magnesium, titanium, zirconium,
sodium, lithium and potassium. Extinguishers for the protection of class D hazards
shall be of the types approved for the specific combustible metal hazard.
OPERATION
Extinguishers vary in operation and instructions are required to be in plain view on the front of
the extinguisher. The basic steps for actuation should apply to all extinguishers and are as
follows:
1.
2.
3.
Remove fire extinguisher from its mount.
Remove locking device: Extinguishers have a locking safeguard to prevent
accidental actuation. These usually consist of lock pins or ring pins and must be
removed before actuation.
Discharge: These may require one or more of several actions including pushing,
pulling, turning, or squeezing a valve handle or lever. Direct the stream of the
extinguishing agent toward the base of the fire. Nameplate information has
advisory notes regarding the application of the agent to different types of fires.
If there are any additional questions consult the codes and standards of the National Fire
Protection Association. If you would like Fire Extinguisher Training, please contact Fire Safety
at 369-5706.
Appendix J - 16
Emergency Eyewash Station
Standard Operating Procedure
LOCATION(S):
TO USE THE EMERGENCY EYEWASH STATION:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Do not panic.
Shout out for help to allow co-workers to assist you.
Get to the eyewash station and turn the eyewash on.
Someone should be calling for EMS. From campus, dial 9-911.
Rinse both eyes with copious amounts of water for a minimum of 15
minutes.
Keep your eyelids open by using your hands to ensure adequate
flushing of the eyes.
Continue rinsing eyes until emergency medical personnel arrive to
assist.
Contact ESD at 2-5801 in the event of an emergency.
Please note: The emergency eyewash station is only for first aid. It is not
medical treatment for chemical exposures. Make certain that you seek
proper medical attention.
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
THINGS TO REMEMBER
Keep the eyewash and safety shower free of obstructions at all times.
Keep the “pressure pop-off” covers (protective caps) on the eyewash stations.
Test eyewash stations for approximately five minutes every week.
Be sure that there are no electrical wires or outlets in the surrounding vicinity
and the eyewash station should be easy to reach.
All personnel should be able to identify the location of the eyewash station
before any work begins. Know the location of the eyewash station with your
eyes closed.
Be ready to assist co-workers in the event of an accident.
Turn off hot water from the main or completely remove the hot water knob for
eyewash stations that are mounted to a faucet.
Appendix J - 17
Safety Shower Standard Operating Procedure
LOCATION(S):
TO USE AN EMERGENCY SAFETY SHOWER:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Do not panic.
Shout out for help.
Allow co-workers to assist you.
Someone should be calling for emergency medical assistance. On
campus this may be done by dialing 9-911.
Get to the safety shower and pull the shower handle.
Begin removing all articles of clothing and jewelry. Modesty is not
an issue in a life threatening situation.
Rinse with copious amounts of water for a minimum of 15 minutes.
Co-workers, assist. The victim may faint, go into shock, or may not
wish to stay under the shower due to water coldness or fatigue.
Allow emergency medical personnel to help with further assistance.
Seek immediate medical attention.
Additional Measures to Consider:
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
The safety shower should remain free from obstructions at all times.
There should be no electrical sockets in the surrounding vicinity and the
safety shower should be easy to reach.
Have all personnel identify the location of the safety shower before any
work begins. You should know the location with your eyes closed.
Be ready to assist co-workers in the event of an accident.
Decontaminate helpers.
Discard any clothing that may be contaminated as hazardous waste.
Contain water flow from showers with absorbent material to prevent the
spread of contamination.
Contact ESD at 2-5801 anytime the safety shower is used.
Appendix J - 18
RESPIRATORY INJURY PROTOCOL
In the event that toxic vapors or large quantities of moderately hazardous
vapors are inhaled:
-
S
-
Remove from exposure area to fresh air immediately.
If breathing has stopped, give artificial respiration.
Keep affected person warm and at rest.
Call University Police at 2-2200 or 9-911 to get assistance.
Contact ESD at 2-5801 to get an MSDS.
Remain with the affected person until emergency responders arrive.
Have a copy of the MSDS sent with emergency responders or to the
hospital.
Fill out two UGA Accident/Incident report forms and two
Employer’s First Report of Injury forms; forward to human
resources.
Initiate laboratory work area notification procedures.
In the event small quantities of moderately hazardous vapors are inhaled:
-
Remove from exposure area to fresh air immediately.
Contact ESD at 2-5801 to get assistance.
In a timely manner, seek medical attention.
Fill out two UGA Accident/Incident report forms and two
Employer’s First Report of Injury forms; forw ard two copies to
human resources.
Appendix J - 19
HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL INGESTION PROTOCOL
In the event that toxic, corrosive, or moderately hazardous chemicals are
ingested:
-
Keep affected person warm and at rest.
-
Call University Police at 2-2200 or 9-911 to get assistance.
-
Contact ESD at 2-5801 to get chemical specific ingestion protocols
and an MSDS.
-
Remain with the affected person until emergency responders arrive.
-
Have the MSDS sent with emergency responders or to the hospital.
S
Fill out two UGA Accident/Incident Report and two Employer’s
First Report of Injury or Occupational Disease forms. Forward to
human resources.
-
Initiate laboratory work area notification procedures.
Appendix J - 20
Chemical Storage Plan For Laboratories
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
Chemicals should be stored according to hazard class (i.e., flammables, oxidizers, toxics,
corrosives, etc.)
Incompatible chemicals should be physically separated from each other during storage.
Store chemicals away from direct sunlight or localized heat.
Containers of corrosive chemicals (acids/bases) should be stored in chemical-resistant
catch trays large enough to contain any spill or leakage.
All chemical containers must be labeled in accordance with the Chemical and
Laboratory Safety Manual.
Store hazardous chemicals at a safe reachable height for all workers in the laboratory.
Shelves should be made of chemical resistant materials and/or covered with a chemical
resistant coating.
Shelves should be secure and strong enough to hold chemicals being stored on them.
Do not overload shelves.
Personnel should be aware of the hazards associated with all hazardous materials.
Separate solids from liquids.
The following are examples of groups of chemicals that can be categorized for chemical storage.
Use these groups as examples when separating your chemicals by compatibility. Please note
that reactive chemicals must be more closely evaluated since they have a greater potential for
reacting with chemicals in their same group. See Appendix D or chemical storage based on
color code system. This posting may be posted in storage areas to aid workers in chemical
storage. Contact laboratory safety if you have any questions concerning chemical storage.
Acids:
C
C
C
C
Make sure that all acids are stored by compatibility.
Store concentrated acids on lower shelves in chemical-resistant catch trays or in a
corrosives cabinet. This will temporarily contain spills or leaks.
Separate acids from bases and active metals such as sodium, magnesium, and
potassium.
Acids should be separated from chemicals which can generate toxic gases when
combined (i.e., sodium cyanide and iron sulfide).
Bases:
C
C
C
Make sure that all bases are stored by compatibility.
Store bases away from acids.
Store concentrated bases on lower shelves in chemical-resistant catch trays or in a
corrosives cabinet. This will temporarily contain spills or leaks.
Flammables:
C
Make sure that all flammables are stored by compatibility.
C
You may store 10 gallons of flammable liquids per 100 sq.ft. of flammable liquids in
non-fire separated lab areas (NFPA 30 & 45). Lab areas that are properly fire separated
or are sprinkled may store 20 gallons of flammable liquids per 100 sq.ft. in the area. The
maximum allowable quantity for flammable liquid storage in any size lab is not to
exceed 120 gallons.
C
Approved flammable storage cabinets should be used for flammable storage.
Appendix J - 21
C
C
Regarding flammable liquid storage outside of approved flammable storage cabinets,
there may be a maximum of 10 gallons of flammable liquids in original containers and
an additional 25 gallons in approved safety cans not to exceed 2 gallon size (NFPA 45).
Use only explosion-proof or intrinsically safe refrigerators and freezers for storing
flammable liquids.
University of Georgia guidelines for flammable storage follow NFPA 30 & 45.
Peroxide-Forming Chemicals:
C
Make sure that all peroxide-forming chemicals are stored by compatibility.
C
Peroxide-forming chemicals should be stored in airtight containers in a dark, cool, and
dry place.
C
Unstable chemicals such as peroxide-formers must always be labeled with date
received, date opened, and disposal/expiration date.
C
Peroxide-forming chemicals should be properly disposed of before the date of expected
peroxide formation (typically 6 months after opening).
C
Suspicion of peroxide contamination should be immediately investigated. Contact ESD
at 2-5801 for procedures.
Water-Reactive Chemicals:
C
Make sure that all water-reactive chemicals are stored by compatibility.
C
Water-reactive chemicals should be stored in a cool, dry place. Do not store waterreactive chemicals under sinks or near water baths.
C
Class D fire extinguishers for the specific water-reactive chemical being stored should
be made available.
Oxidizers:
C
Make sure that all oxidizers are stored by compatibility.
C
Store oxidizers away from flammables, combustibles, and reducing agents.
Toxics:
C
C
C
Make sure that all toxics are stored by compatibility.
Toxic compounds should be stored according to the nature of the chemical, with
appropriate security employed when necessary.
A poison control network telephone number should be posted in the laboratory where
toxics are stored.
Appendix J - 22
Perchloric Acid Standard Operating Procedure
The following is a sample SOP for perchloric acid. This SOP should be placed in the
“Particularly Hazardous Substances” section of your Laboratory-Specific Chemical Care &
Handling Plan. Please note: this SOP is a general procedure for the use of perchloric acid. It
does not address specific issues for each unique operation that may be performed in a lab.
Please modify this procedure to meet the needs of your particular situation.
•
Procedures and practices
•
Persons working with perchloric acid should be thoroughly familiar with
general guidelines for the safe handling of hazardous chemicals supplemented
by additional precautions particular for this chemical. Section 2 of the
Laboratory Safety Manual covers SOP for general laboratory practices. General
safety guidelines include use of the PPE, laboratory apparel, etc.
•
Storage and handling.
•
Perchloric acid should be used only in standard analytical procedures
from well recognized analytical texts. Work with > 85% perchloric acid
requires special precautions and should be carried out only by specially
trained personnel.
•
As a minimum, splash goggles, nitrile gloves, and a lab coat should be
worn when handling perchloric acid.
•
Always transfer perchloric acid over a chemical resistant catch tray in
order to catch any spills and afford a ready means of disposal.
•
Precautions should be taken to prevent the build up of explosive
perchlorates. Light, mechanical shock, heat and certain catalysts can be
initiators of explosive reactions with the perchlorates that may be formed
from perchloric acid. Anhydrous acid which may be formed with strong
dehydrating agents decomposes at ordinary temperatures and explodes
on contact with most organic materials. Perchloric acid containers
should be kept open no longer than 15 minutes per experiment.
•
Perchloric acid should be stored in well-ventilated location separated
from organic substances and other combustible materials. Do not store
perchloric acid in a refrigerator or other dehydrating atmosphere.
•
Keep incompatible chemicals away from perchloric acid and the area in
which perchloric acid will be used. Those chemicals that are
incompatible with perchloric acid include oxidizable organic compounds
such as alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, ethers, and dialkyl sulfoxides;
strong acids such as sulfuric acid; dehydrating agents; anhydrous
phosphorous pentoxide; formaldehyde; antimony or bismuth; and
reducing agents. Seventy percent perchloric acid may react with cellulose
materials such as wood, paper, and cotton. Preventing contact with
Appendix J - 23
incompatible chemicals during storage may be accomplished by placing
perchloric acid containers in nonbreakable, chemical resistant containers
which are capable of holding the entire contents of the container.
•
Fume hoods
•
General purpose fume hoods
Heating of perchloric acid or perchloric acid reactions that involve heat
shall not be conducted in a general purpose fume hood. Use of perchloric
acid (<72%) at ambient temperature may be conducted in a general
purpose fume hood if the following procedures are followed:
•
•
•
Only small quantities are used on an infrequent basis.
Easily accessible areas in the fume hood, which are exposed to
perchloric acid, are immediately wet wiped or rinsed with a squirt
bottle of distilled water after use. This procedure prevents the
buildup of explosive perchlorates. Periodic methylene blue tests
should be conducted after each perchloric acid use for the
presence of any perchlorates.
Perchloric acid fume hoods: Special precautions involving heated
perchloric acid
•
•
Anhydrous perchloric acid is a powerful oxidizer that may
explode if it comes in contact with organic materials. Anhydrous
perchloric acid can be produced when heating perchloric acid,
during the evaporation of perchloric acid, or during reactions
involving dehydrating agents.
Chemicals that are incompatible with anhydrous or hot
concentrated perchloric acid include acetic anhydride, acetic acid,
aniline, carbon (wood charcoal & carbon black), paper, wood
fiber, or sawdust.
•
•
•
Procedures involving heated perchloric acid, reactions
involving dehydrating agents, or routine use of perchloric
acid must be conducted in a perchloric acid fume hood
equipped with a water wash-down system. The wash
down system should be turned on immediately after
perchloric acid has been heated in the hood or after
general use of the fume hood. Step by step instructions
should be written on how to operate the wash-down for
perchloric acid hoods.
Tests shall be conducted for explosive perchlorates before
any inspection, cleaning, maintenance, or other work
performed on the exhaust system or hood interior.
Perchloric acid hoods are specifically designed for the use
of perchloric acid and other material that can deposit
shock sensitive crystalline materials in the hood and
Appendix J - 24
exhaust system. Only those chemicals for which the hood
is specifically designed should be used in a perchloric acid
hood.
•
•
•
In the event of exposure
•
In the event of skin contact, immediately wash with soap and water and
remove contaminated clothing. Seek medical attention immediately. In
case of eye contact, promptly wash with copious amounts of water for a
minimum of 15 minutes (lifting upper and lower lids occasionally) and
obtain medical attention. If perchloric acid is ingested, obtain medical
attention immediately. If large amounts of this compound are inhaled,
move the person to fresh air and seek medical attention at once.
•
In the event of any type of exposure to this chemical, contact Public
Safety Dispatch at 2-2200 who will call an EMT and contact
Environmental Safety Division. After any exposure, an incident/accident
form should be filled out with Environmental Safety Division.
Spills
•
Spill control materials should be available to control the release of
perchloric acid. Appropriate protective equipment for clean-up should
be worn (i.e., lab coats, protective gloves, protective rubber boots).
Clean-up the spill according to established SOP.
•
Perchloric acid spilled on the floor or bench top represents a hazard since
the evaporation of the spill may lead to the formation of more dangerous
concentrations of the acid. It should not be mopped up, nor should it be
soaked up with dry combustibles.
•
Remove all combustibles from the surrounding area (i.e., wood, paper,
oils). A water spray may be used to help reduce vapors and keep the
area wet. Measures should be taken to keep the material or spill area
from drying. Neutralize the spill with a dilute solution of sodium
hydroxide and then use absorbent material such as universal pads or
absorbent clay to absorb it. Place the material in closed flammable waste
disposal can.
•
The area of the spill should be thoroughly rinsed once again and tested
for the presence of perchlorates. You may want to neutralize this area
also.
Hazardous waste disposal
Excess perchloric acid and waste material containing perchloric acid should be
placed in a glass reagent container and disposed of according to those
procedures.
Appendix J - 25
•
Test procedure for perchlorates
•
•
•
•
•
Collect approximately 10-20 ml of wash water flushed from duct work of
the perchloric acid hood and contaminated surfaces.
Add approximately 2-5 drops of 0.1% solution methylene blue in water.
If a violet precipitate forms perchlorates are present.
If perchlorates are present, flush the duct work with water until the test is
negative.
Contact ESD if you have any questions.
Appendix J - 26