Microsoft Corporation
Prepared for:
Mrs. Fobes
University of Mobile
Prepared by:
Joseph Crisler
ID #182863
Date:
November 23, 2010
MEMORANDUM
DATE:
TO:
FROM:
SUBJECT:
November 23, 2010
Mrs. Fobes, Instructor in English
Joseph Crisler, ID #182863
Report on Microsoft Corporation
As you requested, I have researched company, product, and financial information about Microsoft
so you may decide if you would like to invest your money in the company. This report will present my
research about Microsoft. The report includes a short history of the company, an overview of each of the
five business divisions, a financial summary, conclusions, and recommendations on how Microsoft can
continue its growth as a company and benefit its investors. The report contains illustrations representing
the company’s financial status and the company products and services. The data was collected from
leading technology research companies, scholarly reference materials, and financial and industry analysts.
CONTENTS
PAGE
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ……………………………………………………………….
1
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY …………………………………………………………………
2
INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………………………………..
3
THE FIVE BUSINESS DIVISIONS ……………………………………………………….
4
Windows and Windows Live Division ……………………………………….……
4
Windows Operating System …………………………………………………………
4
Windows XP …………………………………………………………………………
4
Windows 7 ……………………………………………………………………………
5
Windows Live …………………………………………………………………..……
5
Windows Live Hotmail ………………………………………………………………
5
Windows Live Messenger………………………………………………………..……
6
Windows Live Essentials ………………………………………………………..……
6
Windows Live SkyDrive ………………………………………………………………
7
Server and Tools Division ……………………………………………………………
7
Windows Server ………………………………………………………………….……
8
Microsoft SQL Server …………………………………………………………………
8
Microsoft Exchange Server ……………………………………………………………
8
Microsoft SharePoint Server ……………………………………………………..……
9
Visual Studio ……………………………………………………………………..……
9
Online Services Division ………………………………………………………....……
9
Bing ………………………………………………………………………………..……
10
Office Live Meeting ……………………………………………………………… ……
10
MSN ……………………………………………………………………………….……
11
Microsoft Business Division ……………………………………………………..……
11
Microsoft Office Suite …………………………………………………………….……
11
Microsoft Dynamics ERP & CRM ………………………………………………..……
12
Entertainment and Devices Division …………………………………………… ……
13
Xbox Platform ……………………………………………………………………. ……
13
FINANCIAL SUMMARY ………………………………………………………….……
15
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ……………………………………………
17
ILLUSTRATIONS
FIGURES
PAGE
1. Figure 1 Word document created on SkyDrive ………………………………………..
7
2. Figure 2 Bing Homepage ………………….……………………………………………
10
3. Figure 3 Office 2010 Editions ………..…………………………………………………
12
4. Figure 4 Microsoft Dynamics integration with Outlook 2010 …………………………
13
CHARTS
1. Chart 1 Percentage of Revenue Earned per Division …………………………………..
16
2. Chart 2 Fiscal Year Comparison ……………………………………………………….
16
2
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Over the past several weeks, I have researched the company Microsoft to find out about its
history, products and services, financial stability, and market share. The company was founded in 1975 by
Bill Gates and Paul Allen and is headquartered in Redmond, WA. Microsoft’s most recent financial
statement reported revenues of over $62 billion and net income increased by 16% from fiscal year 2009 to
fiscal year 2010 to over $18 billion. The company reported an operating profit margin of 38.57% for the
fiscal year ending July 2010. As of November 19, 2010, Microsoft’s price per share was $25.69, with a
yearly high of $31.58 and a low of $22.73. Microsoft has a market cap of $219 billion and a 2.49% yield
(“NYSE”).
Microsoft operates within five business divisions that consist of Windows desktop operating
systems, Windows server operating systems and server technologies, online services, business
applications, a console gaming platform, and electronic entertainment. Microsoft’s Windows operating
systems have over 90% of the market share for desktop and server operating systems worldwide. Over
500 million licenses of the Microsoft Office Suite have been sold since 1990. Nearly 60% of the world
uses Microsoft’s Internet Explorer as their web browser. A substantial market share, combined with
financial stability, and diverse product groups, has given Microsoft the ability to use a large economies of
scale, thus increasing net income and reducing operating cost.
3
INTRODUCTION
Microsoft Corporation, founded in 1975 by Bill Gates and Paul Allen, is the worldwide leader in
personal computer (PC) software application development. The core of Microsoft’s business is the
development, manufacturing, and licensing of software applications. Microsoft develops PC operating
systems, Internet software and services, business applications and solutions, software development tools,
as well as server applications. Microsoft was contracted by IBM in 1980 to develop an operating system
for its PC. Microsoft purchased the rights to an operating system, Q-DOS, and modified it to suit IBM’s
specifications. This product was name MS-DOS or “Microsoft Disk Operating System”. Released in
1982, MS-DOS was a command line operating system that lacked the functionality of today’s modern
operating systems but set the stage for Microsoft to become the largest software developer in the world.
The company generates revenue through its five divisions. The five divisions are the Windows
and Windows Live division, the Server and Tools division, the Online Services division, the Business
division, and the Entertainment and Devices division. Microsoft is headquartered in Redmond, WA and
employs an estimated 89,000 people. The company operates mainly in the U.S. but has a presence in over
100 countries across the globe. In 1986, Microsoft became a publicly traded company. Today, Microsoft
is one the most recognized brands in the world.
4
THE FIVE BUSINESS DIVISIONS
WINDOWS AND WINDOWS LIVE DIVISION
The Windows and Windows Live Division of Microsoft consist of windows operating systems,
online software and technologies, and web-base services. Windows operating systems are categorized into
two editions: premium and standard. The premium versions, Home Premium, Professional, Ultimate, and
Enterprise include added features. Both premium and standard versions are sold as retail and on a volume
licensing basis. Windows Live consists of free applications and generates revenue through online
advertising. The Windows and Windows Live Division of Microsoft has accounted for over 17 million
dollars in sales or 28% of the total sales for 2010 (Hoovers).
WINDOWS OPERATING SYSTEM
Microsoft released the first version of the Windows operating system in 1985. It was the first
operating system to have a graphical user interface (GUI) for IBM-compatible personal computers. The
first version, Windows 1.0, was an extension of the MS-DOS operating system that allowed user to
navigate through folders and files by clicking a mouse button rather than typing paths into a text prompt
(“Windows OS”). It featured drop-down menus, scroll bars, icons, and dialog boxes and introduced the
ability to switch between programs without having to start and stop each program. A few of the
applications included in the first version were Microsoft Paint, Notepad, Calculator, and Writer, a word
processor application ("A History of Windows”). The Windows operating system is currently the most
widely used operating system in the world and is now in its seventh version.
Windows XP
To date, no version of the Windows operating system has been more successful than Windows
XP. Released on October 25, 2001, Windows XP contains 45 million lines of code and was the first
operating system aimed at the consumer that was built on the Windows NT kernel. This provided a more
stable and secure operating environment for the user. Microsoft has sold over 400 million copies of the
Windows XP operating system. The sale of Windows XP ended on October 22, 2010 and Microsoft plans
to support the operating system until 2014. Microsoft has released two operating systems since Windows
5
XP, Vista and Windows 7, but according to research 48% of businesses using XP will continue to do so
after it’s retirement in 2014 (Keizer, “XP”).Windows XP has an estimated 65-70% of the market share for
operating systems (Hoovers).
Windows 7
Windows 7, Microsoft’s latest operating system, was officially released on October 22, 2009. Its
release came after the disappointing release of Vista. The major complaints with Vista are slower than
normal startup, slow processing, incompatibility with hardware, and overly aggressive user access
control. Microsoft addressed these issues with Windows 7 and eliminated them. Windows 7 offers
enhanced security without compromising user control, an easy network setup and interface, faster startup, and increased battery life for portable PCs. Microsoft sold 10 Windows 7 licenses per second and 240
million copies in its first year of release (“Microsoft: 240 Million Licenses of Windows”).
WINDOWS LIVE
Windows Live was introduced in early November 2005 as set of free web services and software
applications that allow individuals to access their e-mail, documents, and photos via the Internet. Users
access their information by creating a Windows Live ID, which is simply an e-mail surname chosen by
the user with the @hotmail.com extension, and a password also chosen by the user. The Windows Live
ID service provides mobile access to Microsoft online services. Windows Live has grown to include
Windows Live Mail (Hotmail), Messenger, Essentials, and SkyDrive. “Windows Live helps people stay
in touch and keep their online lives organized in one place. But Windows Live is more than just web
services. It also includes programs for your PC, and mobile services for your web-enabled mobile device”
(Ballweg).
Windows Live Mail
Windows Live Mail is a free web-based e-mail client that allows users to access their email
anywhere a connection to the Internet is available. According to market statistics, Windows Live Mail
had 368 million visitors in May 2010. Microsoft Windows Live Mail had 30% and 51% more visitors in
May 2010 than Yahoo! Mail and Google’s Gmail respectively (Edward). Windows Live Mail also allows
6
users to attach up to 10 gigabytes of information in a single message via SkyDrive. Google’s Gmail is
limited to 25 megabytes or .002% the capacity size for attachments. Windows Live Mail also includes a
web-based calendar, complete with a To-do List and up-to-date weather information based on the user’s
profile settings, and a Contact List.
Windows Live Messenger
Windows Live Messenger, now in its eighth version, was first introduced in 1999. Messenger
allows users to send instant messages to anyone stored in their Contact List within Windows Live Mail.
Users can attach files to their instant messages, video chat, and send video messages. Windows Live
Messenger is now fully integrated with today’s most popular social networking web site, Facebook, as
well as MySpace and LinkedIn. Windows Live Messenger can also be used with mobile devices and
smart phones, including the iPhone and iPad (“What's New in Windows Live Messenger 2011.”).
According to PCMag.com, since the newest version of Messenger was release in the fall of this year,
Facebook users have accounted for 250 million conversations totaling 1.5 billion minutes (“Windows
Live, Facebook Users”).
Windows Live Essentials
Windows Live Essentials is a downloadable application suite that bundles the most popular
components from the Windows Live product line. Included in the bundle are Windows Live Mail,
Messenger, Photo Gallery, and Movie Maker. Essentials also include Writer, a desktop publishing
application that allows users to setup, create, and publish a blog. Writer is fully compatible with most of
the major blogs, including WordPress and Blogger. It features the familiar “Ribbon” bar from the Office
Suite, embedding of photos, and a WYSIWYG interface. Another application available from Essentials is
Family Safety. Family Safety allows users to set parental controls and restrictions for children. The
application creates activity reports for usage and sites visited. Remote access is also available to change
control restrictions online (“Windows Live Essentials 2011”).
7
Windows Live SkyDrive
Windows Live SkyDrive allows user to store Microsoft Office files, documents, and photos in the
“cloud”. Each user is allowed 25 gigabytes of storage. Files can be created in web-based versions of
Word, Excel, PowerPoint, and OneNote or existing files can be uploaded to SkyDrive for online
collaboration. Each file can be marked as private or public. Private documents are password protected and
require a Windows Live ID to access. The Microsoft Office suite is not required to open any file created
on SkyDrive, however, if the user has Microsoft Office they can chose to open the file locally for editing
and then save it back to SkyDrive seamlessly. SkyDrive is Microsoft’s answer to Google’s Google
Documents.
Figure 1 Word document created on SkyDrive
SERVER AND TOOLS DIVISION
The Server and Tools Division of Microsoft are products and applications that are designed for IT
professionals and enterprise businesses to use to be more productive and efficient. These products include
Windows Server, Microsoft SQL Server, SharePoint Server, and Visual Studio. Revenue is generated
8
through retails sales and volume licensing agreements. The Server and Tools Division of Microsoft has
accounted for over 14 million dollars in sales or 24% of the total sales for 2010 (Hoovers).
Windows Server
Microsoft released its first version of the Windows Server operating system on August 24, 1996.
Originally named Windows NT, the Windows Server operating system allows businesses to build an IT
infrastructure consisting of multiple networks, Web services, and connected and multi-user applications
(“Windows Server”). Windows Server provides greater security and stability, user collaboration, large
storage of data, and access to client operating systems. Remote Desktop and administrative tools such as
adding/deleting users from the network are also features of the Windows Server operating system. Now in
its fourth version, Windows Server 2008 R2 was released on October 22, 2009. Microsoft accounted for
48.9% of the server operating systems market share in the fourth quarter of 2009 (“IDC”).
Microsoft SQL Server
Microsoft SQL Server was first released for Windows in 1990. SQL Server is a relational model
database server that uses T-SQL and ANSI SQL as its primary query language. SQL Server 2008 R2 is
the tenth version of Microsoft SQL Server. It was released on April 20, 2010 and provides improved
scalability, reliability, and security. Beginning with the 2005 release of SQL Server, Microsoft included
SQL Server Management Studio. It provides the user with an integrated environment for creating,
accessing, and managing all components of SQL Server, including table creation, query and stored
procedure design, and database administration and access control (“Using SQL Server Management
Studio”).
Microsoft Exchange Server
Microsoft Exchange Server is a server application that allows user access to email, scheduling,
tasks, and contacts via the mail client, Microsoft Outlook. Initially released in June 1996, the latest
version, Exchange Server 2010, supports mobile and web-based access, built-in data storage, and
collaboration tools. Users can access email, calendars, and share information locally from their desktops
9
using Outlook or remotely using Outlook Web Access through a web browser. In late 2008, Exchange
Server made up 65% of the market share for enterprise email products (“Email Products”).
Microsoft SharePoint Server
Microsoft SharePoint Server was first introduced in 2001 as a means of sharing information,
managing documents, and publishing reports within a network. SharePoint Server, now in its fourth
version, is built entirely on the ASP.NET framework which allows it to reside on a Microsoft IIS web
server. A Microsoft server operating system, as well as a Microsoft SQL Server database is required to
run SharePoint Server. SharePoint Server 2010, the latest version, integrates social networking, business
intelligence, and business workflow processes into a single web-based environment. According to
research done by The Radicati Group, Inc. in March 2010, the install base for SharePoint is expected to
grow at an average annual rate of 11% over the next four years (“Microsoft SharePoint Market
Analysis”).
Visual Studio
Visual Studio, first released in 1995, is an integrated development environment (IDE) that is used
to create graphical user interface (GUI) applications, Windows Form applications, web sites, and web
applications and services. It supports IntelliSense, code refactoring, and code debugging. It includes a
WYSIWYG (“What you see is what you get”) designer for developing GUI applications. Visual Studio
also provides capabilities to connect to database schemas for design and modification purposes. It
primarily consists of four programming languages, C/C++, VB.NET, C#, and F#. Visual Studio 2010 is
the tenth version of the development tool and was released on April 12, 2010.
ONLINE SERVICES DIVISION
The Online Services Division of Microsoft includes products and applications that empower users
to use the capabilities of the Internet to its fullest extent. They are designed both for the consumer and the
IT professional, as well as enterprise businesses. These products include Bing, Office Live Meeting, and
MSN. The division generates revenue through volume licensing agreements and advertising. The Online
10
Services Division of Microsoft has accounted for over 2 million dollars in sales or 4% of the total sales
for 2010 (Hoovers).
Bing
Bing was designed by Microsoft to make searching the Internet for information faster. According
to research, 66% of Internet users turn to search engines during the decision making process (“Bing
Newsroom: Press Materials”). Bing provides search tools to simplify searches, return results that allow
the user to make better decisions, and promote faster research. Bing allows users to search for news,
images, videos, and make travel arrangements. Bing is also available in a mobile version that can be used
on web-enabled devices and features voice recognition, GPS capabilities, and local and web search
results.
Figure 3 Bing Homepage
Office Live Meeting
Microsoft Office Live Meeting provides companies and organizations with enterprise-level Web
conferencing functionality. Office Live Meeting is available through a subscription to Microsoft Online
11
Services. It allows users access to virtual meetings, presentations, training sessions, and collaboration via
the Internet. Microsoft uses a central server to host the meeting and each client has Office Live Meeting
installed on their machine allowing them access to the meeting via an invitation. Businesses utilize Office
Live Meeting to cut travel costs.
MSN
MSN is a web site designed by Microsoft that integrates news, search capabilities, and social
networking together in one location. MSN uses the Bing search engine to return search results. MSN
incorporates social networking sites, such as Facebook and Twitter, allowing user to instantly update their
status directly from the MSN homepage. MSN also features local news and in-line video streaming. The
MSN homepage is visited by over 600 million people worldwide each month (“MSN Newsroom: Press
Materials”).
MICROSOFT BUSINESS DIVISION
The Microsoft Business Division of Microsoft consists of the Microsoft Office Suite and
Dynamics enterprise business products. These products are aimed at small and enterprise businesses, as
well as the consumer. Microsoft Office is designed to increase productivity by offering a variety of
programs and services, such as word processing, data storage, and online capabilities. Microsoft
Dynamics provide customer relationship management (CRM), financial and supply chain management,
and analytical services. Revenue is gained through retail and volume licensing agreements. The Business
Division of Microsoft has accounted for over 18 million dollars in sales or 30% of the total sales for 2010
(Hoovers).
Microsoft Office Suite
The Microsoft Office Suite was introduced in October 1990 as part of Windows 3.0. Now in its
fourteenth version, it consists of several desktop applications that can be integrated together to produce
elaborate documents, presentations, and spreadsheets. The Office Suite is available in three different
editions: Home and Student, Home and Business, and Professional. The current version of the Microsoft
Office Suite, Office 2010, was released on June15, 2010. According to research in June of 2009 by
12
Forrester Research, 80% of enterprise businesses use Microsoft Office (“Forrester: Microsoft Office in
No Danger from Competitors”). A few of the products included in the Microsoft Office 2010 suite are
Word for word processing and document creation, Excel for creating spreadsheets and analyzing data,
PowerPoint for creating presentations, and Outlook for e-mail, scheduling, contact information storage,
and task management.
Figure 3 Office 2010 Editions
Microsoft Dynamics ERP & CRM
Microsoft Dynamics is a complete enterprise solution featuring enterprise resource planning
(ERP) and customer relationship management (CRM). Released in 2003, Microsoft Dynamics is targeted
toward medium to large business enterprises. Dynamics offer customer, financial, project, and supply
13
chain management. Businesses can use Dynamics to create budgets, manage reports, view trends, process
payroll and billing, track manufacturing, and develop sales and marketing strategies. Dynamics is a fully
connected software business solution. More than 300,000 businesses use Microsoft Dynamics.
Figure 4 Microsoft Dynamics Integrated with Outlook 2010
ENTERTAINMENT AND DEVICES DIVISION
The Entertainment and Devices Division of Microsoft is comprised mainly of the Xbox 360,
Xbox LIVE, Xbox accessories, including the newly released Kinect and Windows Phone 7. These
products are marketed for the consumer, however many other manufacturers design and sell accessories
for this product division. This division also includes computer hardware, such a keyboard and mice, PC
games and controllers, and the Zune, Microsoft’s digital portable entertainment device. The
Entertainment and Devices Division of Microsoft has accounted for over 8 million dollars in sales or 13%
of the total sales for 2010 (Hoovers).
Xbox Platform
The original Xbox gaming system, released on November 15, 2001, was a Microsoft’s first entry
into console gaming. One year later Microsoft launched Xbox Live, a paid subscription to online gaming
14
and services for Xbox system owners. By May 2009, Xbox Live had 15 million paid subscribers (“Xbox
Press”). In November 2005, Microsoft introduced its second version of the Xbox console, the Xbox 360.
This unit comes complete with wireless controllers, internal and external hard drives, and a redesigned
Xbox Live interface. Microsoft has sold over 28 million Xbox 360 consoles worldwide (“Xbox 360
Records”). Recently, Microsoft released the Kinect accessory for the Xbox 360 on November 4, 2010 and
sold 10 million within the first 10 days (“Kinect for Xbox 360”). Kinect is Microsoft’s entry into
controller free gaming and features a built-in camera that captures player movement and registers them
on-screen.
15
FINANCIAL SUMMARY
Revenue and net income both increased for Microsoft during the fiscal year 2010, which ended
June 30. Revenue increased by 7% to $62 billion and net income increased by 29% to $18 billion
(“MSFT Annual Report 2010”). The increase in revenue was mainly contributed to the release of the
Windows 7 operating system. Microsoft also saw an increase in revenue during the fiscal year 2010
through all of its five business divisions when compared to fiscal year 2009. The Windows and Windows
Live division saw the greatest increase of revenue with a 21.1% increase from 2009 (“Datamonitor”).
Microsoft’s operating cash flow passed the $8 billion mark for the first time in the company’s history and
was up from 2009 by 34%.
Microsoft has started off fiscal year 2011 much the way 2010 ended. The Windows Live Division
grew by 10%, the fourth consecutive quarter of double-digit revenue growth, mainly driven by Windows
7. Windows operating system revenue grew by 75% for the first quarter. The Server and Tools Division
and Online Services revenue grew by 12% and 8% respectively. The online advertising of the Online
Services Division grew by 13%, mainly in part to a Yahoo! partnership. The Business Division grew by
14% behind the sales of Office 2010, which are 20% more that Office 2007 over the same time period
following its release. The Entertainment & Devices Division also saw revenue growth at 27%. Microsoft
sold 2.8 million Xbox gaming consoles in the first quarter, an increase of 38% (“Microsoft First Quarter
2011”).
16
Fiscal Year 2010
Ended June 30
Entertainment and Devices
13.10%
Business
Online Services
30.60%
3.60%
Server and Tools
24.00%
Windows and Windows Live
28.70%
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
30.00%
35.00%
Chart 1 Percentage of Revenue Earned per Division
Revenue Growth
(in millions)
2009
Windows and Windows Live
2009
2010
Server and Tools
Online Services
2010
2009
2010
2009
2010
Business
2009
2010
Entertainment and Devices
2009
Entertainment and
Devices
$8,033
2010
$8,114
$18,909
$2,198
$14,878
$17,788
1.0%
0.2%
4.2%
4.2%
21.1%
Growth
Business
Online Services
Server and Tools
$18,871
$2,106
$14,253
Windows and
Windows Live
$14,035
Chart 2 Fiscal Year Comparison
17
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
CONCLUSIONS
Microsoft Corporation is the one the most recognized brands in the software industry.
The company has aligned itself with other notable names in the industry including Facebook, Intel, Dell,
and HP. Microsoft posted higher revenue growth, 22.4%, in the fiscal year 2010 than industry average,
which was at 8.4%. Microsoft’s ability to management debt or, the debt-to-equity ratio, is at .13 which is
below the industry average. Among other companies in the industry, such as Red Hat and Symantec,
Microsoft’s net sales for fiscal year 2010 are three times more than its closest competitor, Oracle.
Microsoft has a 3 year compound annual growth rate (CARG) of 6.92% for revenue and 10.08% for net
income.
Although Microsoft has enjoyed financial success in all of its business division, the company
lacks market share for their search engine Bing. As of June 2010, Microsoft had 12.7% of the market
share for search engines. Competitors, Google and Yahoo! have the majority of the market share, with
Google at 62.6% and Yahoo! at 18.9% (“comScore”). However, Microsoft has developed an alliance with
Yahoo! to increase its online search engine presence and online paid advertising. Microsoft’s ability to
align itself with large businesses and enterprises, offer a diverse group of products and services, maintain
and create large market share for new and established products, continued innovation, and conduct new
research and development, has made Microsoft one of the most powerful and financially stable companies
in the world.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Cloud computing is going to be the next big technology boom. Microsoft is and should continue
its push to be the forerunner in this exciting new platform. Cloud computing consists of businesses and
enterprises storing company data on servers within a data center offsite that are managed and maintained
by an outside company. Microsoft currently offers Windows Azure and SQL Server Azure as cloud
computing solutions. Since its release in mid 2009, Windows Azure subscriptions have grown 40% in
18
each consecutive quarter. Application migration and security are major concerns that businesses have
when discussing cloud computing. Microsoft must ensure that existing applications will work with
Windows Azure, that support will be provided, and new technologies will be added to support newly
developed applications. I feel that Microsoft has embraced cloud computing and that future investors in
the company will benefit from Microsoft’s current position in this market and its future market share as
cloud computing becomes more widely used by businesses to store data.
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