Prenatal Development and the Newborn
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___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ PSYCHOLOGY ___________________________________ (8th Edition, in Modules) David Myers ___________________________________ PowerPoint Slides Aneeq Ahmad Henderson State University Worth Publishers, © 2007 ___________________________________ ___________________________________ 1 ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Prenatal Development and the Newborn ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Module 8 ___________________________________ 2 ___________________________________ Prenatal Development and the Newborn ___________________________________ Prenatal Development and the Newborn ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Conception Prenatal Development ___________________________________ The Competent Newborn ___________________________________ ___________________________________ 3 Psychology 8 ed., David Myers Module 1 PowerPoint Slides, Aneeq Ahmad 1 OBJECTIVE 8‐1| State the three areas of Developmental Psychology Issue change that developmental psychologists study, and identify the three major issues in Details developmental psychology. How do genetic inheritance (our nature) and experience (the nurture we receive) influence our behavior? Is development a gradual, continuous process or a sequence of separate stages? Do our early personality traits persist through life, or do we become different persons as we age. Nature/Nurture Continuity/Stages Stability/Change ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ 4 ___________________________________ Prenatal Development and the Newborn ___________________________________ How, over time, did we come to be who we are? From zygote to birth, development progresses in an orderly, though fragile, sequence. ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ 5 OBJECTIVE 8‐2| Describe the union of sperm Conception and egg at conception. ___________________________________ A single sperm cell (male) penetrates the outer coating of the egg (female) and fuse to form one fertilized cell. ___________________________________ Lennart Nilsson/ Albert Bonniers Publishing Company Lennart Nilsson/ Albert Bonniers Publishing Company ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ 6 Psychology 8 ed., David Myers Module 1 PowerPoint Slides, Aneeq Ahmad 2 OBJECTIVE 8‐3| Define zygote, embryo and Prenatal Development fetus, and explain how teratogens can affect development. A zygote is a fertilized cell with 100 cells, which become increasingly diverse. At about 14 days the zygote turns into an embryo (a and b). ___________________________________ Biophoto Associates/ Photo Researchers, Inc. Lennart Nilsson/ Albert Bonniers Publishing Company ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ 7 ___________________________________ Prenatal Development ___________________________________ At 9 weeks an embryo turns into a fetus (c and d). Teratogens are chemicals or viruses that can enter the placenta and harm the developing fetus. ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Lennart Nilsson/ Albert Bonniers Publishing Company Lennart Nilsson/ Albert Bonniers Publishing Company ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ 8 OBJECTIVE 8‐4| Describe some of the abilities The Competent Newborn of the newborn, and explain how researchers use habituation to assess infant sensory and Infants are born with reflexes that aid survival, including the rooting reflex that helps them locate food. cognitive abilities. ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ 9 Psychology 8 ed., David Myers Module 1 PowerPoint Slides, Aneeq Ahmad 3 ___________________________________ The Competent Newborn ___________________________________ Offspring cries are important signals for parents to provide nourishment. In animals and in humans such cries are quickly attended to and relieved. ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Lightscapes, Inc. Corbis Carl and Ann Purcell/ Corbis ___________________________________ ___________________________________ 10 ___________________________________ Cognitive Development in the Newborn ___________________________________ Investigators study infants getting habituated to objects over some duration of time. New objects are paid more attention than habituated ones, showing learning. ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ 11 Psychology 8 ed., David Myers Module 1 PowerPoint Slides, Aneeq Ahmad 4
