Overheads
to
The Basics of Biblical Greek
By
Dr. William D. Mounce
© 1993-1999 All Rights Reserved
Preface
Included is what I hope will become a growing body of visual teaching aids. So much of our educational theory is designed for auditory learners, not visual learners. Hopefully these overheads
will help all students.
We are starting with very basic overheads. If you have some ideas that you would like me to do
and include in this packets in future years (with due credit given to you), please send your samples to Bill Mounce, Teknia, PO Box 337, Wenham, MA 01984, or email me at lbbg@teknia.com.
Teachers using The Basics of Biblical Greek may copy these overheads, both for overheads and student handouts, provided that the copies are distributed at cost.
First printing . . . . . . . Fall, 1993
Second printing . . . . . . Fall, 1999
page 2
Chapter 3
page 1
Chapter 3
Alphabet (#3.3.2)
a
z
l
p
u
b
h
m
r
f
g
q
n
s
c
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
d
i
x
"
y
Chapter 3
page 2
Vowels (#3.4)
w
u
i
a
o
e
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
h
Chapter 3
page 3
Breathings (#3.4-5)
1. ajpovstolo"
2. uJpevr
3. rJuvomai
4. aijtevw
5. Aijtevw
6. ∆Ihsou'"
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 3
page 4
Diphthong (#3.5)
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 4
page 1
Chapter 4
Accents (#4.2)
Acute:
uJpevr
Grave:
uJpe;r
Circumßex: pneu'ma
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 4
page 2
Co-Elision (#4.2)
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 4
page 3
Vocabulary
5,437 different words
138,162 total occurrences
79.92 % of all occurrences
Words occurring 50 times and more account
for 110,425 of the total word occurrences, or
almost 80%.
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 4
page 4
Nominative and Genitive Paradigm
2
masc
1
fem
2
neut
nom sg
lovgo"
e[rgon
acc sg
lovgon
grafhv
w{ra
grafhvn
w{ran
nom pl
lovgoi
e[rga
acc pl
lovgou"
grafaiv
w|rai
grafav"
w{ra"
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
e[rgon
e[rga
Chapter 5
page 1
Chapter 5
Terminology (#5.3-5)
Case:
Nominative (subject)
Accusative (direct object)
Number:
Singular
Plural
Gender:
Masculine
Feminine
Neuter
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 6
page 1
Chapter 6
Nominative and Accusative (#6.3)
ÒThe apostle sends the apostle.Ó
oJ ajpovstolo" pevmpei to;n ajpovstolon.
"
n
nominative
accusative
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
subject
direct object
Chapter 6
page 2
From Case to Function to Meaning
1. Case
2. Function
3. Meaning
nominative
subject
predicate
nominative
your translation
Instead of thinking about word order, you should Þrst look at the wordÕs case, from
the case determine the wordÕs function, and from the function determine the wordÕs
meaning. Do not try to determine function on the basis of word order.
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 6
page 3
Parsing Made Simple
Step #1: Case ending
Step #2: Declension
Step #3: Gender
Step #4: Parsing
i
n
1st
1st
2nd
masc
neut
nom sing fem
nom plural fem
acc sing fem
acc sing masc
nom/acc sing
The goal is to move from the case ending to the parsing. There are several scenarios. Sometimes you
can see the case ending and know automatically what it must be (e.g., no ending). In this case you can
skip steps #2 nd #3. Other times you have to see the declension. For example, iota can be found several
places, but if it is a Þrst declension noun then it must be nom plural fem. A third scenario requires you
to move through the declension all the way to gender, as in the ending nu.
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 6
page 4
Paradigm (#6.13,15)
nom sg
acc sg
nom pl
acc pl
2
masc
1
fem
2
neut
"
n
n
n
n
i
u"
i
"
a
a
2
masc
1
fem
2
neut
lovgo"
grafhv
e[rgon
acc sg
lovgon
w{ra
grafhvn e[rgon
w{ran
nom pl
lovgoi
nom sg
acc pl
grafaiv e[rga
w|rai
lovgou" grafav" e[rga
w{ra"
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 6
page 5
Alternate Paradigm (#6.13,15)
nom sg
acc sg
nom pl
acc pl
2
masc
1
fem
2
neut
o"
on
h
hn
on
on
oi
ou"
ai
a"
a
a
2
masc
1
fem
2
neut
lovgo"
grafhv
e[rgon
acc sg
lovgon
w{ra
grafhvn e[rgon
w{ran
nom pl
lovgoi
nom sg
acc pl
grafaiv e[rga
w|rai
lovgou" grafav" e[rga
w{ra"
For teachers preferring to show the Þnal stem vowel with the case ending, we have included several alternate paradigms.
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 6
page 6
Nouns Rules 1-3 (#6.20)
a/h à 1st declension
neuter nom = neuter acc
neuter nom/acc plural = a
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 6
page 7
Noun Rule #2
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 6
page 8
The Fog
The only way is through!
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 6
page 9
Nominative and Accusative
2
1
2
masc
fem
neut
"
n
n
n
n
acc pl
i
u"
i
"
a
a
nom sg
oJ lovgo"
hJ grafhv
hJ w{ra
to; e[rgon
acc sg
to;n lovgon
th;n grafhvn
th;n w{ran
to; e[rgon
nom pl
oiJ logoiv
aiJ grafaiv
aiJ w|rai
ta; e[rga
acc pl
tou;" lovgou" ta;" grafav"
ta;" w{ra"
nom sg
acc sg
nom pl
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
ta; e[rga
Chapter 6
page 10
Nominative and Accusative
(alternate)
2
1
2
masc
fem
neut
o"
on
h
hn
on
on
acc pl
oi
ou"
ai
a"
a
a
nom sg
oJ lovgo"
hJ grafhv
hJ w{ra
to; e[rgon
acc sg
to;n lovgon
th;n grafhvn
th;n w{ran
to; e[rgon
nom pl
oiJ logoiv
aiJ grafaiv
aiJ w|rai
ta; e[rga
acc pl
tou;" lovgou" ta;" grafav"
ta;" w{ra"
nom sg
acc sg
nom pl
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
ta; e[rga
Chapter 7
page 1
Chapter 7
Indirect vs. Direct Object (#7.2)
Karin threw Brad a ball.
Karin threw Brad .
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 7
page 2
Case Endings
(First and Second Declension)
2
1
2
masc
fem
neut
nom sg
"
-
n
gen sg
u
"
u
dat sg
i
i
i
acc sg
n
n
n
nom pl
i
i
a
gen pl
wn
wn
wn
dat pl
i"
i"
i"
acc pl
u"
"
a
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 7
page 3
Case Endings (#7.6)
(First and Second Declension)
(alternate)
2
1
2
masc
fem
neut
nom sg
o"
h
on
gen sg
ou
h"
ou
dat sg
w/
h/
w/
acc sg
on
hn
on
nom pl
oi
ai
a
gen pl
wn
wn
wn
dat pl
oi"
ai"
oi"
acc pl
ou"
a"
a
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 7
page 4
DeÞnite Article (#7.7)
2
1
2
masc
fem
neut
nom sg
oJ
hJ
tov
gen sg
tou'
th'"
tou'
dat sg
tw/'
th/'
tw/'
acc sg
tovn
thvn
tov
nom pl
oiJ
aiJ
tav
gen pl
tw'n
tw'n
tw'n
dat pl
toi'"
tai'"
toi'"
acc pl
touv"
tav"
tav
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 7
page 5
Full Paradigm (#7.8)
2
1
2
masc
fem
neut
nom sg
oJ lovgo"
hJ grafh
hJ w{ra
to; e[rgon
gen sg
tou' lovgou
th'" grafh'"
th'" w{ra"
tou' e[rgou
dat sg
tw'/ lovgw/
th'/ grafh'/
th'/ w{ra/
tw'/ e[rgw/
acc sg
to;n lovgon
th;n grafhvn
th;n w{ran
to; e[rgon
nom pl
oiJ lovgoi
tw'n lovgwn
toi'" lovgoi"
tou;" lovgou"
aiJ grafaiv
tw'n grafw'n
tai'" grafai'"
ta;" grafav"
ta; e[rga
tw'n e[rgwn
toi'" e[rgoi"
ta; e[rga
gen pl
dat pl
acc pl
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 7
page 6
Noun Rules 4-6 (#7.10)
Dative singular?
Iota subscripts (if possible)
Ablaut
Genitive & Dative?
Masculine = neuter
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 7
page 7
Noun Rule #6 (#7.10)
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 8
page 1
Chapter 8
A Preposition and its Object (#8.2)
Preposition
Object
The object follows its preposition.
The object governs the meaning of the preposition.
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 8
page 2
Movable Nu (#8.10)
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 8
page 3
Dependent Clauses (#8.11)
Subject
Main Verb
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 8
page 4
Prepositions
prov"
ajpov
diav
uJpov
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
ejk
paravv
eij"
ejn
Chapter 9
page 1
Chapter 9
Functions of an Adjective (#9.1)
ÒGoodÓ
Adjectivally
Substantivally
(regular adjective)
(noun)
ÒHe is a good boy.Ó
ÒThe good, the
bad, and the ugly
are welcome
here.Ó
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 9
page 2
Types of Adjectives (#9.2)
ÒTallÓ
Attributive
Predicate
(gives an attribute)
(predicates)
ÒThe tall girl plays
basketball.Ó
ÒThe girl is tall.Ó
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 9
page 3
Adjectival Use of the Adjective (#9.11-13)
Attributive: immediately preceded by the
article.
oJ ajgaqo;" a[nqrwpo"
oJ ajgaqo;" oJ a[nqrwpo"
ÒThe good man.Ó
ÒThe good man.Ó
Predicate: not preceded by the article.
oJ a[nqrwpo" ajgaqov"
ajgaqo;" oJ a[nqrwpo"
ÒThe man is good.Ó
ÒThe man is good.Ó
No article: see context
ajgaqo;" a[nqrwpo"
ajgaqo;" a[nqrwpo"
ÒGood man.Ó
ÒMan is good.Ó
ÒGood man.Ó
ÒMan is good.Ó
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 9
page 4
Adjective (#9.6)
2
1
2
masc
fem
neut
nom sg
ajgaqov"
ajgaqhv
ajgaqovn
gen sg
ajgaqou'
ajgaqh'"
ajgaqou'
dat sg
ajgaqw/'
ajgaqh/'
ajgaqw/'
acc sg
ajgaqovn
ajgaqhvn
ajgaqovn
nom pl
ajgaqoiv
ajgaqaiv
ajgaqav
gen pl
ajgaqw'n
ajgaqw'n
ajgaqw'n
dat pl
ajgaqoi'"
ajgaqai'"
ajgaqoi'"
acc pl
ajgaqouv"
ajgaqav"
ajgaqav
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 9
page 5
Adjective Positions (#9.11-13)
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 10
page 1
Chapter 10
A Walk Through (#10.7)
nom sg
sark + "
≥
savrx
gen sg
sark + o"
≥
sarkov"
dat sg
sark + i
≥
sarki√
acc sg
sark + a
≥
savrka
nom pl
sark + e"
≥
savrke"
gen pl
sark + wn
≥
sarkw'n
dat pl
sark + si(n) ≥
sarxi√(n)
acc pl
sark + a"
savrka"
≥
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 10
page 2
Master Case Ending Chart (#10.10)
1st/2nd declension
masc
fem
3rd declension
neut
masc/
fem
neut
n
"
o"
nom sg
"
-
gen sg
u
"
u
o"
dat sg
i
i
i
i
i
-
acc sg
n
n
n
a/n
nom pl
i
i
a
e"
a
gen pl
wn
wn
wn
wn
wn
dat pl
i"
i"
i"
si(n)
si(n)
acc pl
u"
"
a
a"
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
a
Chapter 10
page 3
Rule 7: Square of Stops (#10.13, 16)
Labial
Velar
Dental
p
k
t
Labial +
Velar
+
Dental +
b
g
d
s ≥ y
s ≥ x
s ≥ s
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
f
c
q
Chapter 10
page 4
Rule 8 (#10.18)
A tau cannot stand at the end of
a word and will drop off.
o[noma t
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 10
page 5
Please!
No More Quizzes!
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 11
page 1
Chapter 11
First and Second Person
Personal Pronouns (#11.6)
Þrst
second
translation
nom sg
ejgwv
suv
I
you
gen sg
mou
sou
my
your
dat sg
moi
soi
to me
to you
acc sg
me
se
me
you
nom pl
hJmeiæ" uJmeiæ"
we
you
gen pl
hJmw'n uJmw'n
our
your
dat pl
hJmiæn
uJmiæn
us
you
acc pl
hJma'"
uJma'"
us
you
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 12
page 1
Chapter 12
Third Person Personal Pronoun (#12.3)
2
1
2
masc
fem
neut
nom sg
aujtov"
aujthv
aujtov
he
she
it
gen sg
aujtou'
aujth'"
aujtou'
his
her
its
dat sg
aujtw/'
aujth/'
aujtw/'
to him to her to it
acc sg
aujtovn
aujthvn
aujtov
him
nom pl
aujtoiv
aujtaiv
aujtav
gen pl
aujtw'n aujtw'n aujtw'n
their
dat pl
aujtoi'" aujtai'" aujtoi'"
to them
acc pl
aujtouv" aujtav"
them
aujtav
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
translation
her
it
they
Chapter 12
page 2
Three Uses of aujtov" (#12.12)
use
comment
translation
Òhe, she , itÓ
1.
Pronoun
Non-intensive.
2.
Adj. intensive
Usually predicate position. Òhim/her/itselfÓ
Normally in the nominative.
3.
Identical adj.
Usually attributive position.
ÒsameÓ
1. aujto;" levgei ...
2. to;n ∆Ihsou'n aujtovn
∆Ihsou'" aujtov" ....
3. oJ aujto;" ∆Ihsou'" ...
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 13
page 1
Chapter 13
ou|to" (#13.4)
masc
fem
neut
nom sg
ou|to"
au{th
tou'to
gen sg
touvtou
tauvth"
touvtou
dat sg
touvtw/
tauvth/
touvtw/
acc sg
tou'ton
tauvthn
tou'to
nom pl
ou|toi
au|tai
tau'ta
gen pl
touvtwn
touvtwn
touvtwn
dat pl
touvtoi"
tauvtai"
touvtoi"
acc pl
touvtou"
tauvta"
tau'ta
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 13
page 2
ek
j einæ o" (#13.5)
masc
fem
neut
nom sg
ejkeiæno"
ejkei√nh
ejkeiæno
gen sg
ejkei√nou
ejkei√nh"
ejkei√nou
dat sg
ejkei√nw/
ejkei√nh/
ejkei√nw/
acc sg
ejkeiænon
ejkei√nhn
ejkeiæno
nom pl
ejkeiænoi
ejkeiænai
ejkeiæna
gen pl
ejkei√nwn
ejkei√nwn
ejkei√nwn
dat pl
ejkei√noi"
ejkei√nai"
ejkei√noi"
acc pl
ejkei√nou" ejkei√na"
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
ejkeiæna
Chapter 14
page 1
Chapter 14
Relative Pronoun (#14.7)
2
1
2
masc
fem
neut
translation
nom sg
o{"
h{
o{
who/which/that
gen sg
ou|
h|"
ou|
of whom/which
dat sg
w/|
h/|
w/|
to whom/which
acc sg
o{n
h{n
o{
whom/which/that
nom pl
oi{
ai{
a{
who/which/that
gen pl
w|n
w|n
w|n
of whom/which
dat pl
oi|"
ai|"
oi|"
to whom/which
acc pl
ou{"
a{"
a{
whom/which/that
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 15
page 1
Chapter 15
Agreement (#15.3) Subject and verb must
ÒagreeÓ in person and
number.
Person (#15.4)
First:
ÒIÓ, ÒWeÓ
Second: ÒYouÓ
Third:
Number (#15.5)
ÒHe/She/It, They
Singular
Plural
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 15
Aspect (#15.6-7)
page 2
Continuous
UndeÞned
Perfect
UndeÞned vs. Punctiliar
Tense (#15.11)
Present
Future
Past
Time (#15.11)
Voice (#15.12)
Active
Middle
Passive
Mood (#15.13)
Indicative
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 15
page 3
Parts of the Verb (#15.16-18)
luv o men
Stem
(#15.16)
Connecting vowel (#15.17)
Personal ending (#15.18)
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 16
page 1
Chapter 16
Present Active Indicative (#16.3,10)
Present Tense Stem +
Connecting Vowel +
Primary Active Personal Endings
lu + o + men ≥ luvomen
1 sg
2 sg
3 sg
1 pl
2 pl
3 pl
form
translation
c.v.
p.e.
luv w
luv ei"
luv ei
I am loosing
o
e
e
"
i
luv omen
luv ete
luv ousi(n)
We are loosing
o
e
o
men
te
nsi
You are loosing
He/she/it is loosing
You are loosing
They are loosing
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 16
page 2
First of Four Endings (#16.12)
luvw
(-)
luvei"
(")
luvei
(i)
luvomen
(men)
luvete
(te)
luvousi(n)
(nsi)
secondary tenses
middle/passive voice
active voice
primary tenses
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 16
page 3
Master Verb Chart
Tense
Present act
Aug/ Tense
Redup stem
pres
Tense Conn. Personal
form. vowel endings
o/e
prim act
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
1st sing
paradigm
luvw
Chapter 16
page 4
Do You Feel Like You Are Sinking?
DANGER!
Greek Quicksand
Hang In There!
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 17
page 1
Chapter 17
Five Rules of Contraction (#17.4)
1. ou is formed by eo, oe, and oo.
2. ei is formed by ee.
3. w is formed from almost any
combination of omicron or
omega with any other vowel,
except for rule #1.
4. a is formed from ae
5. h is formed from ea.
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 17
page 2
Alternate Rules of Contraction (#17.8)
1.
Two like vowels form their common long
vowel.
2.
Exception: When e and e contract they
form ei, and when o and o contract they
form ou.
3.
An o or w will overcome an a, e, or h
regardless of their order, and form w.
4.
Exception: When an e and o contract
they form ou, regardless of their order.
5.
If an a comes before an e or an h, they
will contract to an a.
If an e or an h comes before an a, they
will contract to an h.
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 17
page 3
Contractions (#17.10-11)
a
e
h
i
u
o
w
a
a
a
a
ai au w w
e
h
ei h
ei eu ou w
o
w
ou w
oi ou ou w
ai/a
a/ ei ei h/ oi ou w/
a a/
a/ a a/ w/ w
e
h/
ei ei h/
o
w/
oi ou oi oi ou w
w/
oi ou w/
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 18
page 1
Chapter 18
Present Passive Indicative (#18.4)
Present Tense Stem +
Connecting Vowel +
Primary Passive Personal Endings
lu + o + mai ≥ luvomai
1 sg
2 sg
3 sg
1 pl
2 pl
3 pl
form
translation
c.v.
p.e.
luv o mai
luv h/
luv e tai
I am being loosed
o
e
e
mai
sai
tai
lu ov meqa
luv e sqe
luv o ntai
We are being loosed
o
e
o
meqa
sqe
ntai
You are being loosed
He/she/it is being loosed
You are being loosed
They are being loosed
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 18
page 2
Second of Four Endings (#18.6)
middle/passive voice
active voice
primary tenses
luvw
(-)
luvei"
(")
luvei
(i)
luvomen
(men)
luvete
(te)
luvousi(n)
(nsi)
luvomai
(mai)
luvh/
(sai)
luvetai
(tai)
luovmeqa
(meqa)
luvesqe
(sqe)
luvontai
(ntai)
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
secondary tenses
Chapter 18
page 3
Present Middle Indicative (#18.10-11)
Present Tense Stem +
Connecting Vowel +
Primary Passive Personal Endings
erc + o + mai ≥ e[rcomai
1 sg
2 sg
3 sg
1 pl
2 pl
3 pl
form
deÞnition
c.v.
p.e.
e[rc o mai
e[rc h/
e[rc e tai
I come
o
e
e
mai
sai
tai
ejrc ov meqa
e[rc e sqe
e[rc o ntai
We come
o
e
o
meqa
sqe
ntai
You come
He/she/it come
You come
They come
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 18
page 4
Master Verb Chart
Tense
Aug/ Tense
Redup stem
Tense Conn. Personal
form. vowel endings
1st sing
paradigm
Present act
pres
o/e
prim act
luvw
Present mid/pas
pres
o/e
prim mid/pas
luvomai
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 19
page 1
Chapter 19
Future Active Indicative (#19.4,9)
Future Active Tense Stem +
Tense Formative (s) + Connecting Vowel +
Primary Active Personal Endings
lu + s + o + men ≥ luvsomen
1 sg
2 sg
3 sg
1 pl
2 pl
3 pl
form
deÞnition
c.v.
p.e.
luv s w
luv s ei"
luv s ei
I will loose
o
e
e
"
i
luv s omen
luv s ete
luv o usi(n)
We will loose
o
e
o
men
te
nsi
You will loose
He/she/it will loose
You will loose
They will loose
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 19
page 2
Future Middle Indicative (#19.14,15)
Future Active Tense Stem +
Tense Formative (s) + Connecting Vowel +
Primary Passive Personal Endings
poreu + s + o + mai ≥ poreuvsomai
1 sg
2 sg
3 sg
1 pl
2 pl
3 pl
form
translation
c.v.
p.e.
poreuv s o mai
poreuv s h/
poreuv s e tai
I will go
o
e
e
mai
sai
tai
poreu s ov meqa
poreuv s e sqe
poreuv s o ntai
We will go
o
e
o
meqa
sqe
ntai
You will go
He/she/it will go
You will go
They will go
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 19
page 3
Master Verb Chart
Tense
Aug/ Tense
Redup stem
Tense Conn. Personal
form. vowel endings
1st sing
paradigm
Present act
pres
o/e
prim act
luvw
Present mid/pas
pres
o/e
prim mid/pas
luvomai
Future act
fut act s
o/e
prim act
luvsw
Future mid
fut act s
o/e
prim mid/pas
ejleuvsomai
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 20
page 1
Chapter 20
Verbal Root and Stem (#20.2-3)
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Perfect stem
Aorist stem
Imperfect stem
Future stem
Present stem
Verbal Root
Chapter 20
page 2
Liquid Future Active (#20.16-17)
Future Active Tense Stem +
Tense Formative (es) + Connecting Vowel +
Primary Active Personal Endings
krin + es + o + men ≥ krinou'men
1 sg
2 sg
3 sg
1 pl
2 pl
3 pl
form
translation
krinw'
krineiæ"
krineiæ
I will judge
krinou'men
krineiæte
krinou'si(n)
We will judge
You will judge
He/she/it will judge
You will judge
They will judge
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
eso ese "
ese i
eso men
ese te
eso nsi
Chapter 20
page 3
Liquid Future Middle (#20.18-19)
Future Active Tense Stem +
Tense Formative (es) + Connecting Vowel +
Primary Passive Personal Endings
krin + es + o + meqa ≥ krinouvmeqa
1 sg
2 sg
3 sg
1 pl
2 pl
3 pl
form
translation
krinou'mai
krinh'/
krineiætai
I will judge
krinouvmeqa
krineiæsqe
krinou'ntai
We will judge
You will judge
He/she/it will judge
You will judge
They will judge
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
eso mai
ese sai
ese tai
eso meqa
ese sqe
eso ntai
Chapter 20
page 4
Master Verb Chart
Tense
Aug/ Tense
Redup stem
Tense Conn. Personal
form. vowel endings
1st sing
paradigm
Present act
pres
o/e
prim act
luvw
Present mid/pas
pres
o/e
prim mid/pas
luvomai
Future act
fut act s
o/e
prim act
luvsw
Liquid fut act
fut act es
o/e
prim act
krinw'
Future mid
fut act s
o/e
prim mid/pas
ejleuvsomai
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 21
page 1
Chapter 21
Imperfect Active (#21.6-7)
Augment + Present Active Tense Stem +
Connecting Vowel +
Secondary Active Personal Endings
ej + lu + o + men ≥ ejluvomen
1 sg
2 sg
3 sg
1 pl
2 pl
3 pl
form
translation
c.v.
p.e.
e[ lu o n
e[ lu e "
e[ lu e(n)
I was loosing
o
e
e
n
"
-(n)
o
e
o
men
te
n
You were loosing
He/she/it was loosing
ej luv o men We were loosing
ej luv e te You were loosing
e[ lu o n They were loosing
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 21
page 2
Imperfect Middle/Passive (#21.8-9)
Augment + Present Passive Tense Stem +
Connecting Vowel +
Secondary Passive Personal Endings
ej + lu + o + mhn ≥ ejluvomhn
form
translation
c.v. p.e.
I was being loosing
3 sg
ej lu ov mhn
ej luv o u
ej luv e to
He/she/it was loosing
o
e
e
1 pl
ej lu ov meqa
We were loosing
o
2 pl
ej luv e sqe
You were loosing
e
1 sg
2 sg
meqa
You were loosing
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
mhn
so
to
sqe
Chapter 21
page 3
Final Four Endings (#21.14)
middle/passive voice
active voice
primary tenses
secondary tenses
luvw
(-)
e[luon
(n)
luvei"
(")
e[lue"
(")
luvei
(i)
e[lue(n)
(-)
luvomen
(men)
ejluvomen
(men)
luvete
(te)
ejluvete
(te)
luvousi(n)
(nsi)
e[luon
(n)
luvomai
(mai)
ejluvomhn
(mhn)
luvh/
(sai)
ejluvou
(so)
luvetai
(tai)
ejluveto
(to)
luovmeqa
(meqa)
ejluovmeqa
(meqa)
luvesqe
(sqe)
ejluvesqe
(sqe)
luvontai
(ntai)
ejluvonto
(nto)
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 21
page 4
Master Verb Chart
Tense
Aug/ Tense
Redup stem
Tense Conn. Personal
form. vowel endings
1st sing
paradigm
Present act
pres
o/e
prim act
luvw
Present mid/pas
pres
o/e
prim mid/pas
luvomai
Imperfect act
e
pres
o/e
sec act
e[luon
Imperfect mid/pas
e
pres
o/e
sec mid/pas
ejluovmhn
Future act
fut act s
o/e
prim act
luvsw
Liquid fut act
fut act es
o/e
prim act
krinw'
Future mid
fut act s
o/e
prim mid/pas
ejleuvsomai
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 22
page 1
Chapter 22
Second Aorist Active (#22.4)
Augment + Aorist Active Tense Stem +
Connecting Vowel +
Secondary Active Personal Endings
ej + lab + o + men ≥ ejlavbomen
1 sg
2 sg
3 sg
1 pl
2 pl
3 pl
form
translation
c.v.
p.e.
e[ lab o n
e[ lab e "
e[ lab e(n)
I took
o
e
e
n
"
-(n)
ej lavb o men
ej lavb e te
e[ lab o n
We took
o
e
o
men
te
n
You took
He/she/it took
You took
They took
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 22
page 2
Second Aorist Middle (#22.13)
Augment + Aorist Active Tense Stem +
Connecting Vowel +
Secondary Passive Personal Endings
ej + gen + o + mhn ≥ ejgenovmhn
1 sg
2 sg
3 sg
1 pl
2 pl
3 pl
form
translation
c.v.
p.e.
ej gen ov mhn
ej gevn o u
ej gevn e to
I became
o
e
e
mhn
so
to
ej gen ov meqa
ej gevn e sqe
ej gevn o nto
We became
o
e
o
meqa
sqe
nto
You became
He/she/it became
You became
They became
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 22
page 3
Master Verb Chart
Tense
Aug/ Tense
Redup stem
Tense Conn. Personal
form. vowel endings
1st sing
paradigm
Present act
pres
o/e
prim act
luvw
Present mid/pas
pres
o/e
prim mid/pas
luvomai
Imperfect act
e
pres
o/e
sec act
e[luon
Imperfect mid/pas
e
pres
o/e
sec mid/pas
ejluovmhn
Future act
fut act s
o/e
prim act
luvsw
Liquid fut act
fut act es
o/e
prim act
krinw'
Future mid
fut act s
o/e
prim mid/pas
ejleuvsomai
2nd aorist act
e
aor act
o/e
sec act
e[labon
2nd aorist mid
e
aor act
o/e
sec mid/pas
ejgenovmhn
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 23
page 1
Chapter 23
First Aorist Active (#23.3)
Augment + Aorist Active Tense Stem +
Tense Formative (sa) +
Secondary Active Personal Endings
ej + lu + sa + men ≥ ejluvsamen
1 sg
2 sg
3 sg
1 pl
2 pl
3 pl
form
translation
t.f.
p.e.
e[ lu sa
e[ lu sa "
e[ lu se(n)
I loosed
sa
sa
se
"
-(n)
ej luv sa men
ej luv sa te
e[ lu sa n
We loosed
sa
sa
sa
men
te
n
You loosed
He/she/it loosed
You loosed
They loosed
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 23
page 2
Liquid Aorists (#23.12-13)
Augment + Aorist Active Tense Stem +
Tense Formative (a) +
Secondary Active Personal Endings
ej + mein + a + men ≥ ejmei√namen
1 sg
2 sg
3 sg
1 pl
2 pl
3 pl
form
translation
t.f.
p.e.
e[ mein a
e[ mein a "
e[ mein e (n)
I remained
a
a
e
"
-(n)
a
a
a
men
te
n
You remained
He/she/it remained
ej mei√n a men We remained
ej mei√n a te You remained
e[ mein a n They remained
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 23
page 3
First Aorist Middle (#23.15-16)
Augment + Aorist Active Tense Stem +
Tense Formative (sa) +
Secondary Passive Personal Endings
ej + lu + sa + mhn ≥ ejlusavmhn
1 sg
2 sg
3 sg
1 pl
2 pl
3 pl
form
translation
t.f.
ej lu sav mhn
ej luv s
w
ej luv sa to
I loosed
sa mhn
sa so
sa to
ej lu sav meqa
ej luv sa sqe
ej luv sa nto
We loosed
You loosed
He/she/it loosed
You loosed
They loosed
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
p.e.
sa meqa
sa sqe
sa nto
Chapter 23
page 4
Master Verb Chart
Tense
Aug/ Tense
Redup stem
Tense Conn. Personal
form. vowel endings
1st sing
paradigm
Present act
pres
o/e
prim act
luvw
Present mid/pas
pres
o/e
prim mid/pas
luvomai
Imperfect act
e
pres
o/e
sec act
e[luon
Imperfect mid/pas
e
pres
o/e
sec mid/pas
ejluovmhn
Future act
fut act s
o/e
prim act
luvsw
Liquid fut act
fut act es
o/e
prim act
krinw'
Future mid
fut act s
o/e
prim mid/pas
ejleuvsomai
1st aorist act
e
aor act sa
sec act
e[lusa
Liquid aorist act
e
aor act a
sec act
e[meina
2nd aorist act
e
aor act
sec act
e[labon
1st aorist mid
e
aor act sa
sec mid/pas
ejluvsamhn
2nd aorist mid
e
aor act
sec mid/pas
ejgenovmhn
o/e
o/e
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 24
page 1
Chapter 24
First Aorist Passive (#24.3)
Augment + Aorist Passive Tense Stem +
Tense Formative (qh) +
Secondary Active Personal Endings
ej + lu + qh + n ≥ ejluvqhn
1 sg
2 sg
3 sg
1 pl
2 pl
3 pl
form
translation
ej luv qh n
ej luv qh "
ej luv qh
I was loosed
ej luv qh men
ej luv qh te
ej lu qh san
We were loosed
t.f.
p.e.
qh n
You were loosed
qh "
He/she/it was loosed qh -
You were loosed
They were loosed
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
qh men
qh te
qh san
Chapter 24
page 2
Second Aorist Passive (#24.10)
Augment + Aorist Passive Tense Stem +
Tense Formative (h) +
Secondary Active Personal Endings
ej + graf + h + men ≥ ejgravfhmen
1 sg
2 sg
3 sg
1 pl
2 pl
3 pl
form
translation
ej gravf h n
ej gravf h "
ej gravf h
I was written
ej gravf h men
ej gravf h te
ej gravf h san
We were written
t.f.
p.e.
h mhn
You were written h
so
He/she/it was writtenh to
You were written
They were written
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
h
h
h
meqa
sqe
nto
Chapter 24
page 3
First Future Passive (#24.12)
Aorist Passive Tense Stem (without augment) +
Tense Formative (qhs) + Connecting Vowel +
Primary Passive Personal Endings
lu + qhs + o + mai ≥ luqhvsomai
form
1 sg
2 sg
3 sg
1 pl
2 pl
3 pl
translation
lu qhvs o mai
lu qhvs h/
lu qhvs e tai
I will be loosed
You will be loosed
He/she/it will be loosed
lu qhs ov meqaWe will be loosed
lu qhvs esqe You will be loosed
lu qhvs o ntai They will be loosed
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
t.f.+c.v.
p.e.
qhso mai
qhse sai
qhse tai
qhso meqa
qhse sqe
qhso ntai
Chapter 24
page 4
Second Future Passive (#24.15)
Aorist Passive Tense Stem (without augment) +
Tense Formative (hs) + Connecting Vowel +
Primary Passive Personal Endings
ajpostal + hs + o + mai ≥ ajpostalhvsomai
form
1 sg
2 sg
3 sg
1 pl
2 pl
3 pl
translation
ajpostal hvs o mai
ajpostal hvs h/
ajpostal hvs e tai
ajpostal hs ov meqa
ajpostal hvs e sqe
ajpostal hvs o ntai
I will be sent
You will be sent
He/she/it will be sent
We were written
You were written
They were written
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
p.e.
mai
sai
tai
meqa
sqe
ntai
Chapter 24
page 5
Master Verb Chart
Tense
Aug/ Tense
Redup stem
Tense Conn. Personal
form. vowel endings
1st sing
paradigm
Present act
pres
o/e
prim act
luvw
Present mid/pas
pres
o/e
prim mid/pas
luvomai
Imperfect act
e
pres
o/e
sec act
e[luon
Imperfect mid/pas
e
pres
o/e
sec mid/pas
ejluovmhn
Future act
fut act s
o/e
prim act
luvsw
Liquid fut act
fut act es
o/e
prim act
krinw'
Future mid
fut act s
o/e
prim mid/pas
ejleuvsomai
1st future pas
aor pas qhs
o/e
prim mid/pas
luqhvsomai
2nd future pas
aor pas hs
o/e
prim mid/pas
ajpostalhvsomai
1st aorist act
e
aor act sa
sec act
e[lusa
Liquid aorist act
e
aor act a
sec act
e[meina
2nd aorist act
e
aor act
sec act
e[labon
1st aorist mid
e
aor act sa
sec mid/pas
ejluvsamhn
2nd aorist mid
e
aor act
sec mid/pas
ejgenovmhn
1st aorist pas
e
aor pas qh
sec act
ejluvqhn
2nd aorist pas
e
aor pas h
sec act
ejgravfhn
o/e
o/e
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 25
page 1
Chapter 25
Perfect Active (#25.4)
Reduplication + Perfect Active Tense Stem +
Tense Formative (ka) +
Primary Active Personal Endings
l + e + lu + ka + men ≥ leluvkamen
form
1 sg
2 sg
3 sg
1 pl
2 pl
3 pl
translation
lev lu ka
lev lu ka "
lev lu ke (n)
I have loosed
You have loosed
He/she/it have loosed
le luv ka men We have loosed
le luv ka te You have loosed
le luv ka si(n) They have loosed
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
t.f.
p.e.
ka ka "
ke -(n)
ka men
ka te
ka si(n)
Chapter 25
page 2
Perfect (Middle/Passive) (#25.5)
Reduplication +
Perfect Middle/Passive Tense Stem +
Primary Passive Personal Endings
l + e + lu + mai ≥ levlumai
form
1 sg
2 sg
3 sg
1 pl
2 pl
3 pl
translation
lev lu mai
lev lu sai
lev lu tai
I have been loosed
You have been loosed
He/she/it have been loosed
le luv meqa
lev lu sqe
lev lu ntai
We have been loosed
You have been loosed
They have been loosed
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
p.e.
mai
sai
tai
meqa
sqe
ntai
Chapter 25
page 3
Reduplication of Stops (#25.6)
p b
k g
t d
f
c
q
≥
≥
≥
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
pe
ke
te
Chapter 25
page 4
Master Verb Chart (#25.19)
Tense
Aug/ Tense
Redup stem
Tense Conn. Personal
form. vowel endings
1st sing
paradigm
Present act
pres
o/e
prim act
luvw
Present mid/pas
pres
o/e
prim mid/pas
luvomai
e
pres
o/e
sec act
e[luon
Imperfect mid/pas e
pres
o/e
sec mid/pas
ejluovmhn
Future act
fut act s
o/e
prim act
luvsw
Liquid fut act
fut act es
o/e
prim act
krinw'
Future mid
fut act s
o/e
prim mid/pas
ejleuvsomai
1st future pas
aor pas qhs
o/e
prim mid/pas
luqhvsomai
2nd future pas
aor pas hs
o/e
prim mid/pas
ajpostalhvsomai
Imperfect act
1st aorist act
e
aor act sa
sec act
e[lusa
Liquid aorist act
e
aor act a
sec act
e[meina
2nd aorist act
e
aor act
sec act
e[labon
1st aorist mid
e
aor act sa
sec mid/pas
ejluvsamhn
2nd aorist mid
e
aor act
sec mid/pas
ejgenovmhn
1st aorist pas
e
aor pas qh
sec act
ejluvqhn
2nd aorist pas
e
aor pas h
sec act
ejgravfhn
1st perfect act
le
perf act ka
prim act
levluka
2nd perfect act
le
perf act a
prim act
gevgona
Perfect mid/pas
le
perf pas
prim mid/pas
levlumai
o/e
o/e
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 26
page 1
Chapter 26
Participles
Verbal Adjective
Tense: present; aorist; perfect
Voice: active; middle; passive
Verbal modifiers
Case:
nom; gen; dat; acc
Number: singular; plural
Gender: masc; fem; neut
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 26
page 2
Your Guess
luouvsh/
lusavntwn
lelukovto"
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 27
page 1
Chapter 27
Summary of Participles (#27.1,3)
Guidelines for Present Adverbial
1. Present tense verbal stem
2. Continuous action
3. Related to verb (ÒwhileÓ + ÒingÓ)
Present Tense Stem + Connecting Vowel +
Participle Morpheme + Case Endings
pisteu + o + nt + e" ≥ pisteuvonte"
act
mid/pas
masc
fem
nt
meno
ousa nt
menh meno
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
neut
Chapter 27
page 2
Present (Continuous) Active (#27.5)
Present Tense Stem + Connecting Vowel +
Active Participle Morpheme + Case Endings
lu + o + meno + " ≥ luovmeno"
3
1
3
masc
fem
neut
nom sg
luvwn
luvousa
lu'on
gen sg
luvonto"
luouvsh"
luvonto"
dat sg
luvonti
luouvsh/
luvonti
acc sg
luvonta
luvousan
lu'on
nom pl
luvonte"
luvousai
luvonta
gen pl
luovntwn
luousw'n
luovntwn
dat pl
luvousi(n)
luouvsai"
luvousi(n)
acc pl
luvonta"
luouvsa"
luvonta
act
mid/pas
masc
fem
nt
meno
ousa nt
menh meno
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
neut
Chapter 27
page 3
Present (Continuous) Mid/Pas (#27.7)
Present Tense Stem + Connecting Vowel +
Participle Morpheme + Case Endings
pisteu + o + nt + e" ≥ pisteuvonte"
2
1
2
masc
fem
neut
nom sg
luovmeno"
luomevnh
luovmenon
gen sg
luomevnou
luomevnh"
luomevnou
dat sg
luomevnw/
luomevnh/
luomevnw/
acc sg
luovmenon
luomevnhn
luovmenon
nom pl
luovmenoi
luovmenai
luovmena
gen pl
luomevnwn
luomevnwn
luomevnwn
dat pl
luomevnoi"
luomevnai"
luomevnoi"
acc pl
luomevnou"
luomevna"
luovmena
act
mid/pas
masc
fem
nt
meno
ousa nt
menh meno
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
neut
Chapter 27
page 4
Forms You Should Know
Participle Morphemes
nt
meno/h
(active)
(middle/passive)
Present active: ont, ousa
wn
onto"
ousa
oush"
on
onto"
Present middle/passive: omeno/h
omeno"
omenou
omenh
omenh"
omenon
omenou
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 28
page 1
Chapter 28
First Aorist (UndeÞned) Active (#28.7-8)
Unaugmented Aorist Active Tense Stem +
Tense Formative (sa) +
Participle Morpheme + Case Endings
lu + sa + nt + o" ≥ luvsanto"
3
1
3
masc
fem
neuter
nom sg
luvsa"
luvsasa
lu'san
gen sg
luvsanto"
lusavsh"
luvsanto"
dat sg
luvsanti
lusavsh/
luvsanti
acc sg
luvsanta
luvsasan
lu'san
nom pl
luvsante"
luvsasai
luvsanta
gen pl
lusavntwn
lusasw'n
lusavntwn
dat pl
luvsasi(n)
lusavsai"
luvsasi(n)
acc pl
luvsanta"
lusavsa"
luvsanta
masc
nom sg
gen sg
fem
sa"
sasa
santo" sash"
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
neut
san
santo"
Chapter 28
page 2
First Aorist (UndeÞned) Middle (#28.9)
Unaugmented Aorist Middle Tense Stem +
Tense Formative (sa) +
Participle Morpheme + Case Endings
lu + sa + meno + " ≥ lusavmeno"
2
1
2
masc
fem
neuter
nom sg
lusavmeno"
lusamevnh
lusavmenon
gen sg
lusamevnou
lusamevnh"
lusamevnou
dat sg
lusamevnw/
lusamevnh/
lusamevnw/
acc sg
lusavmenon
lusamevnhn
lusavmenon
nom pl
lusavmenoi
lusavmenai
lusavmena
gen pl
lusamevnwn
lusamevnwn
lusamevnwn
dat pl
lusamevnoi"
lusamevnai"
lusamevnoi"
acc pl
lusamevnou"
lusamevna"
lusavmena
nom sg
gen sg
masc
fem
sameno"
samenou
samenh samenon
samenh" samenou
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
neut
Chapter 28
page 3
First Aorist (UndeÞned) Passive (#28.10)
Unaugmented Aorist Passive Tense Stem +
Tense Formative (qh) +
Participle Morpheme + Case Endings
lu + qe + nt + o" ≥ luqevnto"
3
1
3
masc
fem
neuter
nom sg
luqei√"
luqei'sa
luqevn
gen sg
luqevnto"
luqei√sh"
luqevnto"
dat sg
luqevnti
luqei√sh/
luqevnti
acc sg
luqevnta
luqei'san
luqevn
nom pl
luqevnte"
luqei'sai
luqevnta
gen pl
luqevntwn
luqeisw'n
luqevntwn
dat pl
luqei'si(n)
luqei√sai"
luqei'si(n)
acc pl
luqevnta"
luqei√sa"
luqevnta
nom sg
gen sg
masc
fem
neut
qei"
qento"
qeisa
qeish"
qen
qento"
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 28
page 4
Second Aorist (UndeÞned) Active (#28.12)
Unaugmented Aorist Active Tense Stem +
Connecting Vowel +
Participle Morpheme + Case Endings
lip + o + nt + o" ≥ lipovnte"
3
1
3
masc
fem
neuter
nom sg
lipwvn
lipou'sa
lipovn
gen sg
lipovnto"
lipouvsh"
lipovnto"
dat sg
lipovnti
lipouvsh/
lipovnti
acc sg
lipovnta
lipou'san
lipovn
nom pl
lipovnte"
li√pou'sai
lipovnta
gen pl
lipovntwn
lipousw'n
lipovntwn
dat pl
lipou'si(n)
lipouvsai"
lipou'si(n)
acc pl
lipovntou"
lipouvsa"
lipovnta
nom sg
gen sg
masc
fem
neut
wn
onto"
ousa
oush"
on
onto"
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 28
page 5
Second Aorist (UndeÞned) Middle (#28.13)
Unaugmented Aorist Middle Tense Stem +
Connecting Vowel +
Participle Morpheme + Case Endings
lip + o + meno + " ≥ lipovmeno"
2
1
2
masc
fem
neuter
nom sg
lipovmeno"
lipomevnh
lipovmenon
gen sg
lipomevnou
lipomevnh"
lipomevnou
dat sg
lipomevnw/
lipomevnh/
lipomevnw/
acc sg
lipovmenon
lipomevnhn
lipovmenon
nom pl
lipovmenoi
lipovmenai
lipovmena
gen pl
lipomevnwn
lipomevnwn
lipomevnwn
dat pl
lipomevnoi"
lipomevnoi"
lipomevnai"
masc
nom sg
gen sg
fem
omeno" omenh
omenou omenh"
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
neut
omenon
omenou
Chapter 28
page 6
Second Aorist (UndeÞned) Passive (#28.13)
Unaugmented Aorist Passive Tense Stem +
Connecting Vowel +
Participle Morpheme + Case Endings
graf + e + nt + e" ≥ grafevnte"
3
1
3
masc
fem
neuter
nom sg
grafei√"
grafei'sa
grafevn
gen sg
grafevnto"
grafei√sh"
grafevnto"
dat sg
grafevnti
grafei√sh/
grafevnti
acc sg
grafevnta
grafei'san
grafevn
nom pl
grafevnte"
grafei'sai
grafevnta
gen pl
grafevntwn
grafeisw'n
grafevntwn
dat pl
grafei'si(n)
grafei√sai"
grafei'si(n)
acc pl
grafevnta"
grafei√sa"
grafevnta
nom sg
gen sg
masc
fem
neut
ei"
ento"
eisa
eish"
en
ento"
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 28
page 7
Forms You Should Know
Participle Morphemes
nt
meno/h
(active)
(middle/passive)
Present active: ont, ousa
wn
onto"
ousa
oush"
on
onto"
Present middle/passive: omeno/h
omeno"
omenou
omenh
omenh"
omenon
omenou
First aorist active: sant, sasa
sa"
santo"
sasa
sash"
san
santo"
First aorist middle: sameno/h
sameno"
samenou
samenh
samenh"
samenon
samenou
First aorist passive: qent, qeisa
qei"
qento"
qeisa
qeish"
qen
qento"
Second aorist active: ont, ousa
wn
onto"
ousa
oush"
on
onto"
Second aorist middle: omeno/h
omeno"
omenou
omenh
omenh"
omenon
omenou
Second aorist passive: eisa, ent
ei"
ento"
eisa
eish"
en
ento"
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 30
page 1
Chapter 30
Perfect Active (#30.3)
Reduplication + Perfect Tense Stem +
Tense Formative (k) +
Participle Morpheme + Case Endings
le + lu + k + ot + e" ≥ lelukovte"
3
1
3
masc
fem
neuter
nom sg
lelukwv"
lelukui'a
lelukov"
gen sg
lelukovto"
lelukuiva"
lelukovto"
dat sg
lelukovti
lelukuiva/
lelukovti
acc sg
lelukovta
lelukui'an
lelukov"
nom pl
lelukovte"
lelukui'ai
lelukovta
gen pl
lelukovtwn
lelukuiw'n
lelukovtwn
dat pl
lelukovsi(n)
lelukuivai"
lelukovsi(n)
acc pl
lelukovta"
lelukuiva"
lelukovta
nom sg
gen sg
masc
fem
neut
kw"
koto"
kuia
kuia"
ko"
koto"
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 30
page 2
Perfect Middle/Passive (#30.4)
Reduplication + Perfect Tense Stem +
Participle Morpheme + Case Endings
le + lu + meno + " ≥ lelumevno"
3
1
3
masc
fem
neuter
nom sg
lelumevno"
lelumevnh
lelumevnon
gen sg
lelumevnou
lelumevnh"
lelumevnou
dat sg
lelumevnw/
lelumevnh/
lelumevnw/
acc sg
lelumevnon
lelumevnhn
lelumevnon
nom pl
lelumevnoi
lelumevnai
lelumevna
gen pl
lelumevnwn
lelumevnwn
lelumevnwn
dat pl
lelumevnoi"
lelumevnai"
lelumevnoi"
acc pl
lelumevnou"
lelumevna"
lelumevna
nom sg
gen sg
masc
fem
neut
meno"
menou
menh
menh"
menon
menou
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 30
page 3
Forms You Should Know
Participle Morphemes
nt
meno/h
ot
(active)
(middle/passive)
(perfect active)
Present active: ont, ousa
wn
onto"
ousa
oush"
on
onto"
Present middle/passive: omeno/h
omeno"
omenou
omenh
omenh"
omenon
omenou
First aorist active: sant, sasa
sa"
santo"
sasa
sash"
san
santo"
First aorist middle: sameno/h
sameno"
samenou
samenh
samenh"
samenon
samenou
First aorist passive: qent, qeisa
qei"
qento"
qeisa
qeish"
qen
qento"
Second aorist active: ont, ousa
wn
onto"
ousa
oush"
on
onto"
Second aorist middle: omeno/h
omeno"
omenou
omenh
omenh"
omenon
omenou
Second aorist passive: eisa, ent
ei"
ento"
eisa
eish"
en
ento"
First perfect active: kot, kuia
kw"
koto"
kuia
kuia"
ko"
koto"
First perfect middle/passive: meno/h
meno"
menou
menh
menh"
menon
menou
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 32
page 1
Chapter 32
InÞnitive (#32.4)
present
active
middle
passive
1st aorist
ein
sai
esqai sasqai
esqai qhnai
2nd aorist
perfect
ein
esqai
hnai
nai
sqai
sqai
present
1st aorist
2nd aorist
perfect
active
luvein
lu'sai
lipei'n
lelukevnai
middle
luvesqai
luvsasqai lipevsqai
leluvsqai
passive
luvesqai
luqh'nai
leluvsqai
grafh'nai
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 32
page 2
Uses of the InÞnitive (#32.9-13)
1. Substantive
2. Complementary inÞnitive
3. Articular inÞntive with preposition
a. diav
b. eij"
c. ejn
d. metav
e. prov
f. prov"
because
in order that
when/while
after
before
in order that
4. Purpose
a. articular inÞnitive with eij" or prov"
b. articular inÞnitive with article in the genitive
c. inÞnitive
5. Result
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 33
page 1
Chapter 33
Imperative (#33.6)
2 sg
3 sg
2 pl
3 pl
active and aorist passive
middle/passive
tw
te
twsan
n
sqw
sqe
sqwsan
present
Þrst aorist
translation
active
2 sg
3 sg
lu'e
luevtw
lu'son
lusavtw
(You) Loose!
Let him loose!
2 pl
3 pl
luvete
luevtwsan
luvsate
lusavtwsan
(You) loose!
Let them loose!
middle
2 sg
3 sg
luvou
luevsqw
lu'sai
lusavsqw
(You) loose for yourself!
Let him loose for himself!
2 pl
3 pl
luvesqe
luevsqwsan
luvsasqe
lusavsqwsan
(You) loose!
Let them loose!
passive
2 sg
3 sg
luvou
luevsqw
luvqhti
luqhvtw
(You) be loosed!
Let him be loosed!
2 pl
3 pl
luvesqe
luevsqwsan
luvqhte
luqhvtwsan
(You) be loosed!
Let them be loosed!
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 34
page 1
Chapter 34
Rule #1 (#34.6)
Rule One: mi verbs reduplicate
their initial stem letter to form the
present, and separate the
reduplicated consonant with an
iota.
dw
ddw
did w
didw
i
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 34
page 2
Rule #2 (#34.7)
Rule Two: mi verbs do not
ordinarily use a connecting (i.e.,
ÒthematicÓ) vowel in the
indicative. The personal ending is
added directly to the stem.
di + *do + men
≥ di√dwmen
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 34
page 3
Rule #3 (#34.8)
Rule 3: mi verbs employ three
different personal endings in the
present active.
mi verbs
thematic conjugation
1 sg
di√dwmi
mi
luvw
-
2 sg
di√dw"
"
luvei"
"
3 sg
di√dwsi(n)
si
luvei
i
1 pl
di√domen
men
luvomen
men
2 pl
di√dote
te
luvete
te
3 pl
didovasi(n)
asi
luvousi(n)
nsi
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 34
page 4
Rule #4 (#34.9)
Rule Four: the stem vowel of mi
verbs can lengthen, shorten, or
drop out (ablaut).
di√dwmi
di√domen
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 34
page 5
Rule #5 (#34.10)
Rule Five: Most of the mi verbs
use ka as their tense formative in
the aorist.
mi verbs
thematic conjugation
1 sg
e[dwka
e[lusa
2 sg
e[dwka"
e[lusa"
3 sg
e[dwke(n)
e[luse(n)
1 pl
ejdwvkamen
ejluvsamen
2 pl
ejdwvkate
ejluvsate
3 pl
e[dwkan
e[lusan
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 34
page 6
did√ wmi in the Indicative (#34.11)
present
imperfect
future
aorist
perfect
1 sg
di√dwmi
ejdi√doun
dwvsw
e[dwka
devdwka
2 sg
di√dw"
ejdi√dou"
dwvsei"
e[dwka"
devdwka"
3 sg
di√dwsi(n)
ejdi√dou
dwvsei
e[dwke(n)
devdwke(n)
1 pl
di√domen
ejdi√domen
dwvsomen
ejdwvkamen dedwvkamen
2 pl
di√dote
ejdi√dote
dwvsete
ejdwvkate
3 pl
didovasi(n)
ejdi√dosan dwvsousi(n) e[dwkan
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
dedwvkate
devdwkan
Chapter 34
page 7
LetÕs Practive
1. dwvsete
2. ejdi√dou"
3. e[dwka
4. di√dwsin
5. devdwke
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 35
page 1
Chapter 35
Present Active Indicative (#35.2)
*sta
*qe
*do
*deiknu
1 sg
i{sthmi
ti√qhmi
di√dwmi
dei√knumi
2 sg
i{sth"
ti√qh"
di√dw"
deiknuvei"
3 sg
i{sthsi(n)
ti√qhsi(n)
di√dwsi(n)
dei√knusi (n)
1 pl
i{stamen
ti√qemen
di√domen
dei√knumen
2 pl
i{state
ti√qete
di√dote
dei√knute
3 pl
iJsta'si(n)
tiqevasi(n)
didovasi(n)
deiknuvasi(n)
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce