Review Sheet
Biology 1
Evolution (chapters 15,16)
Key Words
Natural Selection
directional, stabilizing and disruptive,
selection
Speciation
Allelic frequency
Geographic Isolation
Reproductive Isolation
Temporal Isolation
Behavioral isolation
Gene pool
Convergent evolution*
Vestigial Structures
Homologous Structures
comparative embryology
cladogram
sexual selection*
mimicry
Hox genes
* look these up on your own – you may see a question about one or both of them on the test.
Objectives
1) Explain the basic components of Darwin’s theory
2) What is meant by the phrase “last common ancestor?”
3) Explain the following using natural selection:
a) development of antibiotic resistant bacteria
b) the development of different beaks in the Galapagos finches
4) Describe the different types of natural selection (directional, stabilizing, and disruptive) and give
an example of each.
5) Explain how the fossil record, homologous/vestigial structures, embryological similarities, and
molecular comparisons (DNA, RNA, and protein) provide evidence for evolution
6) Why are mutations important in the process of evolution?
7) Explain what Hox genes are and how they play a major role in the evolution of new body forms
8) Explain what a cladogram is and be able to determine how closely two organisms are related to
each other by their positions on the cladogram
9) Describe the advantages of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction in terms of evolution
10) Explain why the following statement is true: Individuals cannot evolve, only populations
11) What is the gene pool of a population and what must happen to it in order for evolution to occur?
12) List and describe the factors that can cause change to a gene pool over time.
13) Explain the sequence of events that must occur in the speciation process in order for a single
population to diverge into two different species. You may use any example (real or hypothetical)
to help your explanation.
14) Explain the difference between geographic, temporal, and behavioral isolation and how this can
lead to reproductive isolation
15) Describe the taxonomic system for classifying organisms and be able recognize how closely
related two organisms are based on their taxonomic similarities.
16) Look over the first two video questions on the “Darwin’s Dangerous Idea” question sheet. The
two questions are listed below in case you lost them:
o What property of the HIV virus makes it impossible to treat with only one drug?
o Use the idea of natural selection to explain how the HIV virus can survive HIV drug
treatments.