Predation, Mutualism,
Commensalism, or Parasitism
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Commensalism
Commensalism is a relationship between
two living organisms where one benefits
and the other is neither harmed nor
helped.
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The clownfish lives among the forest
of tentacles of an anemone and is
protected from potential predators.
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Some birds live among cattle to eat the
insects stirred up as they walk. One
example are egrets who hunt for
insects near a grazing animal's mouth.
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One animal attaching itself to another
for transportation such as barnacles
attach to shells or whales or a shrimp
riding on a sea slugs.
barnacles on whale’s tail and clam
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shrimp riding on a sea slug
One species uses a second
organism for housing such as small
mammals or birds that lives in holes
in trees or orchids which live in trees.
Orchid in rainforest Venezuela
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Parasitism
One organism, usually physically smaller of
the two (the parasite) benefits and the
other (the host) is harmed
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Ticks and fleas that live in a host
animal's fur bite the animal and
drink its blood are parasites.
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Insects such as mosquitoes
feeding on a host are parasites.
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Vines such as Kudzu growing on Trees
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Tomato Hornworm with Wasp Eggs
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Tapeworm or Hookworms living in
Host's Gut
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The roots of the Owl Clover are
partly parasitic on the roots of other
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Mutualism
Both species benefit from the interaction.
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Flowers and their Pollinators
(examples: Bees and
hummingbirds gather nectar and
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Birds and mammals eat berries and
fruits while the plant benefits by the
dispersal of it seeds.
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Algae and Fungi > Lichen - Alga
gets water and nutrients from the
fungus and the fungus gets food
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Cleaners eat insect pests from the skin
of animals. (ex: Egyptian plover cleans
giraffes and buffaloes)
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Many herbivores such as cows, sheep,
deer, horses and rabbits depend on
bacteria that live in their stomachs to
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Coral Reefs- The corals get food
and the algae get protection.
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Predation
one eats another (Herbivores eat plants.
Carnivores eats animals.)
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