Biology S137 Name_______________________________________
Andrianopoulos/Friel/McHugh/McCloud/Shoub Date _______________ Per. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
12/1/11-12/15/11
1

Biology S137 Name_______________________________________
Andrianopoulos/Friel/McHugh/McCloud/Shoub Date _______________ Per. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
December 1, 2011 – December 16, 2011
DATE
Thursday, Dec. 1 st
Friday, Dec. 2 nd
Monday, Dec. 5th
Tuesday, Dec.6th
Wednesday, Dec. 7th
ACTIVITY AND HOMEWORK
Go over Cell Growth & Cancer Test
Discuss Course Critical Learning Standards and Targets (pkt. p. 4)
Assign DNA Extra Credit Option (pkt. p. 7-8) – due Thursday December 15 th
DNA Inquiry Activity (pkt. p. 9)
DNA Structure and Function PPT
Homework
 DNA Study Sheets (pkt. p. 11-12)
Review/Check Homework
DNA Structure Review
Replication Notes
Practice Replication Worksheets (pkt. p. 19-20)
Homework

Complete Replication Worksheets (pkt. p. 19-20)

Read Section 12.2 (textbook pages 295-299)

Complete 2CN (pkt. p. 15-18)
Review/Check Homework
Review for Quiz – Webquest Part I (pkt. p. 21-22)
Quiz on DNA Structure and Replication
DNA vs RNA Venn Diagram (pkt. 23)
RNA and Transcription PPT
DNA Replication and Transcription Worksheets (pkt. p. 25-26)
Homework

Finish DNA Replication and Transcription Worksheets (pkt. p.25-26)

Transcription Worksheets (pkt. p. 27)
Go over DNA Structure and Replication Quiz
DNA and RNA Lab
Homework

Finish Lab Analysis Questions

Study for Transcription Quiz
Turn in DNA and RNA Lab
Transcription Quiz
PPT Translation
Begin Homework
Homework

Read Section 12.3 (textbook pages 300-306)

Complete 2CN (pkt. p. 33-36) – due Friday
2

Biology S137 Name_______________________________________
Andrianopoulos/Friel/McHugh/McCloud/Shoub Date _______________ Per. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
DATE
Thursday, Dec. 8th
ACTIVITY AND HOMEWORK tRNA and Protein Building Lab
Friday, Dec. 9th
Homework

Read Section 12.3 (textbook pages 300-306)

Complete 2CN (pkt. p. 33-36) – due Friday
Turn in 2CN
Finish tRNA and Protein Building Lab
Model Protein Synthesis Practice Problem
Protein Synthesis Practice Problems (pkt. p. 41-42)
Monday, Dec. 12th
Tuesday, Dec. 13th
Wednesday, Dec. 14th
Thursday, Dec. 15th
Homework

Finish Protein Synthesis Practice Problems (pkt. p. 41-42)
Review/Check Homework
Protein Synthesis Relay (pkt. p. 45)
Homework

Study for Translation Quiz
Translation Quiz
Complete Unit Objectives (pkt. p. 5)
Answers need to be written on a separate sheet of paper
Homework

Finish your Unit Objectives
Review for Unit Test
Homework

Study for DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis Test
Unit Test on DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis
3

Biology S137 Name_______________________________________
Andrianopoulos/Friel/McHugh/McCloud/Shoub Date _______________ Per. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Course: S137 Biology
Unit: DNA
Time Frame: Semester 2 weeks
Course Critical Learning Standard :
IV. DNA a.
DNA Structure b.
DNA Replication c.
DNA vs. RNA
1.
Differences
2.
Purposes d.
Protein Synthesis
1.
Transcription
2.
Translation
3.
DNA-RNA-Amino Acids
Learning Targets - students will be able to show mastery of identified Critical Learning Standard through the following:
1.
I can explain the structure of DNA.
2.
I can describe the steps of DNA replication and I understand the purpose.
3.
I can identify the differences between DNA and RNA, as well as their purposes.
4.
I can explain the process of protein synthesis.
Objectives
DNA Structure and Replication
DNA vs. RNA
Protein Synthesis
Book
Chapter
12-1 and
12-2
12-1 and
12-3
Target
1 and 2
3
Formative
Assessment #1
Section 12-2
2 column notes
DNA and RNA Lab
Formative
Assessment #2
DNA Structure and Replication
Quiz*
12-3 4
RNA and
Transcription Quiz*
Translation
Quiz
*Remediation required if you do not meet a 70% on Formative Assessment.
Quiz
Score
Reinforcement
Activity
Section Review
WKST 12-2
Section Review
WKST 12-3
4

Biology S137 Name_______________________________________
Andrianopoulos/Friel/McHugh/McCloud/Shoub Date _______________ Per. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
UNIT OBJECTIVES
The following objectives are a guide to what you should know and understand by the end of this unit.
1. Know the definitions of the following terms: nucleotide chromatin
DNA polymerase messenger RNA base replication
RNA polymerase transfer RNA
DNA transcription
2. List the three parts of a DNA nucleotide. codon
RNA translation anticodon amino acid gene double helix protein complementary bases
3. List the names of the 4 different bases found in DNA.
4. Use a diagram and words to describe how DNA nucleotides join to form a section of a DNA molecule.
5. Explain the importance of the sequence of bases in a DNA molecule.
6. Explain why each different organism has a different sequence of nucleotides in its DNA.
7. Describe the process of DNA replication. Explain both when and where it occurs in the cell. Use
diagrams to illustrate your explanation.
8. Explain the process of transcription of DNA into messenger RNA. Use diagrams to illustrate your
explanation.
9. Compare and contrast DNA and RNA (How are they alike? How are they different?).
10. Compare and contrast replication and transcription (How are they alike? How are they different?) .
11. Describe the process of translation of mRNA into a protein. Include the role of the ribosome, codons,
anticodons, and tRNA in your explanation. Use diagrams to illustrate your explanation.
5

Biology S137 Name_______________________________________
Andrianopoulos/Friel/McHugh/McCloud/Shoub Date _______________ Per. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
6

Biology S137 Name_______________________________________
Andrianopoulos/Friel/McHugh/McCloud/Shoub Date _______________ Per. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
INTRODUCTION: In April of 1953, two men, James Watson and Francis Crick, published the structure of the DNA molecule, and won the Nobel prize. Their discovery revolutionized the way we think about biology. We are only now beginning to realize the great impact their discovery is having on our understanding of living things.
Since their discovery involved the creation of models, I thought it would be appropriate to do a little modeling of our own. In that vein, you will create your own model of the DNA molecule. Read on to find out how.
1. Your model must be 3-dimentional; not a drawing or a poster.
2. It must be a double helix in the B-form.
3. It must be free-standing.
4. It must be at least 40 cm tall, but not taller than 100 cm.
5. Base Pairs: Your model should contain at least 15 base pairs, but no more than 30 base pairs.
Bases, sugars, and phosphates should be clearly evident and labeled so they may be easily identified. If letter designations are used, a key must be provided.
6. Dimensions: The helix should be built to scale according to accepted width and base-pair spacing and distances.
7. Materials: Paper, card stock, cardboard or other easily worked materials can be used for the rungs of the ladder. Wire and/or wood can be used to support the structure.
8. Detail: The amount of detail you wish to include, above and beyond the requirements, is up to you. Extra detail may earn you bonus points.
9. A written explanation of the structure of DNA must be included with the structure.
Just think, if you could have created your model 54 years ago, you would have won the Nobel Prize – and about a million bucks!
7

Biology S137 Name_______________________________________
Andrianopoulos/Friel/McHugh/McCloud/Shoub Date _______________ Per. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
DNA Modeling Project Rubric (Rev.)
EXTRA CREDIT
REQUIREMENTS POSSIBLE POINTS POINTS RECEIVED
Model is 3D double helix
Model is freestanding
At least 15 base pairs
Every 10 bases is a full
360 degree twist
A key to the parts is included
The key correctly identifies the parts
A written description of
DNA is included
A is paired correctly with T
C is paired correctly with G
Overall quality of construction
Comments:
Final Score: _____/30 pts.
4
2
2
2
4
4
5
2
2
3
8

Biology S137 Name_______________________________________
Andrianopoulos/Friel/McHugh/McCloud/Shoub Date _______________ Per. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1.
Take out the colorful contents from the ziplock bag.
2.
Try to piece them together, sort of like a puzzle. You have 2 minutes.
3.
Below, make a small scale drawing of how you and your teammate have arranged the pieces.
4.
What do you think these pieces represent? How do you know?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
9

Biology S137 Name_______________________________________
Andrianopoulos/Friel/McHugh/McCloud/Shoub Date _______________ Per. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
10

Biology S137 Name_______________________________________
Andrianopoulos/Friel/McHugh/McCloud/Shoub Date _______________ Per. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
DNA STUDY SHEET
DNA
You know the cells have a "brain" that tells them what to do, and when -- a blue print sort of.
You know that when a cell reproduces, it must copy all this information and give one copy of it to one daughter cell and give one copy to another. You also know that chromosomes do all this, but it's not really the chromosomes, it's what the chromosomes are made of that does all this stuff. Chromosomes are made of DNA. DNA is short for deoxyribonucleic acid. This is why they call it DNA. DNA can carry lots of information since it's the world's largest molecule. It can also replicate (make copies) itself. DNA may contain the secrets of life itself. It is probably the world's most studied molecule.
1.
Why is DNA important? List 2 reasons.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2.
What does DNA stand for?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3.
What are chromosomes made of?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
HOW IT’S BUILT
DNA is shaped like a twisted ladder. This is known scientifically as a double helix. The sides of the ladder are made of sugars ( S ) and phosphates ( P ). The sugar is ribose. But, it's missing an oxygen. The rungs (or steps) of the ladder are attached to the sugars. The rungs are made out of two bases ( B ) attached to each other and to a sugar. The whole thing looks like this:
B
B B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
4.
5.
What is DNA shaped like? (2 names)
What are the sides made of?
6.
What are the rungs made of?
P S P S P S P S P S P S P
7.
What are the rungs attached to?
8.
Why is sugar called deoxyribose?
11
9. How many bases make up a rung?

Biology S137 Name_______________________________________
Andrianopoulos/Friel/McHugh/McCloud/Shoub Date _______________ Per. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
HOW THE RUNGS ARE BUILT
You know that each rung is made of two bases, but it’s a little more complicated than that.
There are four possible bases that can make up a rung. They are Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine. They are almost always known by the first letter of their name – A, T , C, G.
Here’s the important part. You know that it takes two bases to make a rung. The base always pair up like this:
A and T (or) C and G
A always matches with T – never with C or G, or even another A.
C always matches with G – never with A or T or another C.
G always matches with C – never with A or T or another G.
Fill in the blanks:
T always matches with ___ – never with ____ or ______ or ______.
10.
What are the names of the 4 bases?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
11.
Which ones match?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
12.
Fill in the blanks on the DNA molecule.
12

Biology S137 Name_______________________________________
Andrianopoulos/Friel/McHugh/McCloud/Shoub Date _______________ Per. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
13

Biology S137 Name_______________________________________
Andrianopoulos/Friel/McHugh/McCloud/Shoub Date _______________ Per. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
14

Biology S137 Name_______________________________________
Andrianopoulos/Friel/McHugh/McCloud/Shoub Date _______________ Per. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Chapter 12.2 Pages 295 to 299
Section or Chapter Title: ______________________
Pre-Reading: Predicting and Inferring
Write THREE SENTENCES that come to mind about the topic:



What is one question you have about the topic that you think will be answered in the reading:

During-Reading:
Key Ideas and Section Heading Supporting Details (use graphics & pictures as well as text) – pictures should have meaningful color used
15

Biology S137 Name_______________________________________
Andrianopoulos/Friel/McHugh/McCloud/Shoub Date _______________ Per. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Key Ideas and Section Heading Supporting Details (use graphics & pictures as well as text) – pictures should have meaningful color used
16

Biology S137 Name_______________________________________
Andrianopoulos/Friel/McHugh/McCloud/Shoub Date _______________ Per. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Vocabulary Word Definition (in your own words) Picture (with meaningful color used)
17

Biology S137 Name_______________________________________
Andrianopoulos/Friel/McHugh/McCloud/Shoub Date _______________ Per. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
After Reading: Summarizing
Write a FOUR sentence summary about the reading:
18

Biology S137 Name_______________________________________
Andrianopoulos/Friel/McHugh/McCloud/Shoub Date _______________ Per. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
DNA Replication
I have summarized the three steps in DNA replication below. Use this information as well as the information gathered in your notes to answer the questions that follow.
STEP 1 : The double helix unzips (with helicase) down the middle as base pairs separate.
STEP 2 : DNA polymerase adds the correct complimentary nucleotide to each exposed strand.
STEP 3 : A complimentary strand is created for each original strand in the double helix.
Questions:
1.
Fill in the correct complimentary base for each of the following bases found in DNA.
Complimentary Base a.
guanine ________________ b.
adenine ________________ c.
thymine d.
cytosine
________________
________________
2.
Which of the four bases above are purines? Look in your text book for a picture of the bases. Purines are single ringed structures.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
3.
Which of the four bases above are pyrimidines? Look in your text book for a picture of the bases.
Pyrimidines are double ringed structures.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
4.
Draw a picture of the result of each step of DNA replication below. I have given you the sequence of one strand of DNA in the first box. Begin by filling in the complimentary bases for the second strand in the box.
C -
G -
G -
T -
A -
19

Biology S137 Name_______________________________________
Andrianopoulos/Friel/McHugh/McCloud/Shoub Date _______________ Per. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
DNA Replication
Replicate the following DNA molecules. Use a different color pens (or pencils) to show the difference between the original and new strands of DNA.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2. -
-
-
-
-
AT-
-CG-
-CG-
-GC-
-AT-
-TA-
CG-
-CG-
-GC-
-AT-
-AT-
-TA-
TA-
-TA-
-CG-
-GC-
-CG-
-AT-
TA-
-GC-
-AT-
-CG-
-TA-
-CG-
CG-
-TA-
-GC-
-TA-
-AT-
-CG-
20

Biology S137 Name_______________________________________
Andrianopoulos/Friel/McHugh/McCloud/Shoub Date _______________ Per. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
DNA Workshop Online Activity
Go to the following website: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/tryit/dna/#
Click on Go Directly to DNA Workshop Activity
Part I: Click on DNA Replication
 Click on Unzip. What happened? Read the textbox that appears at the left.
 Click OK
1.
Where in the cell does DNA replication take place? ________________
2.
What has to happen to the DNA before it can start replicating?
3.
What are the four bases? How do they pair up?
A pairs up with ____
G pairs up with ____
C pairs up with ____
T pairs up with ____
4.
Describe what you end up with after you finish the activity.
Part II: Transcription
 Click on Protein Synthesis
 Click on Unzip.
Read the textbox that appears on the left.
 Click on OK
 Drag the matching bases until they are all paired up. When done, read the textbox on the left.
5.
Where does transcription take place? _______________
6.
What kind of molecule is formed? ________
7.
What are the three bases in mRNA that are the SAME as in DNA?
8.
Which base is found in mRNA that is NOT found in DNA? ____
Which DNA base does it take the place of? _______
9.
How many strands does each type of molecule have? DNA _____ RNA____
 Drag the matching bases until they are all paired up. When you are done, read the textbox tht appears on the right. All ____ human chromosomes contain 3 ____________ base pairs.
21

Biology S137 Name_______________________________________
Andrianopoulos/Friel/McHugh/McCloud/Shoub Date _______________ Per. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Part III: Translation
 Part III will load automatically when you finish Part 2
 Match the first tRNA anticodons to mRNA codons. Read the textbox.
 Click OK.
Match the remaining two mRNA codons to their corresponding tRNA anticodons. Read each textbox as it pops up. Answer question 10 below. Continue through question 15.
10.
What happened. Summarize the textbox's information.
11.
What organelle makes proteins? ______________
12.
Where is the above organelle found? (Nucleus or cytoplasm) ______________
13.
Three mRNA bases come together to form codons. What are the matching sets of tRNA called?
_______________
14.
Besides anticodons, what else is attached to the tRNA? (Hint: The pieces that make up proteins.)
15.
List the amino acids in the protein that you just formed:
22

Biology S137 Name_______________________________________
Andrianopoulos/Friel/McHugh/McCloud/Shoub Date _______________ Per. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
23

Biology S137 Name_______________________________________
Andrianopoulos/Friel/McHugh/McCloud/Shoub Date _______________ Per. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
24

Biology S137 Name_______________________________________
Andrianopoulos/Friel/McHugh/McCloud/Shoub Date _______________ Per. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
DNA Replication and Transcription Worksheet
1.
Below are some DNA molecules that are missing the right-hand strand. Complete the molecule by writing in the missing strand.
a.
A-
T-
G- b.
C-
T-
A- c.
G-
C-
T-
C-
A-
A-
C-
T-
G-
G- A-
C-
T-
G- A-
T- C- C-
2.
Below are some DNA molecules composed of both a left and right strand. Draw the two
DNA molecules that would be produced by replication. Label the old and new strand of each molecule. a.
b.
G-C
T-A
C-G
A-T
T-A
C-G
T-A
G-C
T-A
C-G
G-C
T-A
A-T
T-A
G-C
T-A
C-G
A-T
25

Biology S137 Name_______________________________________
Andrianopoulos/Friel/McHugh/McCloud/Shoub Date _______________ Per. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
3.
Examine the DNA molecule below. Some of the bases are incorrectly paired. Circle the pairs that are incorrect. a.
C-G
C.
A-G
A-C
T-A
G-C
C-C
G-A
C-G
A-T
A-T
A-T
T-T
C-G
A-T
C-G
T-A
A-A
G-C
A-T
U-A
T-T
A-T
G-C
C-G
A-T
G-U
4.
Below are some DNA molecules. Draw the messenger RNA molecule that would be produced from the left-hand strand of each DNA molecule. Remember, don’t T’s your RNA’s!
a.
DNA mRNA b. DNA mRNA c. DNA mRNA
G-C
T-A
C-G
A-T
T-A
C-G
T-A
G-C
T-A
C-G
G-C
T-A
A-T
T-A
G-C
T-A
C-G
A-T
A-T
T-A
C-G
A-T
C-G
G-C
T-A
A-T
A-T
26

Biology S137 Name_______________________________________
Andrianopoulos/Friel/McHugh/McCloud/Shoub Date _______________ Per. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
DNA Transcription
Transcribe the following DNA molecules.
1.
-CG-
-TA-
-CG-
-GC-
-GC-
-AT-
2.
-CG-
-AT-
-TA-
-TA-
-CG-
-GC-
3.
CG-
-GC-
-AT-
-TA-
-TA-
-CG-
4.
CG-
-AT-
-AT-
-TA-
-CG-
-GC-
5.
-C G-
-T A-
-G C-
-T A-
-A T-
-C G-
27

Biology S137 Name_______________________________________
Andrianopoulos/Friel/McHugh/McCloud/Shoub Date _______________ Per. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
28

Biology S137 Name_______________________________________
Andrianopoulos/Friel/McHugh/McCloud/Shoub Date _______________ Per. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
29

Biology S137 Name_______________________________________
Andrianopoulos/Friel/McHugh/McCloud/Shoub Date _______________ Per. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
30

Biology S137 Name_______________________________________
Andrianopoulos/Friel/McHugh/McCloud/Shoub Date _______________ Per. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
31

Biology S137 Name_______________________________________
Andrianopoulos/Friel/McHugh/McCloud/Shoub Date _______________ Per. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
32

Biology S137 Name_______________________________________
Andrianopoulos/Friel/McHugh/McCloud/Shoub Date _______________ Per. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Chapter 12.3 Pages 300 to 306
Section or Chapter Title: ______________________
Pre-Reading: Predicting and Inferring
Write THREE SENTENCES that come to mind about the topic:



What is one question you have about the topic that you think will be answered in the reading:

During-Reading:
Key Ideas and Section Heading Supporting Details (use graphics & pictures as well as text) – pictures should have meaningful color used
33

Biology S137 Name_______________________________________
Andrianopoulos/Friel/McHugh/McCloud/Shoub Date _______________ Per. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Key Ideas and Section Heading Supporting Details (use graphics & pictures as well as text) – pictures should have meaningful color used
34

Biology S137 Name_______________________________________
Andrianopoulos/Friel/McHugh/McCloud/Shoub Date _______________ Per. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Vocabulary Word Definition (in your own words) Picture (with meaningful color used)
35

Biology S137 Name_______________________________________
Andrianopoulos/Friel/McHugh/McCloud/Shoub Date _______________ Per. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
After Reading: Summarizing
Write a FOUR sentence summary about the reading:
36

Biology S137 Name_______________________________________
Andrianopoulos/Friel/McHugh/McCloud/Shoub Date _______________ Per. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
37

Biology S137 Name_______________________________________
Andrianopoulos/Friel/McHugh/McCloud/Shoub Date _______________ Per. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
38

Biology S137 Name_______________________________________
Andrianopoulos/Friel/McHugh/McCloud/Shoub Date _______________ Per. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1. The first codon in an mRNA is always AUG. What amino acid does it code for? __________.
2. Stop codons end the translation of each proton. List the three stop codons:
_______, _______, _______
3. How many different codons are possible with 4 bases and codons composed of three bases each? (Hint: Count the codons).
4. What's the point in having several codons for the same amino acid?
39

Biology S137 Name_______________________________________
Andrianopoulos/Friel/McHugh/McCloud/Shoub Date _______________ Per. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
40

Biology S137 Name_______________________________________
Andrianopoulos/Friel/McHugh/McCloud/Shoub Date _______________ Per. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS WORKSHEET
1.
Given the following strand of a DNA molecule , construct the complimentary strand.
 STRAND 1 G C A A C G G T T
 STRAND 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
2.
Using STRAND 1 above, create the mRNA molecule that would result from transcription.
 DNA STRAND 1 G C A A C G G T T
 mRNA: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
3.
Use your mRNA codon chart to determine the order of amino acids that result in the protein coded for by the DNA molecule. USE YOUR mRNA STRAND ONLY!
 Amino Acid Sequence: __________ - __________- __________
4.
Now list the corresponding tRNA molecules that transfer the amino acids:
 tRNA: __________ - __________ - __________
PROBLEM 1:
 DNA STRAND 1 = T C T G T T G T T
 DNA STRAND 2 =
 mRNA =
 Amino Acid Sequence
 tRNA
PROBLEM 2:
=
 DNA STRAND 1 = G C A A C A A A T
 DNA STRAND 2 =
 mRNA =
 Amino Acid Sequence
 tRNA =
41

Biology S137 Name_______________________________________
Andrianopoulos/Friel/McHugh/McCloud/Shoub Date _______________ Per. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
PROBLEM 3:
 DNA STRAND 1 = T C T T T A C A T
 DNA STRAND 2 =
 mRNA =
 Amino Acid Sequence
 tRNA =
PROBLEM 4:
 DNA STRAND 1 = C A T A A T T C T
 DNA STRAND 2 =
 mRNA =
 Amino Acid Sequence
 tRNA =
PROBLEM 5:
 DNA STRAND 1 = G C A A A T C G A
 DNA STRAND 2 =
 mRNA =
 Amino Acid Sequence
 tRNA =
42

Biology S137 Name_______________________________________
Andrianopoulos/Friel/McHugh/McCloud/Shoub Date _______________ Per. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
43

Biology S137 Name_______________________________________
Andrianopoulos/Friel/McHugh/McCloud/Shoub Date _______________ Per. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
44

Biology S137 Name_______________________________________
Andrianopoulos/Friel/McHugh/McCloud/Shoub Date _______________ Per. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Protein Synthesis Relay
1.
The front desk is the nucleus and the DNA templates CANNOT leave the nucleus!
2.
Your group will receive a baggie that contains 64 anticodon cards with a corresponding word on the back.
3.
Each team member will choose a job: a.
mRNA student b.
Ribosome student c.
tRNA student d.
Protein Sentence writer
4.
The mRNA student is to come up to the desk and pick a DNA template card, write down the DNA template card number, and transcribe the DNA sequence into mRNA. That person returns to their group with the mRNA sequence.
5.
The ribosome student then writes out the tRNA anticodon sequence.
6.
The tRNA student will search for the correct anticodon card and flip the card over to reveal the word on the other side.
7.
The Protein Sentence writer then puts all the words together to form a sentence and writes it down on this worksheet.
Protein Sentences: Write down the DNA template number and finished protein sentence.
A._____
B._____
C._____
D._____
E._____
F._____
G._____
H._____
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Biology S137 Name_______________________________________
Andrianopoulos/Friel/McHugh/McCloud/Shoub Date _______________ Per. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
46

Biology S137 Name_______________________________________
Andrianopoulos/Friel/McHugh/McCloud/Shoub Date _______________ Per. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
47

Biology S137 Name_______________________________________
Andrianopoulos/Friel/McHugh/McCloud/Shoub Date _______________ Per. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
48

Biology S137 Name_______________________________________
Andrianopoulos/Friel/McHugh/McCloud/Shoub Date _______________ Per. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
49

Biology S137 Name_______________________________________
Andrianopoulos/Friel/McHugh/McCloud/Shoub Date _______________ Per. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Write a message, in double-stranded, DNA code, in the space below. The upper half of the DNA molecule should contain your “secret” message. Transcribe it into mRNA using the decoder table below. Fill in the tRNA codes too. Then, write your coded DNA message on a strip of paper and give it to a friend. See if they can decode it correctly.
Message in DNA code: mRNA tRNA
CODON ENGL. CODON ENGL. CODON ENGL. CODON ENGL.
AAA
AAC
A
B
CAA
CAC
Q
R
GAA
GAC g h
UAA
UAC w x
AAG
AAU
ACA
ACC
C
D
E
F
CAG
CAU
CCA
CCC
S
T
U
V
GAG
GAU
GCA
GCC
I j k l
UAG
UAU
UCA
UCC y z
1
2
ACG
ACU
AGA
AGC
AGG
AGU
ATA
ATC
ATG
AUU
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
CCG
CCU
CGA
CGC
CGG
CGU
CUA
CUC
CTG
CUU
W
X
Y
Z a b c d e f
GCG
GCU
GGA
GGC
GGG
GGU
GUA
GUC
GUG
GUU m n o p q r s t u v
UCG
UCT
UGA
UGC
UGG
UGT
UUA
UUC
UUG
UUU
7
8
9
0
3
4
5
6
Space
Period
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Biology S137 Name_______________________________________
Andrianopoulos/Friel/McHugh/McCloud/Shoub Date _______________ Per. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
O.K., Movie Critic, it’s time to watch the video and provide the viewing “public” with a hardhitting, in-depth review. Your review should give the major details of the video. Last, write a brief summary. As always, reviews should be balanced and not biased in favor or against the video.
VIDEO’S TITLE: Bill Nye the Science Guy: Genes VC572.2.86 24 min.
VIEWERS NOTES: AT LEAST 10 IDEAS OR CONCEPTS MUST BE LISTED
1. _________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________________
4. _________________________________________________________________
5. _________________________________________________________________
6. _________________________________________________________________
7. _________________________________________________________________
8. _________________________________________________________________
9. _________________________________________________________________
10. ________________________________________________________________
SUMMARIZE THE VIDEO
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
VIDEO RATING (1-4) ______ or
51

Biology S137 Name_______________________________________
Andrianopoulos/Friel/McHugh/McCloud/Shoub Date _______________ Per. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
52

Biology S137 Name_______________________________________
Andrianopoulos/Friel/McHugh/McCloud/Shoub Date _______________ Per. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
DNA is found in the cells of all organisms. DNA is a very long, stringy molecule that has a negative charge. Each chromosome in a cell is made of a single long DNA molecule, which may have millions of nucleotide bases. (FYI: If the 46 DNA molecules from the chromosomes of one of your cells were placed end to end, they would be up to 8 feet long, but so thin, that you couldn’t see them!) o o o o o
The purpose of this experiment is to isolate or extract DNA from your own cheek cells. Extracting DNA is very often the first step that a molecular biologist performs on the way to more complex manipulations of DNA.
Materials : o Gatorade or 0.9% salt solution o o
25% Suave shampoo or detergent solution
Ice-cold 95% ethanol (ethyl alcohol)
Water
10 mL graduated cylinder
Dixie Cups
Capillary pipette or toothpick for spooling DNA
50 mL beakers or paper cups
1. Measure 10 mL of Gatorage or NaCl solution and place it in a small paper cup.
2. Rinse your mouth with the Gatorade or NaCl solution for 30-60 seconds.
3. Spit out the NaCl solution, now containing cheek cells,back into the 50 mL beaker or cup.

Swishing the solution in your mouth causes cheek cells to get scraped off your cheek into the solution. The positively-charged sodium ions (Na+) are attracted to the negative charge of the DNA. This creates a “shield” around the DNA molecules and causes them to stick together (coalesce). This enables the DNA to precipitate out of the solution when alcohol is added in a later step.
1. Pour 10 mL of detergent solution into the cell solution.

The lipid bilayer of the cell membrane and nuclear membrane are broken down by detergents. (FYI: When you wash dishes, the fats/grease are removed from you dishes by the dish soap.)
2. Mix well by gently swirling the contents in the Dixie cup. You Do Not Want Bubbles to Form!
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Biology S137 Name_______________________________________
Andrianopoulos/Friel/McHugh/McCloud/Shoub Date _______________ Per. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
3. Half-fill a test tube with your cheek cell and soap solution.
4. Carefully layer 5-10 mL of ethanol on to of the suspension of dissolved cells by allowing the ethanol to drip slowly down the side of the beaker. A distinct layer of ethanol should be observed on top of the detergent and cell mixture.

DNA molecules are soluble in water but not in alcohol solution. When the DNA from your cheek cells comes in contact with alcohol, the long, stringy DNA molecules precipitate into the alcohol.
5. Move a glass rod or stick through the ethanol into the cell suspension and rest it on the bottom of the beaker.
Gently stir and roll the glass rod between your fingers, but do not mix the layers.
6. Carefully and slowly pull out the glass rod. You should be able to see a white, stringy material clinging to the glass rod. What you see is thousands of your DNA molecules stuck together!
CONGRATULATIONS!
YOU HAVE ISOLATED THE “BLUEPRINT” FOR LIVING THINGS!
1.
Describe the function of the following steps thoroughly: a.
Swishing b.
Detergent c.
Salt
2.
Describe what your DNA extract look like?
3.
Explain why scientists might need to extract DNA from a person or object/
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