Name:________________________
Date:_________________________
Organization of the Skeleton
Prelab: the skeleton can be divided into two major portions: (1) axial skeleton, which
consists of the bones and cartilages of the head, neck, and trunk, and (2) the
appendicular skeleton, which consists of the bones of the limbs and those that
anchor the limbs to the axial skeleton.
Purpose: To review the organization of the skeleton, the major bones of the skeleton,
and the terms used to describe the skeletal structures.
Materials: textbook, articulated human skeleton, colored pencils
Procedure:
1. Review the section entitled “Skeletal Organization” in chapter 7 of “Hole’s” [p.
121-139 in Marieb]
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2. As a review activity, label the major bones of the anterior view of the skeleton.
A. __________________________
B. __________________________
C. _________________________
D. __________________________
E. __________________________
F. __________________________
G.
__________________________
H. __________________________
I. __________________________
J. __________________________
K. __________________________
L. __________________________
M. _________________________
N. __________________________
O.__________________________
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3. As a review activity, label the major bones of the posterior view of the skeleton.
A. __________________________
B. __________________________
C. __________________________
D. __________________________
E. __________________________
F. __________________________
G. __________________________
H. __________________________
I. __________________________
J. __________________________
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4. Examine the human skeleton and locate the following parts. As you locate the
following bones, note the number of each in the skeleton. Palpate as many of
the corresponding bones in your own skeleton as possible.
Axial Skeleton
Skull
Cranium
Face
Middle ear bone
Hyoid Bone
Vertebral column
Vertebra
Sacrum
Coccyx
Thoracic cage
Rib
Sternum
# in
body
8
14
6
1
24
1
1
24
1
Appendicular Skeleton
Pectoral girdle
scapula
Clavicle
Upper limb bones
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Carpal
Metacarpal
Phalanx
Pelvic girdle
Coax (hipbone)
Lower limb bones
Femur
Tibia
Fibula
Patella
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanx
# in
body
2
2
2
2
2
16
10
28
2
2
2
2
2
14
10
28
5. Study table 5.1 in Marieb or Table 7.2 in “Hole’s”. Locate an example of each
of the following features (bone markings) on the bone listed. Noting the size,
shape, and location in the human skeleton.
Condyle – occipital
Crest – tibia, hipbones
Epicondyle- Femur
Facet – vertebra
Foramen- skull
Fossa – humerus
Head – humerus
Meatus – temporal
Sinus – skull
Spine – scapula
Suture – skull
Trochanter – femur
Tubercle – humerus
Tuberosity - tibia
Ramus (armlike bar of bone) mandible)- mandible
6. Complete the conclusion questions.
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Conclusion:
Part A
1. The cranium and facial bones compose the _________________________________.
2. The ____________________________ bone supports the tongue.
3. The ____________________________ at the inferior end of the sacrum is composed
of several fused vertebrae.
4. Most ribs are attached anteriorly to the __________________________________.
5. The thoracic cage is composed of _______________________pairs of ribs.
6. The scapulae and the clavicles together form the
_______________________________________.
7. The humerus, radius, and ____________________________________ articulate to
form the elbow joint.
8. The wrist is composed of eight bones called _________________________________.
9. The coxae (hipbones) are attached posteriorly to the ________________________.
10. The pelvic girdle (coxae), sacrum, and coccyx together form the
___________________________________________.
11. The _____________________________________ covers the anterior surface of the
knee.
12. The bones that articulate with the distal ends of the tibia and fibula are
called_____________________________________________.
13. All finger and toe bones are called ____________________________________.
Part B
Match the terms in column A with the definitions in column B. Place the letter of your
choice in the space provided.
______1. condyle
a. Opening or passageway
______2. Crest
b. relatively large process
______3. head
c. Rounded process that usually articulate with another
bone
______4. trochanter
d. Deep depression
______5. spine
e. Narrow ridge like projection
______6. Meatus
f. Armlike bar of bone
______7. foramen
g. Thornlike projection
______ 8. Fossa
h. air-filled cavity in bone
______9. Ramus
i. interlocking line of union
______10, sinus
j. Rounded enlargement at the end of bone
______11. suture
k. tubelike passageway
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