Exam I 2014
1. Which of the following statements regarding anatomical positions is false:
a. the manubrium is cranial to the xiphoid process of the sternum
b. the arm is distal to the shoulder
c. where they overlap, pectoralis major is superficial to serratus anterior
d. the internal thoracic artery is lateral to the sternum
e. the vertebral body is posterior to the vertebral arch
2. Which of the following statements about the back is false:
a. semispinalis capitis is pierced by the greater occipital nerve
b. rhomboideus major attaches to the axillary border of the scapula
c. the trapezius muscle inserts on the spine of the scapula
d. multifidus belongs to the transversospinal group of muscles
e. the latissimus dorsi originates on the thoracolumbar fascia
3. Which of the following statements regarding the skeleton of the back is false:
a. the thoracic vertebral column has a lordotic curvature
b. thoracic vertebrae have articular facets for ribs
c. cervical vertebrae possess foramina transversaria
d. lumbar vertebrae have relatively large bodies
e. a scoliosis is a pathological lateral curvature of the spine
4. Which of the following statements about the back is true:
a. the spinalis muscle is the most lateral muscle of the erector spinae muscle group
b. dorsal rami of sacral spinal nerves exit the vertebral canal through posterior sacral foramina
c. the multifidus muscle is most prominent in the thoracic region
d. the erector spinae muscles are innervated by dorsal roots of spinal nerves
e. when both semispinalis capitis muscles contract they flex the head and neck
5. Which of the following fibers is not found in spinal nerve T5:
a. somatic sensory
b. preganglionic sympathetic
c. somatic motor
d. preganglionic parasympathetic
e. visceral sensory
6. There are how many pairs of gray rami communicantes:
a. 14
b. 31
c. 34
d. 12
e. 4
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7. Which statement about cell bodies of neurons is false:
a. the ventral horn of the spinal gray matter contains somatic motor cell bodies
b. the (intermedio)lateral horn of the spinal gray matter contains visceral motor cell bodies
c. the sympathetic chain ganglia contain postsynaptic sympathetic cell bodies
d. the pre-aortic (prevertebral) ganglia contain presynaptic sympathetic cell bodies
e. the walls of organs contain postsynaptic parasympathetic cell bodies
8. Which statement about the spinal cord and spinal nerves is false:
a. the cauda equina is made of dorsal and ventral roots of spinal nerves
b. the filum terminale inside the dural sac is made of pia mater
c. white rami communicantes are covered by myelin
d. the spinal cord ends at L1/L2
e. it is safe to perform a spinal tap at L1/L2
9. Which of the following statements about spinal nerves is false:
a. dorsal roots of spinal nerves contain somatic sensory fibers
b. dorsal roots of spinal nerves contain visceral sensory fibers
c. the denticulate ligaments lie between dorsal and ventral roots of spinal nerves
d. the ventral root of spinal nerve S3 has preganglionic parasympathetic fibers
e. the ventral root of spinal nerve L3 has preganglionic sympathetic fibers
10. There are how many pairs of floating ribs:
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 7
e. 12
11. Which of the following statements about the thoracic wall is true:
a. the fifth rib lacks a costal cartilage
b. the internal thoracic arteries and veins run posterior to the tranversus thoracis muscle
c. posterior intercostal arteries are direct branches off of the internal thoracic arteries
d. external intercostal muscles are best-developed just lateral to the sternum on the anterior
thorax wall
e. the second rib attaches to the sternum at the level of the sternal angle
12. Which of the following statements about intercostal spaces is true:
a. fibers of the external and innermost intercostal muscles run parallel to each other
b. intercostal nerves run between the external and internal intercostal muscles
c. intercostal arteries run inferior to intercostal nerves and veins
d. venous drainage of intercostal spaces is solely through the posterior intercostal veins
e. the innermost intercostal muscles are innervated by intercostal nerves
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13. Which statement about the thoracic wall is false:
a. blood supply to the pectoralis muscles comes from the thoracoacromial artery
b. the thoracoacromial artery arises from the axillary artery
c. the lateral thoracic artery contributes to the blood supply of the mammary gland
d. the pectoralis minor has clavicular, sternal, and costal heads
e. Cooper’s ligaments (suspensory ligaments) connect to the skin of the breast
14. Which of the following is not found on the left lung:
a. cardiac impression
b. horizontal fissure
c. cardiac notch
d. oblique fissure
e. impression for the descending aorta
15. During normal breathing, exhalation (expiration) is primarily caused by:
a. contraction of the diaphragm
b. contraction of the external intercostal muscles
c. contraction of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
d. the bucket-handle mechanism
e. passive recoil of lung tissue
16. Which of the following is false of the right main bronchus:
a. it is straighter than the left bronchus
b. it gives rise to three lobar bronchi
c. it is longer than the left bronchus
d. its wall contains cartilage
e. it is wider than the left bronchus
17. Which statement about the innervation of thoracic viscera is true:
a. the sympathetic nerves in the cardiac plexus are preganglionic
b. the parasympathetic nerves in the cardiac plexus are preganglionic
c. pain from ischemia of the heart is referred to dermatomes T1 – L2
d. pain in the parietal pleura is transmitted by visceral sensory nerves
e. sympathetic nerves to the heart often travel down in the sympathetic chain prior to exiting
it in cardiac nerves
18. Which statement about the valves of the heart is false:
a. the pulmonary valve has three cusps
b. the aortic valve has three cusps
c. the right atrioventricular valve has three cusps
d. the left atrioventricular valve has three cusps
e. heart valves normally make sounds when the cusps come into contact with each other
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19. Which statement regarding the moderator band (septomarginal trabecula) is true:
a. it carries postganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the right atrioventricular valve
b. it contains many powerful muscle fibers that contract to expel blood from the right ventricle
c. it carries somatic sensory fibers from the atrioventricular valves of the heart
d. it is a remnant of a fetal shunt from the right ventricle to the left ventricle that allowed
blood to bypass the pulmonary trunk (and therefore the lungs) in the fetus
e. it is usually continuous with the anterior papillary muscle of the right ventricle
20. Which of the following statements regarding the venous drainage of the heart is false:
a. the small cardiac vein accompanies the right marginal branch of the right coronary artery
b. the great cardiac vein runs with the posterior interventricular artery
c. the coronary sinus receives the great, middle, and small cardiac veins
d. the anterior cardiac veins drain blood directly into the right atrium
e. the coronary sinus drains into the right atrium
21. Which of the following statements about the heart is correct:
a. pectinate muscles are found in the right and left ventricles
b. Purkinje fibers course through the interatrial septum
c. the fossa ovalis is on the interventricular septum
d. cardiac infarction is associated with referred pain at dermatome levels C7 and C8
e. the sinuatrial (SA) node is normally the ‘pacemaker’ of the heart
22. The transverse thoracic plane does not intersect:
a. the ascending aorta
b. the descending aorta
c. the right brachiocephalic vein
d. the vagus nerve
e. the phrenic nerve
23. Which of the following structures arches over the root (hilum) of the right lung:
a. hemiazygos vein
b. azygos vein
c. internal thoracic vein
d. pericardicophrenic vein
e. superior vena cava
24. In the posterior mediastinum, the thoracic duct is found:
a. on the anterior surface of the esophagus
b. to the left of the azygos vein
c. to the left of the thoracic aorta
d. anterior to the aortic arch
e. to the right side of the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae
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25. All of the following are found in the posterior mediastinum except:
a. vagus nerves
b. thoracic sympathetic trunks
c. azygos and hemiazygos veins
d. ascending aorta
e. esophageal plexus
26. The greater splanchnic nerve is composed of:
a. postganglionic sympathetic fibers from T5-T9
b. postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from S2-S4
c. preganglionic sympathetic fibers from T5-T9
d. preganglionic sympathetic fibers from T12-L2
e. preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from S2-S4
27. The internal spermatic fascia of the spermatic cord is continuous with:
a. the fascia of the external abdominal oblique muscle
b. the fascia of the internal abdominal oblique muscle
c. the transversalis fascia
d. the aponeurosis of the transversus abdominis muscle
e. the tunica vaginalis of the scrotum
28. Which of the following is false of the rectus abdominis muscle:
a. it is innervated by intercostal nerves T7 - T11 and the subcostal nerve
b. it extends from the pubic symphysis and pubic tubercle to costal cartilages of ribs 8 – 10
c. its muscle fibers are interrupted by several tendinous intersections
d. contraction of the rectus abdominis muscle flexes the trunk
e. the rectus abdominis muscle inferior to the arcuate line lies directly on the transversalis
fascia
29. Which of the following does not pass through the superficial inguinal ring:
a. the iliohypogastric nerve
b. the testicular artery
c. the round ligament
d. the cremaster muscle
e. the ductus deferens
30. Which of the following is a correct pattern of arterial branching in the abdomen:
a. superior mesenteric artery gives rise to the middle rectal artery
b. celiac trunk gives rise to the middle colic artery
c. superior mesenteric artery gives rise to the right gastric artery
d. splenic artery gives rise to the left gastro-omental (gastro-epiploic) artery
e. inferior mesenteric artery gives rise to gastroduodenal artery
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31. Which is true regarding the ligaments and mesenteries of the abdomen:
a. the falciform ligament attaches to the anterior abdominal wall and separates the quadrate
and caudate lobes of the liver
b. the greater omentum is suspended from the greater curvature of the stomach
c. the anterior wall of the lesser sac is formed by the phrenicocolic ligament
d. blood vessels to organs in the abdomen are typically on the external (superficial) surface of
the mesenteries of the organs
e. the liver and the adrenal (suprarenal) glands are two examples of intraperitoneal organs
32. Which statement is true about sympathetic nerves to abdominal organs:
a. they contain postganglionic fibers when traveling along the right colic artery to the
ascending colon
b. they synapse in both the paravertebral ganglia and in the walls of organs
c. they are active when the body needs to increase peristalsis and digestion
d. they flow out of the (intermedio)lateral columns at levels S2, S3 and S4 when headed to the
sigmoid colon
e. they are not accompanied by visceral sensory fibers
33. Which of the following is false about the large intestine:
a. the transverse colon has tenia coli
b. the descending colon has haustra coli
c. the ascending colon has epiploic appendices
d. the sigmoid colon has rugae
e. venous blood from the transverse colon travels in the middle colic vein
34. Which of the following statements regarding venous drainage of the abdomen is true:
a. veins of the caval system have no valves but the veins of the portal system do have valves
b. the superior mesenteric vein joins the splenic vein to make the hepatic vein
c. blood in the para-umbilical veins can back up into veins of the anterior abdominal wall in
cases of portal hypertension
d. all venous drainage of the rectum is directly into the caval venous system
e. drainage of the left gastric vein from the cardia part of the stomach is normally directly into
the hemiazygos vein
35. Which pairing of abdominal structures and descriptions is false:
a. stomach – pyloric sphincter separates it from the duodenum
b. pancreas – tail of pancreas is the most leftward pointing part of the organ
c. cecum – suspends the appendix (if present)
d. duodenum – major pancreatic duct opens into 4th part of duodenum
e. jejunum – fewer arcades than ileum
36. Which of the following is not secondarily retroperitoneal:
a. most of pancreas
b. ascending colon
c. spleen
d. descending colon
e. most of duodenum
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37. The suprarenal (adrenal) gland:
a. receives postganglionic sympathetic fibers but no preganglionic sympathetic fibers
b. has a medulla and a cortex
c. receives arterial blood solely from direct branches off of the abdominal aorta
d. is secondarily retroperitoneal
e. secretes digestive enzymes into the gut via the greater duodenal papilla
38. Urine passes through (in sequence from first to last):
a. minor calyx > renal papilla > major calyx > renal pelvis > ureter
b. renal papilla > major calyx > minor calyx > renal pelvis > ureter
c. renal papilla > minor calyx > major calyx > renal pelvis > ureter
d. renal papilla > minor calyx > major calyx > ureter > renal pelvis
e. renal papilla > renal pelvis > minor calyx > major calyx > ureter
39. The lateral arcuate ligaments:
a. mark the position where inferior epigastric vessels enter the rectus sheath
b. are formed where the diaphragm overlaps the quadratus lumborum muscle
c. prevent dislocation of costal articulations with transverse processes
d. suspend the third and fourth parts of the duodenum
e. connect the pulmonary trunk to the arch of the aorta
40. Which statement about the renal vasculature is false:
a. the right renal artery is longer than the left
b. the right gonadal artery arises from the right renal artery
c. the left renal vein is longer than the right and passes anterior to the abdominal aorta
d. the left gonadal vein empties into the left renal vein
e. the left suprarenal vein empties into the left renal vein
41. Which statement about the nerves of the lumbar plexus is false:
a. all nerves emanating from the lumbar plexus convey postganglionic sympathetics
b. both the iliohypogastric and the ilioinguinal nerves are derived from spinal cord segment L1
c. the genitofemoral nerve innervates psoas major as it passes through it
d. the ventral rami of spinal nerves L4 and L5 join to form the lumbosacral trunk
e. the obturator nerve emerges near the medial surface of psoas major
42. Which of the following statements about the floor of the pelvis is false:
a. the levator ani muscle is part of it
b. it consists of somatic (striated) muscle
c. it is innervated by spinal cord segments S2 to S4
d. in females, the sphincter urethrovaginalis muscle is part of it
e. in males, it is pierced from anterior to posterior by the urethra and the rectum
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43. Which statement about the external genitalia is correct:
a. the body of the penis is surrounded by the ischiocavernosus muscle
b. the bulbs of the vestibule are surrounded by ischiocavernosus muscles
c. somatic sensory innervation comes from the pelvic splanchnic nerves (‘nervi erigentes’)
d. the external genitalia are superficial to the perineal membrane
e. the glans of the penis consists of corpus cavernosum
44. Which of the following statements about the female perineum is false:
a. the perineal body lies between the vaginal orifice and the rectum
b. in an episitomy the perineal body is incised
c. the labia majora contain the bulbs of the vestibule
d. the greater vestibular glands (Bartholin’s glands) open into the vagina
e. blood supply to the clitoris comes from the internal pudendal artery
45. Which of the following does not characterize the female pelvis:
a. wide pelvic inlet
b. tall pubic symphysis
c. wide subpubic angle
d. large conjugate
e. less projecting promontory
46. Which of the following statements about the urinary system is false:
a. the muscles in the wall of the bladder contract during urination
b. the internal vesical sphincter muscle contracts during ejaculation
c. the urethra in males is called the membranous urethra as it traverses the prostate
d. the bulbourethral glands in males open into the urethra
e. the ejaculatory ducts in males open into the urethra
47. Which of the following ligaments in the female pelvis carries the ovarian artery to the ovary:
a. the mesovarium
b. the suspensory (infundibulopelvic) ligament of the ovary
c. the cardinal ligament
d. the ovarian ligament
e. the broad ligament
48. Which statement about relationships in the pelvic cavity is false:
a. the retropubic space is between the pubic symphysis and the bladder
b. the projection of the uterus into the vagina is called the fornix
c. the rectovesical pouch is the inferiormost point of the peritoneal cavity in males
d. the prostate can be palpated through the anterior wall of the rectum
e. the ductus (vas) deferens is joined by the duct of the seminal vesicle posterior to the
bladder
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49. Which statement about the innervation of the pelvis is false:
a. sympathetics from T10 – L2 make the smooth muscles in the walls of the ductus deferens
contract during ejaculation
b. sympathetics from T10 – L2 make the detrusor muscle of the bladder contract during
urination
c. the pudendal nerve innervates the bulbospongiosus and ischocavernosus muscles
d. the pudendal nerve innervates the external anal sphincter muscle
e. visceral pain from most pelvic organs travels with parasympathetic pelvic splanchnic nerves
to spinal cord levels S(2)3 – S4
50. Which of the following is an incorrect paring of a fetal structure and its remnant in the adult:
a. umbilical vein - round ligament of liver
b. gubernaculum - round ligament of uterus
c. umbilical artery - medial umbilical fold
d. processus vaginalis of peritoneal cavity - tunica albuginea of testis
e. ductus arteriosus - ligamentum arteriosum
51. Which of the following statements best describes ‘futbol’ (= soccer = the beautiful game, blah,
blah, blah):
a. there is not enough scoring (if you are the Netherlands)
b. there is too much scoring (if you are from Brazil)
c. the United States is 321 years away from fielding a team that would be able to beat Costa
Rica (a country with less than 5 Million people)
d. Germany cheated at soccer (see b, above)
e. when does real (American) football start?!?!
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