Ecology and Evolution Test Review Terms to define in your journal: ecology biotic/abiotic ecosystem autotorophs heterotrophs producers consumers decomposers trophic levels bioaccumulation biomagnification carrying capacity species gene evolution population co-­‐evolution vestigial structures Questions to answer in your journal: Using the food web to the right, 1a. Identify the # of food chains. 1b. Identify the producer. 1c. Identify the primary consumers. 1d. Identify the secondary consumers. 1e. Identify the tertiary consumer. 2. Using the food chain involving the rabbit: If grass contains 1000 kcal of energy, how much of this would the Hawk obtain? 3a. If an insecticide was sprayed and killed all of the grasshoppers, what unintended consequences could occur from this? 3b. What unintended consequences occurred due to the spraying of mosquitoes in Borneo? When Leafy Spurge (the invasive species) was introduced in North Dakota? 4. (Requires drawings of your eco-­‐column! Draw arrows to show where elements are going!) -­‐Please draw how water was cycled in your eco-­‐columns. -­‐Please draw how Carbon and Oxygen was cycled in your eco-­‐column. -­‐ Please draw how Nitrogen was cycled in your eco-­‐column. 5. How is cellular respiration similar to the burning of fossil fuels? 6. What would happen if there were no photosynthesizers on our planet? 7. What is the role of bacteria in the Nitrogen cycle? How do plants get their Nitrogen? How do animals? 8. Why is the nitrogen, carbon, oxygen, and water cycle important for humans? (hint: include biomolecules in your explaination). 9. There are 500 rabbits in 1000 acres of a lpark. What is the population density of rabbits? Using the graph to the right (# of yeast cells vs time on a nutrient sugar plate): 10a. Put a “★” next to the part of the graph where carrying capacity is reached. 10b. Put a “J” next to the part of the graph where growth is the fastest (exponential). 11. Why is reproduction so important to natural selection occurring in populations over time? 12. Why is variation necessary for natural selection to occur? How is variation created in humans? 13. What was the importance of Darwin’s finches in his creation of the theory of Natural Selection? 14. How does similar embryological structure and fossil records aid in the theory that organisms evolved from a common ancestor? 15. How is sexual selection contrary to Darwin’s theory of natural selection?