EOCT vocabulary
Terms
1.
Definitions http://quizlet.com/5591146/us-history-eoctpractice-flash-cards/
House of
Virginia's legislative assembly; similar to parliament
Burgesses
2.
Powhatan
3.
Bacon's Rebellion
Native American chief in Virginia
Uprising by poor colonists of Virginia against governor, led by Nathaniel
Bacon
4.
King Philip's War
Early, bloody conflict between English colonists and Native Americans
5.
Salem Witch Trials
Girls from Salem, MA accused of being "witches"
6.
New England
Founded by Puritans for religious freedom-Massachusetts, R.I.
Colonies
7.
Mid-Atlantic
Pennsylvania, New York
Colonies
8.
Pennsylvania
Founded by William Penn as a Quaker colony
9.
New Amsterdam
Originally founded by the Dutch; renamed New York by England
10. Rhode Island
Founded by Roger Williams, broke away from Massachusetts
11. Quebec
1st permanent French colony; founded by Samuel de Champlain
12. Mercantilism
Acquiring wealth to benefit the mother country
13. Middle Passage
Horrible sea voyage that carried African slaves
14. Great Awakening
Religious revival; encouraged a personal relationship w/ God
15. Benjamin Franklin
Great American leader, inventor, diplomat and renaissance man
16. Transatlantic
Trade between England and her colonies
trade
17. French and Indian
War between Britain and France over the Ohio Valley region
War
18. Treaty of Paris
Ended the F and I war; France gave up Canada and all land East of the
1763
19. Proclamation of
Mississippi River
British law; said colonists could not settle beyond the Appalachians
1763
20. Stamp Act
British tax on all paper products (documents etc.)
21. Intolerable Acts
Closed the port of Boston as punishment for Boston Tea Party
22. Sons of Liberty
Led by Sam Adams, protested unfair British rule
23. Thomas Paine
American patriot; wrote an influential pamphlet protesting Britain
24. Declaration of
America's most important document; declaring independence
Independence
25. John Locke
Philosopher who believed in natural rights, criticized kings
26. Thomas Jefferson
Writer of Declaration of Independence; influenced by John Locke
27. George
America's leader during the Revolution; 1st president
Washington
28. Yorktown
Final battle of American Revolution; support from France was important
29. Treaty of Paris
Ended American Revolution; America officially gained independence
1783
30. Articles of
Confederation
31. Federalists
America's 1st constitution; was too weak because the government had
no power to tax, etc.
Supporters of a strong central governmentt and rule by the elite; led by
Hamilton
32. Anti-Federalists
Supporters of states' power; farmers; led by Jefferson
33. Great
Settled disputes between states with large and small populations;
Compromise
34. Bill of Rights
created a bicameral legislature
First 10 amendments to the Constitution; emphasizes personal
freedoms
35. Shays' Rebellion
Protest of farmers who couldn't pay their war debts which caused them
to lose their farms
36. Whiskey Rebellion
Rebellion of farmers protesting tax on whiskey
37. Checks and
System where 1 branch can't dominate another
Balances
38. Separation of
Legislative (Congress), Executive (President), Judicial (Courts)
Powers
39. The Federalist
Written by Hamilton, Madison and Jay; encouraged ratification of the
Constitution
40. Northwest
Encouraged Westward expansion and creation of new states
Ordinance
41. Lewis and Clark
Explored undiscovered western USA
Expedition
42. War of 1812
Britain and US; fought over freedom of the sea, impressment
43. Monroe Doctrine
Outlawed interference in American affairs/Western Hemisphere
44. Industrial
Power driven machines replaced hand labor
Revolution
45. Eli Whitney
Inventor of cotton gin and interchangeable parts
46. Manifest Destiny
America's right to expand westward
47. Elizabeth Cady
Leader for women's rights/suffrage
Stanton
48. Seneca Falls
America's 1st women's rights convention
Convention
49. Nat Turner
Led a violent slave revolt
50. William Lloyd
Leading white abolitionist, created abolitionist newspaper "Liberator"
Garrison
51. Frederick Douglas
Ex-slave abolitionist; created "North Star" abolitionist paper
52. Missouri
Maine would be free, Missouri slave; slavery banned north of 36/30
Compromise
latitude line
53. Wilmot Proviso
Failed proposal that all land gained from Mexican War be free
54. Mexican War
US vs. Mexico; US gained California, Arizona, N. Mexico
55. Compromise of
California would be free; fugitive slave act enforced stronger
1850
56. John Brown
Abolitionist who led a slave raid on Harper's Ferry; died a martyr
57. Kansas-Nebraska
Law that allowed popular sovereignty (states right to choose between
Act
slavery and free)
58. Abraham Lincoln
US president during Civil War; one of greatest ever
59. Gettysburg
Lincoln's speech honoring the dead soldiers fighting for a great cause
Address
60. Vicksburg
Turning battle because it cut the South in 2; North controlled
Mississippi River
61. Gettysburg
Worst battle; Confederates no longer tried to invade the North after this
62. Emancipation
Lincoln's law that freed all slaves in Confederate states
Proclamation
63. North's economy
Based on factories; industrialism
64. South's economy
Based on agriculture; slaves
65. Robert E. Lee
Confederate (Southern) General
66. U.S. Grant
Union (Northern) General
67. Dred Scott Case
Said all slaves are property; not citizens. US couldn't prohibit slavery
68. Presidential
No revenge on the South; lenient policy after Civil War
Reconstruction
69. Radical
Tried to punish the South after Civil War; get revenge
Republican
Reconstruction
70. Freedman's
Bureau
Sought to help former slaves and poor whites after the Civil War
71. Civil Rights
13th, 14th and 15th Amendments
Amendments
72. 13th Amendment
Outlawed slavery
73. 14th Amendment
Gave anyone born in America equal citizenship
74. 15th Amendment
Voting rights for ALL males regardless of color
75. John D.
Founder of Standard Oil
Rockefeller
76. Andrew Carnegie
Founder of Carnegie Steel
77. Transcontinental
Railroad from the east to the west coast of the US
Railroad
78. Thomas Edison
America's greatest inventor-light bulb, phonograph, motion picture
79. Robber Baron
Rich businessman who put other companies out of business
80. Chinese
Immigrants who worked on railroads on the west coast
81. Trust
One company dominates the industry
82. Ellis Island
Location of immigrant inspection in N.Y.
83. Wounded Knee
Location of Indian massacre by US troops
84. Sitting Bull
Leader of Dakota Sioux Indians; defeated Custer at Little Bighorn
85. Samuel Gompers
Labor leader; head of AFL (American Federation of Labor)
86. Upton Sinclair
Muckraker who wrote "The Jungle" exposing meat packing plants
87. Muckrakers
Journalists who exposed corruption
88. Jane Addams
Reformer who established Hull House for the poor
89. Jim Crow laws
"Separate but Equal"/unfair laws
90. Plessy v Ferguson
Court case that established "separate but equal" laws
91. Theodore
Great US president who established national parks and conservation
Roosevelt
92. Spanish-
War w/ Spain; US gained Puerto Rico, Philippines, Cuba
American War
93. Panama Canal
Allowed ships to pass from Atlantic to Pacific oceans
94. Roosevelt
US has the right to intervene in Latin American affairs
Corollary
95. Chinese Exclusion
Banned all Chinese immigrants
Act
96. Neutrality
US policy at outbreak of WW1
97. Reasons US
German unrestricted sub warfare; Zimmerman note
entered WWI
98. League of Nations
International peacekeeping organization; US failed to join
99. Fourteen Points
Wilson's plan for international peace after WWI
100.
Mass movement of blacks to the north looking for work
Great
Migration
101.
18th
Outlawed alcohol (prohibition)
Amendment
102.
19th
Gave women the right to vote (suffrage)
Amendment
103.
Red Scare
Fear of communism in America
104.
Henry
Inventor of Model T automobile and mass production/assembly line
Ford
105.
radio/movies
America's main forms of entertainment during the 20's-30's
106.
Flowering of Africa American art/achievement (Langston Hughes, Louis
Harlem
Renaissance
107.
Causes of
Armstrong, etc)
Overproduction, Underconsumption, stock market speculation
Great Depression
108.
Dust Bowl
Caused by over farming in 1930s
109.
Hoovervilles
Makeshift shacks where those suffering from the depression lived
110.
Stock Market Crash
Black
Tuesday
111.
New Deal
FDR's series of programs to end the Depression
112.
TVA
Tennessee Valley Authority-built dams and power plants
113.
Social
Gave insurance/benefits to retired persons over age 65
Security Act
114.
Wagner
Protected the rights of workers/union members
Neutrality
Made it illegal to sell weapons or make loans to nations at war
Eleanor
FDR's "eyes and Ears"; she was a great inspiration to millions
Act
115.
Act
116.
Roosevelt
117.
Court
FDR's failed plan to pack the court with hand picked judges
Packing plan
118.
A. Philip
Proposed to march on Washington for civil rights for blacks in US
Randolph
119.
Pearl
Harbor
120.
December 7, 1941; Japanese attack on America; reason for US entry into
WWII
Lend-
US policy to lend weapons to Allied nations during WWII
Lease Program
121.
Internment camps
Where Japanese Americans were placed after Pearl Harbor attack
122.
Battle of
Turning point battle in the Pacific against Japan
D-Day
Largest Allied invasion force in history; goal to regain France
Midway
123.
124.
Manhattan Project
Code-name of atomic bomb project
125.
Marshall
US plan to rebuild Europe after WWII by donating billions of dollars
Truman
Policy to help any country fight against communism
Plan
126.
Doctrine
127.
Korean
North vs. South Korea; ended in a stalemate at the 38th parallel
War
128.
Joseph
McCarthy
129.
He led communist "witch hunts" during second Red Scare; accused many
innocent Americans
Bay of
Failed US attempt to overthrow Castro; disaster for US
Cuban
Near nuclear war with Cuba/Russia; Cuban nukes pointed at US
Pigs
130.
Missile Crisis
131.
Vietnam
War
132.
War fought in Vietnam; US helped South Vietnam vs. communist North
Vietnam
Tet
Largest North Vietnamese (Vietcong) invasion of the Vietnam War
Offensive
133.
Containment
US policy to stop the spread of communism
134.
Baby
Huge growth of population after WWII
135.
Levittown
Mass produced homes/planned communities for cheap
136.
Interstate
National network of highways connecting US cities
Boom
Highway Act
137.
Sputnik
First satellite in space launched by Russia
138.
Impact of
It influenced American viewers on politics, civil rights etc.
Brown v
Outlawed segregation in schools; overturned Plessy vs. Ferguson
MLK's
"I Have a Dream"
TV
139.
Board
140.
Speech
141.
Civil
Outlawed discrimination based on race, gender, religion
Rights Act 1964
142.
Voting
Outlawed literacy tests for voting
Rights Act 1965
143.
Harry
President who integrated he army; huge step for Civil Rights Movement
Truman
144.
Warren
Court
145.
Great
Society
146.
LBJ's program to end poverty/discrimination-(Medicare, Welfare, Civil
Rights Act 1964)
Miranda
Rights
147.
Became famous for landmark decisions such as Brown v. Board, Miranda
v. Arizona, etc.
Law that police must read suspects their constitutional rights upon
arrest
SCLC
An organization formed in 1957 by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and other
leaders to work for civil rights through nonviolent means
148.
Rachel
Carson
149.
Environmentalist who wrote "Silent Spring" criticizing
pesticides/pollution
Cesar
Chavez
Co-founder of the United Farm Workers Organizing Committee, a labor
union formed to seek higher wages and better working conditions for
Mexican-American farm workers in California
150.
Richard
Nixon
151.
Conservative movement president; wanted to reform Great Society
programs; elected in 1968
NOW
This organization was formed in 1966 to pursue feminist goals such as
better childcare facilities, improved educational opportunities, and an
end to job discrimination
152.
Watergate
Scandal
153.
cover attempted burglary
Roe v
Wade
154.
Result of break-in committed by Nixon's administration; goal was to
Supreme Court decision which gave women the right to choose if they
want an abortion
Camp
Peace agreement between Israel and Egypt led by Jimmy Carter at Camp
David Accords
155.
Iran
David
Lasted 444 days; US hostages finally released by Iranian radicals
Hostage Crisis
156.
Reaganomics
Reagan's economic policy; tax cuts, arms build up, budget cuts
157.
Trade Agreement established by Clinton administration between US,
NAFTA
Canada and Mexico
158.
Bill
Clinton
159.
2000
election
160.
Second president to suffer impeachment for perjury and obstruction of
justice
Bush v. Gore, very controversial-Bush won (lost popular vote, won
electoral vote)
9/11
Terrorist attacks on US soil (World Trade Center, Pentagon)