Chapter 34 – Campbell 7th – Vertebrates
Note: Remember the diversity unit of the course wants you to have a general
understanding of what these organisms are and where they fit with all the other living
organisms. One should also be aware of the variety of organisms and the basic
processes of these organisms. Organs system comparison of through the vertebrates
was covered in other chapters dealing with specific systems. Be aware of where these
organisms fit in the classification system studied in Chapter 32. Much of this should
have been covered in previous biology courses. This is a big chapter but there is only
a small component we will be studying due to time restrictions. Much is covered in
other chapters.
1. Be able to identify the basic characteristics common to vertebrates,
2. Be able to generally describe a tunicate.
3. What is a craniate and of what importance is the neural crest in craniates?
At this point in the chapter there is a large section on sharks and fish. Generally know the
difference between the two groups but that is all. Their structures were mostly covered in
other chapters.
4. What is an amniote?.
5. What are the extraembryonic membranes in the amniote egg and why are they needed?
6. Form and function are necessary to facilitate bird flight. Identify some of the adaptations in
avian structures that allow birds to fly.
7. What is the difference between a monotreme and a marsupial?.
8. What is a eutherian and what might be found in this group of organisms?.
The Big Picture – Putting the Pieces Together and Making Connections
• The main thing to look at in this chapter is to know the basic members of this
phylum. Tunicates, sharks, rays, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals
are in this grouping for a reason. Be able to explain these reasons.
• Amniote egg development and the embryonic membranes could be connected
to fetal development in humans as a comparison question.
• The evolution of animal structures can be demonstrated through comparisons
of the systems in the previous point. Be aware of the coelomic development
found in each phylum and the type of symmetry in each. (Important)
***Please note the above big picture points are not made to make you study more.
You just have to take what you have learned and make the connections!!
Horton AP Biology
Campbell 7th Edition