Being Seen Is What Counts
Caterpillar Confidential: Green
CAT GLOBAL MINING
1
Operator Decisions are Based On
Vision- Site and Camera Screens
Audibale Warnings
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Using Science In Machine Design
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Science Meets Design and Build
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/ Caterpillar Confidential: YELLOW / WHEREVER THERE’S MINING
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Vision
Vision
• Large Off-Highway Trucks
– Four cameras
– Front, sides & rear of
machine
• Small Off-Highway Trucks
– Two to four cameras
– Front & rear of machine
– Front, sides & rear of
machine
• Auxiliary Machines
– Single camera at rear of
machine
• In-Cab Display
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Rear View Camera R3000 LHD
• Provides a color camera to show the view
behind the machine and enhance the
operator's visibility of their surroundings.
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Object Detection
Object Detection Overview
• Safety is #1
– Helps prevent collisions,
damage to assets & work site
injuries
•
Cameras + Radar
– Combined systems detect
nearby objects & enable
quick operator assessment
•
Audible & Visual Alerts
– Increased awareness of the
working environment
enhances site safety
•
Scalable Technology
– Configurable for a
variety of machines &
applications
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Object Detection Components
• Touch-Screen Display
–
–
–
–
6.5”, 640 X 480
Four video inputs
NTSC format
Integrated audible alarm
• Radars
– Medium range
– 24GHz UWB
• Cameras
– 115° viewing angle
– 24V, NTSC format
Note: The number of cameras and radars varies based on machine model to provide optimal coverage.
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Radar Technology
• Robust & Mature
Technology
• Self-Contained
• Range Fits Applications
• Resistant to Rain,
Snow, Fog & Dust
• RFID Tags Not
Required
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Proximity Warnings
Five Proximity Warning Levels
•
•
•
•
•
Level One
Level Two
Level Three
Critical Zone Warning
Stop Zone Warning
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Configurations
777F
4
Radars
993K – 3 Radars
988H – 1 Radar
785D – 8 Radar
16M – 2 Radars
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Proximity Awareness
Proximity Awareness
A GNSS based system which tracks machines and light vehicles, allowing
operators to view other machine locations and provides proximity based
alarming.
AMP
Machines send their position
to office over Wireless
Network.
AMP
AMP
Pos.
Pos.
Office compiles position data
of all machines and
broadcasts out via a All
Machine Position message
Pos.
Pos.
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System Components
• Interface Module
• GNSS Receiver
– Accurate to ~1 meter
• Wireless Communication
– 802.11 or 802.16 IP network
– Support UDP and multicasting
– Fast roaming
• On-board software
– Merges Object Detection & Proximity
Awareness
• Detect office software
– Management of the Proximity
Awareness system through system
administration functions such as
managing machines, operators,
messaging, zones and file updates.
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OFFICE SOFTWARE
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Machine Class Measure Up
Attributes
• Origin Points & Offsets
• Body Area
• Avoidance Area
• Path Region
• Scalar Value
• Used for projected
path of travel
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Site Map
Layering
• Machines
• Zones
• Background
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Zone Attributes
Attributes
• Name
• Speed Limit
• Display Color
• Entry message
• Exit Message
• Avoidance Zone
• Notify on Entry (office)
• Notify on Exit (office)
* Define by Machine Class
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On-board
Operator Login
Mayday
Hazard
Status Bar
Status Bar indicates:
• Radar Status
• Speed Limit Warning
• Avoidance Zone Warning
• Proximity Warning
• GPS & Communications Status
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Low Priority Proximity Alarms
The lowest priority
proximity alarm is
generated when the path
projection regions of two
machines intersect.
The path projection
region (1) appears on the
plan view, a proximity
alarm icon appears in the
bottom right corner (2),
and a single beep is
sounded.
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High Priority Proximity Alarms
An escalation to a high
priority proximity alarm
occurs when the
avoidance area and body
area of two machines
intersect.
The path projection
region (1) appears on the
plan view, a proximity
alarm icon appears in the
bottom right corner (2),
and a solid tone is
sounded.
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Critical Priority Proximity Alarms
An escalation to a critical
priority alarm occurs
when body areas of two
machines intersect.
The path projection
region appears on the
plan view, a proximity
alarm icon appears in the
bottom right corner, and a
solid tone is sounded.
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Incidents
Capture:
• Object Detection alarms
• Proximity alarms (any)
• Speeding alarms
• Avoidance Zone entry
• Enters Notify on Entry Zone
• Exits Notify on Exit Zone
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Playback
Playback bar at the bottom of the Incident Map allows for Play, Pause, and
Scroll through all machines locations leading up to and after an Incident.
Information such as operator, position and event are also available.
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Be Seen
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What Fatigue Accidents Look Like
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“Effectively controlling
fatigue and distraction forms
the biggest single
opportunity to reduce
serious incidents, injuries
and fatalities in mobile fleets
at our sites.”
(CAT Global Mining customer)
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Common Industry Mitigation Attempts
• Scheduling + rostering, operator education, fitness-forduty testing...
• Ultimately, operators are expected to manage their own
fatigue, aka lots of caffeine!
• Problem: Fatigue makes it very difficult for operator to
make critical assessment of their own condition
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Driver Safety System (DSS) Fatigue Monitoring System
• Camera based: non-contact, non-intrusive
sensor
• Measures eyelid closure
• Measures head orientation
• Discrete, Verifiable Events
Event Types Detected
Fatigue events:
• Eyes closed (duration > 1.5sec)
• Machine in motion (speed > 4mph)
Distraction events:
• Look away from road (duration > 4.5sec)
• Machine in motion (speed > 10mph)
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What Fatigue Looks Like to the DSS
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Being Seen Is What Counts
Thank You
Caterpillar Confidential: Green
CAT GLOBAL MINING
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