CASPERSENT
Software for
Computer-Assisted Speech PERception testing and training
at the SENTence-level (with the Fo-only option)
by Arthur Boothroyd
Version 3.4 July 2006
Development of this program was supported by the
Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center (RERC)
of Gallaudet University
under grant #H1343E98 from the
National Institute of Disability Rehabilitation and Research (NIDRR).
This software is provided for research and evaluation purposes only. It has not
yet been standardized or validated, either as a test or as a training tool.
This software is protected by Copyright and may not be copied, sold, or
distributed without permission.
CASPERSENT 3.4
Contents
Description..................................................................................... 2
Program structure .......................................................................... 3
The Opening page ......................................................................... 4
Hardware setup ............................................................................. 5
Sound option 1 ........................................................................... 5
Sound option 2 ........................................................................... 6
Sound option 3 ........................................................................... 7
The Setup page ........................................................................... 10
The Training/Testing page ........................................................... 13
Data retrieval and display ............................................................ 19
Graphs and Means of selected data ............................................ 22
Bibliography ................................................................................. 24
Appendix A: CUNY topic-related sentence sets........................... 25
Figures
1. Program structure..............................................................................................3
2. The opening (or ‘Home’) page. .........................................................................4
3. Self-scoring with a lap-top computer and amplified loudspeaker .....................5
4. Clinician-scoring with audiometer and headphones .........................................6
5. Clinician-scoring with sound-field audiometer...................................................7
6. Helper-scoring with a lap-top computer and amplified speaker........................8
7. A visual mask to be used when a helper or clinician scores responses ...........9
8. The SETUP page ............................................................................................10
9. Entering the name of a new subject................................................................11
10. The training/testing page...............................................................................13
11. Training/testing page with video image.........................................................15
12. Training/testing page after presentation of a sentence when self-scoring....17
13. Printout of training/testing page ....................................................................18
14. Data-retrieval page........................................................................................19
15. Graphs of selected data ................................................................................22
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CASPERSENT 3.4
Description
This program is designed for the evaluation of auditory, visual and auditoryvisual speech perception performance at the sentence level. It is also
designed to facilitate the improvement of speech perception skills. Version 3.0
includes the option of severely low-pass filtered speech (Fo-only) instead of
the full audio signal, for talker T1. This option may be used for demonstrating
the synergistic effects of lipreading and limited hearing to students, clinicians,
or significant others. Two other talkers are also available, filmed at 0, 45, and
90 degrees azimuth.
In both testing and training applications, there are two basic modes of
operation:
i) Self-scoring: The subject first repeats a sentence and then clicks a button to
reveal the text of that sentence. Performance is self-scored by clicking on the
words that were correctly repeated. The sentence may then be repeated
before moving on to the next.
ii) Other-assisted: The subject repeats a sentence and the clinician or helper is
shown the text of the sentence. Performance is, again, scored by clicking on
the words correct but the subject is now shown the text of the correct words,
with dashes to indicate the position and length of words not yet recognized.
The subject is then given a second try while focusing attention on those words
still to be recognized. After the second try, the subject is shown the full text
with the option to repeat the sentence before moving on to the next one.
Other options under other-assisted operation are to withhold feedback and to
simply provide full text after the first repetition. These options are provided for
users who wish to study the effects of feedback type.
Under normal conditions, it is intended that the subject be shown the topic of
each sentence before attempting to repeat it. Information on topic can,
however, be withheld. This option is provided for users who wish to study the
effects of topic knowledge either generally, or for individual subjects.
This program is an update and extension of software originally developed by
Eddy Yeung at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York. The
original operated under the DOS operating system and controlled test
materials on laser video disks. The current version operates under Windows
and controls test materials on CD-ROM, DVD, or the computer’s hard drove.
The test materials are the CUNY topic-related sentence sets. The purpose of
these materials is to provide a means of assessing the probability of word
recognition under conditions that simulate conversation - using hearing,
lipreading, or a combination of the two. The materials were developed by
Theresa Hnath-Chisolm and Laurie Hanin during two NIH-funded projects, one
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dealing with the rehabilitation of adult cochlear implant recipients, the other
with the development of tactile supplements to lipreading. These projects were
part of program-project grant #PO1NS17764 to the Graduate Center of the
City University of New York (Program director Harry Levitt).
Several criteria were followed in developing these materials:
1. There should be many sets - so that repetition could be avoided in longterm learning studies.
2. The content should be typical of everyday exchanges between adults confirmed by the reviewing of candidate sentences by at least three
independent judges.
3. Sentence length should vary uniformly within a set from three through 14
words - so that sentence length could be examined as an independent
variable.
4. The resulting 12 sentences in a set should be about 12 identifiable topics.
The topics chosen were Food, Family, Work, Clothes, Animals and Pets,
Homes, Sports and Hobbies, Weather, Health, Seasons and Holidays,
Money, and Music. These topics should remain constant from list to list.
The purpose of this criterion was to simulate conversation, in which the
topic of the sentence to be perceived is usually known.
5. Within each set, there should be four statements, four commands, and
four questions - so that sentence-type could be examined as an
independent variable.
6. Sentence length, sentence type and topic should be counterbalanced
across sets, as far as possible.
7. The talker on the original recording of these materials was Nancy Plant.
These original recordings have been edited for use in the present
program. Two other talkers have been added. One purpose of having
multiple talkers is to permit studies of such things as talker differences
and the carry-over of learning.
Some publications using these materials are listed at the end of this manual. A
listing of the sentence sets appears as an Appendix to this manual.
Figure 1 shows the basic structure of the program.
Opening Page
Hardware setup
Testing setup
Testing
Figure 1. Program structure
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Data retrieval
Graphs & means
Figure 2. The opening (or ‘Home’) page.
The opening page
Help: For help on a specific object, RIGHT CLICK on that object. The help text can be moved
by dragging with the left mouse button. It can be closed by:
1. Clicking on it with the left mouse button.
2. Clicking on it with the right mouse button.
3. Clicking on "Hide Help"
-
This button allows you to hide the page without leaving the program.
Exit or X: To leave the program:
- click on this button
- Click on X at top right, or
- hit “Esc.”
See notes on hardware setup: This button takes you to a page that explains the various
hardware setup possibilities for using CASPERSENT.
Play Calibration tone: The calibration tone is a 1000 Hz warble tone whose rms level is 5 dB
above the long-term average level (leq) of the test stimuli. This value corresponds with the 95th
percentile of the rms amplitude distribution of the test stimuli when measured over a 100 msec
window.
Data retrieval: Click here to retrieve previously logged data.
Prepare for testing or training: Click here to move to the SETUP page in preparation for
testing or training.
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Figure 3. Self-scoring with a lap-top computer and amplified loudspeaker
Hardware Setup
Help: For help on a specific object, RIGHT CLICK on that object. The help text can be moved by
dragging with the left mouse button. It can be closed by:
1. Clicking on it with the left mouse button.
2. Clicking on it with the right mouse button.
3. Clicking on "Hide Help"
-
This button allows you to hide the page without leaving the program.
You may leave the program by:
- clicking Exit
- clicking X at top right
- Hitting Esc.
Home: Returns you to the title page.
Print: If you click this button while Help is being displayed, the whole Help text will be printed as
two pages.
Sound options: Assuming that sound is to be used, either alone, or in combination with
lipreading, there are several options:
Sound options
1. Amplified loudspeaker
The computer's sound output can be connected to a loudspeaker with a built-in amplifier. If
using a desk-top computer, such an arrangement is probably already present, with stereo
speakers to handle mid and high frequencies and, possibly, a "woofer" to handle lower
frequencies. If using a lap-top computer, amplified loudspeakers will already be installed. In
both cases, however, there is no guarantee of sound quality. It is, therefore, advisable to add a
good quality amplified loudspeaker such as the MA12C monitor speaker from Roland. The tone
controls should be adjusted to give a 'flat' frequency response and the output adjusted to give
conversational level at the listener's ear or the microphone of the hearing aid or cochlear
X or Exit:
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implant. If the software is being used for evaluation and training under everyday conditions, the
amplified loudspeaker is the preferred alternative. If, however, it is being used in an audiology
clinic, it may be more convenient to use an existing sound-field audiometer.
Figure 4. Clinician-scoring with audiometer and headphones
Sound options
2. Headphones
A second alternative is to present sound under high-quality headphones. These can be driven
directly from the sound output of the computer (for persons with normal hearing or a mild
hearing loss) or from the output of an external amplifier or audiometer. The suitability of the
headphone option will depend on the degree of hearing loss. If the goal is to provide evaluation
and training when using sensory assistance, the headphone alternative is, clearly, not suitable.
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Figure 5. Clinician-scoring with sound-field audiometer.
Sound options
3. Sound-field Audiometer (or other amplifier)
Whether testing under headphones or in the sound-field, it is also possible to use an external
amplifier. In the audiology clinic, the audiometer can serve in that capacity with the added
benefit of calibrated output levels.
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Figure 6. Helper-scoring with a lap-top computer and amplified speaker.
Scorer options
One purpose of this software is to provide the opportunity for independent practice and selfevaluation. The user then has two options - self-scoring or scoring by another person. The
advantage of self-scoring is that it offers the most independence. The disadvantage is that the
feedback option is limited to full text presentation with the opportunity for repetition. Using a
spouse, partner, or other helper as scorer reduces independence but provides the opportunity
for graded feedback in the form of words correctly perceived followed by an opportunity to try
again, while focusing on the words not yet recognized.
Clinician or helper
If the software is being used independently, for example, at home, the 'other' scorer can be a
spouse, partner, or other helper. This permits use of the 'words correct and second try' protocol
which is designed for optimal learning. All that is required of the helper is to indicate which
words were correctly repeated after each sentence is presented. If, however, the software is
being used in a clinical setting, then the 'other' scorer will most likely be a trained clinician. This
is especially important if an audiometer is being used to test either under headphones or in the
sound-field.
DVD
The CUNY sentence recordings are contained on one or more DVDs. One of these DVDs must
be in the computer's DVD drive. Each sentence is transferred to the computer's hard drive for
presentation, and then erased when it is no longer required. The purpose of this arrangement
is to minimize the memory and speed requirements of the computer. If, however, space is no
problem, the CASPERSENTstim directory can be copied to the computer’s hard drive.
Computer
The illustrations used here show a portable computer but the software can also be used on a
desk-top system. Either system is immediately usable under the self-scoring option. The
portable computer, however, is automatically capable of driving a slave monitor. If 'other'
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scoring is to be used with a desk-top computer there are three options. One is to purchase a
switch box that allows the graphic output to be supplied to two monitors. A second, if available,
is to use the digital graphic output for one monitor and the analog output for the other. A third
option is to install a second graphics card to drive the second monitor.
Slave monitor
When 'other' scoring is used, the subject observes the stimuli on a slave monitor. This monitor
displays exactly what is on the monitor of the computer.
Visual mask
Because the slave monitor shows exactly what is on the main monitor, a mask must be used to
limit the subject's view to the 'stage' in which the video clips are played, plus the area above the
stage in which the score is displayed after a sentence set is completed.
Figure 7. A visual mask to be used when a helper or clinician scores responses
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Figure 8. The SETUP page
Setup
X or Exit
You may leave the program by:
- clicking Exit
- clicking X at top right
- Hitting Esc.
Home
Returns you to the title page.
Help
For help on a specific object, RIGHT CLICK on that object. The help text can be moved by
dragging with the left mouse button. It can be closed by:
1. Clicking on it with the left mouse button.
2. Clicking on it with the right mouse button.
3. Clicking on "Hide Help"
This button allows you to hide the page without leaving the program.
Continue
Select ‘Continue’ when you have completed entry of Subject, Scorer, the Directory to which
you wish to save data and the Drive that contains the test recordings.
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Subject
You cannot enter a name directly in this field. Instead you must click on "Select existing subject"
or "Enter new subject"
Select Existing Subject
This option ensures that data for an existing subject will be appended to the existing file.
Enter new subject
When you click here, you will be asked for both a first name and a last name. If one is omitted,
'No' or 'Name' will be added automatically. You may also enter an ID code instead of a name.
OK (Figure 9)
Click here to complete entry of a new subject name. If the name already exists, you will be
asked to change it or to use "Select existing subject"
Figure 9. Entering the name of a new subject.
Scorer
If the program is not to be used for self-testing, click on this space to enter the name, initials, or
ID of the person who will score the subject's responses.
Self
Check this button if the program is to be used for self-testing or self-training.
Location of Saved Data
When you specify a new subject, you must also specify the drive to which the data will be
saved. The directory on this drive is always called 'CASPERSENTdata'. If it does not exist, it
will be created automatically. If you selected an existing subject, the data drive is already
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known and cannot be changed. If you want to move an existing subject's data to a different
directory, you must first use Explorer in Windows.
Refresh data list
If you add a storage device (for example a USB memory stick), click "Refresh data list" to add
the new drive to the list of possible storage locations.
Location of Video Files
Because of space restrictions, it may not be practicable to download the complete set of video
files to the hard drive. Instead, they are downloaded one-at-a-time, as needed. The software
will look for potential DVD drives on your computer and determine whether one of the
CASPERSENT DVDs is loaded. You may also choose to download the CASPERSENTstim
directory from DVD to the hard drive in order to avoid the small delays associated with file
retrieval.
Available Talkers
Recordings of three talkers are available:
T1 = woman at 0 degrees azimuth with the option of fundamental frequency only on the sound
track.
T2 = woman at 0, 45, and 90 degrees azimuth.
T3 = man at 0, 45, and 90 degrees azimuth.
This box shows which talkers are available on the selected drive.
For each talker/condition there are 720 video files (60 sets x 12 sentences). These files must
be in subdirectories called CU10, CU20, CU24, CU29, CU30, CU34, and CU39 within a
directory called CasperSentStim. CasperSentStim can be on any of the drives on your
computer. The subdirectory CU10 contains a sub-subdirectory called “Fo only”.
Refresh video list
If you insert the DVD containing the desired stimulus files after entering this page, click
"Refresh video list" in order to add the new location to the list of possible locations.
Listening Conditions
If presenting by hearing alone or by hearing plus lipreading, listening conditions and decibel
levels may be selected from the dropdown lists, or entered by hand. Note that the software
only uses this information for data logging. These entries have no effect on the operation of the
program.
Play Calibration Tone
The calibration tone is a 1000 Hz warble tone whose rms level is 5 dB above the long-term
average level (leq) of the test stimuli.
Restore Defaults
The program will remember your preferences between sessions. Use the ‘Restore defaults’
button if you wish to restore the system to its default preferences.
Continue
Select ‘Continue’ when you have completed entry of Subject, Scorer, the Directory to which you
wish to save data and the Drive that contains the test recordings.
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Figure 10. The training/testing page
The training/testing page
Help
For help on a specific object, RIGHT CLICK on that object. The help text can be moved by
dragging with the left mouse button. It can be closed by:
1. Clicking on it with the left mouse button.
2. Clicking on it with the right mouse button.
3. Clicking on "Hide Help"
Home: Returns you to the title page.
-
This button allows you to hide the page without leaving the program.
X or Exit:
You may leave the program by:
- clicking Exit
- clicking X at top right
- Hitting Esc.
Sentence set: There are 60 sets of sentences in the CUNY materials. Sentence sets 1 through
30 may be selected in the first Sentence Set column. Sentence sets 31-60 may be selected in
the second column. If using the Fo-only option talker T1 only), you are limited to 54 sets.
Presentation mode: Select the mode of presentation of the sentences here. If selecting "Video"
does not turn off the audio track, it means that the software is unable to communicate with the
media playback on your computer system. This problem may be resolved by selecting Video
here and then muting the audio with the volume control manually, either on your computer or
on your amplification system.
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Audio
If using talker T1 in the Audio-only or Audio-Visual (Both) mode, you have the option, here, of
selecting the Full audio signal or a severely low-pass filtered signal consisting mainly of voice
fundamental frequency (Fo only). The second option is provided mainly for demonstration of
the synergistic effects of lipreading and very limited hearing. This may be useful in coursework
- or in demonstrating, to clinicians or significant others, the benefits of combining lipreading and
poor hearing.
Angle in degrees
If using talkers T2 or T3, in either Visual-only or Audio-Visual (AV) mode, you have a choice of
three viewing angles.
Feedback
Feedback refers to the information provided to the subject after he or she has attempted to
repeat a sentence. There are three options:
None
The subject receives no feedback about the accuracy of his or her repetition but simply moves
on to the next sentence.
Full text
The subject is shown the full text of the sentence. If the response was not completely correct,
the sentence is automatically repeated. Regardless of accuracy, the sentence can also be
replayed as many times as is required before moving on to the next sentence. If the program is
being used for self-testing or self-training, "Full text" is the only feedback option available.
Partial feedback and second try
The subject is shown only the words that were correct in his or her repetition. The missing
words are indicated by dashes (one dash for each letter). The sentence is then repeated allowing the subject to focus on those words that were not recognized at the first presentation.
After any additional words are scored, the full sentence text is shown. Regardless of accuracy,
the sentence can also be replayed as many times as is required before moving on to the next
sentence. "Partial feedback and second try" is the only feedback option that incorporates
aspects of the "Tracking" procedure.
Topic
Each of the twelve sentences in a set is about one of twelve topics. These topics are the same
for each set. You may elect to show or withhold the topic of a sentence before it is presented.
Note that showing the topic increases the face validity of the test scores as a measure of
receptive ability during conversation. Withholding topic has been shown to decrease
performance under difficult listening conditions.
Subject
The subject name is shown here but cannot be changed on this page. To enter a new subject
name, return to the opening page and then click on "Prepare for testing"
Scorer
The identity of the scorer is shown here but cannot be changed on this page. To enter a new
scorer ID, return to the opening page and then click on "Prepare for testing". If self-scoring is
required, this, also, must be selected on the setup page.
Scores
This table shows the number of words correct in each sentence, together with sentence length.
At the right, the total number of correct words is show and this number is converted to a
percentage. If "Correct words and second try" is selected as the feedback option, the total
number of words recognized after the second try is also shown. (see Figure 11).
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Hide Scores: Click this button if you need to hide (or show) the table of scores during testing
Show selected sentence set: Click this button if you want to show (or hide) the text of the
sentence set that is currently being used.
Stage
Current Topic
Figure 11. Training/testing page with video image
Stage
When "Video" or "Both" is selected under presentation mode, the video image is shown in the
"Stage"
Current topic
This area is used for two purposes:
1. To inform the subject about the topic of the current sentence.
2. To show the text of that sentence to the subject.
Hide Scores
Click this button if you need to hide (or show) the table of scores during testing
Show selected sentence set
Click this button if you want to show (or hide) the text of the sentence set that is currently being
used.
Show scoring instructions
This button is available to remind the scorer about the techniques for scoring a response.
Specifically:
1. Scoring by mouse
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Click on the words that were correct to highlight them in red (or to cancel the highlight). Then
click on "Enter".
2. Scoring by keyboard
Highlight (in red) the words that were correct by hitting the corresponding numbers. Then: hit
"E" for Enter, or hit the Enter key or the space bar.
When scoring by keyboard, numbers greater than 9 must be entered without a significant delay
between "1" and the second digit. If you need to select "1", pause briefly after that key is hit.
3. Lax scoring
You may ignore errors of tense or number. If the subject contracts two words (e.g., "don't" for "do
not"), score both words as correct.
Similarly, if the subject expands a contraction (e.g., "is not" for "isn't"), score that word as correct.
Begin
Click here to begin presentation of a sentence set
Quit
Use this button if you need to end a test before all twelve sentences have been presented.
Note that it only ends the session. It does not exit the program. You will be given the option to
save data for the incomplete set.
Repeat
You may repeat the current sentence in the event that the subject was distracted or if your
protocol calls for two presentations before a response. (In the latter case, you should enter a
note to this effect when the data are being saved).
Enter
The data for the current sentence will not be logged until the "Enter" button is clicked.
Next
- retrieves the next sentence in the set from the DVD drive and plays it.
Play again
This button provides the opportunity to repeat the last sentence as often as is needed, before
moving on to the next.
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Figure 12. Training/testing page after presentation of a sentence when self-scoring
Show the text (see figure 12): When self-testing, this button must be clicked to reveal the text of
the current sentence. It is crucial that the subject repeat as much of the sentence as possible
before revealing the text for scoring. The scoring must then be based, honestly, on the words
that were correctly repeated - not on the words that the subject now believes were recognized
once their identity is known.
Text (see figure 11): The text of the current sentence is shown in the text box for purposes of
scoring the subject's response. Clicking on a word (or hitting its number on the keyboard)
toggles its color between red (word correct) and white (word missed or incorrect). "All" (or "A"
on the keyboard) and "None" ("N" on the keyboard) may be used to select all the words or
none of the words. Once the correct words have been highlighted, you must click or hit "Enter"
to record the score.
When using the "Partial and 2nd try" feedback option, the words highlighted in red after the first
try will be changed to yellow after the second try so that further scoring is limited to the
previously unrecognized words.
Note that, if scoring by keyboard, numbers greater than 9 must be entered without a
significant delay between "1" and the second digit. If you need to select "1", pause
briefly after that key is hit.
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Print this page: You have the option to make a hard copy of the results after each sentence set
- as a precaution in the event of lost data. Note, however, that the printout will show only the
number of words correct - not the identity of those words (see figure 13).
Figure 13. Printout of training/testing page
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Figure 14. Data-retrieval page
Data retrieval
Help
For help on a specific object, RIGHT CLICK on that object. The help text can be moved by
dragging with the left mouse button. It can be closed by:
1. Clicking on it with the left mouse button.
2. Clicking on it with the right mouse button.
3. Clicking on "Hide Help"
This button allows you to hide the page without leaving the program.
Exit or X
To leave the program:
- click on Exit
- Click on X at top right, or
- hit “Esc.”
Home
- returns you to the title page
Select all
This button allows you to select or deselect all of the displayed records for subsequent graphing
and/or averaging. If you select all records with this button, details for the last record on the page
will be shown at right.
Show graphs: Click this button to graph data from the selected records.
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Print this page
If you do not want to print the details shown at right, deselect all records before printing.
Open file
Click here to display available files. If the desired file is not on the C:\ drive, you may navigate to
it.
Subject
The subject's name is shown but cannot be changed here. To change subject, use the "open
file" option.
#
The first column shows the record number.
Date and Time
- self-explanatory
Mode
Presentation mode is shown in this column:
V = Visual, i.e., lipreading only
A = Auditory, i.e., listening to the Full audio signal
AV = Audio-Visual, i.e., lipreading and the Full Audio signal combined
F = Auditory using Fo only.
FV = Audio-Visual, i.e., lipreading plus the Fo-only signal
If the mode is A, F, AV, or FV, holding the mouse over it will show the listening conditions.
Feedback
There are three options for feedback to the subject:
None - the subject receives no information about either his performance or the text of the
sentence but simply moves on to the next sentence.
Full text - the subject is shown the full text of the sentence just presented and, if his score was
not perfect, the sentence is presented again. This is the only option for self-scoring.
Correct Words and 2nd try - after the first try, the subject is shown the words he repeated
correctly, together with dashes for the missed words. He then has a second try, after which he
is shown the full text of the sentence.
Scorer
This column shows the ID of the scorer as entered on the setup page. "Self" indicates that selfscoring was used. If the scorer ID is more than 4 characters, holding the mouse over it will show
the full text.
Topic
Yes indicates that the sentence topic was shown to the subject before the sentence was
presented
No indicates that the topic was withheld.
Set
- shows the sentence set on which this score was based.
Talker
- shows the talker ID and viewing angle.
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N
A '12' in this column indicates that all twelve sentences in the set were presented. Anything less
than twelve indicates that the test was terminated before all twelve sentences were presented.
Care should be exercised when selecting partial data for averaging and/or graphing.
%a
This column shows the percentage of words correctly recognized after the first (or only)
presentation.
%b
This column shows the total percentage of words recognized after the second presentation
when using "correct words and 2nd try" as the feedback mode.
Sentences
This table provides details of the most recently selected record. The text of the sentences
presented is shown in full. When using no feedback or "full text" as the feedback mode, the
words correct are highlighted in red. When using "correct words and 2nd try" as the feedback
mode, words correct at the first try are highlighted in yellow and words correct at the second try
are highlighted in red. Summary data are added after the sentences. The table below shows the
scores in numeric form.
Table2
The table at the bottom of the page shows the number of words correct in each sentence (after
both the first and second presentations if using "words correct and 2nd try" as the feedback
mode). Totals are shown at the bottom.
Graph
The graph provides a visual display of the subject's score on each sentence. The sentences are
arranged in order of ascending length to give an impression of the effect of sentence length on
performance.
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Figure 15. Graphs of selected data
Graphs and Means
Help
For help on a specific object, RIGHT CLICK on that object. The help text can be moved by
dragging with the left mouse button. It can be closed by:
1. Clicking on it with the left mouse button.
2. Clicking on it with the right mouse button.
3. Clicking on "Hide Help"
This button allows you to hide the page without leaving the program.
Exit
X
To leave the program:
- click on Exit
- Click on X at top right, or
- hit “Esc.”
Home
- returns you to the title page
Return to data
- returns you to the data page where you can change the selected records. In particular, you
may wish to deselect records with partial data.
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Print
this page
- provides you with hard copy. Note the option to enter notes in the box at bottom left. These
notes are for this printout only and will not become part of the logged data.
Graph 1
The larger graph shows percent words recognized as a function of presentation mode and
session number. Small symbols indicate that a trial was terminated before all twelve sentences
had been presented.
Graph 2
The first small graph shows the mean scores for each mode of presentation when using the full
audio signal. If the data for a second try are available and selected, the mean score after the
second try is shown in pale colors
Graph 3
The second small graph shows mean scores for each presentation when the Fo signal was
used as the audio signal.
Note for printout
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23
Bibliography
Boothroyd, A., & Hnath, T. (1986). Tactile supplements to lipreading. Journal of Rehabilitation
Research & Development, 23, 139-146.
Boothroyd, A. (1987). CASPER: Computer-assisted speech perception evaluation and training.
Proceedings of the 10th annual conference on Rehabilitation Technology. Washington, D.C.,
Association for the Advancement of Rehabilitation Technology, 734-736.
Boothroyd, A., Hanin, L., & Waltzman, S. (1987). Development of speech perception skills in
cochlear implantees. Proceedings of the 10th Annual conference on Rehabilitation
Technology, Association for the Advancement of Rehabilitation Technology, 428-430.
Boothroyd, A., & Hnath-Chisolm, T. (1988). Spatial, tactile presentation of voice fundamental
frequency as a supplement to lipreading: Results of extended training with a single subject.
Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 25, 51-56.
Boothroyd, A., Hnath-Chisolm, T., Hanin, L., & Kishon-Rabin, L. (1988). Voice fundamental
frequency as an auditory supplement to the speechreading of sentences. Ear and Hearing, 9,
306-312.
Hanin, L., Boothroyd, A., & Hnath-Chisolm, T. (1988). Tactile presentation of voice fundamental
frequency as an aid to the speechreading of sentences. Ear and Hearing, 9, 335-341.
Hnath-Chisolm, T., & Boothroyd, A. (1992). Speechreading enhancement by fundamental
frequency: the effects of Fo contour distortions. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 35,
1160-1168.
Boothroyd, A., Waldstein, R., & Yeung, E. (1992). Investigations into the auditory Fo
speechreading enhancement effect using a sinusoidal replica of the Fo contour. Proc. Intl.
Conf. on Spoken Language Processing, Banff.
Waldstein & Boothroyd (1994). Speechreading enhancement using a sinusoidal substitute for
voice fundamental frequency. Speech communication, 14, 303-312.
Waldstein and Boothroyd (1995). Comparison of two multichannel tactile devices as
supplements to speechreading in a postlingually deafened adult. Ear and Hearing, 16, pp
198-208.
Boothroyd, A., Kishon-Rabin, L., and Waldstein, R. (1995). Studies of tactile speechreading
enhancement in deaf adults. Seminars in Hearing, 16, 328-342.
Waldstein & Boothroyd (1996). Speechreading supplemented by single-channel and
multichannel tactile displays of voice fundamental frequency. Journal of Speech and Hearing
Research, 38, 690-705.
Kishon-Rabin, L., Boothroyd, A., & Hanin, L. (1996). Speechreading enhancement using a
spatial-tactile display of voice fundamental frequency (Fo): comparison with auditory Fo.
Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 100, 593-602.
Mackersie, C.L., Boothroyd, A. and Prida, T. (2000). Use of a simultaneous sentence test to
enhance sensitivity to ease of listening. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research.
43, 675-682.
24
Appendix A. The CUNY topic-related sentence sets (1-60).
Topics:
1. Food
2. Family
3. Work
4. Clothes
5. Animals and Pets
6. Homes
7. Sports and Hobbies
8. Weather
9. Health
10. Seasons and Holidays
11. Money
12. Music
Set 1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Have you eaten yet?
How many of your brothers still live at home?
How many years of school did it take to become a nurse?
Where can I get my suit cleaned?
Cats are easy to take care of because you don't have to walk them.
She just moved into a three room apartment.
I like to play tennis.
We couldn't fly home yesterday because of the big snowstorm.
Remember to get plenty of rest and drink lots of fluids.
Carve the turkey.
Make sure you deposit that check.
Please make sure that you practice a lot before your next piano lesson.
Set 2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Do you want to have a barbecue this evening?
When was the last time that you went to visit your parents?
When will you be taking your vacation?
Remember to take enough hangers with you when you go to do your laundry.
You can see deer near my country house.
We're looking for an apartment.
The football field is right next to the baseball field.
Can you remember the last time we had so much snow?
See your doctor.
Put these lights on the tree.
Don't use your credit card if you can't pay the bill on time.
I like that song.
Set 3
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Do you want fried chicken or do you want pizza for dinner.
How long have your parents been married?
Take the job only if you feel that the work will be more challenging.
Buy that bathing suit because it fits you.
That dog likes to run.
We're going to paint the guest bedroom next week.
How many miles a day do you run before a marathon.
Did it rain?
Remember to take all your vitamins.
You buy the food and she will buy the drinks for the barbecue.
That place is expensive.
The rock concerts on the pier have been very successful.
25
Set 4
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Do you want gravy on your potatoes?
You have to invite all of your aunts and uncles to the wedding reception.
Make sure you get to work on time.
Throw away your old shoes.
My cat was chasing the bird all around the yard.
Did it take you a long time to find an apartment?
Do you jog?
Did you bring an umbrella today?
Don't drink alcohol while you are pregnant because it's harmful to your baby.
Summer is finally here.
I lost my checkbook so I closed the account.
He did not learn how to play the piano until very recently.
Set 5
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Please get the groceries out of the car and put them away for me.
Make sure you call your brother this week.
Finish that report this afternoon.
Take the dress back and buy something that you like.
Did your landlord give you any trouble about having a dog?
Where's the bathroom?
Do you like to go hiking?
Do you know if it rains a lot at this time of year?
She has a fever.
I like going to the mountains in the fall.
Many of my friends had to take out school loans this year.
Their last song was a big hit.
Set 6
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Make sure that you don't overcook the shrimp.
Visit your grandmother on Sunday.
If you want to quit, please give two weeks notice.
The store is having a sale on all their bathing suits.
Where's your dog?
How many bedrooms do you have?
Did you ever think about trying to sell some of your better paintings?
Put on your raincoat.
All my friends seem to be catching summer colds.
It seems like we haven't had a decent spring in several years.
She wants to start buying some stock.
Did you know that they both get season tickets for the opera every year?
Set 7
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Please turn on the coffee.
You have to let your children make their own mistakes.
If you work for an airline you get great travel benefits.
My zipper broke.
How many cats do you have?
Would you ever consider building an extra room or two onto the house?
Throw me the ball.
Be careful driving on the bridge when it's windy.
Children get sick more often when they start to go to school.
I always eat a lot on Thanksgiving.
What type of investment plan did they think would be the best for you?
Have you seen the new musical on Broadway?
26
Set 8
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Make sure you wash the fruit before you eat it.
My brother and his two children are coming to visit me.
Here's my office.
I need to buy a suit.
Did you see any interesting birds when you went bird watching last week?
Clean the kitchen first.
Don't try to run unless you have good shoes.
Always take your sunglasses with you when you drive on sunny days.
You have to start losing some weight.
Do you want to take your vacation in the winter or summer this year?
Do you always balance your checkbook every month?
Do you play the guitar?
Set 9
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
The desserts at that restaurant are very good but very expensive.
She's my daughter.
He doesn't like his new boss.
I bought three pairs of shoes and a pair of boots last week.
Let the dog out.
Move the couch to the wall facing the window.
If you want to take good pictures, take a few photography classes.
Wear a heavy sweater since it's cold.
Do you go to a gym to exercise, or do you exercise at home?
Have you finished all your Christmas shopping yet?
Can I pay by check?
Do you think he'll play the piano at the party?
Set 10
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Cake is sweet.
My sister has a new boyfriend.
He got a promotion at work and now he doesn't want to leave.
Is that coat new?
Please don't go that close to the lion's cage.
Remember to lock all the doors and windows before you go away.
Take your baseball glove to the game.
All the roads into the city were closed yesterday due to the heavy rains.
I know a doctor who makes house calls.
Where are you spending Thanksgiving?
How much interest are they charging you on your loan?
Don't stand so close to the microphone when you are singing.
Set 11
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
She baked a big apple pie.
She shares a two bedroom apartment in the city with her two sisters.
How's your new job?
How much did they charge you for the alterations?
Take the dog to the vet every year for its rabies shot.
Clean the guest bedroom before next weekend.
Professional football players usually have to train in the summer before the season
begins.
When the humidity is high, it's uncomfortable outside.
What medicine are you taking?
Do you want to go Christmas shopping with me today?
You really should be able to save more of your salary.
Play that song.
27
Set 12
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
We had roast beef, baked potatoes with sour cream and broccoli for dinner.
How's your brother doing?
How long have you been working for this company?
Did you know that she made her own dress for the wedding?
Don't let the dog off his leash.
We decided to paint the living room light blue and the dining room yellow.
He plays softball with his friends on Sundays.
The sun is finally shining.
Did he get sick from eating some bad food yesterday?
Be careful if you use fireworks on the Fourth of July.
Take your change.
Put your albums where they belong.
Set 13
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
When did you learn how to bake bread?
When is your aunt getting married?
Did your boss give you a raise?
Where's my jacket?
We saw a lot of deer while driving last night.
They bought a new house.
She was on the swimming team and the track team while in college.
I heard that there will be rain this Sunday.
Get the flu shot.
Make sure you remember to buy your boyfriend a Valentine's Day gift.
You have to keep one hundred dollars in this bank account for six months.
Don't forget to buy the tickets for the concert next week.
Set 14
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
What do you want for lunch?
Did you remember to call your grandmother?
Where's your office?
Remember to use bleach when you wash that white underwear.
Goldfish are easy to keep.
We are trying, but it's difficult to find an apartment we can afford.
I really like going to major league baseball games.
Has it started raining?
Give the insurance forms to the dentist when you go next week.
If you want to fly to Florida during spring break, make your reservations early.
Have twenty dollars taken from your paycheck for savings each week.
The free concerts in the park are wonderful.
Set 15
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Do you cook big dinners every night?
Where's your sister?
When you want to quit give them two week's notice.
Iron all of your shirts.
It was really very easy to teach the parrot how to say hello.
We are really excited about looking for a house.
Do you like camping?
Does it look as if the sun is trying to come out?
Remember to take your medicine every four hours and rest in bed all day.
Don't wait until the last minute to do your Christmas shopping.
I always pay my credit card bills promptly.
I really like that new album.
28
Set 16
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Are you hungry?
Try to visit your mother at least once a week.
Finish that assignment by Friday.
Put all your winter suits in storage and take out your spring suits.
The cats keep each other company during the day.
Where do you live?
Did you get to see any of the gymnastics competition last week?
Will it rain this weekend or is it supposed to be clear and sunny?
You have to exercise as well as diet to lose weight.
There is always a parade for Memorial Day.
I think I have some change.
She's the one who gives singing lessons.
Set 17
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Defrost the freezer first, then go do your grocery shopping.
Don't forget your father's birthday.
Remember to keep all your receipts when you go on a business trip.
Buy yourself a new coat for the cold months.
Where's the new puppy?
Will you be putting a swimming pool in the backyard this year?
How long did it take you to learn how to crochet these beautiful blankets?
Will you go to the beach even if it's still cloudy?
My allergies are really acting up right now.
I like New Year's Eve parties.
She's taken out a lot of loans.
It's my guitar.
Set 18
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Pass the bread and butter.
Call your grandmother and ask her if she needs anything from the store.
You should have your resume printed instead of Xeroxed.
That's my new dress.
Did you see many lions and tigers when you went on safari?
Are you going to hire someone to paint the apartment before you move in?
Do you want to go to the baseball game with us?
Close the windows in case it starts raining.
Smoking is bad for your lungs.
We're going to the beach on Sunday.
Here's a quarter.
Do you know of a good band for the party?
Set 19
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Take the steaks out of the freezer and put them on the counter.
Remember to take your sister to the airport tomorrow.
I quit my job.
I have a sweater that would look great with this plaid skirt.
Did you go to see the bird exhibit when you went to the zoo?
Where did you buy all that new furniture for the house?
Put all the golf clubs in the cart.
Don't be afraid of the thunder.
I really don't like to get injections.
The flowers bloomed.
Do you think we should buy him a savings bond?
Have you heard her sing?
29
Set 20
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Let the grill get really hot before you barbecue.
My mother is working.
My commute each morning is just a little bit over an hour.
That suit is very expensive but I think the style is perfect for you.
Is it very difficult to take care of all those fish?
Clean up the bedroom before you watch television.
Throw him a few good pitches.
Take a sweater in case it's chilly.
I am sick.
Are you going to go apple picking in the Fall?
How much is the bill?
Do you think you would enjoy going to see an opera with me?
Set 21
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
That pizza smells great.
It's hard to believe that she has four daughters and three sons.
It's difficult for me to leave the office on time during our busy season.
It's okay to dress casually for the party this Saturday night.
Give the ducks some bread from your sandwich.
Hide the key under the mat.
Don't run for a couple of days.
Take an umbrella.
How often do you go for a complete physical examination?
Can you build a snowman?
How long did it take you to save enough money for a car?
Would you like to go to a rock concert?
Set 22
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
I was so hungry this morning that I ate a huge breakfast.
Every spring we have a big picnic with all my aunts, uncles, and cousins.
The job is great except for the business trips every month.
Did you buy those shoes in that store?
Take the dog for a walk.
Polish the furniture in the living room.
Finish the race.
The days have been cool for this time of year.
She has the chicken pox.
Do you think you'll go to the mountains for your vacation this year?
Is there a minimum balance for a checking account?
Turn the radio off.
Set 23
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Each family will bring a special dish to the pot luck dinner on Saturday.
My grandfather's house is only a few blocks away from here.
Do you have to take many business trips?
Can I borrow your red sweater?
You should really have your cat declawed.
Lock the door.
We're going to buy season tickets for the football games.
It's very warm out tonight.
Do you think that it's risky to smoke cigarettes while you are pregnant?
Will you be going on vacation in the spring?
Keep all the change.
Please turn down the stereo before the neighbors start complaining about it.
30
Set 24
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
We go out to eat dinner at least once a week.
Are you going to visit your parents tomorrow?
Have you heard about your promotion?
Where did you buy your new hat?
Feed the dog.
We had all the floors scraped and polished this weekend.
They like to go fishing.
There's a water shortage because it hasn't rained in the last eight weeks.
Did your leg take a long time to heal?
Mail your Christmas cards.
Remember to get travelers checks before you go on vacation next week.
Buy those records you want now while the store is having a big sale.
Set 25
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Do you eat bacon and eggs for breakfast every Sunday morning?
Does he still live with his parents?
Are you learning a lot on your new job?
Do you need a new tie to go with that shirt you bought?
My landlord won't let me have a dog but I can have a cat.
Her apartment is big so she shares it with roommates.
I play tennis every Tuesday.
I'm not going to work tomorrow if it snows a lot tonight.
Cover your mouth when you cough.
Buy champagne for the New Year's Eve party.
Don't cash that check.
Practice the guitar.
Set 26
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Can you bake the chocolate cake tonight?
Are his sisters still single or are they married?
Do you think that our secretary should be given a raise this year?
Get your new pants shortened or you won't be able to wear them Saturday.
We went to the lake and fed the baby ducks.
The kitchen needs new wallpaper.
My friends are having a party after the football game tomorrow night.
Did you shovel the snow yet?
Go to the doctor and get a physical.
Vote on Election Day.
Lend him money.
He always buys subscriptions to both the symphony and the ballet.
Set 27
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Are you having soup and a sandwich for lunch?
Who takes care of your children when they get home from school early?
Get a key made for both of the offices that you will be using.
Buy yourself a new jacket now while they're on sale.
I never saw a bear.
My friends bought an old house and are starting to renovate it.
Who taught you to play chess?
Did you see the full moon last night?
Go see the nurse.
Mow the lawn.
It's better to pay with cash than to use credit cards.
He plays chamber music on Wednesday nights.
31
Set 28
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
What should we make for dinner when our friends come to visit us?
You must spend more of your free time with your younger sisters and brothers!
Finish all the filing by the end of the day.
Hang up your good suit.
It's not a good idea to go that close to the pigeons.
Where is your new beach house?
Did your father teach you to play chess?
How much snow fell?
Brush your teeth.
Families take vacations during the summer when there is no school.
He put his savings into the bank.
I like to listen to the stereo at home.
Set 29
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Don't eat that cake because I baked it to take to the birthday party.
Please take your little brother to the store with you.
Don't take a long lunch.
Do your laundry so that you have a clean shirt for tomorrow.
When did your dog get sick?
Where did you get all that new furniture?
Can she ice skate?
What's the temperature?
She told me to take this medicine for my upset stomach.
We're going trick or treating on Halloween.
I have to call the bank about my statement.
He asked me to go to the concert with him next Saturday night.
Set 30
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Eat a good breakfast every morning before you leave home.
Give your uncle the money.
Don't make so many personal telephone calls while you are at work.
I need to buy new boots.
Do you want to buy that cute puppy?
Where's your new house?
Where's the football?
Put some salt on the sidewalk before someone slips and falls.
My doctor said I'll be better soon.
A lot of candy is sold on Valentine's Day.
I'm getting a big tax return this year so I'm buying a car.
Do you still like to play the violin or have you given it up?
SET 31
1. Make my steak well done.
2. Take these cookies with you when you go to visit your grandfather.
3. Computers make typing reports much easier.
4. The store is having a sale on nightgowns.
5. Who fed the goldfish?
6. What's your address?
7. Remember to stretch before you try to run a long distance.
8. Don't go outside if it's too cold.
9. Crash diets can really make a person very sick.
10. Passover and Easter always seem to occur at the same time of year.
11. Will you lend me ten dollars until I can get to the bank?
12. Did you tape the concert they broadcast on the radio?
32
SET 32
1. Please slice the meat but be careful not to cut your fingers.
2. My nephew is having a party.
3. My friend was just fired from his job.
4. My new shoes hurt.
5. Do parrots fly?
6. Vacuum the rugs and polish the furniture before the party tonight.
7. Bring your sneakers to the exercise class.
8. Don't ever stand under a tree during a thunderstorm.
9. More people seem to catch colds in the winter than in the summer.
10. Will you be eating Thanksgiving dinner at a restaurant or at home this year?
11. Did you put your savings in a high interest account?
12. Where do you store albums?
SET 33
1. I ate a big lunch today.
2. My aunt and uncle live two blocks away.
3. My boss is quitting.
4. I need pants.
5. Remember to let the dog out before you go to school.
6. Paint the outside of the house first.
7. Take off your skis when you leave the slopes.
8. Make sure you dress warmly on days when the temperature drops below freezing.
9. How long will you have to keep that big cast on your broken leg?
10. Why do people drink so much on New Year's Eve?
11. Does he get an allowance?
12. How many people are going to try out for the marching band?
SET 34
1. The seafood restaurant had a special on lobster.
2. My sister is moving.
3. Filing is boring.
4. Are you going to buy a new down coat this year?
5. Don't feed the squirrels in the park.
6. Clean out your closet before the painters get here.
7. Buy yourself a better racket now that you have lost your old one.
8. The wind was so strong yesterday that it blew the branches off the tree.
9. I have a sore throat and a very bad cough.
10. When is April Fool's Day?
11. Do you still think you will get a big bonus this year?
12. Don't play your radio that loud.
SET 35
1. I want French fries.
2. My grandfather died.
3. What did they give you for a present when you retired?
4. Did you bring a sweater with you?
5. Close the windows before you open the bird cage.
6. Move the furniture into the middle of the room before you paint it.
7. I went camping with my friends last week and we forgot the tent poles.
8. She thinks it's warm enough to go to the beach.
9. How are you feeling today?
10. Why do leaves always change color before they fall off the trees?
11. Pay the bill at the store.
12. Be careful when you use the new stereo.
33
SET 36
1. I want coffee.
2. Do your parents live near you or have they moved away?
3. When did you arrive at the office?
4. Will you take my suit to the cleaners tomorrow?
5. When you go to the store buy a scratching post for the cat.
6. My new summer house at the beach needs to be painted before it's used.
7. My friend went up in a hot air balloon yesterday.
8. It's very windy outside today.
9. Do you still need to get a vaccination before you go overseas?
10. Give her candy on Valentine's Day.
11. Have all the checks mailed to your house.
12. Don't scratch that record.
SET 37
1. Are you going to bake a cake for the birthday party tomorrow?
2. Are your cousins invited to the wedding?
3. Is there a new person answering phones in your office?
4. Where did you buy your jacket?
5. When I go to the zoo I like watching the chimps.
6. Here's my friend's new house.
7. A lot of kids play soccer in school.
8. It's been very cold in the South this winter.
9. If you still have fever tomorrow make sure you go to the doctor.
10. Give her flowers.
11. Make sure that you don't forget to send your tax returns in on time.
12. Please change the channel.
SET 38
1. Do you want a toasted English muffin?
2. Are you going to take your brother to the movies?
3. Do you walk to the office?
4. Don't wear your new boots today because the streets are slushy.
5. Cats have whiskers.
6. We have new carpeting in the living room.
7. I don't like to swim in an indoor pool.
8. Was it snowing when you left the house or had it already stopped?
9. Don't take so much aspirin.
10. Remember to plant your garden early so that the vegetables are ripe by summer.
11. Don't spend so much.
12. Many people like to listen to the radio before going to bed.
SET 39
1. Where do you want to go to have dinner tonight?
2. Did your sister have the baby?
3. Tell your boss that you need to take three days off.
4. Tie your shoelaces.
5. I walk my dog three times a day.
6. The elevator in my apartment building broke last night.
7. Do you want to go horseback riding with us at the dude ranch?
8. Will it be sunny tomorrow?
9. Make sure you go to the dentist and have him look at that tooth.
10. Buy a Halloween costume.
11. My friend's wedding reception will cost five thousand dollars, including the band.
12. She plays the clarinet in a band.
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SET 40
1. What did you eat for breakfast?
2. Your father has to go with you to buy the car.
3. Call your boss.
4. Iron that blouse before you go to school.
5. My friend has a horse that I can ride.
6. Which do you like better, living in a house or in an apartment?
7. Was your tennis racket stolen?
8. Do you think that we can go away even if it snows a lot?
9. Give blood this year.
10. We can start going to our summer house on Memorial Day weekend.
11. I always forget to balance my checkbook.
12. The concert we went to last night was too loud.
SET 41
1. Put the roast in the oven while I peel the potatoes.
2. Ask your mother.
3. Ask them to give you a new contract.
4. Bring your shoes to the shoemaker for new heels.
5. Isn't it very hard to keep a big dog in a small apartment?
6. What color is your bathroom?
7. How much does it cost to rent a sailboat for a half a day?
8. How much rain fell?
9. If you try to exercise every day you won't be as tired.
10. I'm having a costume party on Halloween.
11. I'm going to the bank today to cash my check.
12. He started to take singing lessons.
SET 42
1. Frost the cake.
2. Call your father if you'll be home late.
3. Next time, don't come back from lunch so late.
4. They bought that sweater for my roommate but I like to wear it.
5. Did you clean the fishtank?
6. Did it cost a lot of money to have the master bedroom made larger?
7. Do you play golf?
8. I have to put the storm windows in before it becomes cold.
9. I had the mumps two years ago.
10. We are having a big party for New Year's Eve.
11. I need to borrow five dollars.
12. Did you buy new speakers when you bought the new turntable?
SET 43
1. Cut some tomatoes and cucumbers for the salad.
2. Don't fight so much with your sisters and brothers.
3. I'm so busy at my new job that I'm always tired at night.
4. The sleeves are too long.
5. Did you ever take the children to ride on the camels in the zoo?
6. Is the basement clean?
7. Don't throw the baseball bat when you are getting ready to run.
8. Take the dog out before it snows.
9. After your tonsils come out you can have ice cream.
10. People eat too much on Thanksgiving.
11. What day of the week does the bank stay open late?
12. Can you sing?
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SET 44
1. Give me a hot corned beef sandwich on rye.
2. Let's take the children to the movies after we get home from work.
3. I'm getting a new office.
4. During the summer I put all my winter coats in storage at the cleaners.
5. How can birds talk?
6. Please clean all the storm windows before you hang up the curtains.
7. Put your chess set away right now.
8. Take in the laundry before it starts to rain again.
9. I stay home when I'm sick.
10. Are most schools closed between Christmas Eve and New Year's Day?
11. Where's the check?
12. Do you have time to practice the piano?
SET 45
1. I try not to eat red meat more than three times a week.
2. My father has two jobs.
3. It's important to make a good impression when you go on a job interview.
4. That's a beautiful dress.
5. Remember not to go too close to stray dogs in the street.
6. Please don't eat in the living room.
7. If you're skiing for the first time, take a lesson.
8. Wax the car if it's sunny.
9. Did you go to the emergency room when you fell down?
10. When is Thanksgiving?
11. How much does your car insurance cost you?
12. Where did your friend buy that new tape recorder?
SET 46
1. She never eats red meat.
2. My brother and his wife try to visit me at least once a month.
3. The office is busy.
4. Who bought you that beautiful green blouse that you were wearing yesterday?
5. Please don't give the dog that bone.
6. Clean the basement if you want to have that party.
7. Make sure your running shoes fit.
8. This past summer was the hottest one that I can remember.
9. My throat hurts.
10. How will you celebrate the Fourth of July?
11. Do you get paid once or twice a month?
12. Please lower the radio when you listen to it this late at night.
SET 47
1. We decided to make hamburgers and hot dogs for the barbecue this Sunday afternoon.
2. I have ten cousins.
3. Is your new job closer to your house than the old one?
4. Did you buy a bathing suit yet?
5. Give the cat some food before you go out tonight.
6. Meet me at my house later.
7. I bought new cross country skis to take on my trip.
8. It's hot today.
9. When are you going to the eye doctor?
10. Do you go to the beach during the summer?
11. Don't spend so much or you'll never be able to buy that car.
12. Buy that record for him.
36
SET 48
1. I like ice cream.
2. Did your brothers and sisters come to visit you on your birthday?
3. How long have you been employed there?
4. What should I wear to the party next Saturday night?
5. Don't pet that big black dog.
6. I think we should replace the carpeting in the living room.
7. I like baseball.
8. It is going to be very windy today.
9. Did you break your wrist or was it sprained?
10. You better be very careful when you go trick or treating on Halloween.
11. Give me five dollars tomorrow.
12. Stop playing the radio so loud at night or I will take it away.
SET 49
1. What will we make for dinner when our neighbors come over?
2. Is your sister in school?
3. Does your boss give you a bonus every year?
4. Did your friend have that pretty silk dress custom made for the party?
5. That snake is long.
6. They bought a new carpet yesterday.
7. My brother likes to collect stamps and coins.
8. The thunder and lightning during the storm last night woke up all of us.
9. Take your medicine.
10. Put up the Christmas lights before it gets too cold.
11. Don't spend so much on new clothes.
12. Get tickets for the ballet next week before they are sold out.
SET 50
1. What's your recipe for cheesecake?
2. Is your nephew having a birthday party next week?
3. Will your husband be taking any extra time off for vacation this year?
4. Buy those snow boots.
5. The dog barked too loudly yesterday.
6. The garden needs to be replanted next spring.
7. He couldn't play in the football game because he sprained his ankle in practice.
8. What's the humidity?
9. Don't scratch your rash or it will just become worse.
10. Let the children stay up for Halloween.
11. Put your savings in a special account that will earn more interest.
12. He plays the bass in a jazz band every Monday night.
SET 51
1. How long does it take to roast a turkey?
2. Are all their children planning to come to the family reunion next week?
3. Don't be late today.
4. Button your jacket because it's cold.
5. Some baby pigeons were resting on the windowsill.
6. We wanted to put new shutters on our house but it was too expensive.
7. Which team won?
8. Did the weatherman predict rain or snow for tomorrow night?
9. Take your vitamins every morning after breakfast.
10. Make sure that all the children wear costumes to the Halloween party.
11. People who invest in stocks and bonds now take some risks.
12. Those albums are very old.
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SET 52
1. Would you prefer to have toast, blueberry muffins or rolls with your coffee?
2. Feed the baby, please.
3. Type that letter before you leave.
4. Have your suit cleaned and pressed before tomorrow.
5. The children threw peanuts to the monkeys during their class trip to the zoo.
6. Aren't dishwashers convenient?
7. Did you hear the score of last night's baseball game?
8. Is it snowing or raining right now?
9. If you want to live a healthy life, avoid eating fatty foods.
10. The school will be closed for Washington's Birthday and Lincoln's Birthday.
11. Your check arrived by mail.
12. Professional musicians must practice at least three hours everyday.
SET 53
1. Add salt and pepper.
2. Help your sister with her homework.
3. Mail that package before you take a break.
4. Buy yourself some gloves and warm sweaters before you go on your winter vacation.
5. Are whales mammals?
6. Did the repairman come to fix the washing machine today?
7. Did the basketball game go into overtime?
8. How many inches of snow have we gotten since the blizzard began?
9. When he went to the dentist, he had his teeth cleaned.
10. We'll plant roses this spring.
11. I always mail in my loan payments on time.
12. The opera singer lost her voice just before her performance on opening night.
SET 54
1. Eat all of your green vegetables.
2. Help your grandmother and grandfather clean the yard.
3. Clean out the desk and rearrange the files tonight before the new secretary arrives.
4. Sneakers are comfortable.
5. Did he walk the dog before he went to school?
6. Can the plumber fix the leaking faucet?
7. Will they be able to go skiing with us today or tomorrow?
8. Put both cars in the garage before it starts to snow.
9. Alcohol can damage your liver.
10. We need to renovate the beach house this summer.
11. I would like to buy a new television but they are too expensive.
12. Who composed that song?
SET 55
1. Drink your coffee before it gets too cold.
2. Make sure the children wash their faces and brush their teeth before their bedtime.
3. Computers save time.
4. That red belt would look nice with this black dress.
5. Have you seen the children's zoo?
6. Can we keep the old curtains and replace just the window shades?
7. Don't fool around on the high diving board because it's dangerous.
8. Get out the snow shovel.
9. The only way to diet is not to eat.
10. On St. Patrick's Day many people like to wear green in the parade.
11. Did the check clear?
12. Did anyone sing at your wedding reception?
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SET 56
1. I like peas.
2. My friend will not spend another weekend with her nephew.
3. She is going on a job interview.
4. The store is having a great sale on all winter coats today.
5. Make sure you clean the bird's cage before you go away.
6. Wash and dry the dishes.
7. Clean the filter in the pool before they swim.
8. Listen to the news tonight to find out if they predict more rain.
9. Have you had headaches?
10. When does Passover occur next year?
11. Has the charge account been paid off yet?
12. Is anybody planning to go to the rock concert in the park next Saturday?
SET 57
1. I like to drink my coffee with lots of milk.
2. My younger sister had a baby yesterday.
3. The supervisor said we have to finish the filing by next week.
4. When can you take my dress to the tailor for alterations?
5. Give the dog a bone.
6. Trim the bushes before you water the front lawn.
7. Clean your paint brushes after using them or else they will be ruined.
8. It will snow today.
9. Our teacher was sick all week.
10. Will you clean the house before spring comes?
11. How much does it cost for two people to fly first class to Europe?
12. Record the concert.
SET 58
1. The bread was not very fresh today.
2. My grandmother and grandfather are celebrating their fiftieth wedding anniversary this
month.
3. Do you know who will take over when our boss retires?
4. Where are my new pants?
5. Walk the horses and clean their stalls before dinner.
6. Please repair the crack in the sidewalk before someone has a serious accident.
7. She likes watching basketball.
8. It's going to be sunny tomorrow.
9. How is your friend recovering from the accident?
10. Have they bought all the food and drinks for the barbeque on Memorial Day?
11. Get some cash.
12. Tell him that we want to buy his concert tickets.
SET 59
1. The French fries would have been better if they weren't so greasy.
2. Have you and your fiancée set a date for the wedding?
3. Is the personnel office open?
4. Is she wearing the blue dress to the theatre?
5. Don't forget to take the cat and her kittens to the vet today.
6. I waxed the floor.
7. The tennis match was rained out.
8. Many businesses are closed because of the snowstorm.
9. When will you finally go to the dentist and have that loose filling checked?
10. Decorate the cake.
11. Check the limit on your charge account before you buy.
12. Clean the cassette player before using it.
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SET 60
1. When should we have the awards dinner?
2. Where are the newlyweds going to spend their honeymoon?
3. Was the business meeting successful or do you have to meet again tomorrow?
4. Do the ski gloves fit?
5. I saw an interesting television show about the wild animals in Africa.
6. The store delivered the new washer and dryer.
7. He swims fast.
8. The weather forecast for tomorrow calls for sunshine and low humidity.
9. Have your eyes checked.
10. Make reservations for the Easter cruise.
11. Always check with your broker before you decide to buy any stocks or bonds.
12. Do not be late for band practice next Saturday afternoon.
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