Key terms & definitions in other subjects…
Geography…
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Abrasion: the pebbles being transported wear away the bed and banks of the river
channel.
Alluvium: rock particles (clay, silt, sand and gravel) deposited by a river.
Attrition: The particles are knocked about as they are transported, and they gradually
become more rounded and reduced in size.
Base Level: the mouth of the river and the point where the gradient becomes zero.
No further erosion is possible during normal river flow at this point.
Bedload: the material carried by a river by being bounced or rolled along its bed.
Confluence: the point at which rivers meet.
Depth: increases downstream, a result of being joined by a number of tributaries.
Distributaries: finger-like river channels which branch away from a main river
channel in a delta.
Drainage Basin: the land that is drained by a river and its tributaries.
Erosion: the wearing away of the bed and banks of the river channel by abrasion,
hydraulic action, solution and attrition.
Estuary: the tidal mouth of a river, with large, flat expanses of mud exposed at low
tide.
Eutrophication: high nitrate levels combined with phosphates cause excessive plant
and algae growth, a deteriorating process that results in loss of oxygen and the
biological death of the river.
Flood Plain: the wide, flat floor of a river valley. It consists of sediments (alluvium)
deposited by the river.
Glaciated Valley a river valley widened and deepened by the action of glaciers (ice
sheets); they become ‘U’-shaped instead of the normal ‘V’-shape of a river valley.
Gorge: a steep-sided, narrow rocky valley marking the retreat of a waterfall.
Gradient: the slope of the river profile, steep close to the source and gradually
becoming more gentle until the river reaches sea level.
Hydraulic Action: The sheer force of the water by itself can erode material from the
bed and banks of the river channel.
Business Studies
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Centralised structure- A business that makes decisions by a few people in the centre of
the business.
Decentralised structure- A business that spreads decision making.
Organisational charts- Charts showing the structure of a business.
Tall structure- Businesses that have lots of layers within the business structure.
Flat structure- Businesses that have few layers within the business structure.
Market research- Researching the market.
Primary/field research- First hand research.
Secondary/desk research- Research from what has already been produced.
Quantitative data- Data that is in numerical form.
Qualitative data- Data that is opinions and views.
The Boston Matrix- A way to analyse a product portfolio.
Product life cycle- The life cycle a product goes through in terms of levels of demand.
Cost plus pricing- Adding a percentage of profit to a products selling price.
Skimming pricing- Having a high price for a new product when people are willing to pay
then decreasing the price later.
Penetration pricing- A low price on a product to gain market share.
Loss leaders- A low price…
English Language…
1)
Irony
2)
3)
Expressing something by using words that mean the opposite
(humorous or sarcastic)
Analogy
Comparing the likeness of two things
Personification Giving an inanimate object human characteristics
4)
Simile
5)
Alliteration
Comparing two objects as they have something in common (e.g. as
white as snow)
Repetition of a consonant in a phrase (e.g. Harry had a hole in his hard
hat)
6) Assonance
Repetition of vowel sound (e.g. cold, told, bold)
7) Parataxis
Use of very short, sharp sentences
8) Metaphor
Comparisons which don't use "like" or "as", but say that something "is"
something else because it is similar
9) Imagery
Using language to convey an atmosphere
When spoken, a word which sounds the same as its meaning (e.g.
10) Onomatopoeia
"hiss" - a snake)
11) Hyperbole
Exaggerating something so much that it cannot be taken literally
Physics
1) Absolute zero is the theoretical temperature at which atoms stop vibrating.
2) Rate of change in velocity. If a body increases its speed (the result of a force
acting on it) then it is said to have positive acceleration. See also deceleration*.
3) Ammeter: A device for measuring current. An ammeter is always connected
directly into a circuit in series* with the components through which the current is
flowing. A good ammeter will have virtually no resistance*.
4) Ampere The unit of electrical current, normally abbreviated to amp or A. 1 amp
is equal to a flow of 1 coulomb* of charge* per second. This translates to the
formula, amps = coulombs ÷ seconds.
5) Amplitude The maximum displacement that an oscillation or wave has from its
rest position. A measure of the energy contained in the motion or wave, large
amplitude sounds are louder; large amplitude light waves are brighter.
6) anion A negatively-charged ion*.
7) astronomical unit An astronomical unit (AU) is defined as the average distance
between the Earth and the Sun (approximately 148 million kilometers).
8) atmosphere A layer of gases that envelops a planet, moon or other celestial body.
Testing Retrieval…
Geography…
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
Abrasion: the pebbles being transported wear away the bed and banks of the river
channel.
Alluvium: rock particles (clay, silt, sand and gravel) deposited by a river.
Attrition: The particles are knocked about as they are transported, and they gradually
become more rounded and reduced in size.
Base Level: the mouth of the river and the point where the gradient becomes zero.
No further erosion is possible during normal river flow at this point.
Bedload: the material carried by a river by being bounced or rolled along its bed.
Confluence: the point at which rivers meet.
Depth: increases downstream, a result of being joined by a number of tributaries.
Distributaries: finger-like river channels which branch away from a main river
channel in a delta.
Drainage Basin: the land that is drained by a river and its tributaries.
Erosion: the wearing away of the bed and banks of the river channel by abrasion,
hydraulic action, solution and attrition.
Estuary: the tidal mouth of a river, with large, flat expanses of mud exposed at low
tide.
Eutrophication: high nitrate levels combined with phosphates cause excessive plant
and algae growth, a deteriorating process that results in loss of oxygen and the
biological death of the river.
Flood Plain: the wide, flat floor of a river valley. It consists of sediments (alluvium)
deposited by the river.
Glaciated Valley a river valley widened and deepened by the action of glaciers (ice
sheets); they become ‘U’-shaped instead of the normal ‘V’-shape of a river valley.
Gorge: a steep-sided, narrow rocky valley marking the retreat of a waterfall.
Gradient: the slope of the river profile, steep close to the source and gradually
becoming more gentle until the river reaches sea level.
Hydraulic Action: The sheer force of the water by itself can erode material from the
bed and banks of the river channel.
Business Studies
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
16)
Centralised structure- A business that makes decisions by a few people in the centre of
the business.
Decentralised structure- A business that spreads decision making.
Organisational charts- Charts showing the structure of a business.
Tall structure- Businesses that have lots of layers within the business structure.
Flat structure- Businesses that have few layers within the business structure.
Market research- Researching the market.
Primary/field research- First hand research.
Secondary/desk research- Research from what has already been produced.
Quantitative data- Data that is in numerical form.
Qualitative data- Data that is opinions and views.
The Boston Matrix- A way to analyse a product portfolio.
Product life cycle- The life cycle a product goes through in terms of levels of demand.
Cost plus pricing- Adding a percentage of profit to a products selling price.
Skimming pricing- Having a high price for a new product when people are willing to pay
then decreasing the price later.
Penetration pricing- A low price on a product to gain market share.
Loss leaders- A low price…
English Language…
1)
Irony
2)
3)
Expressing something by using words that mean the opposite
(humorous or sarcastic)
Analogy
Comparing the likeness of two things
Personification Giving an inanimate object human characteristics
4)
Simile
5)
Alliteration
Comparing two objects as they have something in common (e.g. as
white as snow)
Repetition of a consonant in a phrase (e.g. Harry had a hole in his hard
hat)
6) Assonance
Repetition of vowel sound (e.g. cold, told, bold)
7) Parataxis
Use of very short, sharp sentences
8) Metaphor
Comparisons which don't use "like" or "as", but say that something "is"
something else because it is similar
9) Imagery
Using language to convey an atmosphere
When spoken, a word which sounds the same as its meaning (e.g.
10) Onomatopoeia
"hiss" - a snake)
11) Hyperbole
Exaggerating something so much that it cannot be taken literally
Physics
1) Absolute zero is the theoretical temperature at which atoms stop vibrating.
2) Rate of change in velocity. If a body increases its speed (the result of a force
acting on it) then it is said to have positive acceleration. See also deceleration*.
3) Ammeter: A device for measuring current. An ammeter is always connected
directly into a circuit in series* with the components through which the current is
flowing. A good ammeter will have virtually no resistance*.
4) Ampere The unit of electrical current, normally abbreviated to amp or A. 1 amp
is equal to a flow of 1 coulomb* of charge* per second. This translates to the
formula, amps = coulombs ÷ seconds.
5) Amplitude The maximum displacement that an oscillation or wave has from its
rest position. A measure of the energy contained in the motion or wave, large
amplitude sounds are louder; large amplitude light waves are brighter.
6) anion A negatively-charged ion*.
7) astronomical unit An astronomical unit (AU) is defined as the average distance
between the Earth and the Sun (approximately 148 million kilometers).
8) atmosphere A layer of gases that envelops a planet, moon or other celestial body.