International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 5, Issue 12, December 2015) Smart helmet Bindu Sebastian1, Priyanka K P2, Hridya Kuttykrishnan 3 1,2,3 vimal Jyothi Engineering College, Chemperi, Kannur, India To trace out the location where exactly accident occur using GPS module, and gives to microcontroller, then it sends the SMS which contains the latitude and longitude of a area to family members. Abstract—A smart helmet is a special idea which makes motorcycle driving safer than before. This is implemented using GSM and GPS technology. The working of this smart helmet is very simple, vibration sensors are placed in different places of helmet where the probability of hitting is more which are connected to microcontroller board. So when the rider crashes and the helmet hit the ground, these sensors sense and give to the microcontroller board, then controller extract GPS data using the GPS module that is interfaced to it. When the data exceeds minimum stress limit then GSM module automatically sends message to ambulance or family members II. OVERVIEW O F T HE P ROJECT The main objective of the project is to make themotorcycle driving safer than before. This is implemented using GSM and GPS technology. The working of this smart helmet is very simple; vibration sensor is placed in the helmet where the probability of hitting is more which are connected to microcontroller board. So when the rider crashes and the helmet hit the ground, this sensor sense and gives information to the microcontroller board, then controller extract GPS data using the GPS module that is interfacedto it. When any vibrations occur, GSM module automatically sends message to ambulance or family members. A time switch is placed in the system such that the rider can operate it manually in case of minor accidents thereby stopping the functions of GSM. I. INTRODUCTION The thought of developing this project comes to do some good things towards the society. Day by day the two wheeler accidents are increasing and leads to loss of many lives. According to a survey of India there are around 698 accidents occurring due to bike crashes per year. The reasons may be many such as no proper driving knowledge, no fitness of the bike, fast riding of bike, drunken and drive etc. Some time the person injured, the accident may not be directly responsible for the accident, it may be fault of rider, but end of the day it’s both the drivers involved in the accidents who is going to suffer. If accidents are one issue, lack of treatment in proper time is another reason for deaths. The many reasons for this such as late arrival of ambulance, no persons at place where the accident occur to give information to the ambulance or parents. This is a situation we observe our day to day life, a thought of finding some solution to resolve this problem come up with this idea of giving the information about accident as soon as possible. Considering three major factors for avoiding the accident causes such as I. Make wearing the helmet compulsory. II. Avoid drunk and drive. III. If person met with an accident, no one is there to help him. Simply leaving or ignoring the person he may die. In such situation, informing to ambulance or family members through mobile to rescue him for an extent. The idea ofthis work is to give information about the rider wearing the helmet or not, he met with an accident it gives an information about location where he is met with an accident through GSM module to mobile numbers family members, so we have chosen GSM technology to give the information by sending SMS, using GSM module. III. B LOCK D IAGRAM 329 International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 5, Issue 12, December 2015) Block Diagram Descripton Contains these bellow mentioned units 1) Microcontroller ATMEGA328( Ardunio UNO) 2) VIBRATION SENSOR 3) AUDIO VISUAL INDICATOR 4) ROUTER 5) RS232 TO TTL CONVERTER 6) GSM MODEM 7) GPS 8) POWER SUPPLY MICROPROCESSOR BOARD Audio Visual Indicator These are the combination of LED and BUZZER which shows different status like normal or safe condition, position acquisition details, and message sending status etc BUZZER gives audible alert. A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device, which may be mechanical, electromechanical, or piezoelectric. Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include alarm devices, timers and confirmation of user input such as a mouse click. Early devices were based on an electromechanical system identical to an electric bell without the metal gong. Similarly, a relay may be connected to interrupt its own. Ardunio Uno The Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P. It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz quartz crystal, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started. Router Router circuit is needed because our microcontroller has only one serial port. By connecting different serial port devices at same port in same time will lead communication errors due to the data overlap. This problem can be avoided by using a tristate buffer IC 74LS244. Power The Atmega 328 DB can be powered via the USB connection or with an external power supply. The power source is selected automatically. External (non-USB) power can come either from an AC-to-DC adapter (wall- wart) or battery. The adapter can be connected by plugging a 2.1mm centre-positive plug into the board's power jack. Leads from a battery can be inserted in the Gnd and VIN pin headers of the POWER connector. It has two groups of tristate buffers each contains four single buffers.Group ONE can be controlled by using Pin 1G and group TWO by using Pin2G. Group ONE goes to High impedance state by making 1G pin low and Group TWO goes to High impedance state by making 2G pin low. This way the devices connected by using these two groups are isolated . Vibration Sensor The Minisense 100 is a low-cost vibration sensor. It offer high sensitivity at low frequencies. The pins are designed for easy installation and are solder able. Horizontal and vertical mounting options are offered .It also offers reduced height version. The active sensor area is shielded for improved RFI/EMI rejection. It’s flexible PVDF sensing element withstands high shock overload. Sensor has excellent linearity and dynamic range. It may be used for detecting continuous vibration or impacts. The mass may be modified to obtain alternative frequency response and sensitivity selection. Piezoelectric sensors are used here as the vibration sensors. Vibration sensors are placed at inside the helmet in order to pick up mechanical vibrations at the time of accidents. A piezoelectric sensor is a device that uses the piezoelectric effect to measure pressure ,acceleration, strain or force by converting them to an electrical signal. 3.5) RS232 To TTL Converter For connecting both GPS and GSM modem to our system, an interface circuit known as RS232 interface is needed. The interfacing IC is MAX232. MAX232 It allows compatibility among communication equipment made by various manufactures, and interfacing standard called RS232.It was set by the Electronics Industries Association (EIA) in 1960. Since the RS232 standard is not suitable with today’s microprocessors and microcontrollers, we need a line drive to convert the RS232 levels to TTL voltage levels that will be acceptable to 8051’s TXD and RXD pins. One of such converter is MAX232. 330 International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 5, Issue 12, December 2015) The bi-directional NMEA 0183 v3.0 protocol offers industry standard data messages and a command set for easy interface to mapping software and embeddeddevices. Power Supply We use Built in power supply Ardunio uno board is powered up by using a 9 or 12v adapter sensors and interfacing circuits can be powered up using the on board take of points. In our project electronic logic system such as microcontroller uses +5V and other system such as relays need +12V. Both these voltages are produced bythe power supply circuit from the batteryitself. On advantage of MAX232 chip is that it uses a +5Vpower source which is same as the source voltage for 8051. MAX232 converts TTL logic levels to RS232 logic levels and vice versa. In RS232, a logical 1 is represented by -3V to+25V, while a 0 bit is +3V to +25V. For this reason, to connect any Rs232 to a microcontroller system we must use voltage converters such as MAX232. Working Accident detection system is used to inform about the road accidents mainly in rural areas to the authorized people if it is a major one. It consist of a GPS receiver, GSM modem, Arduino using ATMEGA 328 IC, vibration sensors, buzzer and a power supply system. The heart of the system is the Arduino uno board, which controls all other blocks in this system.Here the vibration sensors are connected to the Arduino through an analog pin(A0). Minisense 100 is used here as vibration sensor. The vibration sensors are placed inside the helmet in order to pick up the mechanical shocks produced at the time of accident. An alarm circuit also included with the system to produce loud alarm sound to inform the nearest people that accident is happened. When an accident takes place a mechanical vibration is produced. The minisense 100 sensor which is the vibration sensor convert these mechanical vibrations into electric voltage. The output of this vibration sensor is given to the Arduino through an analog pin(A0).When the Arduino detects an accident, it checks the condition whether the voltage exceeds the threshold voltage. Arduino takes further action if voltage produced is greater. i.e. it takes the value of latitude and longitude from the GPS receiver and transfer it to the preprogrammed mobile number via SMS through GSM modem. And it operates the audio alarm. The voltages required for the entire system is produced by the power supply system from the 12V batteryitself. GSM Modem A GSM modem is a specialized type of modem which accepts a SIM card, and operates over a subscription to a mobile operator.It acts just like a mobile phone. From the mobile operator perspective, a GSM modem looks just like a mobile phone. When a GSM modem is connected to a computer, this allows the computer to use the GSM modem to communicate over the mobile network. While these GSM modems are most frequently used to provide mobile internet connectivity. It can also be used for sending SMS and MMS message. GPS System The Global Positioning System (GPS) is the only fully functional Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). This utilizing a constellation of at least 24 Medium Earth Orbit Satellite that transmit precise microwave signals, the system enables a GPS receiver to determine its location. A GPS receiver is used here which detects the longitude and latitude of the place where accident occurred and gives the information to MCU. The ultra-sensitive GPS receiver can acquire GPS Signals from 32 channels of satellites and generate Fast position fixes with high accuracy in extremely challenging environments and under poor signal conditions due to its active antenna and high sensitivity. 331 International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 5, Issue 12, December 2015) Circuit Diagram IV. FUTURE SCOPE If the accident makes fewer casualties for thepassengers then they are able to operate the switch in the specified time. But if they are abnormal the switch is not operated. MCU checks the condition of the time switch for a specified time; if it is not operated MCU performsfurther actions. V. CONCLUSION A system for intelligent helmet has thus been developed which, through communication between a module in the helmet and one on the vehicle ensures safety aspects. This system detects the occurrence of an accident and makes provisions to sound an alert through the use of a GPS and GSM system. The accident alert feature arranges fortimely help to be provided. The use of GPS system specifically benefits if an accident occurs in a secluded area or at an odd hour. The features of the proposed system can be further extended to place a call to an ambulance when an accident occurs and play a voice message indicating the location. This can reduce the time required for emergency help. Advantages 1) Provides a better security to the biker. 2) In the case of accidents, where every minute is important, the user can be traced within a second, so asto provide him with all necessary help will be simplified. 3) Suitable during long distance journeys. BIBILOGRAPHY [1] [2] 332 Faezah Binti Hashim,“Intelligent safety helmet for motorcyclist” in April 2011 J.Vijay, B.Sarith, B.Priyadarshini, S.Deepeka,”Drunken Drive Protection System”, International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 2, Issue 12, December-2011 1 ISSN 2229-5518