International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 5, Issue 12, December 2015)
Smart helmet
Bindu Sebastian1, Priyanka K P2, Hridya Kuttykrishnan 3
1,2,3
vimal Jyothi Engineering College, Chemperi, Kannur, India
To trace out the location where exactly accident occur
using GPS module, and gives to microcontroller, then it
sends the SMS which contains the latitude and longitude of a
area to family members.
Abstract—A smart helmet is a special idea which makes
motorcycle driving safer than before. This is implemented
using GSM and GPS technology. The working of this smart
helmet is very simple, vibration sensors are placed in different
places of helmet where the probability of hitting is more which
are connected to microcontroller board. So when the rider
crashes and the helmet hit the ground, these sensors sense and
give to the microcontroller board, then controller extract GPS
data using the GPS module that is interfaced to it. When the
data exceeds minimum stress limit then GSM module
automatically sends message to ambulance or family members
II. OVERVIEW O F T HE P ROJECT
The main objective of the project is to make themotorcycle
driving safer than before. This is implemented using GSM
and GPS technology. The working of this smart helmet is
very simple; vibration sensor is placed in the helmet where
the probability of hitting is more which are connected to
microcontroller board. So when the rider crashes and the
helmet hit the ground, this sensor sense and gives information
to the microcontroller board, then controller extract GPS data
using the GPS module that is interfacedto it. When any
vibrations occur, GSM module automatically sends message
to ambulance or family members. A time switch is placed in
the system such that the rider can operate it manually in case
of minor accidents thereby stopping the functions of GSM.
I. INTRODUCTION
The thought of developing this project comes to do some
good things towards the society. Day by day the two
wheeler accidents are increasing and leads to loss of many
lives. According to a survey of India there are around 698
accidents occurring due to bike crashes per year. The
reasons may be many such as no proper driving knowledge,
no fitness of the bike, fast riding of bike, drunken and drive
etc. Some time the person injured, the accident may not be
directly responsible for the accident, it may be fault of rider,
but end of the day it’s both the drivers involved in the
accidents who is going to suffer. If accidents are one issue,
lack of treatment in proper time is another reason for deaths.
The many reasons for this such as late arrival of ambulance,
no persons at place where the accident occur to give
information to the ambulance or parents. This is a situation
we observe our day to day life, a thought of finding some
solution to resolve this problem come up with this idea of
giving the information about accident as soon as possible.
Considering three major factors for avoiding the accident
causes such as I. Make wearing the helmet compulsory. II.
Avoid drunk and drive. III. If person met with an
accident, no one is there to help him. Simply leaving or
ignoring the person he may die. In such situation, informing
to ambulance or family members through mobile to rescue
him for an extent. The idea ofthis work is to give
information about the rider wearing the helmet or not, he
met with an accident it gives an information about location
where he is met with an accident through GSM module to
mobile numbers family members, so we have chosen GSM
technology to give the information by sending SMS, using
GSM module.
III. B LOCK D IAGRAM
329
International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 5, Issue 12, December 2015)
Block Diagram Descripton
Contains these bellow mentioned units
1) Microcontroller ATMEGA328( Ardunio UNO)
2) VIBRATION SENSOR
3) AUDIO VISUAL INDICATOR
4) ROUTER
5) RS232 TO TTL CONVERTER
6) GSM MODEM
7) GPS
8) POWER SUPPLY MICROPROCESSOR BOARD
Audio Visual Indicator
These are the combination of LED and BUZZER which
shows different status like normal or safe condition, position
acquisition details, and message sending status etc BUZZER
gives audible alert. A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling
device, which may be mechanical, electromechanical, or
piezoelectric. Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include
alarm devices, timers and confirmation of user input such as a
mouse click. Early devices were based on an
electromechanical system identical to an electric bell without
the metal gong. Similarly, a relay may be connected to
interrupt its own.
Ardunio Uno
The Uno is a microcontroller board based on the
ATmega328P. It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6
can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz
quartz crystal, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP
header and a reset button. It contains everything needed to
support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer
with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or
battery to get started.
Router
Router circuit is needed because our microcontroller has
only one serial port. By connecting different serial port
devices at same port in same time will lead communication
errors due to the data overlap. This problem can be avoided
by using a tristate buffer IC 74LS244.
Power
The Atmega 328 DB can be powered via the USB
connection or with an external power supply. The power
source is selected automatically. External (non-USB) power
can come either from an AC-to-DC adapter (wall- wart) or
battery. The adapter can be connected by plugging a 2.1mm
centre-positive plug into the board's power jack. Leads from
a battery can be inserted in the Gnd and VIN pin headers of
the POWER connector.
It has two groups of tristate buffers each contains four
single buffers.Group ONE can be controlled by using Pin 1G
and group TWO by using Pin2G. Group ONE goes to High
impedance state by making 1G pin low and Group TWO goes
to High impedance state by making 2G pin low. This way the
devices connected by using these two groups are isolated .
Vibration Sensor
The Minisense 100 is a low-cost vibration sensor. It offer
high sensitivity at low frequencies. The pins are designed
for easy installation and are solder able. Horizontal and
vertical mounting options are offered .It also offers reduced
height version. The active sensor area is shielded for
improved RFI/EMI rejection.
It’s flexible PVDF sensing element withstands high shock
overload. Sensor has excellent linearity and dynamic range.
It may be used for detecting continuous vibration or
impacts. The mass may be modified to obtain alternative
frequency response and sensitivity selection. Piezoelectric
sensors are used here as the vibration sensors. Vibration
sensors are placed at inside the helmet in order to pick up
mechanical vibrations at the time of accidents. A
piezoelectric sensor is a device that uses the piezoelectric
effect to measure pressure ,acceleration, strain or force by
converting them to an electrical signal.
3.5) RS232 To TTL Converter
For connecting both GPS and GSM modem to our system,
an interface circuit known as RS232 interface is needed. The
interfacing IC is MAX232.
MAX232
It allows compatibility among communication equipment
made by various manufactures, and interfacing standard
called RS232.It was set by the Electronics Industries
Association (EIA) in 1960. Since the RS232 standard is not
suitable with today’s microprocessors and microcontrollers,
we need a line drive to convert the RS232 levels to TTL
voltage levels that will be acceptable to 8051’s TXD and
RXD pins. One of such converter is MAX232.
330
International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 5, Issue 12, December 2015)
The bi-directional NMEA 0183 v3.0 protocol offers
industry standard data messages and a command set for easy
interface to mapping software and embeddeddevices.
Power Supply
We use Built in power supply Ardunio uno board is
powered up by using a 9 or 12v adapter sensors and
interfacing circuits can be powered up using the on board
take of points. In our project electronic logic system such as
microcontroller uses +5V and other system such as relays
need +12V. Both these voltages are produced bythe power
supply circuit from the batteryitself.
On advantage of MAX232 chip is that it uses a
+5Vpower source which is same as the source voltage for
8051.
MAX232 converts TTL logic levels to RS232 logic levels
and vice versa. In RS232, a logical 1 is represented by -3V
to+25V, while a 0 bit is +3V to +25V. For this reason, to
connect any Rs232 to a microcontroller system we must use
voltage converters such as MAX232.
Working
Accident detection system is used to inform about the road
accidents mainly in rural areas to the authorized people if it is
a major one. It consist of a GPS receiver, GSM modem,
Arduino using ATMEGA 328 IC, vibration sensors, buzzer
and a power supply system. The heart of the system is the
Arduino uno board, which controls all other blocks in this
system.Here the vibration sensors are connected to the
Arduino through an analog pin(A0). Minisense 100 is used
here as vibration sensor. The vibration sensors are placed
inside the helmet in order to pick up the mechanical shocks
produced at the time of accident. An alarm circuit also
included with the system to produce loud alarm sound to
inform the nearest people that accident is happened. When an
accident takes place a mechanical vibration is produced. The
minisense 100 sensor which is the vibration sensor convert
these mechanical vibrations into electric voltage. The output
of this vibration sensor is given to the Arduino through an
analog pin(A0).When the Arduino detects an accident, it
checks the condition whether the voltage exceeds the
threshold voltage. Arduino takes further action if voltage
produced is greater. i.e. it takes the value of latitude and
longitude from the GPS receiver and transfer it to the preprogrammed mobile number via SMS through GSM modem.
And it operates the audio alarm. The voltages required for the
entire system is produced by the power supply system from
the 12V batteryitself.
GSM Modem
A GSM modem is a specialized type of modem which
accepts a SIM card, and operates over a subscription to a
mobile operator.It acts just like a mobile phone. From the
mobile operator perspective, a GSM modem looks just like a
mobile phone. When a GSM modem is connected to a
computer, this allows the computer to use the GSM modem
to communicate over the mobile network. While these GSM
modems are most frequently used to provide mobile internet
connectivity. It can also be used for sending SMS and MMS
message.
GPS System
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is the only fully
functional Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS).
This utilizing a constellation of at least 24 Medium Earth
Orbit Satellite that transmit precise microwave signals, the
system enables a GPS receiver to determine its location. A
GPS receiver is used here which detects the longitude and
latitude of the place where accident occurred and gives the
information to MCU. The ultra-sensitive GPS receiver can
acquire GPS Signals from 32 channels of satellites and
generate Fast position fixes with high accuracy in extremely
challenging environments and under poor signal conditions
due to its active antenna and high sensitivity.
331
International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 5, Issue 12, December 2015)
Circuit Diagram
IV. FUTURE SCOPE
If the accident makes fewer casualties for thepassengers
then they are able to operate the switch in the specified time.
But if they are abnormal the switch is not operated. MCU
checks the condition of the time switch for a specified time;
if it is not operated MCU performsfurther actions.
V. CONCLUSION
A system for intelligent helmet has thus been developed
which, through communication between a module in the
helmet and one on the vehicle ensures safety aspects. This
system detects the occurrence of an accident and makes
provisions to sound an alert through the use of a GPS and
GSM system. The accident alert feature arranges fortimely
help to be provided. The use of GPS system specifically
benefits if an accident occurs in a secluded area or at an odd
hour. The features of the proposed system can be further
extended to place a call to an ambulance when an accident
occurs and play a voice message indicating the location. This
can reduce the time required for emergency help.
Advantages
1) Provides a better security to the biker.
2) In the case of accidents, where every minute is
important, the user can be traced within a second, so
asto provide him with all necessary help will be
simplified.
3) Suitable during long distance journeys.
BIBILOGRAPHY
[1]
[2]
332
Faezah Binti Hashim,“Intelligent safety helmet for motorcyclist” in
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