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Volume - 5 | Issue - 4 | Oct - 2015
DEVIANCE AMONG KURUBA COMMUNITY
Sanjay Gandhi
Research scholar , Department of sociology, Karnatak University Dharwad ,
Karnataka state , INDIA .
Co - Author Details :
Dhruva B Jyothi
Professor and HOD , Department of sociology , Karnatak University Dharwad , Karnataka state,
INDIA.
ABSTRACT
Deviance is directly related to social
order and control, when a society functions
in an orderly way, people will generally be
observing most norms. Deviance occurs
when norms are broken or violated,
Deviance occurs among the people and it
may found among the group (juvenile)
level as well, this is due to the bad factors.
Particularly among Kuruba community
deviance occur because of bad habits, lack
of awareness and by imitation process,
because people are illiterate, ignorant and
lack of thinking power. When they commit mistakes either they may know or unknown.
KEYWORDS :Deviance and kuruba community.
INTRODUCTION :
According to Durkheim Deviance is universal and normal, it exists in all societies i.e. folk-urban
or traditional-modern) whenever people interact and live in a group the nation of deviance or deviant
occur. It is different to different people and different to different society. E.g.; drinking alcohol in
public place in common in America while it is deviant in Indian context. So we find deviant behavior
not only in Industrial society but also in community level where at industrial sector deviance may
occur due to fashion or due to modernization but at a community level deviance occur due to lack of
awareness, or due to imitation of urbanized world.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1 To know the reason of deviant behavior among kuruba community
2 To study the kuruba community people are under the influence of deviant behavior
3 To analyze the impact of deviance on kuruba community in future
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DEVIANCE AMONG KURUBA COMMUNITY
Hypothesis
1 Deviant behavior is more among 20-30 age group people
2 Deviant behaviors are more among rural residence than among urban residents
3 Deviant behavior impacts negatively rather than a positive one on society
METHODOLOGY
Researcher adopted primary and secondary source of data for my study and taken kurugodu
(rural) and Bellary (urban) as my area for conducting my field wok and interviewed 100 respondents by
simple random sampling method
IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY
Today deviant behavior are not taking place in a positive manner rather than this it is taken a
negative aspect of society where its impact is bad and harmony to the society and in kuruba community
the young generation is on a wrong path who are the futures of this community so it is an attempt to
know the causes and their impact on community so that we can prevent in their futher proceedings
NATURE OF DEVIANCE:
Norms are universal expected standard behavior particular social group. Deviance may be
positively sanctioned (Reward) negatively sanctioned (punishment) for eg: A soldier on the battle field
who risks his life above and beyond the normal call of duty may be termed deviant. This is positive
sanction. A person who murders another person who is against the norms and expectations of values of
a society it is negative sanction (punished). A third form of deviance is eccentrics, which are neither
punished nor rewarded e.g.: An old lady has 20 cats in her home.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE:
Physiological or biological explanations of deviance argue that particular individuals are more
prone to deviance than other because of their genetic make-up.
1.Cesare Lambroso, in his book L’Uomo Delinquente Lambroso argued that criminals were throwbacks
to an earlier and more primitive from of man. He claimed to have identified a number of genetically
determined characteristics which were often found in criminals-large jaws, high cheek bones, large
ears, extra nipples, toes and fingers and insensitivity to pain.
2.Sheldon and Eleanor Glueck claim to have found a casual relationship between physical build and
delinquent activity. They argue that stocky, rounded individuals, a body type known as mesomorph,
tend to be more active and aggressive than those with other builds. Their research has shown that
delinquent behavior is associated with mesomorphs. The British psychologist Hans Eysenck maintains
that there is a connection between personality traits such as extraversion and criminal behavior. The
modern supporters of genetic theories of deviance are more cautious than their predecessors. They do
not suggest that an individual is a total prisoner of his genes. Instead they argue that genetically based
characteristics predispose an individual to deviant behavior. Thus Eysenck states that heredity is a very
strong predisposing factor as far as committing crimes is concerned.
3.John Bowlby claimed that those delinquents who were ‘chronic recidivists, that is they constantly
broke the law with little regard for the possible consequences, had suffered from ‘maternal
deprivation’ during their early years. They revealed psychopathic traits, had often been raised in
institutions such as orphanages, and so been deprived of an intimate relationship with a mother figure.
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DEVIANCE AMONG KURUBA COMMUNITY
4.Robert C. Andry claimed that boys who had hostile and unsatisfactory relationship with their fathers
projected this hostility and acted it out in their relationship with other boys and authority figures.
THEORIES OF DEVIANCE:
1.Emile Durkheim’s Views: Emile Durkheim develops this argument with his discussion of crime in the
Roles of Sociological Method. He argues that crime is an inevitable and normal aspect of social life; it is
an integral part of all healthy societies’. It is inevitable because not every member of society can be
equally committed to the ‘collective sentiments’, the shared values and moral beliefs of society. Since
individuals are exposed to different influences and circumstances, it is impossible for all to be alike’.
Therefore not everybody shares the same restraints about breaking the law.
Crime is not only inevitable, it can also be functional. Durkheim argues that it only becomes
dysfunctional when its rate is unusually high’. He argues that all social change begins with some forms
of deviance. In order for change to occur, yesterday’s deviance must become today’s normality. Since a
certain amount of change is healthy for society, so it can progress rather than stagnate-so is deviance.
2.Robert K. Merton’s views: The development of modern theories of deviant behavior of individuals in
society very much to R.K. Merton whose ideas are clearly expressed in his seminal essay ‘Social
Structure and Anomie’ in Social Theory and Social Structure’. Merton argues that deviance result not
from ‘pathological personalities’ but from the culture and structure of society itself. Merton
distinguishes between two key elements of the social structure: the goals and rewards which are
recognized as appropriate and commendable objects for individual striving, the attainment of which
confers status, and those methods of achieving then which are regarded as legitimate. The structural
pressures towards deviance arise from discrepancies between culturally determined goals, on the one
hand, and the availability of legitimate means for attaining them on the other.
3.Richard A. Cloward and Lyoyd E. Ohlin: In Delinquency and Opportunity the American sociologists
Cloward and Ohlin combine and develop many of the insights of Merton and Cohen. While largely
accepting Merton’s view of working-class criminal deviance, they argue that Merton has only dealt with
half the picture. He has explained deviance in terms of the ‘legitimate opportunity structure’ but failed
to consider the ‘illegitimate opportunity structure’. Thus, just as opportunity to be successful b
legitimate means varies, so does opportunity for success by illegitimate means. For example, in one
area there may be a thriving adult criminal sub-culture which may provide access for adolescents, in
another area this sub-culture may not exist. Thus, in the first area, the adolescent has more opportunity
to become a successful criminal. By examining access and opportunity for entry into illegitimate
opportunity structure, Cloward and Ohlin provide an explanation for different forms of deviance.
They begin their explanation of working-class delinquency from the same point as Merton.
There is greater pressure on numbers of the working class to deviate because they have less
opportunity to succeed by legitimate means. Cloward and Ohlin then distinguish three possible
responses to this situation, the ‘criminal sub-culture’, the ‘conflict sub-culture’ and the ‘retreatist subculture’. The development of one or other of these responses of young people depends upon their
access to and performance in terms of the illegitimate opportunity structure.
TYPES OF CRIME AMONG KURUBA COMMUNITY:
1.Crime without Victims:
Offences from which no body suffers other than the offender include gambling, prostitution,
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DEVIANCE AMONG KURUBA COMMUNITY
vagrancy, illicit drug use, public drunkenness, juvenile runaway etc. These crimes are not directed
against anyone so, the punishment is mild. These types of crime are often not reported or charged. The
offender does not feel guilt at his offence. Such crimes are very difficult to control. In kuruba
community 60% of the people are affected by this type of deviance as they are illiterate and ignorant
2.Organized Crimes:
Organized crimes are the systematic illegal activities which take the form of lucrative business
and are co-ordinate by a network of powerful persons, often with the hidden support from government
organizations like the police force, bureaucracy and political parties. These are different from local
criminal organizations and sporadic crimes. Organized crimes involve the scale theft and robbery etc.
this is more among kuruba community as their returns based on occupation are low and less profitable
3 Juvenile Delinquency:
Delinquency is the deviant behavior. But in sociological parlance, the term delinquency is
increasing associated with the concept of juvenile which means adulthood. Juvenile delinquency
therefore deals with deviant and criminal behavior of younger people. The maximum age defined for
juvenile delinquency varies from state to state. On India it is 16 years. Juvenile delinquency is present in
all societies but it is widely prevalent in modern industrial societies of the west. It is the outcome of
rapid urbanization and industrialization. These two processes have changed social structure and
effected kinship and family pattern and their personality. A broken home produces schizophrenic
personality of the children which is also a common feature of industrial society. And more over kuruba
community people are illiterate and ignorant children do not get proper socialization, affected to bad
habits this makes children to commit crime like robbery
As child comes in close contact with a peer group which engages in deviant behaviors like using
vulgar language, stealing, throwing stones and pebbles at animals, telling lies most of time, sneaking
into other people’s house etc, he quickly learns these behavior.(Ram Ahuja 2000:Social Problems in
India
Factors influence Kuruba community:
Parsons defines that the deviant behavior occurs mainly due to the faulty socialization among
the people in the community level, people in the community are neglecting the good behaviors’ and
concentrate more on negative aspects of man so this leads to the deviant behavior, good work done by
the people in the community are rewarded covertly while the wrong work is presented overtly in all
community this type of act is also found among the kuruba community this happens because of half
consciousness and as people in kuruba community are illiterate and ignorant they fail to understand
the impact of their committed mistake, moreover people are least bother about the norms of society
because they do not feel the social responsibility for the betterment of society so they commit crime
which affect the social order of society which leads them to punish and loss of respect in society and
lack of awareness among their rights and responsibility politicians plays a role to commit crime for their
benefits and the people of this community are forced for deviant behavior as they (politicians)
picturised that deviant behavior is a kind of patriotism for the community and regarded as truly
legitimate than expected behavior and more over people of kuruba community show loyalty of
sentiments to the group that they belong where people are closely bounded to each other and they are
ready to take risk for the sake of group as the members are depend ended each other for co operation
and find hard to let them down and suffer from disapproval and rejection even if he no longer believes
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DEVIANCE AMONG KURUBA COMMUNITY
in their activity.
Table-1
AG E
15-24
25-34
35-44
45-54
Total
Respondents
60
20
10
10
100
Per centag e
60
20
10
10
100
Above Table.1 researcher analyze that the 15- 24 age group respondents constitute 60% as it is
major part among kuruba community people as this group indicates youngsters as the children are
illiterate , ignorant and because of poor condition makes children to commit a petty crimes like robbery,
cheating and 25-34 age group respondents indicates 20% who are commit a crime because of their
personal reason like domestic violence , and of their bad habits like drinking etc and 35-44 age group
indicates 10% these people involves in cheating others by other people as the kuruba people are
ignorant and 45- 54 age group respondents are commit crime for revenge for their injustice done to
their family members
Table- 2
School
Primary
High school
Puc
Degree
Total
Respondents
10
50
30
10
100
Percentage
10
50
30
10
100
In Table 2 we found that in kuruba community in 50%of students at high school level become
victim of deviant behavior as they are attracted to bad habits and commit a crime like robbery etc and in
puc children are usually come out of their village for their studies so there would not have any kind of
binding on them and easily become the victim of deviant by the peer group and at degree level because
of their poor condition they commit crime
Table-3
Qualification
Illiterate
Literate
Total
Respondents
75
25
100
percentage
75
25
100
Table.3 table describes that deviant behavior found more among illiterate people rather than
literate as illiterate people in kuruba community become easily victim as they listen the words of other
and they are ignorant about the impact and while literate people commit a crime knowing the impact
and they are hell responsible for the situation
Table - 4
Place
Rural
Urban
Total
Respondents
60
40
100
Percentage
60
40
100
Table.4 explains that Deviant behavior is more among rural respondents constitute 60% as
these people are illiterate, easily addicted to bad habits and lack of thinking power and they believe in
emotionale words of other people easily and commit crime while in uraban area only 40% of kuruba
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5
DEVIANCE AMONG KURUBA COMMUNITY
people commit crime because of the personal problems (property issue, alcohol, and in case of
revenge) etc
Impact of the Deviance on kuruba community
1. By this young generation will not actively participate in the community building who are the future
builders of this community
1.kuruba community tradition and their practices will be deminished if this situation goes on continue
2.if the present situation continues their would not be any further voice to be rised for the upliftment of
kuruba community
3.kuruba community will have a strength in number but not in progress in future up coming days
4.and lastly kuruba comminty will be look down as a neglected community if this situation continues
CONCLUSION:
Social Deviance is a variation from the norms of society that represents some form of
undesirable difference Deviance is a culturally relative concept, depending upon time, place and
audience. And social deviance is one way of adopting a culture to a social change thus deviant behavior
often represents tomorrow adaptation, however, conformity is not always adaptive, and nonconformity is not always maladaptive. Neoclassical theorists de-emphasized the difference between
conformity and deviance and concentrated on the consequences of a given social structure on the
behavior of individuals. And contemporary theories have been concerned mainly with the process of
labeling, the assignment of stigma to a person or an act, and the acceptance of a position of neutrality in
the study of deviance.
REFERENCES
1 Clinard, Marshall.B (1968) the Sociology of Deviant Behavior, New York, Holt, Rinchart and Winston
2 Cohen, Albert, K (1977) Deviance and control, New Delhi, Prentice Hall
3 Cloward, R and Ohlin, L (1960) Delinquency and opportunity (London: Free Press)
4 Deviances and Control the Secular Heresy - Terence Morris Professor of Sociology University of
London
5 Graeme, Newman (1976) Comparative Deviance, New York, Elsevier
6 Karnataka da Kurubaru
7 Lemet, E (1972) Human Deviance, Socioal problems and social control (Englewood Cliff Prentice Hall)
8 Ram Ahuja( 2000) Social Problems in India
9 Shoham. S Glora (1976) Social Deviance, New York, John Wiley and Sons Inc
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