Working for our future – today
Senior
Chemistry
Wonderful water
Senior
Chemistry
Contents
Introduction
General objectives
Unit plans
Worksheets
■
■
Investigating the properties of different types of water
How clean can you get the water?
Griffith University laboratory experiment
References
Appendices
■
Class A+ recycled water in the Pimpama-Coomera region.
■
Fact sheet: Purified water.
■
Queensland Water Quality Guidelines: Appendix E (page 58).
Make your water mark!
Wonderful water
Senior
Chemistry
Introduction
Water is a precious resource around the
world.
It is made up of two hydrogen and one oxygen atom
bonded to form a polar molecule. Although the structure
is considered simple, it has unique properties that make
it essential for life on earth. It is the only substance that
naturally occurs in all three states. Ice, the solid state, is
unusually less dense than liquid water. According to the
Department of Environment and Heritage Protection
(Queensland), less that three per cent of our water is fresh.
www.ehp.qld.gov.au/water/caring_for_our_water
Wonderful water
The two work sheets
■
Worksheet: Investigating the properties
of different types of water
Students can make decisions about water
quality by observing and analysing data from
the field.
■
Worksheet: How clean can
you get the water?
Students can plan and modify experiments to
clean a sample of water.
The United States Geological Survey (USGS) states,
68.7 per cent of the fresh water is contained in
the ice caps, glaciers and permanent snow.
(http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/watercycleice.html).
Water dissolves salt, dilutes toxins and helps produce solutions,
such as acids and bases that we use in the laboratory.
Unfortunately, water is easily polluted. Pollution sources
include industries, gardens, sewage, recreational activities
and litter. The Department of Environment and Heritage
Protection monitors the quality of Queensland waterways.
Enhancing the learning experience
1. Plan a visit to the Pimpama Recycled
Water Treatment Plant to complement the
worksheet ‘How clean can you get the
water?’ This allows students to modify
their experiments when cleaning their
water sample.
www.ehp.qld.gov.au/water/caring_for_our_water
The quality of drinking water impacts on human
health. Every year 24 million people in the developing
world died from drinking polluted water.
Millions of dollars are spent each year to purify, chlorinate
and maintain the water we drink in Australia.
In this unit students will learn about the composition,
properties and function of water, while investigating
the quality of water from different sources using
volumetric and gravimetric analysis. They will analyse
the solubility of organic and inorganic compounds
in water samples using separation techniques.
The two worksheets link to the general objectives of KCU, IP
and EC; and can be developed into an ERT or EEI assessment.
Make your water mark!
2. Students can attend Griffith University
Gold Coast Campus to complete the
volumetric and gravimetric analysis
experiments or borrow equipment.
Experiments include testing for total
suspended solids (TSS), phosphorous, iron,
heavy metals, fluoride, water hardness.
Contact scienceonthego@griffith.edu.au
for more information.
3. Students can enter the Australian
National Chemical Analysis Competition.
The regional competition is held during
May and the national competition
in September and October. Students
complete a simple acid-base titration.
Senior
Chemistry
General objectives
Wonderful water
Senior Chemistry syllabus links
KCU
1
2
3
Ec
1
2
3
Knowledge and conceptual
understanding
recall and interpret concepts, theories
and principles of Chemistry - this includes
the abilities to remember, reproduce
and interpret subject matter such as
facts, definitions, formulas, terminology,
concepts, theories, principles, laws,
procedures, sequences, events, diagrams,
symboles, figures, systems and patterns
describe and explain processes and
phenomena of Chemistry - this
includes the abilities to compare
and classify the concepts, theories
and principles being explored based
on primary and secondary data
Ip
1
conduct and assess chemical research tasks-this
includes the abilities to formulate questions,
hypothesise, plan, manage, evaluate, refine and
justify decisions made during investigations plus
the critical reflection required to fulfil research goals
2
operate chemical equipment and technology
safely- this includes the abilities to safely select,
adapt and apply technological, laboratory
and fieldwork equipment and consider its
limitation; it also incorporates the ability
to do this individually and in groups
3
use primary and secondary chemical data-this
includes the abilites to analyse and extrapolate
from data, and identify relationships, patterns
and anomalies in primary and secondary data.
link and apply algorithms, concepts, theories
and schema of Chemistry-this includes the
abilities to adapt, translate and reconstruct
understandings in order to find solutions.
Evaluating and concluding
determine, analyse and evaluate the
chemical interrelationships in Chemistry.this includes determine the chemistry
involved, determine the simple and complex
relationships that exist between concepts,
principles, theories and schema and then to
critically examine the associated implications
predict chemical outcomes and justify
chemical conclusions and recommendationsthis includes the ability to explore
scenarios and consider possibile outcomes,
and then to provide justifications of
conclusions and recommendations
communicate chemical information in a
varitey of ways- this includes the abilities
to select, use and present data and ideas
to convey meaning, argument or a case to
selected audiences in a range of formats.
Make your water mark!
Investigative processes
Av
Attitudes and values
1
retain openness to new chemical ideas,
and develop intellectual honesty, integrity,
collegiality, cooperation and respect
for evidence and ethical conduct
2
develop a level of sensitivity for the implications
of chemistry for individuals and society
and understand that chemistry is a human
endeavour with consequent limitations
3
develop a thirst for chemical knowledge,
become flexible and persistent learners
and appreciate lifelong learning.
General objectives
Senior Chemistry - Information for teachers
Key concepts and ideas
1
S1
All matter is composed of atoms
1
The number of positively charged protons is equal to the number of negatively charged
electrons in a neutral atom, and determines all of the chemical properties of an atom.
5
Every element is assigned a unique chemical symbol.
S2
1
Materials can be categorised and represented symbolically and their macroscopic properties
can be explained and predicted by understandings about electronic structure and bonding.
2
The macroscopic properties are related to their microscopic properties.
3
Pairs of atoms may be bound together by sharing of electrons between them in a covalent bond.
5
An atom or group of atom covalently bound together may gain or lose one or more electrons
to form ions.
7
When chemical bonds, whether ionic or covalent, are formed between different elements,
a chemical compound is obtained which can be represented by chemical formula.
10 Materials may be elements, compounds or mixtures.
R3
1
The mole concept and ‘stoichiometry’ enable the determination of quantities in chemical processes
1
The mole, defined arbitrarily using the isotope carbon-12, is the basic quantity
in stoichiometric calculations.
2
Every chemical reaction can be represented by a balanced equation, whose coefficients
indicate both the number of reacting particles and the reacting quantities in moles.
4
The use of molarity for expressing concentration allows easy interconversions
between volume of solution and moles of solute.
1
R4
Specialised qualitative and quantitative techniques are used to
determine the quantity, composition and type of material.
1
Techniques such as volumetric and gravimetric analysis are used to determine amounts of reactants and products.
2
Specialised techniques and instruments are used in chemical analysis.
3
Qualitative and quantitative testing may be used to determine the composition
or type of material.
Make your water mark!
Senior
Chemistry
Unit plans
Wonderful water
Water as the ‘universal solvent’
Key concepts and ideas
S1
5
S2
1
2
3
R3
1
2
4
5
●
Individual development of skills to accurately make a
standard solution of 1M NaOH
(or another compound) and produce
dilutions from the standard.
●
Problem solving of different calculations
using moles, volume, molarity.
7
The following resources and fact sheets
are useful:
Learning experiences and geographical skills
●
Worksheet: Problem solving
●
Laboratory experiments to determine the
solvent properties of water using different
ionic, polar and non-polar substances.
●
Worksheet: Formula of ionic compounds (practice
sheet) http://www.creative-chemistry.org.uk/
gcse/documents/Module5/N-m05-24.pdf
●
Teacher exposition and collaborative learning to
analyse the results and link findings to the theory of
the structure of the compound, different types of
bonding and patterns within the periodic table.
●
Practical activity: A solubility curve for potassium
nitrate http://www.creative-chemistry.org.uk/
gcse/documents/Module21/N-m21-04.pdf
●
Practical activity: Making Standard Solutions
http://www.creative-chemistry.org.uk/alevel/
module1/documents/N-ch1-49.pdf
Analysing water
The following resources and fact sheets
are useful:
Key concepts and ideas
S2
1
2
3
R4
1
2
3
5
7
10
●
Worksheet: Investigating the properties
of different types of water
●
Quantitative analysis worksheets and equipment
notes for laboratory experiments to complete at Griffith
University Gold Coast campus or your school.
●
South East Queensland Water Grid
www.watergrid.com.au
●
Titration calculations
http://www.creative-chemistry.org.uk/alevel/
module1/documents/N-ch1-45.pdf
Learning experiences and geographical skills
●
Students could investigate; recycled, grey (prepare
false greywater) and potable water or use water
samples collected from different local sources.
●
Laboratory experiments to plan, collect and organise
quantitative and qualitative data on the chemical
properties and components of different types of
water. Students will use different experimental
techniques (volumetric and gravimetric analysis).
●
Interpret, analyse and synthesise data, and
explain relationships between the water quality
and different compounds, bonding.
●
Gather information from various sources and
use this information to form decisions, produce
conclusions and recommendations.
Make your water mark!
Unit plans
Senior Chemistry - Information for teachers
Cleaning water
Key concepts and ideas
S1
The following resources and fact sheets are useful:
●
Worksheet: How clean can you get the water?
●
Queensland Water Quality Guidelines: Appendix
E: Definitions of water quality indicators used.
5
S2
1
2
3
R3
1
2
4
R4
1
2
3
5
7
Learning experiences and geographical skills
●
Teachers to use information to stimulate interest about
the cleaning and treatment of wastewater. Wastewater
can be prepared by adding detergents, oils, different soils,
sand, fertilizers, acidic or basic substances to water.
●
Students to produce a hypothesis about their ability
to clean the sample of water and prove the water is
cleaner than at the beginning of the investigation.
●
Laboratory experiments to collect and organise qualitative
and quantitative data on the process of cleaning water, and
the analysis results; before, during and after treatment.
●
Students may choose from filtration, distillation,
chemicals to coagulate compounds. Different filters
can be made, or purchased from pet shops.
●
The investigation can be linked to a field trip to the
Pimpama Recycled Water Treatment Plant to initiate
interest in the investigation, or provide ideas for the
cleaning process. Email watereducation@goldcoast.qld.
gov.au for further information and to make a booking.
Make your water mark!
Unit plans
Senior Chemistry - Information for teachers
Useful resources
Web address
Learning experiences available
Australian and New Zealand guidelines for
fresh and marine water quality (2000)
This website provides information on the critical levels of
different foreign substances in water and water quality.
http://www.mincos.gov.au/__data/assets/
pdf_file/0020/316127/wqg-ch4.pdf
Creative Chemistry
http://www.creative-chemistry.org.uk/
This website includes powerpoints, worksheets, practical
and student activities that come with technicians’ notes.
It is a UK web-site so look under GCSE or
A-level for appropriate activities.
Gold Coast City Council
This website contains a variety of fact sheets about:
goldcoastcity.com.au
●
Delivering a sustainable Waterfuture.
●
Recycled water in Pimpama Coomera.
Griffith University Science on the GO!
E-mail: scienceonthego@griffith.edu.au
Queensland Government: South
East Queensland Water Grid
www.watergrid.com.au
Queensland Water Commission
Book a laboratory experience to complete the water
analysis experiments, or borrow apparatus.
This interesting website is updated weekly with
information on the water grid infrastructure,
detailed maps and water statistics.
This website has links to fact sheets about water quality.
http://www.qwc.qld.gov.au
US Geological Survey: Water science for schools
http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/mwater.html
Contains some interesting resources on water, including
a true/false quiz (http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/sc3.html)
that can test for misconceptions within your class.
N.B. It is an American web-site so information would
have to be changed to fit the Australian situation.
Make your water mark!
Wonderful water:
Senior
Chemistry
Problem solving
Wonderful water
1. Study the list of compounds and decide whether
they would dissolve in water or not; copper
(II) sulphate, sodium phosphate, potassium
chloride, glucose, methane (CH4), sulphur dioxide,
copper (II) chloride, ethanol (C2H5OH).
Molarity is the measure of the concentration as the
number of moles of solute per litre of solution. 1 mole per
litre is written as 1M. 1 mole of a substance is calculated
from the gram formula mass or molecular mass.
For example: 1 mole of NaCl has a
mass of 23 + 35.5 = 58.5g
2. Calculate how many moles are in the
following masses of compounds
a. 56g of KOH
b. 25g of MgO
c. 20mg of H2O
d. 9.8mg of H2SO4
3. The number of moles (n), the volume of the solution
in litres (V) and the concentration of the solution (c)
can be linked together using the following formula:
n = c x V (L)
For example: A solution consists of 0.56 moles
of potassium nitrate in 4 litres solution. What
is the concentration of the solution?
c = 0.56 ÷ 4 = 0.14M
Calculate the molarity (concentration) of the
following solutions using the formula above:
a. 0.5L of a solution which contains
0.24 moles of glucose
b. 0.20L of a solution which contains
0.010 moles of sodium chloride
c. 45 millilitres of a solution which contains
0.2 moles of copper (II) sulphate
Make your water mark!
d. 4.5L of solution which contains
12.9g of sodium hydroxide
e. 120 millilitres of a solution which
contains 5.8g of sodium chloride
4. Use a balanced equation and the n = c x V (L)
to complete the following questions:
a. 100 millilitres of 0.2M hydrochloric acid was
totally neutralised by magnesium hydroxide.
How many moles and grams of magnesium
chloride and water are produced?
b. 25 millilitres of 0.3M sulphuric acid was totally
neutralised by sodium hydroxide solution.
How many moles and grams of sodium
sulphate and water are produced?
5. A chemist has an unknown molarity of sulphuric
acid. To find the molarity of the sulphuric acid she has
to make a standard solution of sodium carbonate,
Na2CO3 and titrates the sodium carbonate with the
sulphuric acid. The equation for the reaction is
Na2CO3 (aq) + H2SO4 (aq) ------ Na2SO4 + H2O +CO2
The standard solution contains 2.85g of sodium
carbonate in 250 millilitres of solution. 20.0 millilitres
of the standard sodium carbonate solution needed
17.5 millilitres of the sulphuric acid to neutralise
it. Calculate the molarity of the standard sodium
carbonate solution and the sulphuric acid.
Worksheet:
Investigating the properties of different
types of water
Senior
Chemistry
Wonderful water
General objectives
Kcu
Ip
Ec
Av
Key concepts and ideas
S2
R4
Introduction
Water is essential for all living organisms.
for Australia states:
The quantity and quality of water in communities is
constantly analysed, surveyed and managed, to make
sure drinking (potable) water is ‘safe’. Water is recycled,
conserved, and pollution to our waterways is minimised.
The Department of Environment and Heritage Protection
monitors the quality of Queensland waterways.
“Recycling water is important in Australia because demand
is projected to exceed supply from existing water sources
in nearly all major Australian cities within 20 years and in
most cities there are limited opportunities for new dams”
www.ehp.qld.gov.au/water/
South East Queensland has experienced drought and varying
water restrictions for many years. Water restrictions can be
found on the Queensland Water Commission web-site
www.qwc.qld.gov.au
The National Water Commission for Australia states that
recycled water, stormwater, and desalination should be
considered to address water shortages throughout Australia.
The average person produces approximately
250 litres of wastewater each day.
According to the National Water Commission
Make your water mark!
www.nwc.gov.au
In Singapore, Belgium, UK and the USA, purified
recycled water has been used to replenish drinking
water supplies for more than forty years.
www.qwc.qld.gov.au
The Western Corridor Recycled Water Project is the
largest recycled water scheme in Australia and one of the
major projects to ensure South East Queensland’s longterm water supply. The project can provide up to 232
million litres per day of purified recycled water. (http://
watergrid.infrastructure.qld.gov.au/asp/index.asp).
Worksheet:
Investigating the properties of
different types of water
Senior Chemistry - Information for teachers
Task
Your report has to:
You have to gather primary and secondary data on
water quality, and use your evidence to produce a logical
argument to support or refute the following statement:
●
Incorporate and reflect on primary data
collected through experimentation.
●
Explain the relationships between the data collected and the
different chemical theories (compound solubility, bonding).
●
Include researched information and secondary data
collected from different resources - accurately reference
information and resources used in a bibliography.
●
Display all data in correct diagrams, flow charts and tables.
●
Justify that you have interpreted, analysed and evaluated
your information to support or refute the statement.
Planned indirect reuse of water is a viable option
to ensure the region has a sustainable water
supply and purified recycled water should be used
to replenish dams in South East Queensland.
Checklist
Phase and date
Component of task
Phase 1
Identifying different tests and collecting
primary data related to water quality.
Date:
Phase 2
Collecting secondary data:
Date:
●
Research information related to task.
●
Evidence of bibliography being developed.
Phase 3
Development of report
Date:
●
Analysing and evaluating information.
●
Development of ideas and design for report.
Phase 4
Submission of final report
Date:
●
Make your water mark!
Bibliography included.
Teacher’s comments and initials
Worksheet:
Senior
Chemistry
How clean can you get the water?
Wonderful water
General objectives
KCU
Ip
Ec
Av
Key concepts and ideas
S1
S2
R3
R4
Introduction
Your report has to:
The contaminants found in wastewater can be divided
into biological and chemical. Biological contaminants
include algae and bacteria. Chemical contaminants
include perfumes, salts, hydrocarbons and heavy
metals, such as cadmium, lead and zinc.
●
identify the hypothesis you are investigating
●
provide detailed descriptions about the
techniques selected to clean the wastewater
●
explain the relationships between the
techniques chosen and data collected
●
include researched information and secondary data
collected from different resources – accurately reference
information and resources in a bibliography
●
incorporate information on a wastewater treatment plant
●
display all data in appropriate diagrams, flow charts
and tables
●
produce justified conclusions related to your hypothesis.
Wastewater is treated by a variety of processes.
Many plants use a multi-barrier treatment process
to produce Class A+ recycled water.
The primary treatment of water involves the removal of
coarse particles and pollutants. The secondary treatment
removes organic matter and lighter solids and the tertiary
treatment removes suspended solids and nutrients.
These treatments use different processes; gravity settling,
sand filtration, microfiltration and biological nutrient removal.
The final stage to produce recycled water is
disinfection. This can be done by chlorination,
ultraviolet radiation or oxidation processes.
Many water quality parameters can be used to
determine how clean a sample is. These include
suspended solids and turbidity, biochemical oxygen
demand, pH and radioactive substances.
The Australian and New Zealand guidelines for fresh
and marine water quality recommend pH of recycled
water be maintained between 6 and 8.5.
(http://www.mincos.gov.au/__data/assets/
pdf_file/0020/316127/wqg-ch4.pdf).
Task
You have to investigate your ability to clean a sample of
wastewater using different techniques and present data
to prove the quality of the water sample has improved.
Findings must be written as a scientific report.
Make your water mark!
Worksheet:
How clean can you get the water?
Senior Chemistry - Information for teachers
Checklist
Phase and date
Component of task
Phase 1
Identify hypothesis and
planning of experiments.
Date:
Phase 2
Collecting primary data:
Date:
●
related to cleaning techniques
●
related to water quality
Phase 3
Collecting secondary data:
Date:
●
research information about task
●
evidence of bibliography being developed
Phase 4
Date:
Analyse results, form conclusions
and plan of report
Phase 5
Submit final report:
Date:
●
Make your water mark!
bibliography included.
Teacher’s comments and initials
Senior
Chemistry
Griffith University
laboratory experiment
Wonderful water
Worksheets for the quantitative analysis of:
■
phosphorous
■
iron
■
total water hardness
■
fluoride
■
heavy metals
■
total suspended solids
Note: Please refer to the Science 21 resource found within this Secondary School Kit, for the
Griffith University laboratory experiments worksheets: Quantitative analysis of phosphorous,
fluoride, iron, metals, water hardness and TSS.
Make your water mark!
Senior
Chemistry
References
Wonderful water
1. American Public Health Association (1995), Standard Methods for the
Examination of Water and Wastewater, 19th Edition.
2. Australian Government National Water Commission (2006). Distilled Newsletter, Edition 9 June 2006.
Retrieved January 2008 from http://www.nwc.gov.au/PUBLICATIONS/newsletter/nwc_newsletter_9.html
3. Australian and New Zealand Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Water Quality (2000). The Guidelines- Volume 1.
Chapter 4. Retrieved January 2008 from http://www.mincos.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/316127/wqg-ch4.pdf
4. Gold Coast City Council (2005), Our Living City Report. Chapter 2: A Description of the Gold Coast Area. Retrieved
January 2008 from http://www.goldcoastwater.qld.gov.au/attachment/publications/our_living_city0405_chp2.pdf
5. Gold Coast City Council (2007), Recycled Water in Pimpama Coomera, Fact Sheet 5. Retrieved January
2008 from http://www.goldcoast.qld.gov.au/attachment/goldcoastwater/PC_FS5_recycledwater.pdf
6. Gold Coast City Council (2007), Gold Coast Waterfuture: Recycled Water. Retrieved
from http://www.goldcoastwater.qld.gov.au/t_gcw.asp?PID=3111
7. Gold Coast City Council (2007), Gold Coast Waterfuture: Wastewater. Retrieved January
2008 from http://www.goldcoastwater.qld.gov.au/t_gcw.asp?PID=156
8. Gold Coast City Council (2007), Waterways, Retrieved January 2008 from http://
www.goldcoast.qld.gov.au/t_standard.aspx?pid=182
9. Gold Coast Water (2007), Delivering a Sustainable Waterfuture, The Gold Coast Waterfuture
Strategy 2006-2056. Retrieved January 2008 from http://www.goldcoastwater.qld.
gov.au/attachment/goldcoastwater/GCWF_strategy_overview_Sep07.pdf
10. Queensland Government: Environmental Protection Agency (2005), Queensland Water
Recycling Guidelines December 2005. Retrieved January 2008 from http://www.nrw.
qld.gov.au/compliance/wic/pdf/guidelines/recycle/recycle_guidelines.pdf
11. Queensland Government Environmental Protection Agency (2006), Caring for our Water. Retrieved January
2008 from http://www.epa.qld.gov.au/environmental_management/water/caring_for_our_water/
12. Queensland Government (2008), South East Queensland WaterGrid. Retrieved January
2008 from http://watergrid.infrastructure.qld.gov.au/asp/index.asp
13. Queensland Water Commission (2007), Fact Sheet 2: How is Purified Recycled Water Made? Retrieved
January 2008 from http://www.qwc.qld.gov.au/myfiles/uploads/how_recycled_water_made_v7.pdf
14. Queensland Water Commission (2007), Fact sheet 3: Water Recycling in Other Countries. Retrieved
January 2008 from http://www.qwc.qld.gov.au/myfiles/uploads/International%20examples.pdf
15. Queensland Water Commission (2007), Purified Recycled Water Process Cycle.
Retrieved January 2008 from http://www.qwc.qld.gov.au/PRW+cycle
16. Queensland Water Commission (2007), Water Restrictions. Retrieved January
2008 from http://www.qwc.qld.gov.au/Water+restrictions
17. Queensland Studies Authority (2007), Chemistry Senior Syllabus. Retrieved
January 2008 from http://www.qsa.qld.edu.au/syllabus/1952.html
18. Saunders, N (2007), Creative Chemistry. Retrieved January 2008 from http://www.creative-chemistry.org.uk/
19. United States Geological Survey (2006), Water Science for Schools. Retrieved
January 2008 from http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/mwater.html
Make your water mark!
Senior
Chemistry
Appendices
Wonderful water
The Class A+ recycled water treatment process - pg1
Working for our future – today
The Class A+
recycled water
treatment process
Recycled water is an increasingly important and sustainable water resource
required in our drought-prone country, Australia. Council is developing
and implementing safe, robust and sustainable recycled water treatment
technologies.
Residents living in the Pimpama-Coomera area at
the northern Gold Coast are reaping the benefits of
Council’s sustainable water planning through the
Pimpama-Coomera Waterfuture (PCWF) Master Plan.
The plan is helping to create one of the largest,
innovative water projects in Queensland. Class A+
recycled water is being supplied to dual reticulated
homes and businesses in the rapidly growing PimpamaCoomera region. This is being done through a
separate water network, easily identified by purple
watermains, meters, pipes, taps and hoses.
Make your water mark!
The network provides residents to use Class A+
recycled water for flushing toilets, watering gardens
and washing cars whenever they choose.
The recycled water treatment plant at Pimpama
produces Class A+ recycled water, which is
Queensland’s highest quality
ty recycled water
not intended for drinking purposes.
Appendices
Senior Chemistry - Information for teachers
Guide to living with Class A+ reycled water in the Pimpama-Coomera region - pg4
Class A+ recycled water in Pimpama-Coomera
All new homes and businesses in the Pimpama-Coomera area have two separate pipe networks supplying their
water. This means they are connected to both the potable (drinking) water network and the Class A+ recycled water
network. For easy identification, the entire Class A+ recycled water network is coloured purple, including water mains,
meters, pipes, taps and hoses.
Class A+ recycled water is available to the Pimpama-Coomera community and is high quality recycled water not
intended for drinking purposes. The cost of Class A+ recycled water is significantly lower than drinking water, allowing
residents and businesses to save on water bills. For the latest pricing information contact Council on 1300 000 928.
Class A+ recycled water
Can be used for:
Should not be used for:
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
toilet flushing
2
2
2
drinking
2
2
2
2
domestic evaporative coolers
3
external household cleaning
2
2
a water source for pets or livestock
Make your water mark!
gardens and lawns
filling ornamental ponds
car washing
fire fighting (except fire sprinkler systems)
construction and building purposes
dust suppression
irrigation of fruit and vegetables (should be
rinsed in drinking water before consumption)
cooking or other kitchen purposes
personal washing such as baths, showers, bidets
or hand basins
clothes washing
swimming pools and spas
recreation, such as water toys and playing under
sprinklers
filling rainwater tanks and other storages
Appendices
Senior Chemistry - Information for teachers
Guide to living with Class A+ reycled water in the Pimpama-Coomera region - pg5
Living with multiple water sources
D
am
The PCWF Master Plan aims to secure a sustainable water future for
residents living in Pimpama-Coomera by significantly reducing the
use of drinking water. It is unique because it provides a sustainable
solution for all elements of the urban water cycle – drinking water,
recycled water, rainwater, stormwater and wastewater.
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Class A+ recycled water
Class A+ recycled water is supplied to
specially plumbed dual reticulated homes
and businesses for toilet flushing and
external non-drinking use.
The entire Class A+ recycled water network
is coloured purple including water mains,
meters, pipes and taps.
Recycled water treatment plant
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Kitchen
Bathroom
Toilet
Laundry - sink
Laundry - washing machine
Hot water system
Back-up supply in rainwater tanks
Outdoor taps (including irrigation systems)
Drinking water
Rainwater from tanks
Class A+ recycled water*
3
3
2
3
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
Optional
3(cold water tap only)
2
2
3
* Class A+ recycled water is the highest quality recycled water in Queensland not intended for drinking purposes.
Make your water mark!
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Tertiary treated recycled water from the
wastewater treatment plant goes through three
additional processes at the recycled water
treatment plant to produce Class A+ recycled
water.
3(minimum of two)
Appendices
Senior Chemistry - Information for teachers
Guide to living with Class A+ reycled water in the Pimpama-Coomera region - pg6
Key
Drinking water
Rainwater
Drinking water
Wastewater
Drinking water is used in kitchens, bathrooms,
laundries and to ‘top up’ rainwater tanks.
Tertiary treated wastewater
Recycled water (Class A+)
Stormwater management (WSUD)
Stormwater management - Water Sensitive Urban Design
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The 7000 hectare Pimpama-Coomera area boasts a green,
environmental feel as traditional concrete guttering is replaced with
Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD). WSUD incorporates a variety
of initiatives to assist in the collection and management of
stormwater run-off in an efficient, cost-effective and
environmentally-friendly way. These initiatives include:
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rainwater tanks
wetlands and ponds
swales
Swales are ‘v’ shaped ditches used instead of traditional gutters or
kerbs. These are being applied to many parts of the Master Plan
region to help slow the flow and filter silt and other debris from
stormwater.
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WSUD can make your neighbourhood an attractive place to live.
Residents need to be aware of the proper ways to care for specific
WSUD elements. For example, swales should not be driven through
as this may damage them and decrease their effectiveness.
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Wastewater network and wastewater treatment plant
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Make your water mark!
Wastewater travels from properties in the region to the wastewater
treatment plant in Pimpama. The wastewater network is designed as
a ‘smart sewer’ system. Improved wastewater systems minimise the
amount of stormwater entering the wastewater network, reducing
the energy levels required to treat wastewater, meaning fewer
greenhouse gas emissions.
Wastewater is treated through a series of physical, biological,
chemical and disinfection processes at all Gold Coast wastewater
treatment plants.
Appendices
Factsheet: Purified recycled water - pg1
Make your water mark!
Senior Chemistry - Information for teachers
Appendices
Factsheet: Purified recycled water - pg2
Make your water mark!
Senior Chemistry - Information for teachers
Appendices
Factsheet: Purified recycled water - pg3
Make your water mark!
Senior Chemistry - Information for teachers
Appendices
Factsheet: Purified recycled water - pg4
Make your water mark!
Senior Chemistry - Information for teachers
Appendices
Senior Chemistry - Information for teachers
Queensland Water Quality Guidelines: Appendix E (page 58)
Make your water mark!