Contents
I N T R O D U C T I O N TO E - C O M M E R C E
Learning Objectives
Pinterest Attracts Global Interest
1.1
40
40
41
E-commerce: The Revolution Is Just Beginning
45
The First 30 Seconds 47
What is E-commerce? 50
The Difference Between E-commerce and E-business
51
Why Study E-commerce? 52
Eight Unique Features of E-commerce Technology
52
Ubiquity 54
Global Reach 54
Universal Standards 54
Richness 55
Interactivity 55
Information Density
55
Personalization/Customization 56
Social Technology: User Content Generation and Social Networking
Web 2.0: Play My Version 57
Types of E-commerce
59
Business-to-Consumer (B2C) E-commerce
60
Business-to-Business (B2B) E-commerce 60
Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C) E-commerce
60
Social E-commerce 60
Mobile E-commerce (M-commerce) 61
Local E-commerce 61
Growth of the Internet and the Web
61
Origins and Growth of E-commerce
62
56
21
22
C o n t e n t s
Insight on Technology: Spider Webs, Bow Ties, Scale-free Networks, and the Deep
Web
1.2
63
Technology and E-commerce in Perspective
66
Potential Limitations on the Growth of B2C E-commerce
E-commerce: A Brief History
69
E-commerce 1995-2000: Invention
69
E-commerce 2001-2006: Consolidation
73
E-commerce 2007-Present: Reinvention
73
Assessing E-commerce: Successes, Surprises, and Failures
Insight on Business: Is the Party Already Over?
Predictions for the Future: More Surprises
1.3
78
Insigh t on Society: Facebook and the Age of Privacy
1.5
74
75
Understanding E-commerce: Organizing Themes
Technology: Infrastructure
82
Business: Basic Concepts 84
Society: Taming the Juggernaut
84
Academic Disciplines Concerned with E-commerce
Technical Approaches
88
Behavioral Approaches
88
1.4
67
82
85
88
Case Study: The Pirate Bay: The World's Most Resilient Copyright
Infringer?
89
Review
93
Key Concepts
93
Questions 96
Projects
97
98
E - C O M M E R C E I N F R A S T R U C T U R E : T H E INTERNET, W E B , A N D M O B I L E P L A T F O R M
Learning Objectives
98
Google Glass: Augment My Reality
2.1
99
The Internet: Technology Background
102
The Evolution of the Internet: 1961 - T h e Present
104
The Internet: Key Technology Concepts
108
Packet Switching
108
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
IP Addresses 110
110
C o n t e n t s
2.2
2.3
Domain Names, DNS, and URLs
112
Client/Server Computing
113
The New Client: The Mobile Platform
115
The Internet "Cloud Computing" Model: Software and Hardware as a
Service
116
Other Internet Protocols and Utility Programs
117
Internet Protocols: HTTP, E-mail Protocols, FTP, Telnet, and SSL/TLS
Utility Programs: Ping and Tracert
118
The Internet Today
119
The Internet Backbone
Internet Exchange Points
Campus Area Networks
Internet Service Providers
Intranets and Extranets
Who Governs the Internet?
121
122
122
124
126
126
The Future Internet Infrastructure
Limitations of the Current Internet
128
128
Insight on Society: Government Regulation and Surveillance of the
Internet
129
2.4
The Internet?® Project 132
The First Mile and the Last Mile
134
Fiber Optics and the Bandwidth Explosion in the First Mile
The Last Mile: Mobile Internet Access
135
The Future Internet
140
Latency Solutions
141
Guaranteed Service Levels and Lower Error Rates
142
Declining Costs
142
The Internet of Things 142
The Web
142
Hypertext
144
Markup Languages
146
HyperText Markup Language (HTML)
extensible Markup Language (XML)
146
147
Insight on Technology: Is HTML5 Ready for Prime Time?
Web Servers and Clients
Web Browsers
153
2.5
151
The Internet and the Web: Features and Services
E-mail
153
Instant Messaging
154
148
153
134
117
23
24
C o n t e n t s
2.6
Search Engines
154
Online Forums and Chat
157
Streaming Media
158
Cookies
158
Web 2.0 Features and Services
159
Online Social Networks
159
Blogs 159
Really Simple Syndication (RSS)
160
Podcasting
160
Wikis
160
Music and Video Services
161
Internet Telephony
161
Video Conferencing and Telepresence
162
Online Software and Web Services: Web Apps, Widgets, and Gadgets
Intelligent Personal Assistants
163
Mobile Apps: The Next Big Thing Is Here
164
Platforms for Mobile Application Development
165
App Marketplaces
165
insight on Business: Apps for Everything: The App Ecosystem
163
166
2.7
Case Study: Akamai Technologies: Attempting to Keep Supply Ahead of
Demand
168
2.8
Review
172
Key Concepts
172
Questions
176
Projects
177
BUILDING A N E - C O M M E R C E P R E S E N C E : W E B SITES, M O B I L E SITES, A N D A P P S
Learning Objectives
178
Tommy Hilfiger Replatforms for Global Success
3.1
179
Imagine Your E-commerce Presence
182
What's the Idea? (The Visioning Process)
182
Where's the Money: Business and Revenue Model 183
Who and Where is the Target Audience
183
What is the Ballpark? Characterize the Marketplace 184
Where's the Content Coming From?
185
178
C o n t e n t s
3.2
Know Yourself: Conduct a SWOT Analysis
Develop an E-commerce Presence Map
Develop a Timeline: Milestones
187
How Much Will This Cost?
187
185
186
Building an E-commerce Presence: A Systematic Approach
Pieces of the Site-building Puzzle
189
Planning: The Systems Development Life Cycle
190
Systems Analysis/Planning: Identify Business Objectives, System Functionality,
and Information Requirements
190
System Design: Hardware and Software Platforms
192
Building the System: In-house versus Outsourcing
192
Build Your Own versus Outsourcing
192
Host Your Own versus Outsourcing
196
Insight on Business: Curly Hair and Appillionaires
Testing the System
200
Implementation and Maintenance
200
Factors in Optimizing Web Site Performance
3.3
3.4
188
Choosing Software and Hardware
197
201
202
Simple versus Multi-tiered Web Site Architecture
202
Web Server Software
204
Site Management Tools
204
Dynamic Page Generation Tools
205
Application Servers
207
E-commerce Merchant Server Software Functionality
209
Online Catalog
209
Shopping Cart
209
Credit Card Processing
209
Merchant Server Software Packages (E-commerce Suites)
209
Choosing an E-commerce Suite
210
Building Your Own E-commerce Site: Web Services and Open Source
Options 211
The Hardware Platform
212
Right-Sizing Your Hardware Platform: The Demand Side
213
Right-sizing Your Hardware Platform: The Supply Side
214
Other E-Commerce Site Tools
217
Web Site Design: Basic Business Considerations
217
Tools for Web Site Optimization
218
Tools for Interactivity and Active Content
219
Bling for Your Blog: Web 2.0 Design Elements
220
25
C o n t e n t s
Common Gateway Interface (CGI)
220
Active Server Pages (ASP)
221
Java, Java Server Pages (JSP), and JavaScript
221
ActiveX and VBScript
222
ColdFusion
222
Personalization Tools
222
The Information Policy Set
223
Developing a Mobile Web Site and Building Mobile Applications
Insight On Society: Designing for Accessibility
Planning and Building a Mobile Web Presence
228
Mobile Web Presence: Design Considerations
229
Mobile Web Presence: Performance and Cost Considerations
Insight on Technology: Building a Mobile Presence
3.6
3.7
Case Study: Orbitz Charts Its Mobile Trajectory
223
224
230
231
233
Review
237
Key Concepts
237
Questions
240
Projects
241
E - C O M M E R C E SECURITY A N D P A Y M E N T S Y S T E M S
Learning Objectives
Cyberwar: MAD 2.0
242
242
243
4.1
The E-commerce Security Environment
247
The Scope of the Problem
248
The Underground Economy Marketplace: The Value of Stolen
Information
250
What is Good E-commerce Security?
251
Dimensions of E-commerce Security
252
The Tension Between Security and Other Values
254
Ease of Use
254
Public Safety and the Criminal Uses of the Internet
254
4.2
Security Threats in the E-commerce Environment
Malicious Code
256
Potentially Unwanted Programs (PUPs)
260
Phishing and Identity Theft
260
255
C o n t e n t s
Hacking, Cybervandalism, Hacktivism, and Data Breaches
Credit Card Fraud/Theft
263
Insight on Business: Sony: Press the Reset Button
262
264
Spoofing (Pharming) and Spam (Junk) Web Sites
267
Denial of Service (DOS) and Distributed Denial of Service (DDOS) Attacks
Sniffing
268
Insider Attacks
269
Poorly Designed Server and Client Software
269
Social Network Security Issues
270
Mobile Platform Security Issues
270
Cloud Security Issues
271
4.3 Technology Solutions
271
Insight on Technology: Think Your Smartphone Is Secure?
272
Protecting Internet Communications
274
Encryption
274
Symmetric Key Encryption
275
Public Key Encryption
276
Public Key Encryption Using Digital Signatures and Hash Digests
Digital Envelopes
280
Digital Certificates and Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)
281
Limitations to Encryption Solutions
282
Insight on Society: Web Dogs and Anonymity: Identity 2.0
278
283
Securing Channels of Communication
286
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) and Transport Layer Security (TLS)
Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)
287
Protecting Networks
288
Firewalls 288
Protecting Servers and Clients
289
Operating System Security Enhancements
290
Anti-Virus Software
290
4.4 Management Policies, Business Procedures, and Public Laws
A Security Plan: Management Policies
290
The Role of Laws and Public Policy
293
Private and Private-Public Cooperation Efforts
294
Government Policies and Controls on Encryption Software
4.5 Payment Systems
267
296
Types of Payment Systems
296
Cash 296
Checking Transfer
296
286
290
295
27
C o n t e n t s
4.6
Credit Card
297
Stored Value
297
Accumulating Balance
298
Payment Systems Stakeholders
298
E-commerce Payment Systems
299
Online Credit Card Transactions
300
Credit Card E-commerce Enablers
302
Limitations of Online Credit Card Payment Systems
302
Alternative Online Payment Systems
303
Mobile Payment Systems: Your Smartphone Wallet
304
Digital Cash and Virtual Currencies
304
4.7
Electronic Billing Presentment and Payment
Market Size and Growth
306
EBPP Business Models
306
305
4.8
Case Study: Online Payment Marketplace: Goat Rodeo
4.9
Review
313
Key Concepts
313
Questions
317
Projects
318
308
BUSINESS M O D E L S FOR E - C O M M E R C E
Learning Objectives
320
320
Tweet Tweet: What's Your Business Model?
32 7
5.1
E-commerce Business Models
325
Introduction
325
Eight Key Elements of a Business Model
325
Value Proposition
326
Revenue Model
326
Market Opportunity
328
Insight on Society: Foursquare Checks Out a Revenue Model
Competitive Environment
332
Competitive Advantage
332
Market Strategy
333
Organizational Development
334
Management Team
334
Categorizing E-commerce Business Models: Some Difficulties
329
335
C o n t e n t s
Insight on Business: Is Groupon's Business Model Sustainable?
5.2
Major Business-to-Consumer (B2C) Business Models
E-tailer 338
Community Provider
340
Content Provider
341
336
338
342
Insight on Technology: Battle of the Titans: Music in the Cloud
Portal 344
Transaction Broker
345
Market Creator
346
Service Provider
346
5.3 Major Business-to-Business (B2B) Business Models
E-distributor
348
E-procurement
348
Exchanges
349
Industry Consortia
350
Private Industrial Networks
29
348
350
5.4 E-commerce Enablers: The Gold Rush Model
351
5.5 How the Internet and the Web Change Business: Strategy, Structure, and
Process
351
5.6
5.7
Industry Structure
353
Industry Value Chains
356
Firm Value Chains
357
Firm Value Webs
358
Business Strategy
359
Case Study: Pandora and the Freemium Business Model
Review
367
362
Key Concepts
367
Questions
369
Projects
370
E-COMMERCE MARKETING
Learning Objectives
372
Facebook: Does Social Marketing Work?
6.1
372
373
Consumers Online: the Internet Audience and Consumer Behavior
Internet Traffic Patterns: the Online Consumer Profile
378
377
30
C o n t e n t s
Intensity and Scope of Usage 379
Demographics and Access
379
Type of Internet Connection: Broadband and Mobile Impacts
382
Community Effects: Social Contagion in Social Networks
383
Lifestyle and Sociological Impacts
384
Media Choices and Multitasking: The Internet versus Other Media
Channels
385
Consumer Behavior Models
385
Profiles of Online Consumers
388
The Online Purchasing Decision
388
A Model of Online Consumer Behavior
390
Shoppers: Browsers and Buyers
393
What Consumers Shop for and Buy Online
395
Intentional Acts: How Shoppers Find Vendors Online
395
Why More People Don't Shop Online
396
Trust, Utility, and Opportunism in Online Markets
396
6.2
6.3
The Digital Commerce Marketing Platform: An Overview
397
Strategic Issues and Questions
398
Can Brands Survive the Internet? Brands and Price Dispersion on the Internet
Online Segmenting, Targeting, and Positioning
401
The Digital Commerce Marketing Platform: Strategies and Tools
Conversations and Customer Engagement
403
Market Entry Strategies
404
The Web Site as a Marketing Platform: Establishing the Customer
Relationship
406
Traditional Online Marketing Tools
407
Search Engine Marketing
407
Display Ad Marketing
408
E-mail and Permission Marketing
411
Affiliate Marketing
412
Lead Generation Marketing
412
Sponsorship Marketing
413
Social Marketing: Sharing and Engaging
413
Social Marketing
413
Twitter Marketing: All the News and Views Now
415
Blog Marketing 415
Viral Marketing
416
Mobile and Local Marketing
417
Mobile Marketing 417
399
403
C o n t e n t s
31
Insight on Business: Mobile Marketing: Land Rover Seeks Engagement on the Small
Screen
419
App Marketing
421
Local Marketing: The Local-Social-Mobile Nexus
422
Multi-Channel Marketing: Integrating Online and Offline Marketing
Other Online Marketing Strategies
423
Leveraging Brands
423
Customer Retention Strategies
424
Net Pricing Strategies
427
Long Tail Marketing
433
Channel Strategies: Managing Channel Conflict
434
6.4
Internet Marketing Technologies
422
434
Insight on Technology: The Long Tail: Big Hits and Big Misses
435
The Revolution in Internet Marketing Technologies
437
Web Transaction Logs 439
Supplementing the Logs: Tracking Files
439
Databases, Data Warehouses, Data Mining, and Big Data
441
Databases 441
Insight on Society: Every Move You Take, Every Click You Make, We'll Be Tracking
You
442
Data Warehouses and Data Mining
445
Hadoop and the Challenge of Big Data
446
Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Systems
447
6.5 Case Study: Building a Brand: ExchangeHunterJumper.com
6.6 Review
455
450
Key Concepts
455
Questions
458
Projects
459
E - C O M M E R C E ADVERTISING
Learning Objectives
460
inMobi's Global Mobile Ad Network
7.1
460
Marketing Communications
461
465
Online Advertising
466
Display Ads: Banners and Pop-Ups
468
Rich Media Ads 470
Video Ads 471
Search Engine Advertising: Paid Search Engine Inclusion and Placement
Mobile and Local Advertising
478
Social Advertising: Social Networks, Blogs and Games
478
Sponsorships
482
Referrals (Affiliate Relationship Marketing)
482
472
Insight on Society: Marketing to Children of the Web in the Age of Social
Networks
483
E-mail Marketing and the Spam Explosion
486
Behavioral Targeting: Getting Personal
489
Mixing Offline and Online Marketing Communications
492
Insight on Business: Are the Very Rich Different from You and Me?
494
7.2 Understanding the Costs and Benefits of Online Marketing
Communications
497
Online Marketing Metrics: Lexicon
497
How Well Does Online Advertising Work?
501
The Costs of Online Advertising
504
Software for Measuring Online Marketing Results
507
Insight on Technology: It's 10 P.M. Do You Know Who Is On Your Web Site?
7.3 The Web Site as a Marketing Communications Tool
Domain Names
510
Search Engine Optimization
511
Web Site Functionality 512
7.4
508
510
Case Study: Instant Ads: Real-Time Marketing on Exchanges
516
7.5 Review 520
Key Concepts
520
Questions
522
Projects
523
ETHICS, L A W , A N D E - C 0 M M E R C E
Learning Objectives
524
524
Internet Free Speech: Who Decides?
8.1
525
Understanding Ethical, Social, and Political Issues in E-commerce
A Model for Organizing the Issues 529
528
C o n t e n t s
8.2
8.3
Basic Ethical Concepts: Responsibility, Accountability, and Liability
Analyzing Ethical Dilemmas
533
Candidate Ethical Principles
533
Privacy and Information Rights
531
535
Information Collected at E-commerce Sites
536
Social Networks and Privacy
537
Mobile and Location-Based Privacy Issues
539
Profiling and Behavioral Targeting
540
The Internet and Government Invasions of Privacy: E-commerce Surveillance
Legal Protections
545
Informed Consent
545
The Federal Trade Commission's Fair Information Practices Principles
The European Data Protection Directive
552
Private Industry Self-regulation
553
Privacy Advocacy Groups
554
The Emerging Privacy Protection Business
554
Technological Solutions
555
Intellectual Property Rights
558
Patent Reform
568
Trademarks: Online Infringement and Dilution
570
Trademarks and the Internet
570
Cybersquatting and Brandjacking
571
Cyberpiracy
572
Metatagging
573
Keywording
574
Linking
575
Framing
575
Challenge: Balancing the Protection of Property with Other Values
Governance
576
548
556
Types of Intellectual Property Protection
557
Copyright: the Problem of Perfect Copies and Encryption
Look and Feel
559
Fair Use Doctrine
559
The Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998
560
Patents: Business Methods and Processes
563
E-commerce Patents
564
Insight on Technology: Theft and Innovation: The Patent Trial of the Century
8.4
543
Who Governs the Internet and E-commerce?
Can the Internet Be Controlled?
578
576
576
565
I
33
C o n t e n t s
Public Government and Law
Taxation
579
579
Insight on Business: Internet Sales Tax Battle
8.5
Net Neutrality
584
Public Safety and Welfare
586
Protecting Children
587
Cigarettes, Gambling, and Drugs: Is the Web Really Borderless?
Insight on Society: The Internet Drug Bazaar
8.6
8.7
581
589
590
Case Study: The Google Books Settlement: Is It Fair?
Review
599
594
Key Concepts
599
Questions
603
Projects
604
ONLINE M E D I A
606
Learning Objectives
606
Spotify and Deezer: European Streaming Music Services Spread Around the Globe
9.1
Online Content
610
9.2
The Online Publishing Industry
607
Content Audience and Market: Where Are the Eyeballs and the Money?
613
Media Utilization
613
Internet and Traditional Media: Cannibalization versus
Complementarity
614
Media Revenues
615
Three Revenue Models For Digital Content Delivery: Subscription, A La
Carte, and Advertising-Supported (Free and Freemium)
615
Online Content Consumption
616
Free or Fee: Attitudes About Paying For Content and the Tolerance for
Advertising 617
Digital Rights Management (DRM) and Walled Gardens
619
Media Industry Structure
620
Media Convergence: Technology, Content, and Industry Structure
621
Technological Convergence
621
Content Convergence
621
Industry Structure Convergence
623
Making a Profit with Online Content: From Free to Fee
623
625
C o n t e n t s
35
Online Newspapers
625
Audience Size and Growth
626
Newspaper Business Models
627
Insight on Society: Can Apps and Video Save Newspapers?
629
Challenges: Disruptive Technologies
631
E-Books and Online Book Publishing
631
Amazon and Apple: The New Digital Media Ecosystems
What are the Challenges of the Digital E-Book Platform?
E-Book Business Models
636
Interactive Books: Converging Technologies
637
Magazines Rebound on the Tablet Platform
638
633
635
Insight on Business: Read All About It: Rival Digital Newsstands Fight
9.3 The Online Entertainment Industry
639
641
Online Entertainment Audience Size and Growth
642
User-Generated Content: Where Does It Fit?
643
Television and Premium Video
644
Movies 647
Music 651
Games 654
The Online Entertainment Industry Structure
656
Insight on Technology: Hollywood and the Internet: Let's Cut a Deal
9.4 Case Study: Zynga Bets on Online Games
9.5 Review 664
658
661
Key Concepts
664
Questions
666
Projects
667
SOCIAL N E T W O R K S A N D C O M M U N I T I E S
Learning Objectives
668
668
Viadeo Challenges Linkedln with a Multi-Local Approach
10.1 Social Networks and Online Communities
669
671
What Is an Online Social Network?
672
The Difference Between Social Networks and Portals
673
The Growth of Social Networks and Online Communities
673
Turning Social Networks into Businesses
676
Types of Social Networks and Their Business Models
677
C o n t e n t s
Insight on Society: The Dark Side of Social Networks
Social Network Features and Technologies
The Future of Social Networks
683
10.2 Online Auctions
678
682
683
Insigh t on Technology: Facebook Has Friends
684
Defining and Measuring the Growth of Auctions and Dynamic Pricing
686
Why Are Auctions So Popular? Benefits and Costs of Auctions 689
Benefits of Auctions 689
Risks and Costs of Auctions for Consumers and Businesses
690
Market-Maker Benefits: Auctions as an E-commerce Business Model
691
Types and Examples of Auctions 691
Internet Auction Basics
692
Types of Auctions 694
When to Use Auctions (and for What) in Business
698
Seller and Consumer Behavior at Auctions
700
Seller Profits: Arrival Rate, Auction Length, and Number of Units
700
Auction Prices: Are They the Lowest?
701
Consumer Trust in Auctions
702
When Auction Markets Fail: Fraud and Abuse in Auctions
702
10.3 E-commerce Portals
702
The Growth and Evolution of Portals
704
Insight on Business: The Transformation of AOL
706
Types of Portals: General-purpose and Vertical Market
Portal Business Models
710
709
10.4 eBay Evolves
712
10.5 Review 716
Key Concepts
716
Questions 721
Projects
721
E - C O M M E R C E RETAILING A N D S E R V I C E S
Learning Objectives
722
722
Souq.com: The Amazon of the Middle East
11.1 The Online Retail Sector
The Retail Industry
728
72 7
723
C o n t e n t s
Online Retailing
730
E-commerce Retail: The Vision
730
The Online Retail Sector Today
731
Multi-Channel Integration
734
11.2 Analyzing the Viability of Online Firms
736
Strategic Analysis
736
Financial Analysis
737
11.3 E-commerce in Action: E-tailing Business Models
Virtual Merchants
739
E-commerce in Action: Amazon.com
738
739
Multi-channel Merchants: Bricks-and-Clicks
748
Catalog Merchants
749
Manufacturer-Direct
750
Common Themes in Online Retailing
752
Insight on Technology: Using the Web to Shop 'Till You Drop
754
11.4 The Service Sector: Offline and Online
756
What Are Services?
756
Categorizing Service Industries
757
Knowledge and Information Intensity
757
Personalization and Customization
757
21.5 Online Financial Services
758
Financial Services Industry Trends
758
Online Financial Consumer Behavior
760
Online Banking and Brokerage
761
Multi-Channel vs. Pure Online Financial Services Firms
Financial Portals and Account Aggregators
763
Online Mortgage and Lending Services
764
Online Insurance Services
765
Online Real Estate Services
766
11.6 Online Travel Services
768
Why Are Online Travel Services So Popular?
The Online Travel Market
769
Online Travel Industry Dynamics
769
768
770
Insight on Business: Zipcar Shifts in to High Gear
11.7 Online Career Services
773
Insight on Society: Phony Reviews
774
It's Just Information: the Ideal Web Business?
Online Recruitment Industry Trends
778
776
762
37
11.8 Case Study: OpenTable: Your Reservation Is Waiting
11.9 Review
784
780
Key Concepts
784
Questions 791
Projects
792
B2B E - C O M M E R C E
794
Learning Objectives
794
Volkswagen Builds a Worldwide B2B Procurement Platform
795
12.1 B2B E-commerce and Supply Chain Management
799
Defining and Measuring the Growth of B2b Commerce
The Evolution of B2B Commerce
800
The Growth of B2B E-commerce 2011-2016
802
Industry Forecasts
803
Potential Benefits and Challenges of B2B E-commerce
799
804
Insight on Society: Where's My iPad?Supply Chain Risk and Vulnerability
The Procurement Process and the Supply Chain
807
Types of Procurement
808
The Role of Existing Legacy Computer Systems and Enterprise Systems
Trends in Supply Chain Management and Collaborative Commerce
810
Just-in-Time and Lean Production
810
Supply Chain Simplification
810
Supply Chain Black Swans: Adaptive Supply Chains
811
Accountable Supply Chains: Labor Standards
812
Sustainable Supply Chains: Lean, Mean and Green
813
Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
814
Supply Chain Management Systems: Mobile B2B in Your Palm
817
Collaborative Commerce
818
Insight on Technology: RFID Autoidentification: Giving a Voice to Your
Inventory
819
Social Networks and B2B: The Extended Social Enterprise
Main Types of Internet-based B2B Commerce
823
12.2 Net Marketplaces
824
The Variety and Characteristics of Net Marketplaces
Types of Net Marketplaces
824
E-distributors
826
824
822
805
809
C o n t e n t s
E-procurement
827
Exchanges
828
Industry Consortia
831
The Long-term Dynamics of Net Marketplaces
833
12.3 Private Industrial Networks
835
What Are Private Industrial Networks?
835
Characteristics of Private Industrial Networks
836
Private Industrial Networks and Collaborative Commerce
837
Insight on Business: Walmart Develops a Private Industrial Network
Implementation Barriers
840
12.4 Case Study: Elemica: Cooperation, Collaboration, and Community
12.5 Review
847
Key Concepts
847
Questions 851
Projects
852
838
842
39