 T he powers of a number can be calculated by multiplying the base, or radix, by the exponent.
 Numbering systems are used to count things.

The positional value of each digit in a number can be calculated by raising the base of the number to the power indicated by the position.
 Numbers in one numbering system can be converted to any other numbering system.

Converting to and from base 10 and any other base follows a set procedure.
 The hexadecimal numbering system is used as a short-hand for binary values.
 Whole numbers can be represented in binary by using signed or unsigned techniques.

Fractional numbers can also be represented in binary.

Binary values are also used to represent: characters, images and sounds.

ANSI (265) American National Standards Institute. An organization that works with industry groups to formulate and publish standards.
ASCII (266) American Standard code for Information Interchange -- A standard for storing text characters in computers; The ASCII standard allows representing 128 possible characters with 7 bits.
Binary (253) Numbering system with two digits, 0 and 1; a.k.a base 2 and is the basis for modern computing systems.
Bit (262) The abbreviation for "binary bit"; a bit is a 1 or a 0 and is the smallest representation in a computer system.
Byte (262) A group of 8 bits considered as one unit and used as the basic unit of measurement in a computer system; memory is measured in number of bytes, for example.
Exponent (265) In scientific notation, it is the power of the base and is multiplied by the mantissa to give the actual number.
Extended ASCII (266) A method for storing characters with an 8 bit code; adds 128 more characters to the original 7-bit ASCII code.
Floating Point (265) A method of representing numbers containing fractional values consistently; Uses a mantissa and an exponent, such as 3.44543E+8.
Hexadecimal (253) Numbering system with 16 digits, 0-9 and A-F; a.k.a base 16 and often used as short-hand for binary (one hex digit=four binary digits.)
IEEE-754 (265) IEEE-754 -- A standard for the binary representation of floating-point numbers; It is the
754th standard proposed by the IEEE
Integer Number (263) A number (+ve zero, or -ve) that has no fractional portion.
Mantissa (265) In scientific notation it contains the number's significant digits and is placed before the exponent
MP3 (268) A standard technology and format for compressing a sound sequence into a small file, compared with an uncompressed sound file, such as a WAV file.
Nibble (262) A term sometimes used to refer to 4 bits (half a byte.)
Pixel (267) The basic unit of programmable color on a computer image; Its physical size depends on the display device's resolution.
Positional Value (254) The numerical value each position in a number has; calculated by raising the base of the number to the power of the position.
Radix Point (254) The point that divides the fractional portion from the whole portion of a number; in the decimal numbering system, it is referred to as a decimal point.
RGB Encoding (267) A method of defining a pixel's colour and brightness in terms of intensity of the colours: red, green and blue.
Twos Complement (263) A method of representing -ve numbers in a computer system; a binary number is converted to twos compliment format by flipping or reversing the state of each bit then adding 1 to the entire word.

Unicode (266) A 16 bit standard for storing text or script information; defines 34,168 unique characters and control codes.
WAV (268) An audio file format that has become a standard for everything from PC system and game sounds to CD-quality audio.
Whole Number (263) A number (+ve zero, or -ve) that has no fractional portion.
Word (262) A group of bits in a computer system; the number of bits in a word depends on the machine but common word sizes are: 16, 32, 64 bits; A typical computer system manipulates bits in word increments.
1.) What does the subscript 10 indicate in the number: 3456
10

BASE 10 numbering system
2.) What does the superscript 10 indicate in the number: 2
10
 The BASE has an exponential value of 10
3.) What is the value of: 2
8

256
4.) What is the positional value of the first digit on the left of the binary number: 10110?

4
5.) What is the largest number of items that can be represented with 4 binary bits?

16
6.) What is the positional value of the A in the hexadecimal number: CAFE?
 16
4
7.) What numeric value in BASE 10 does the binary number 10101010 represent?

85
8.) What is the binary equivalent of the decimal number 345?

101011001
9.) What BASE 10 value is equivalent to 1C4B?
 7243
10.) What BASE 16 value is equivalent to 2576?
 A10
11.) What numeric value in hexadecimal is equivalent to the binary number ?
1011 1110 1010 1101
 BEAD
12.) What binary value is equivalent to the hexadecimal number C43A?

1100 0100 0011 1010
13.) What is the binary result of adding the binary numbers 1001 + 1111?

11000

14.) What is the twos compliment value of the binary number: 01110110?

10001010
15.) How many unique characters does Extended ASCII allow?

256
16.) How many pixels is a computer monitor with a resolution of 1024 x 768 capable of displaying?
 1024 Pixels
17.) What is the ASCII code (in hex) for the UPPERCASE letter A?

41
18.) How many different colors can be represented with a 24-bit pixel?
 More than 16 million different colors (pg 267)
19.) Which of these image formats ----BMP, JPG, GIF ---- is not compressed?
 BMP
20.) Any number raised to the 0 power returns a value of what?
 1