- - 154 Tissues: The Living Fabric - - 155 Tissues: The Living Fabric Unit Front Page - - 156 Tissue: The Living Fabric At the end of this unit, I will: □ Explain the structural and functional characteristics of epithelial tissue. □ Name, classify, and describe the various types of epithelia. □ Indicate the chief functions of each type of epithelia. □ Define glands and differentiate between endocrine and exocrine glands. □ Identify common characteristics of connective tissue and describe its structural elements. □ Classify and identify the types of connective tissues found in the body and indicate their characteristics. □ Explain the general characteristics of nervous tissue. □ Compare and contrast the structures and body locations of the three types of muscle tissue. □ Describe the structure and function of cutaneous, mucous, and serous membranes. □ Outline the process of tissue repair of a superficial wound. Roots, Prefixes and Suffixes I will understand and recognize in words are: □ ap-, areola-, basal-, blast-, chyme-, endo-, epi-, holo-, hormon-, hyal-, lamina-, mero-, meso-, retic-, sero-, squam-, strat-, epithet-, pseudo□ –crine, -glia, - - 157 Special Characteristics of Epithelium Description Function Location Simple Squamous Epithelia Simple Cuboidal Epithelia Simple Columnar Epithelia PseudoStratified Columnar Epithelia Stratified Squamous Epithelia Transitional Epithelia - - 158 Reading Guide: Chapter 4a Tissues: The Living Fabric Tissue Intro, Epithelia, and Glandular Cells Instructions: The specific instructions for various activities in the reading guides can be found on pages 12 - 23 and the grading rubrics can be found on pages 34-35 of your intNB. Refer to these pages carefully, as you will be completing reading guides all throughout this year. Since reading guides are a type of formative assessment, they are graded on completion, followthrough with guidelines, and quality. 1. Read pgs. 118 – 119: Introduction, Preparing Human Tissue for Microscopy and Epithelial Tissue. On page 161 of your intNB, write a GIST on the Special Characteristics of Epithelium. On the image to your left, page 158 of your intNB, label the apical surface and the basal surface. Color the connective tissue yellow, the basement membrane blue, and the cells pink. Color the cell nuclei red. Use the same color scheme for coloring exercises of other tissues in this reading guide. 2. Read pages 119 – 124: Classification of Epithelia Using the same color schemes as in the exercise above, color the different classes of epithelial cells on the three-tab foldable that your teacher will give you. Cut out the tabs and glue or tape the foldable onto page 160 of your intNB using the left strip of the foldable. You will fill in notes about these cells during lecture. On the table to your left on page 158, fill in information on each epithelial cell type’s description, function, and location. Figure 4.2 in your textbook will help you. Take NOTES. Don’t use full sentences. 3. Read pages 124 – 126: Glandular Epithelia. Write a GIST about glandular Epithelia on page 161. - - 159 Three-Tab Foldable of Epithelial Classification - - 160 Reading Guide Chapter 4a: Tissue Intro, Epithelia, and Glands GIST 1 Special Characteristics of Epithelium - - 161 Identify each of the following tissues: Tissue Type: ____________________________ Tissue Type: ____________________________ Tissue Type: ____________________________ Tissue Type: ____________________________ - - 162 Date_______________ Chapter 4: Tissues Introduction, Epithelial Tissue Classification, Glands - - 163 Label the following epithelial tissue samples during lecture Identifying Characteristics of Epithelial Cells Simple Squamous Epithelium Simple Cuboidal Epithelium - - 164 - - 165 Simple Columnar Epithelium Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium Stratified Squamous Epithelium - - 166 - - 167 Gland Formation Mode of Secretion - - 168 - - 169 - - 170 Epithelial Tissue Lab Materials required: Prepared slides, 1 microscope per pair, intNB, colored pencils. Part A: Microscopic Specimens Your assignment is to carefully view the following prepared microscopic slides, locate the epithelial tissue on the slide and then carefully draw a replication of what you are seeing under the microscope. NOTE: if you do not follow proper scientific drawing guidelines, you may not receive credit. Refer to pages 23 – 29 of your intNB, if you need to review the guidelines. An example of the quality expected of you has been provided on the opposite page. Tips for Success: Here is an example of the quality needed to receive credit for scientific drawings. Microscopic Original Reproduced Hand-drawn Image Required Slides to Study: A. Simple Columnar – Stomach OR Simple Ciliated B. Stratified Squamous C. Simple Cuboidal – kidney D. Transitional – urinary bladder E. Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Produce your drawings on the left pages of your intNB (pgs 170 and 172). Be sure to do the following for EACH specimen: 1. 2. 3. 4. Name the tissue Indicate the magnification of the image Color it correctly – as you saw it in the scope Label it with leader lines – horizontal lines, neat labels. Use the following labels when it is possible for each image: a. Apical surface and basement membrane b. Nucleus c. Lumen d. Connective Tissue 5. Annotate Extra Credit: Choose the Small Intestine slide. Find the lumen, draw the epithelial tissue and identify the type of epithelial tissue found. Hint – lumen in small intestine is in the middle of it. - - 171 Extra Credit: Small Intestine - - 172 Epithelial Tissue Lab Part B: Tissue Review Tissue Structure and Function – General Review 1. Define a tissue: 2. Use the key choices to identify the major tissue types described below: KEY: A. connective tissue B. epithelium C. muscle D. nervous tissue a. lines body cavities and covers the body’s external surface b. pumps blood, flushes urine out of the body, allows one to jump c. transmits electrochemical impulses d. anchors, packages, and supports body organs e. cells of this type may absorb, secrete, or filter f. most involved in regulating and controlling body functions g. major function is to contract h. synthesizes hormones i. the most durable tissue type j. contains an abundant amount of nonliving extracellular material k. most widespread tissue in the body l. forms nerves and the brain 3. Describe five key characteristics of epithelial tissue 4. On what basis are epithelial tissues classified? 5. How is the function of epithelium reflected in its physical arrangement? - - 173 Label the tissue types illustrated here. Identify all structures provided with leaders. For each, also identify the lumen space. Color the illustrations in an organized manner. For example, all connective tissue can be colored the same, yellow, for instance. a. ________________________ b. ________________________ c. ________________________ d. ________________________ - - 174 6. Where is ciliated epithelium found? 7. What role does it play in the body? 8. Transitional epithelium is actually stratified squamous epithelium, but there is something special about it. How does it differ structurally from other stratified squamous epithelia? 9. How does the above difference reflect its function in the body? 10. Respond to the following with the choices listed below. KEY: A. pseudostratified ciliated columnar B. simple columnar C. simple cuboidal D. simple squamous E. stratified squamous F. transitional a. made of one layer of cubed cells b. forms the epidermis of the skin c. lines the bladder, peculiar cells that can slide over each other d. made up of many layers of flattened cells e. composed of one layer of long thin cells f. found lining bronchial tubes g. makes up the alveolar sacs of lungs h. makes up the tubules in the kidneys i. the thinnest, most delicate epithelial tissue j. made up of one layer of cells, but appears to be multi layered - - 175 Chapter 4a Unit Packet Introduction to Tissues, Epithelial Tissues, and Glands - - 176 - - 177 - - 178 - - 179 Identify the following epithelial tissues and label each of the structures with leaders. Color in an organized manner. For example, basement membrane all one color. - - 180 6. 7. 8. - - 181 Color the following goblet cell and answer the following questions. Endoplasmic Reticulum 1. What appears to take up the majority of the space in the globlet cell and which organelle produces this structure? _____________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 2. What is contained within this structure?_______________________________________ 3. Relate how the endomembrane system (rough Endoplasmic Reticulum and Golgi Body, specifically) are involved in the goblet cell’s primary function. ________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ - - 182 9. - - 183 - - 184 Reading Guide: Chapter 4b Connective, Nervous, and Muscle Tissue Membranes and Tissue Repair Instructions: The specific instructions for various activities in the reading guides can be found on pages 12 - 23 and the grading rubrics can be found on pages 34-35 of your intNB. Refer to these pages carefully, as you will be completing reading guides all throughout this year. Since reading guides are a type of formative assessment, they are graded on completion, followthrough with guidelines, and quality. 1. Read pgs. 126-130: Connective Tissue Introduction, Common Characteristics of Connective Tissue, and Structural Elements of Connective Tissue On page 187 of your intNB, write a GIST that explains how ALL connective tissues are the same STRUCTURALLY. On page 186 of your intNB, color the areolar tissue and complete the matching section. 2. Read pgs 131 – 139: Types of Connective Tissue. On the left page 188 of your intNB, create a flow-chart or concept map to organize the different types of connective tissue. Your concept map must connect the following terms in concept “bubbles” to show their interconnected relationship: Connective Tissue, Connective Tissue Proper, Loose Connective Tissue, Dense Connective Tissue, Areolar, Adipose, Reticular, Dense Regular, Dense Irregular, Elastic, Cartilage, Hyaline, Fibrocartilage, Bone, Blood. In addition, for each of the above terms, include TWO significant facts that are interconnected to each bubble. The concept map has been started for you. 3. Read pgs 139-143: Nervous and Muscle Tissue; Covering and Lining Membranes On page 189 of your intNB, create an illustration of a neuron. Label the cell body, dendrites, and axon of the neuron. Be sure to use color. On page 189 of your intNB, illustrate the differences between a skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle in the 3-column table provided. Label your illustrations with “appropriate” structural characteristics to show the differences. Use color. On page 190, label and color the various types of muscle and nervous tissue. 4. Read pgs 143 – 145 On page 187 of your intNB, write a GIST about Tissue Repair. - - 185 Areolar Tissue Match the structure to the function (use letters) Coloring Instructions: collagen fibers [A] yellow. fibroblasts [B] blue. mast cells [C] purple . macrophages [D] orange elastic fibers [E] green (shade over the line) □ blood vessel and blood cells [F] red. □ fat cells [G] pink. □ □ □ □ □ 1. ____ 2. ____ 3. ____ objects 4. ____ 5. ____ - - Store energy Production of fibers Consume debris and foreign Fiber that makes up tendons Prevention of blood clots 186 Reading Guide Chapter 4b: Connective, Nervous, Muscle Tissue Membranes and Tissue Repair GIST 1 STRUCTURAL similarities in Connective Tissue - - 187 Connective Tissue Concept Map Dense Connective Tissue Connective Tissue - - 188 Neuron of Nervous Tissue Muscular System Skeletal Muscle Cardiac Muscle Smooth Muscle - - 189 - - 190 Date_______________ Chapter 4b: Connective Tissue and Tissue Repair - - 191 Label the ground substance, as in lecture: Fill in notes on Fibers of the Extracellular Matrix next to images: Collagen: - - 192 - - 193 Elastic Fiber: Reticular Network: Label the Loose Connective Tissue Areolar: - - 194 - - 195 Label the Loose Connective Tiissue: Adipose Label the Loose Connective Tissue: Reticular Network Label the Dense Connective Tissue: - - 196 - - 197 Label the Dense Irregular Connective Tissue: Label the Hyaline Cartilage: Label the Elastic Cartilage: - - 198 - - 199 Label the Fibrocartilage: Identify which of the following is blood tissue and which is bone tissue: a) _______________________ - - b) ________________________ 200 - - 201 To the right of the images, take notes from lecture on the steps to tissue repair: Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: - - 202 - - 203 - - 204 Connective Tissue Lab Materials required: Prepared slides, 1 microscope per pair, colored pencils (your responsibility to supply), pencil for drawing. Part A: Microscopic Specimens Your assignment is to carefully view the following prepared microscopic slides, locate the connective tissue on the slide and then carefully draw a replication of what you are seeing under the microscope. Tips for Success: ALWAYS view your slides under the highest objective Each slide is worth between $5-10. DO NOT DROP these!!! Your drawings should be completely accurate – not just circles or columns. If your picture does not look like hyaline cartilage, it CANNOT receive full credit. Your drawings should be in color and the color should match that seen on the slide. You do NOT have to draw every single cell you see in your field of view. Your drawings will serve as notes for the exam on this unit. The better your drawings, the more they will help you in preparation for the portion of the exam that utilizes microscopic images! Required Slides to Study: A. Adipose B. White Fibrous – which is Dense Regular C. Areolar D. E. F. G. Elastic cartilage Hyaline cartilage Bone dry ground Blood H. Extra Credit: Examine the pseudostratified epithelium slide and locate the cartilage. Draw, label, and identify it. Produce your drawings on the left pages of your intNB (pgs 185, 187, and 189). Be sure to do the following for EACH specimen: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Name the tissue Indicate the magnification of the image Color it correctly – as you saw it in the scope Annotate Label it with leader lines – horizontal lines, neat labels. Use the following labels when it is possible for each image: a. Fibers if they are present/visible. Name the specific fibers. b. Nucleus if visible. Name the cell that the nucleus belongs to. For example, nucleus of chondrocyte c. Lacunae if they exist in the tissue d. Ground substance, if you can distinguish it e. Check your notes on these types of tissues. And label all identifying characteristics of each. i. For example, you should label adipocytes, fat droplet, displaced nucleus, and blood vessel for Adipose Loose Connective Tissue. In Elastic Cartilage, you should have labeled lacuna, chondrocyte, elastic fibers, ground substance, etc. - - 205 - - 206 Connective Tissue Lab Part B: Tissue Review Connective Tissue: 1. What are three general characteristics of connective tissues? 2. What functions are performed by connective tissue? 3. How are the functions of connective tissue reflected in its structure? Using the key, choose the best response to identify the connective tissues described below. Key: a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. Adipose connective tissue Areolar connective tissue Dense fibrous connective tissue Elastic cartilage Fibrocartilage Hematopoietic tissue Hyaline cartilage Bone Dense Irregular CT 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. _____Attaches bones to bones and muscles to bones _____Acts as a storage depot for fat _____The dermis of the skin _____Makes up the intervertebral discs _____Forms the hip bone _____Composes basement membranes; a soft packaging tissue with a jelly like matrix _____Forms the larynx, the costal cartilages of the ribs, and the embryonic skeleton _____Provides a flexible framework for the external ear _____Firm, structurally amorphous matrix heavily invaded with fibers; appears glassy and smooth 10. _____Matrix hard owing to calcium salts; provides levers for muscles to act on 11. _____Insulates against heat loss - - 207 Extra Credit: Find the Pseudo-stratified Epithelium slide and locate the cartilage found among the tissue. What type of cartilage is this? What is the purpose of that cartilage? (It is around the trachea). Draw and label your slide: - - 208 What makes adipose cells look kind of like a ring with a single jewel? Nervous tissue 1. What two physiological characteristics are highly developed in neurons (nerve cells)? 2. In what ways are neurons similar to other cells? 3. How are they different from other cells? 4. Describe how the unique structure of a neuron relates to its function in the body. Muscle Tissue The three types of muscle tissue exhibit similarities as well as differences. Check the appropriate space in the chart to indicate which muscle types exhibit each characteristic. Characteristic Voluntarily controlled Involuntarily controlled Striated Has a single nucleus in each cell Has several nuclei per cell Allows you to direct your eyeballs Found in the walls of the stomach, uterus and arteries Contains spindle-shaped cells Contains branching cylindrical cells Contains long, no branching cylindrical cells Has intercalated discs Concerned with locomotion of the body as a whole Changes the internal volume of an organ as it contracts Tissue of the heart - - Skeletal Cardiac Smooth 209 Label the tissue types illustrated here. Identify all structures provided with leaders. - - 210 Connective Tissue Lab Part C: Table of Connective Tissue Characteristics Be sure to remark on amount of fibers, ground substance, presence of lacunae, etc. when describing distinctive characteristics. Use Notes, Textbook and Lab Manual to complete this. Type of Tissue Loose or Dense? Distinctive Characteristics Locations in the body/ Functions Sketch of typical cells Areolar Adipose Dense Regular Dense Irregular Hyaline Cartilage Elastic Cartilage Fibrocartilage Bone Blood - - 211 Label the tissue types illustrated here. Identify all structures provided with leaders. - - 212 Label the tissue types illustrated here. Identify all structures provided with leaders. - - 213 Label the tissue types illustrated here. Identify all structures provided with leaders. - - 214 Chapter 4b Unit Packet Connective, Nervous, and Muscle Tissues Membranes Tissue Repair - - 215 - - 216 - - 217 - - 218 - - 219 - - 220 - - 221 - - 222 - - 223 Practice Tissue Practical 1. 26. 2. 27. 3. 28. 4. 29. 5. 30. 6. 31. 7. 32. 8. 33. 9. 34. 10. 35. 11. 36. 12. 37. 13. 38. 14. 39. 15. 40. 16. 41. 17. 42. 18. 43. 19. 44. 20. 45. 21. 46. 22. 47. 23. 48. 24. 49. 25. 50. - - 224 Discuss these terms in your lab group, and circle the term that does not belong. Your lab group must have consensus and be ready to justify/defend your choices with the class. - - 225 Tissues: The Living Fabric Unit Concept Map (see pages 22 - 23 for directions) - - 226 Summary of One Objective Choose one student objective from the start of the unit (page 55) and thoroughly explain the objective question in your writing. Use the vocabulary that was included in your concept map. Be specific with your language to communicate your understanding of the unit. Underline or highlight vocabulary words that were incorporated in your summary. -- OR – Write a summary of the unit by thoroughly explaining the interrelationship between the terms that were used in the concept map. It is important that you define concepts in your explanation and include the vocabulary that was in your concept map. Underline or highlight the vocabulary words that were incorporated into your summary. - - 227 List of Greek and Latin Terms from Cell Unit: - - 228