Advanced Medical Terminology
Diseases by System – Endocrine System
Diseases - Endocrine System
Acidosis
(acid = relating to acid, osis = abnormal condition of)
A clinical metabolic disturbance characterised by an increase in
total body acid.
Acromegaly
(acr/o = relating to extremities, top, point; megaly = large,
great or extreme)
Enlargement of extremities (hands and feet) due to excessive
secretion of growth hormone by pituitary gland after puberty.
Occurs due to over secretion of the growth hormone during
adolescence and adult life.
Addison’s disease
Partial or complete failure of secretion of hormones by adrenal
cortex.
Adrenalitis
(adrenal = relating to the adrenal glands, itis = inflammation
of)
Inflammation of the adrenal glands.
Adrenopathy
(adren/o = relating to the adrenal glands, pathy = disease of)
Disease of the adrenal glands.
Aldosteronism
(aldosteron = relating to aldosterone, ism = state of)
Abnormality of electrolyte metabolism cause by excretion of
aldosterone secretion.
Cretinism
(cretin = silly, ism = state of)
Retarded mental and physical growth due to congenital reduced
secretion of thyroid gland.
Cushing’s disease
Abnormally increased production of hormones by adrenal
cortex. Symptoms include obesity and abnormal distribution of
hair.
Diabetes insipidus
A disease characterised by excretion of large quantities of urine
and constant thirst.
Diabetes mellitus
Metabolic disorder that is the result of inadequate insulin
secretion.
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Advanced Medical Terminology
Diseases by System – Endocrine System
Dwarfism
Congenital hyposecretion of growth hormone, leading to normal
mentally, but small and under developed bones.
Dysthyroidism
(dys = difficult, painful or bad; thyroid = thyroid gland, ism =
state of, condition)
Imperfect development and functioning of thyroid gland.
Endocrinopathy
(endocrino = endocrine, pathy = disease)
Disease of the endocrine system.
Euthyroidism
(eu = good, thyroid = thyroid gland, ism = condition)
Normal thyroid function.
Exophthalmos
(ex = out of, outside; ophthalmos = eye vision)
Abnormal protrusion of the eye(s).
Gigantism
Abnormal over growth of body due to excessive secretion of
growth hormone by pituitary gland before puberty.
Goitre
Enlargement of the thyroid gland causing swelling in the front
part of the neck.
Grave’s disease
A disorder of autoimmune disease characterised by
hyperthyroidism.
Gynaecomastia
(gynaec/o = relating to females, mast = mammary glands, ia =
state or condition of)
Excessive mammary development in the male.
Hypercalcaemia
(hyper = excessive or above; calc = calcium, aemia = blood)
Excess of calcium in the blood.
Hypercrinism
(hyper = excessive or above; crin = to secrete, ism = state or
condition of)
Excessive secretion of any endocrine gland.
Hyperglycaemia
(hyper = excessive or above; glyc = sugar, aemia = blood)
Abnormal increase of sugar in the blood.
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Advanced Medical Terminology
Diseases by System – Endocrine System
Hypergonadism
(hyper = excessive or above; gonad = gonads, ism = state or
condition of)
Abnormal increase of the function of the gonads.
Hyperparathyroidism
(hyper = excessive or above, para = by the side, thyroid =
thyroid, ism = state or condition of)
A condition due to excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone.
Hyperpituitarism
(hyper = excessive or above; pituitar = pituitary, ism = state or
condition of)
Excessive secretions of pituitary gland.
Hyperprolactinaemia
(hyper = excessive or above; prolactina = prolactine, emia =
blood)
A condition due to elevation of prolactin (hormone) levels in
blood.
Hyperthyroidism
(hyper = excessive or above; thyroid = thyroid, ism = state or
condition of)
Excessive secretion of thyroid gland. There is increased
metabolic rate.
Hypocalcaemia
(hypo = deficient, decreased; calc = calcium, emia = blood)
Decreased calcium in the blood.
Hypocrinism
(hypo = deficient, decreased; crin = to secrete, ism = state or
condition of)
Deficient secretion of any endocrine gland.
Hypoglycemia
(hypo = deficient, decreased; glyc = sugar, emia = blood)
Decreased sugar in the blood.
Hypogonadism
(hypo = deficient, decreased; gonad = gonads, ism = state or
condition of)
Deficient function of the gonads.
Hypoparathyroidism
(hypo = deficient, decreased; para = to bring forth, thyroid =
thyroid, ism = state or condition of)
A condition in which there is a decrease in level of parathyroid
hormone leading to low calcium and high phosphate levels.
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Advanced Medical Terminology
Diseases by System – Endocrine System
Hypophysitis
(hypophys = hypophysis, itis = inflammation of)
Inflammation of the hypophysis.
Hypothyroidism
(hypo = deficient, decreased; thyroid = thyroid, ism = state or
condition of)
Decreased thyroid secretions, characterised by lethargy and
decreased metabolic rate.
Insulinoma
(insulin = insulin, oma = tumour or growth)
A benign tumour of the insulin-secreting cells of the pancreas.
Ketoacidosis
(keto = ketone, acid = acid, osis = abnormal condition)
Acidosis accompanied by accumulation of ketone bodies in the
body tissues and fluids.
Pancreatalgia
(pancreat = pancreas, algia = pain in)
Pain in the pancreas.
Pancreatitis
(pancreat = pancreas, itis = inflammation of)
Inflammation of the pancreas.
Panhypopituitarism
(pan = all, hypo = decrease, pituitar = pituitary, ism =
condition of)
Generalised hypopituitarism due to absence of or damage to the
pituitary gland.
Pituitarism
(pituitar = pituitary, ism = condition of)
Disorder of the pituitary gland.
Pituitary tumours
Arise from mutation in a single cell of the pituitary gland.
Polydipsia
(poly = many or a lot, dips = thirst, ia = condition of)
Excessive thirst persisting for long periods of time.
Polyuria
(poly = many, a lot, ur = urine, ia = condition of)
Excessive urine.
Tetany
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A condition in which there is increased excitability of peripheral
nerves due to low calcium. It is characterised by sharp flexion of
the wrist and ankle joints, muscle twitching, cramps and
convulsions.
Advanced Medical Terminology
Diseases by System – Endocrine System
Thymitis
(thym = thymus, itis = inflammation of)
Inflammation of the thymus.
Thyroiditis
(thyroid = thyroid, itis = inflammation of)
Inflammation of the thyroid.
Thyrotoxicosis
(thyro = thyroid, toxic = poison, osis = abnormal condition)
Life threatening condition due to excessive thyroid hormone.
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