NMCB 23
SCWS PQS STUDY GUIDE
COMMON CORE
NMCB SPECIFIC
Revised April 2012
NAME
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Table of Contents
Common Core
101 General Safety Fundamentals
102 Naval Heritage and Doctrine Fundamentals
103 Administrative/Command and Control Fundamentals
104 Basic First Aid and Personal Hygiene Fundamentals
105 Hazardous Material/Hazardous Waste Environmental Safety Fundamentals
106 Supply/Logistics Fundamentals
107 Communications/Communications Security Material Systems Fundamentals
108 Weapons Fundamentals
109 General Military Tactics Fundamentals
110 Contingency Operations Fundamentals
111 Chemical, Biological, and Radiological (CBR) Warfare Fundamentals
112 Embarkation Fundamentals
113 Civil Engineer Support Equipment (CESE) Fundamentals
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13
23
34
44
47
53
59
75
91
99
114
117
NMCB Specific
101 Safety Fundamentals
102 Administrative/Command and Control Fundamentals
103 Supply/Logistics Fundamentals
104 Communications/communications Security Material Systems Fundamentals
105 Weapons Fundamentals
106 Embarkation Fundamentals
107 Contingency Operations Fundamentals
108 Civil Engineer Support Equipment (CESE) Fundamentals
109 Construction Operation Fundamentals
201 Warfare Mission Area
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3
5
6
8
11
15
19
22
28
This study guide has been developed by YN1(SCW) Lewis and UT1(SCW) Hardy, to aid
you in your studies for the Seabee Combat Warfare Specialist (SCWS) qualification. It
is the most updated PQS questions and it is only valid for the March 2010 PQS version.
It is YOUR responsibility to prepare for your SCWS test and oral board by studying
ALL questions in your PQS books.
For further assistance and numerous references, log on to NKO. Go to the Seabees
and Facilities Engineering community/learning center home page. In the left column,
choose Warfare for Seabees (SCW) and PQS. On the next page, choose Warfare SCW
PQS References or Warfare list of references (Additional References used in PQS).
II
COMMON CORE
101
101 GENERAL SAFETY FUNDAMENTALS
References:
[a] OPNAVINST 5100.23G, Navy Occupational Safety and Health (NAVOSH) Program Manual
[b] COMFIRSTNCDINST 5100.2B, Naval Construction Force Occupational Safety and Health Program
[c] 29 CFR Part 1926, Construction Safety Standards
[d] NAVEDTRA 14026, Construction Electrician Basic
[e] NAVEDTRA 14167, Naval Safety Supervisor
[f] OPNAVINST 3500.39B, Operational Risk Management
101.1 Explain the responsibilities of the following personnel as applied to safety: [ref. e, ch. 1, pp. 1
thru 8]
a. Commanding Officer –
• Responsible for the safety and health of all military and civilian personnel, the safe use and
condition of equipment, and the protection of all government property
• Ensures compliance with established procedures and work practices
• Ensures OSH councils and committees are formed at appropriate command levels
• Ensures compliance with current instructions and regulations
• Ensures all work places receive a safety inspection at least annually
• Establishes a Hazard Abatement Program
• Establishes NAVOSH education and training programs
• Coordinates occupational health support with the cognizant Naval Hospital or Regional
Medical Center
• Reviews and signs the Annual Safety Report
b. Executive Officer –
• Chairman of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Counsel, assumes the duties of C.O in
his/her absence
• Acts as Chairman for the OSH Policy Committee Meeting
• Enforces the CO’s safety policies and procedure
c. Safety Officer –
• Advises the CO on matters pertaining to safety, manages the command safety program,
investigates mishaps, monitors projects, shops, and special evolutions for compliance with
safety standards
• Organizationally on the immediate staff of the CO. A full time assignment.
• Maintains complete and accurate records on the accident, injury, occupational illness rate of
unit and submits monthly mishap summaries to Division
• Develops accident prevention and loss of control measures and programs
• Conducts safety and accident investigations, analyzes reports of occupational injuries and or
property damage to identify factors or trends
• As required, prepares specific safety rules and regulations for approval by the CO
• Instruction verification
• Reviews and approves all project general and specific safety plans
• Organizes and conducts safety inspections and surveys to identify violations, hazards, and
deficiencies in operations, facilities, and equipment
• Records safety and health violations through an aggressive Hazard Abatement Program
• Coordinates actions and follows up on corrective measures taken
• Maintains liaison with planning and design officials
• Assists supervisors in developing and conducting safety training. Provides consultation
services, advice, and guidance
1
COMMON CORE
101
101 GENERAL SAFETY FUNDAMENTALS (CONT'D)
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Technical authority in the procurement of PPE
Conducts hazard analysis of project/shop operations and develops safe working standards
and conditions
Consults and maintains liaison with key personnel during various planning evolutions
Submits minutes of OSH Policy and Safety Supervisor committee meetings to the CO for
review
– TRAINS, EDUCATES, TRACKS, INSPECTS, FOLLOWS UP
d. Department Head / Division Officer –
• Responsible for safety within their areas of responsibility enforces safety standards. Are
assigned as members of the OSH Counsel
• Ensures all safety regulations are complied with
• Promotes and strengthens the safety program through all levels of supervision by establishing
internal training procedures
• Plans all work with regards to safety and the safety related equipment or materials needed
• Supervises and monitors staff to ensure full compliance with all safety rules and regulation
• Picks the right person for the job at hand and ensures they are trained
• Reviews work procedures and takes positive action to correct all hazards
• Ensures proper tracking of all training and the complete thorough investigation of all mishaps
with timely submissions
f. Work Center Supervisor –
• Responsible for the safety of their personnel, develop safety plans, enforce safety standards,
ensure adequate PPE is available
• Be familiar with safety rules and regulations for jobs and facilities in your area
• Enforces safety rules immediately corrects any unsafe act or noted deficiency
• Inspects jobs and work areas for hazards and unsafe work habits
• Educates and trains personnel, sets the example
• Reports all mishaps in a timely manner
• Investigates all mishaps, determines the basic causes, and takes corrective actions to prevent
repetitive mishaps
• Ensures PPE is available and properly being worn at all work sites
• Knows personnel limitations, assigns the right person to the task at hand
• Posts appropriate signs and warnings
g. Safety Petty Officer –
• Monitors safety within their Company/Department/Detail. Initiate preliminary mishap
investigation within their area of responsibility
• Principle advisor to Company Commander/Department Head/Det OIC
• Normally an E-6 or above, must have attended the Safety Managers Course
h. All hands –
• Responsible for their own safety and the safety of their “Shipmates”. Everyone should be
aware of the hazards to which they are exposed and precautionary measures to prevent
personal injury or property damage
• Reports to work well rested and emotionally prepared for the task at hand
• Understands and follows safety and health precautions pertinent to work areas
• Reports to immediate supervisor any unsafe conditions or acts
• Cautions those who may be endangered by suspected, known, unusual or developing hazards
2
COMMON CORE
101
101 GENERAL SAFETY FUNDAMENTALS (CONT'D)
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Reports any mishaps to your immediate supervisor
Uses all PPE required to complete the task
101.2 Explain the functions of the Safety Council and the Enlisted Safety Committee.
ref. e, ch. 1, pp. 1 thru 9]
•
Safety Council
-The Safety Council convenes quarterly to develop recommendations for policy in safety
matters and to analyze progress of the overall safety program. The council consists of the
commanding officer or executive officer (chairperson), the unit safety officer (recorder), and
safety representatives from each department.
Enlisted Safety Committee
– The Enlisted Safety Committee makes recommendations about the command’s safety
program to the Safety Council. The safety committee convenes to exchange
information; improve communications; review conditions, mishaps, and injuries; and
suggest improvements. It makes written safety recommendations to the Safety Council
and the commanding officer. These meetings convene monthly to enhance
interdepartmental communication in mishap prevention at division and work center
levels.
101.3 Discuss the purpose of a mishap investigation and who’s responsible for conducting the
investigation. [ref. e, ch. 4, p. 4-1]
•
The purpose of a mishap investigation is to determine the primary and contributing causes of
the mishap. From those causes we can then plan corrective action to prevent a recurrence of
the mishap. To limit mishap losses, we must analyze the frequency of potential mishaps and
identify mishap causes. Investigation of mishaps is the responsibility of all levels of
supervision, from the first-line supervisor to the commanding officer. Division officers,
department heads, or representatives appointed by the commanding officer usually investigate
serious injury or major property damage mishaps. First- and second-line supervisors
investigate non-disabling injury or minor property damage mishaps.
101.4 Explain when different types of eye protection are required and where you can find the
standards for design, construction, testing and use. [ref. a, ch. 20, pp. 19-2 thru 20-2]
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All Navy activities that expose personnel to eye hazards shall have a sight conservation
program with the following as a minimum:
Identification and evaluation of eye hazard
Prescription protective eye wear program
Procurement and maintenance of safety glasses
Training for employees
Effective program enforcement
All Navy activities that expose personnel to eye hazards shall have a sight conservation
program with the following as a minimum:
Identification and evaluation of eye hazard
Prescription protective eye wear program
Procurement and maintenance of safety glasses
Training for employees
Effective program enforcement
3
COMMON CORE
101
101 GENERAL SAFETY FUNDAMENTALS (CONT'D)
•
Types of Eye Protection
• Goggles
• Safety glasses
• Permanent walls
• Temporary/moveable shields
• Signs must be posted in all eye hazard areas
•
Different types of eye protection and uses
• Safety goggles: protect from flying particles and dust
• Chemical goggles: Protect from splashing liquids, (acids, solvents, etc)
• Safety glasses: protect from flying particles (impact, debris)
• Welding glasses/goggles: Protect form Ultraviolet radiation (arc flash)
• Over-spectacle glasses (plano’s): Protect from flying particles and impact worn over
prescription glasses
101.5 Discuss the Hearing Conservation Program and when personnel are required to be enrolled.
[ref. a, ch. 18, pp. 18-1 thru 18-6]
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Intended to prevent hearing loss related to exposure to high noise levels
Noises greater than 84 dba and peak noises greater than 140 dba require hearing protection.
(ear plugs or ear muffs)
Noises greater than 104 dba require double hearing protection. (ear plugs and muffs)
Personnel are enrolled in the Hearing Conservation Program when they are exposed to noises
greater than 84 dba for an 8-hour workweek.
Personnel enrolled in the program must have a baseline hearing test (audiogram) and annual
testing while in the program
When a person is removed from the program they must be tested for documentation of
hearing capability
Goal is to prevent occupational hearing loss and ensure auditory fitness for duty in the military
and civilian workforce
Meeting the goal
• Noise Measure and Analysis
• Survey work environments
• Engineering Control
• Reduction of noise at the source
• Hearing Protective devices
Single hearing protection is required when exposed to 84 dba or one time decibel peaks of
140 dB or greater
Double hearing protection is required when exposed to steady decibel levels exceeding 104
dB
Audiometer
Baseline completed at MEPS
Yearly testing on personnel exposed to 84db daily
Five years for personnel not exposed to 84 dB daily
Education
Every one will receive yearly training
4
COMMON CORE
101
101 GENERAL SAFETY FUNDAMENTALS (CONT'D)
101.6 Explain the different types of hearing protection and when are they required. [ref. a, ch. 18, pp.
18-8 thru 18-9]
• Insert type: Ear plugs, disposable foam or issued triple flange.
• Circumaural type: Ear muffs
– Required for continuous noise levels greater than 84 dba and peak noise levels greater
than 140 dba
• Combination: Ear plugs and ear muffs
– Required for continuous noise levels greater than 104 dba
101.7 Explain why it is necessary to properly use and maintain Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).
[ref. a, ch. 20, p. 20-1]
•
•
Maintenance and use of PPE
Personnel Protective Equipment (PPE) should be maintained in a condition that allows
proper use of the equipment
• Scratched lenses, dirty, missing components, etc. can lessen the effectiveness of the
equipment and deter usage
• When PPE is not used properly people may be injured.
Types of protection
• Head protection: protection from impact of falling and flying objects
• Foot protection: protection of foot and toe from falling objects such as construction material
handling
• Eye protection: protection from flying particles or chips, and splashing from liquids
• Hand protection: to protect fingers and hand from sharp objects. Shock absorbing gloves for
jack hammers
• Electrical protection: rubber protective equipment rated for certain voltages for electrical
workers
• Long sleeves: to protect arms from flying debris and sparks
• Life lines: protection from falling heights greater than 6’
• Aprons: protection from splashes or sparks at mid section
• Respiratory protection: protection from particles, fumes, mists, dusts and vapors
101.8 State the purpose of temporary electrical power sources and explain source inspection and
certification requirements. [ref. b, ch. 24, p. 24-1]
•
Types of Temporary Power:
– Generators, 5kw has to be grounded unless states as double insulated otherwise on
the generator
– Resistance level must be below 25 ohms to ground for normal set-up, 15 ohms in
hazardous atmospheres and 5 ohms in explosive atmospheres
– Existing power, checked for proper grounding
– Existing power pole, run through a spider box to reduce current. Must also be
grounded
– All temporary electrical power sources shall only be permitted during emergencies,
periods of construction, remodeling, repair to or demolition of structures or similar
activities
– All temporary sources shall be inspected, certified safe and tagged with the inspector’s
name, company, and date prior to the first uses.
– All sources shall be re-inspected every 14 days after initial inspection and certified safe
for continued use on the attached tag
5
COMMON CORE
101
101 GENERAL SAFETY FUNDAMENTALS (CONT'D)
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•
The inspection of temporary power sources shall also be kept in a logbook. This log
will contain the same information as the tag, plus it will also contain the exact location
of the tag (s).
– The primary purpose of the inspection is to ensure that proper grounding is established
and that this source can be utilized without endangering the worker
– Temporary electric power is defined as any electric power sources used for
construction, renovation, contingency, or emergency operations. Any electric power
source we use with hand tools and equipment is considered “temporary power”.
– Temporary power sources are inspected to insure:
• Proper voltage
• Proper polarity
• Adequate ground
All generators must be grounded to earth with a minimum of 25 ohms resistance or comply
with the National Electric Code when 25 ohms or less can not be achieved
101.9 Explain when Ground Fault Circuit Interruption (GFCI) protection is required. [ref. c, 29 CFR
1926, Subpart K, p. 248]
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Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCI’s) are required to be used with all electric hand tools
(drills, saws, concrete vibrators, etc)
GFCI’s detect a change in the flow of electricity and interrupt the circuit before any harm can
be done to personnel. GFCI’s must trip at less than .5 milliampres
GFCI’s must be tested monthly to ensure proper function
GFCI’s must be plugged directly into to power source and all power drawn from them.
All 120 colt, single phase 15 and 20 ampere receptacle outlets on construction sites or shops
shall have an approved class A, group I, GFCI unit with a trip level between 3 and 5 miliamperes
Receptacles on two wire, single phase portable or vehicle mounted generators, rated not more
than 5 kw, where the circuit conductors of the generator are insulated form the generator from
a and all other grounding surfaces do not requires GFCI protection
The CTR electrician shall ensure that all GFCI’s function correctly, are in good repair and
maintains a GFCI inspection log.
No repairs to GFCI are authorized
GCFI’s that are damaged or fail to function correctly will be returned to the manufacturer for
repair and/or replacement
101.10 Explain the importance of properly grounding portable electrical power and distribution
systems. [ref. d, ch. 3, p. 248]
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All tools (electrical, power, hand, etc) will be inspected daily by the operator prior to use. This
includes PPE, extension cords, air hoses, hydraulic components etc.
Any tool or equipment found defective or damaged must be removed from service until
repaired or replaced
Powder activated tools must be inspected monthly by a qualified technician with inspection
documented and maintained
The following tests hall be performed on cord sets, receptacle not part of the permanent wiring
of a building or structure, and cord and plug connected equipment required to be grounded.
All equipment grounding conductors shall be tested for continuity and shall be electrically
continuous
6
COMMON CORE
101
101 GENERAL SAFETY FUNDAMENTALS (CONT'D)
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Each receptacle and attachment cap or plug shall be tested for correct attachment of the
equipment-grounding conductor. The equipment grounding conductors shall be connected to
its proper terminal
Required times of inspections
• Before the first use
• Before equipment is returned to service after any repair
• Before equipment is used after any incident which can be reasonably suspected to
have caused damage
• At intervals not to exceed on month
Equipment which has not met the requirements of this paragraph shall not be issued for used
and stored in CTR
101.11 Discuss lockout/tag-out requirements for the following:
a. Program [ref. b, ch. 24, p. 24-3]
b. Procedures [ref. a, ch. 24, p. 24-2]
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All potential energy sources must be secured prior to working on equipment and machinery
Locks and tags are installed to prevent accidental activation of the equipment or energizing the
power source while work is being performed
Damaged or unsafe equipment or machinery should be locked or tagged out of service to
prevent use until repairs are made
Only qualified personnel are authorized to perform lockout/tagout. The lockout/tagout log is
maintained in the Safety Office.
Required when you will be working on any items that will store energy as:
– Electrical equipment
– Hydraulic
– Steam
Lockout devices
– Locks
– Lockout device Tags
– Red tags (danger tags)
101.12 Define “Confined space” and discuss the hazards associated with it. [ref. a, ch. 27, p. 366]
• Confined spaces are spaces with:
• Limited access or egress (not equipped with regular doors or intended for frequent
entry)
• Poor to no ventilation
• Potential to contain harmful gasses or vapors
• Low or high oxygen concentration < 19.5% or > 23.5 %
• Hazards associated with confined spaces
• Suffocation
• Poisoning
• Explosion
• Electrocution
• Entrapment
• Typical injuries (cuts, abrasions, falling slipping, etc)
• Hazards
• Oxygen Deficiency below 19.5 %
• Flammable gases or materials
• Confined Space Program Manager
7
COMMON CORE
101
101 GENERAL SAFETY FUNDAMENTALS (CONT'D)
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• Only person who can certify a confined space entrance
• Lists PPE required to enter a confined space
• Constantly monitors work space during job
Only Gas Free Engineers are authorized to certify a confined space for entry
Once all personnel exit the space for any duration, the space must be re-certified
All confined spaces with potential hazards require a permit for entry
101.13 Explain who is authorized to certify a “Confined space” as safe for entry/work. [ref. a, ch. 27, p.
367]
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To render these spaces safe for entry by personnel to perform work, a certified gas-free
engineer must conduct an inspection to ensure safe working conditions
A qualified gas-free engineer is the only individual authorized to permit entry by personnel
101.14 Discuss the three basic types of respirators and explain their use, care, and selection. [ref. a,
ch. 15, p. 192]
• Types of Respirators
– Supplied Air Respirator
• Used in oxygen deficient spaces or where hazardous gases are present
– Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)
• Used in oxygen deficient spaces or where hazardous gases are present.
Usually when the workers will be on the move
– Air Purifying Respirators
• Used to clean the air you are breathing only. Cannot filter out hazardous gases
or provide oxygen to breathe.
• Care
– Inspected prior to each use.
– Cartridges shall be changed when they are no longer effective
– Disposable respirators shall be damaged to prevent further use prior to disposal
• Cleaning
– Wipe after each use with alcohol swab
– Wash monthly with warm soapy water
– Maintenance
– Fixed by RPPM only
• Storage
– Stored in dry, clean, labeled and air tight bag
– Stored laying flat
– Replacement criteria
• Filter replacement schedules will be determined by the RPPM. Replacement
depends on the filter type, type of chemical and exposure level to the chemical,
temperature, and humidity.
– Type of hazards you will be exposed to
– Permissible Exposure Limit as set by OSHA
– Threshold Limit Value as set by the American Council of Government Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH)
– MSDS sheet requirements
– NIOSH Chemical Guide handbook
– Industrial Hygienist department recommendation
– Respirators are used in atmospheres containing harmful fumes, vapors, and gases.
Additionally, may be used in atmospheres without sufficient oxygen (supplied air and
SCBA)
8
COMMON CORE
101
101 GENERAL SAFETY FUNDAMENTALS (CONT'D)
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Respirators must be applicable to the environments in which they are to be used.
101.15 Discuss the importance of the Industrial Hygiene and Work Place Monitoring Program. [ref. a,
ch. 8, p. 126]
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Industrial Hygiene (IH) personnel recognized evaluates and makes recommendations to
control potential workplace hazards.
Assess potential health risks faced by Navy personnel
Establish and document historical records of exposure levels for Navy personnel
Ensure and demonstrate compliance with NAVOSH exposure criteria
IH performs work place monitor provides:
– Descriptions of the operations, tasks and work practices which take place in each
workplace
– Lists of hazardous materials used in each work place
– Lists of the physical hazards, noise hazards, and sources of non-ionizing radiation.
– Existing administrative controls, environmental controls and/or PPE required in each
shop
IH workplace monitoring
– Conducted annually or when a change occurs
– Workplaces are monitored by the IH to determine levels of exposure to hazards
– Workplaces should be re-evaluated annually to determine any changes in hazard
potential.
– Workplaces should be monitored when new equipment or processes are introduced
101.16 Discuss the basic reporting procedures required when an unsafe/unhealthful working condition
report is submitted. [ref. a, ch. 10, pp. 143 thru 144]
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Reporting Procedures
– Report to the Chain of Command
– If Chain of Command does not resolve the problem, report to the Safety Office.
– If you desire not to verbally report to the Safety Office, you may submit a “Report of
Unsafe/Unhealthy Working Conditions” OPNAV 5100/11.
– Once the Safety Office receives the report they have up to 72 hours to investigate the
situation.
– Alleged imminent danger situations will be investigated within 24 hours.
– The Safety Officer will reply in writing to the person submitting the report within 10
working days.
Unsafe/Unhealthful Working Conditions
– Normally conducted by the Safety Officer
• Detecting unsafe or unhealthy working conditions at the earliest possible time,
then making prompt corrections of those hazards at the lowest possible level
are essential to properly resolving unsafe or unhealthful conditions.
• Investigation time limits
• 24 hours on IDLH, immediately dangerous to life and health
• 3 days for serious situations
• Health hazard are referred to Medical
• Response
• 10 working days to originator in writing
• List what is being done
• Who to appeal to findings to
9
COMMON CORE
101
101 GENERAL SAFETY FUNDAMENTALS (CONT'D)
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Appeals
• Copy of 5100/11
• Written response
• Letter stating why you are not happy with the response
101.17 Discuss the four general classes of fires and what types of extinguishers are used on each.
[ref. c, ch. 18, p. 187]
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Classes of fires
– Class A: Combustible materials such as wood, paper, clothing, etc
– Class B: Petroleum products, oil, gas, plastic, etc
– Class C: Electrical
– Class D: Metal (magnesium, phosphorous)
Extinguishing methods
– Class A: Water, dry chemical
– Class B: Dry chemical, CO2, Foam
– Class C: Dry chemical, CO2, Halon
– Class D: No known extinguishing method, clear the area and let it burn out
Type of Fire
– Class A
• Fires in ordinary combustible materials such as wood, cloth, paper, rubber and
many plastics
• Use water, antifreeze, soda-acid, foam, aqueous film forming foam (AFFF),
loaded stream, multipurpose dry chemical and Halon type fire extinguishers
– Class B
• Fires in flammable liquids, oils, greases, tars, oil base paints, lacquers and
flammable gases
• Use Halon, CO2, dry chemical, foam and aqueous film forming foam (AFFF)
type fire extinguishers
– Class C
• Fires which involve energized electrical equipment where the electrical nonconductivity of the extinguishing media is of importance
• Use Halon, CO2 and dry chemical type fire extinguisher
– Class D
• Fires in combustible metals such as magnesium, titanium, zirconium, sodium,
lithium and potassium
• Use the fire extinguisher approved for each specific combustible metal hazard
101.18 Discuss the purpose of a safety stand-down. [ref. e, ch. 1, p. 13]
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Safety Stand-downs are to provide specific safety information and training for specific hazards,
evolutions, and activities
Safety Stand-downs are usually before know potentially dangerous times such as holiday
seasons, prior to exercises, etc
Additionally, Safety Stand-downs are scheduled after catastrophic mishaps to prevent similar
mishaps
Provides a forum to release specific safety information or guidance to a large audience
Used to focus personnel on specific hazards of their jobs and work conditions
Re-enforces safety as the number one priority required in the performance of their jobs
Provides time for personnel to reflect on past and current work safety practices and standards
10
COMMON CORE
101
101 GENERAL SAFETY FUNDAMENTALS (CONT'D)
101.19 Discuss the concept of ORM. [ref. f, encl. 1, p. 1]
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ORM is a decision making process that enhances operational capability. Naval Warfare
Publication 1 states, "Risk management and risk assessment are formal, essential tools of
operational planning. Sound decision making requires the use of these tools both in battle and
in training." ORM, described in enclosure (1), is a method for identifying hazards, assessing
risks and implementing controls to reduce the risk associated with any operation.
101.20 Explain the following as they apply to ORM: [ref. f, encl. 1, pp. 2 thru 3]
– Identify hazards - Begin with an outline or chart of the major steps in the operation
(operational analysis). Next, conduct a Preliminary Hazard Analysis by listing all of the
hazards associated with each step in the operational analysis along with possible
causes for those hazards.
– Assessing hazards - For each hazard identified, determine the associated degree of
risk in terms of probability and severity. Although not required, the use of a matrix may
be helpful in assessing hazards described further in paragraph d).
– Making risk decisions - First, develop risk control options. Start with the most serious
risk first and select controls that will reduce the risk to a minimum consistent with
mission accomplishment. With selected controls in place, decide if the benefit of the
operation outweighs the risk. If risk outweighs benefit or if assistance is required to
implement controls, communicate with higher authority in the chain of command.
– Implementing controls - The following measures can be used to eliminate hazards or
reduce the degree of risk. These are listed by order of preference:
• Administrative Controls - Controls that reduce risks through specific
administrative actions, such as:
– Providing suitable warnings, markings, placards, signs, and notices.
– Establishing written policies, programs instructions and standard
operating procedures (SOP).
– Training personnel to recognize hazards and take appropriate
precautionary measures.
– Limiting the exposure to a hazard (either by reducing the number of
personnel/assets or the length of time they are exposed).
• Engineering Controls - Controls that use engineering methods to reduce risks
by design, material selection or substitution when technically or economically
feasible.
• Personal Protective Equipment - Serves as a barrier between personnel and a
hazard. It should be used when other controls do not reduce the hazard to an
acceptable level.
– Supervising - Conduct follow-up evaluations of the controls to ensure they remain in
place and have the desired effect. Monitor for changes, which may require further
ORM. Take corrective action when necessary.
11
COMMON CORE
101
101 GENERAL SAFETY FUNDAMENTALS (CONT'D)
101.21 Discuss the four principles of ORM. [ref. f, encl. 1, p. 4]
• Accept risk when benefits outweigh the cost
• Accept no unnecessary risks
• Anticipate and manage risk by planning
• Make risk decisions at the right level
101.22 Define Hazard Severity and Mishap Probability in relation to the Risk
Assessment Code. [ref. f, encl. 1, pp. 5 thru 6]
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Hazard Severity. The hazard severity is an assessment of the worst reasonably expected
consequence, defined by degree of injury or occupational illness which is likely to occur as a
result of a hazard. The region or activities shall assign hazard severity categories by Roman
numeral according to the following criteria:
(a) Category I - Catastrophic: The hazard may cause death.
(b) Category II - Critical: May cause severe injury or severe occupational illness.
(c) Category III - Marginal: May cause minor injury or minor occupational illness.
(d) Category IV - Negligible: Probably would not affect personnel safety or health, but is,
nevertheless, in violation of a Navy OSH standard.
Mishap Probability. The mishap probability is the probability that a hazard will result in a
mishap, based on an assessment of such factors as location, exposure in terms of cycles or
hours of operation and affected population. The OSH office shall assign a letter to mishap
probability according to the following criteria:
(a) Subcategory A - Likely to occur immediately
(b) Subcategory B - Probably will occur in time
(c) Subcategory C - Possible to occur in time
(d) Subcategory D - Unlikely to occur.
RAC. The RAC is an expression of risk, which combines the elements of hazard severity and mishap
probability. Using the matrix shown below, the RAC is expressed as a single Arabic number that can
be used to help determine HA priorities.
Mishap Probability
• Hazard Severity
– I
– II
– III
– IV
• RAC
• 1 - Critical
• 2 - Serious
• 3 - Moderate
• 4 - Minor
• 5 – Negligible
A
1
1
2
3
B
1
2
3
4
C
2
3
4
5
12
D
3
4
5
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References:
[b] Naval Doctrine Publication 5, Planning
[c] NAVEDTRA 14234, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1
[d] NWP 4-04.1, Seabee Operations in the MAGTF
[e] http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/rdstethe.htm
[f] Blue Jackets’ Manual, 23rd Edition
[g] NAVEDTRA 38200-A, Petty Officer Indoctrination Course
[h] NTRP 4-04.2.1 Doctrinal reference for NCF
[i] P 3-34 (Feb 07), Engineering Doctrine for Joint Operations
102.1 Discuss the three circumstances that led to the formation of the U.S. Navy. [ref. a, ch. 1, pp. 5
thru 6]
•
•
•
•
•
•
General George Washington initiated America’s first sea-based offensive against the
British. Washington’s armed vessels provided significant support to colonial efforts,
demonstrating the value of military operations at sea
The initial continental fleet was comprised from converted merchantmen
As Congress continued to commission ships, notable leaders such as John Paul Jones
helped to develop a proud and capable Navy.
Early fleets were manned by Marines as part of their ships’ crews.
In essence, the first Marines were soldiers detailed for sea service.
Congress continued to provide for Marines as long as there was one Navy ship still at sea.
Post Revolutionary War
• Both the Continental Navy and Marine Corps were disbanded.
1790
• A fleet of “ten boats for the collection of revenue” was authorized and became commonly
known as the Revenue Marine.
1794
• Congress authorized the Department of War to construct six frigates, for the protection of
American merchantmen against the Barbary corsairs.
1798
• Four years later, in response to renewed aggression by France during its war against
Great Britain, Congress finally established the Department of the Navy, authorized the
Marine Corps, and began the first significant buildup of naval forces as we know them
today.
Three maritime services of today
• Navy
• Marine Corps
• Coast Guard
102.2 Identify and explain the four qualities that represent the characteristics of the Naval Forces.
[ref. a, ch. 1, p.8]
• The qualities that characterize most modern naval forces as political instruments in support of
national policies are the same as those that define the essence of our naval services today.
These qualities are READINESS, FLEXIBILITY, SELF-SUSTAINABILITY, and MOBILITY.
• These qualities permit naval forces to be expeditionary in nature.
• Naval expeditionary forces draw upon their readiness, flexibility, self-sustainability, and
mobility to provide the National Command.
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102.3
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
State and discuss the seven principles of planning to Naval operations. [ref. b, ch. 1, p. 12]
Relevance – Missions planned at each level of command must directly support objectives of
higher authority and must be achievable using available resources.
Clarity – Write plans as concisely and simply as possible. Clear, direct plans are easily
understood and more likely to be successfully executed than complex plans.
Timeliness – Complete and distribute plans expeditiously to allow subordinate and supporting
commanders adequate time to plan for, train to, and execute their responsibilities.
Flexibility – A plan must allow subordinate commanders the initiative to seize opportunity and
avoid unseen hazards. A good plan clearly states all objectives and limitations, and avoids
unnecessarily detailed direction.
Participation – Widely distribute plans as early as possible to allow participation of assigned
and supporting commands and to facilitate their planning efforts. Early awareness of
responsibilities allows for more thorough integration and coordination of participants.
Economy of Resources – Plans must provide for maximum economy in the use of resources.
Avoid unnecessarily assigning, moving, or holding reserve forces which can be applied to the
primary objective.
Security – Protect plans from compromise to prevent an enemy from preparing an effective
response. Adequate security may be achieved through a variety of means including: limiting
distribution, isolating forces with detailed knowledge, and practicing complete communication
security.
Coordination – Planners must provide sufficient coordinating instructions to synchronize both
simultaneous and consecutive action, ensure that separate operations and forces avoid
interference, and provide support where and when needed.
Naval planning is fundamental to leadership. Planning provides the discipline to focus on the
objectives, intentions, capabilities, and resources required to accomplish assigned missions.
Planning also requires commanders to estimate the capabilities of a potential adversary and to
evaluate options.
102.4 Discuss the purposes of the U.S Naval Forces. [ref. f, ch. 2, pp. 17 thru 24]
•
•
•
•
•
The United States Navy serves as a seaborne branch of the Military of the United States. 10
U.S.C, 5062 prescribes the Navy's three primary areas of responsibility:
"The preparation of naval forces necessary for the effective prosecution of war"
"The maintenance of naval aviation, including land-based naval aviation, air transport essential
for naval operations and all air weapons and air techniques involved in the operations and
activities of the Navy"
"The development of aircraft, weapons, tactics, technique, organization, and equipment of
naval combat and service elements".
U.S. Navy training manuals state the mission of the U.S armed forces is "to prepare and
conduct prompt and sustained combat operations in support of the national interest". As part of
that establishment, the U.S. Navy's functions comprise sea control, power projection and
nuclear deterrence, in addition to "sealift" duties.
102.5 Discuss the Sailor’s Creed and its origin. [ref. f, ch. 1, p.10]
• The first version of the Sailor's Creed came from an idea in 1986 by Admiral James B.
Watkins, Chief of Naval Operations, to form a group that would create a Code of Ethics for the
Navy. The result of this meeting at the Naval War College was the eight point The Navy
Uniform, and was later scaled down to a shorter version called The Sailor's Creed.
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102 NAVAL HERITAGE AND DOCTRINE FUNDAMENTALS (CONT)
•
The current version of The Sailor's Creed was a product of many Blue Ribbon Recruit Training
Panels in 1993 at the direction of Admiral Frank B. Kelso II, Chief of Naval Operations. It has
been revised twice; once in 1994 under the direction of Chief of Naval Operations Admiral
Jeremy Boorda, and again in 1997. These changes were made to make the creed inclusively
descriptive of all hands. The creed is taught and recited in boot camp and officer accession
programs.
102.6 Define the Navy’s Core Values. [ref. f, ch. 1, pp. 9 thru10]
• Honor - "I will bear true faith and allegiance ..." Accordingly, we will: Conduct ourselves in the
highest ethical manner in all relationships with peers, superiors and subordinates; Be honest
and truthful in our dealings with each other, and with those outside the Navy; Be willing to
make honest recommendations and accept those of junior personnel; Encourage new ideas
and deliver the bad news, even when it is unpopular; Abide by an uncompromising code of
integrity, taking responsibility for our actions and keeping our word; Fulfill or exceed our legal
and ethical responsibilities in our public and personal lives twenty-four hours a day. Illegal or
improper behavior or even the appearance of such behavior will not be tolerated. We are
accountable for our professional and personal behavior. We will be mindful of the privilege to
serve our fellow Americans.
• Courage - "I will support and defend ..." Accordingly, we will have: courage to meet the
demands of our profession and the mission when it is hazardous, demanding, or otherwise
difficult; Make decisions in the best interest of the navy and the nation, without regard to
personal consequences; Meet these challenges while adhering to a higher standard of
personal conduct and decency; Be loyal to our nation, ensuring the resources entrusted to us
are used in an honest, careful, and efficient way. Courage is the value that gives us the moral
and mental strength to do what is right, even in the face of personal or professional adversity.
• Commitment - "I will obey the orders ..." Accordingly, we will: Demand respect up and down
the chain of command; Care for the safety, professional, personal and spiritual well-being of
our people; Show respect toward all people without regard to race, religion, or gender; Treat
each individual with human dignity; Be committed to positive change and constant
improvement; Exhibit the highest degree of moral character, technical excellence, quality and
competence in what we have been trained to do. The day-to-day duty of every Navy man and
woman is to work together as a team to improve the quality of our work, our people and
ourselves.
102.7 Discuss the conditions that led to the creation of the Seabees. [ref. c, ch. 1, p. 1.1]
• Prior to 1941, the Civil Engineer Corps used private contractors to accomplish all overseas
construction.
• The contractors, in turn, hired steelworkers, electricians, carpenters, draftsman, and
mechanics from private industry.
• The Navy realized that, in the event of war, civilian contractors and construction workers
could not be used very well outside our own country.
• As World War II drew near, there was an urgent need for more overseas bases.
• It became clear there was an urgent need for a combat trained Military Construction
Organization.
• The first constructions units were organized early in January 1942.
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102 NAVAL HERITAGE AND DOCTRINE FUNDAMENTALS (CONT)
102.8 Discuss the significance of March 5, 1942 as it pertains to the Seabees. [ref. c, d, ch. 1, p. 1.1]
• The name Seabees is derived from the first construction battalions (CB’s) that were
organized early in January 1942.
• Officially, permission to use the name “Seabee” was granted on 05 March 1942.
102.9 Discuss the significance of the following personnel:
•
Admiral Ben Moreell [ref. d, ch. 1, p. 1.1]
o Father of the Seabee’s: Rear Admiral Ben Moreell, Chief of the Bureau of Yards
and Docks, decided to activate, organize and man construction battalions after the
attack of Pearl Harbor, on 7 December 1941. He requested specific authority to
carry out his decision.
o On 5 January 1942 he gained the authority for the Bureau of Navigation to recruit
men for the construction trades for assignment to the Naval Constructions
Regiment composed of three Naval Construction Battalions. This was the
beginning of the renowned Seabees.
•
CM3 Marvin Shields [ref. d, ch. 1, pp. 1 thru 5]
o Medal of Honor recipient. He is the first Seabee in history to receive the Medal of
Honor for his heroic efforts in defense of a Special Forces Camp and Vietnamese
District Headquarters at Doug Zoai.
•
SW2 (DV) Robert Stethem [ref. e, www.arlingtoncemetary.net/rdstethe.html]
o Purple Heart and Bronze Star recipient
o Executed in June 1985 during the hijacking of a TWA jet in Lebanon after being
singled out by terrorists for being in the military. “Throughout his ordeal, Petty
Officer Stethem did not yield, instead he acted with fortitude and courage and
helped his fellow passengers to endure by his example” VADM David Robinson
102.10 Discuss the significant contributions made by the Seabees during the following: [ref. h, app. b,
p. b-1]
• World War II
o Created by Admiral Ben Moreell in 1942, the Navy’s Seabees were founded on the
premise that experienced armed construction workers were critically needed in the
combat areas of World War II. The construction accomplishments of the Seabees
throughout the Pacific theater, in particular, are quite legendary. Using 20-ton
bulldozers as wands, Seabees magically reshaped the coral-pocked face of many a
Pacific island. Landing shortly after the assault waves, they blasted reefs to make
channels for the fleet; leveled hills and laid down landing strips; lashed together
pontoons to create artificial docks; and brought to many a remote Pacific island its
first roads, storage facilities, and hospitals. On more than one occasion, the
Seabees used their bulldozers to entomb nests of enemy snipers and machine
gunners menacing Marine or Army forces.
o During the war’s Pacific island-hopping campaigns, over 10,000 Civil Engineer
Corps officers and 240,000 enlisted men served in the Seabees, mostly in NCBs
that were components of the five Marine engineer regiments employed from 1942
to 1944. From the construction and defense of Guadalcanal’s Henderson Field to
the Normandy invasion, Seabees participated in most of the major Navy, Marine,
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102 NAVAL HERITAGE AND DOCTRINE FUNDAMENTALS (CONT)
o
o
•
and Army assaults, fighting in more than 400 locations in all theaters by the end of
the war.
As a prelude to Guadalcanal, Seabees on Espiritu Santo took only 20 days to carve
a 6,000-foot airstrip from virgin jungle. Joining the 1st MarDiv in their assault on
Cape Gloucester, Seabees bulldozed paths for attacking American tanks. In the
Admiralties, Seabees transformed Manus and Los Negros into the largest
advanced bases in the Southwest Pacific. At Rabaul, Seabees built a strategic,
two-field air base, immense storage and fuel dumps, a floating dry-dock, miles of
roads, and a fast torpedo boat base. On Leyte Island, it was the Seabees who
installed and operated pontoon barges and causeways that brought General
MacArthur and his forces ashore. At Tarawa, Seabees landed with the Marines
and, in a mere 15 hours, returned a shellpocked airfield to operational status. On
Iwo Jima, Seabees landing with the Fifth Amphibious Corps built fighter airstrips as
well as an emergency landing field critically needed by returning damaged
bombers. Seabee- installed pontoons on Okinawa enabled the amphibious assault
to move forward. Once ashore, 55,000 Seabees built port facilities, vast road
networks, airfields, POL farms, storage dumps, hospitals, ship repair facilities, a
seaplane base, and Quonset villages.
In the Pacific theater alone, the Seabees built 111 major airstrips, 700 square
blocks of warehouses, hospitals for 70,000 patients, storage tanks for 100 million
gallons of gasoline, and housing for 1.5 million servicemen. Although the Seabees
were known as a Naval Reserve organization during the war, it became clear
afterwards that the Seabees, having more than proved their worth, would be a
valuable addition to the regular Navy.
Korea
By June of 1950, the Seabees all but disestablished as only 3,300 men remained
on active duty. The Korean War, however, demanded the kind of civil engineering
support that only Seabees could provide, and so they were mobilized and
expanded to a force of 14,000 men. Seabees supported Marines in the famous
Inchon and Wonsan amphibious assaults by constructing vital pontoon causeways
within hours of the initial landings. As with their World War II predecessors, airfield
construction was a specialty of the Seabees as they were soon found constructing,
repairing, and maintaining the airfields’ of the Marine Air Groups, such as K-3 at
Pohang, K-18 at Kimpo (Seoul), and K-2 at Taegu. Seabee relations with Marines
were further cemented by a group of nine Seabees who kept open a 21-mile stretch
of road between an isolated Marine intercept squadron and its sole source of
supplies. Working around the clock in below-zero temperatures, they kept their
promise to rebuild any damaged bridge within 6 hours.
o Also during the Korean War, Seabees constructed the Cubi Point Naval Air Station
in the Philippines by cutting a mountain in half to make way for a nearly 2-mile-long
runway, blasting coral to fill a section of Subic Bay, filling swampland, moving 150foot trees, and relocating a native fishing village. Twenty million man-hours and 5
years went into what was then the largest and most impressive Seabee project.
Vietnam
o During the Vietnam War, Seabees were employed extensively from the DMZ in the
north to the Mekong Delta Region in the south, constructing Marine logistic
complexes at Danang, Chu Lai, and Quang Tri to Special Forces camps and Army
fire bases in the remote regions, as well as roads, bridges, airfields, warehouses,
and hospitals elsewhere. At the initial Marine landings in Vietnam in 1965, there
were nearly 10,000 active duty Seabees. At the War’s peak, the Seabee strength
grew to 26,000 men organized in twenty-one naval construction battalions, two
o
•
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102 NAVAL HERITAGE AND DOCTRINE FUNDAMENTALS (CONT)
•
•
naval construction regiments, two amphibious construction battalions, two
maintenance units, and many civic action teams.
o At Chu Lai, the first Seabee battalion arrived in May 1965 to construct a Marine
expeditionary airfield within 23 days. Shortly thereafter, it was expanded by adding
a parallel taxiway, four cross taxiways, parking aprons, two cantonments,
warehouses, hangars, and many other critical facilities. At Phu Bai, the Seabees
created an advanced base from a low peninsula jutting 1,500 feet into the South
China Sea by raising, widening, and surfacing it into a causeway for cargo-laden
landing ships. During 1968ís Tet Offensive, Seabees built and fought in direct
support of Marine and Army forces by reconstructing two vitally needed concrete
bridges. Seabee civic action projects paved roads that provided access between
farms and markets; supplied fresh water through hundreds of Seabee-drilled wells;
provided medical treatment to thousands of villagers; and constructed numerous
schools, hospitals, utility systems, and other community facilities.
o In June of 1965, two Seabees were killed when Viet Cong troops attacked and
overran a Special Forces camp at Dong Xoai. One of the dead, Construction
Mechanic Third Class Marvin G. Shields, was posthumously awarded the
Congressional Medal of Honor for carrying a critically wounded man to safety and
destroying an enemy machine gun emplacement at the cost of his life. CM3 Shields
was the first and only Seabee ever awarded the nation’s highest distinction for
heroism.
Post Vietnam
o The Seabees distinguished themselves with the largest peacetime construction
effort on the British Indian Ocean Territory of Diego Garcia. From 1971 to 1983,
they built a remote forward logistic base and naval communications station
thousands of miles from CONUS in support of U.S. military operations throughout
the Southwest Asian Theater. The mission of the initial contingent, consisting of
NMCB and PHIBCB personnel, was to build a temporary Seabee camp; water and
electrical distribution systems; messing, laundry, refrigeration, and storage facilities;
and a 3,500-foot airstrip. By 1983, the Seabees had completed 220 projects with a
construction value well in excess of 220 million dollars. The early, austere airstrip
has been expanded three times to a final 12,000-foot length with expanded
taxiways, parking aprons, and several new hangars. Immense POL storage
facilities for both the Navy and Air Force were also constructed, as were a fuel pier,
general storage buildings, and expanded personnel support facilities. The need for
pre-positioned materials to support a rapid deployment force and a more active
U.S. presence in Southwest Asia spurred the growth of the forward logistic support
site on the island. As a result, Diego Garcia today is home to one of the MPF’s
three MPSRONs.
Persian Gulf War
o During Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm, nearly 5,000 Seabees from 6
NMCBs were employed in-theater. The Seabees constructed troop bed down
facilities for 42,000 personnel, vast storage areas, aircraft parking aprons
comprising millions of square feet, ASPs covering hundreds of acres, EPW camps
housing up to 40,000 men, many ISBs, and hundreds of miles of roads. Base
camps were constructed for the 3rd MAW; MAGs 11, 13, 16, and 26; and the 1st
and 2nd MarDivs. In Bahrain, troop bed down and storage facilities, a munitions
transfer road, and a 60,000-square foot aircraft parking apron were built for the
Marines, Army, and Air Force. Major Seabee tasking included a headquarters
complex for I MEF and a 15,000-man troop bed down camp for II MEF. The latter
project (the largest wartime, multi-battalion Seabee project since Vietnam)
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102 NAVAL HERITAGE AND DOCTRINE FUNDAMENTALS (CONT)
•
•
consisted of six 2,500-man modules with each module providing berthing, showers,
latrines, galley, office space, roads, and parking areas. PHIBCB personnel
offloaded Marine Corps equipment and supplies from MPF shipping. CBU
personnel erected and maintained a 500-bed Navy Fleet Hospital at Al Jubail. It
was the Seabees who built and maintained the 200-mile, four-lane main supply
route near the Kuwaiti border critical to launching and sustaining the famous “Hail
Mary” ground attack plan into Iraq. Seabees supported I MEF in preparation for the
assault into Kuwait by providing water and constructing roads and facilities for the
Marine division assembly areas. Just before the assault, Seabees dug in the 1st
MarDiv’s command element as the division moved into attack positions.
o Once the assault began, Seabees moved into Kuwait and prepared positions for I
MEF’s CE. Before they were finished Seabee projects included tent camps for
42,000 personnel, three galleys, and 10 aircraft parking aprons, 5 ASPs, two EAFs,
two hangars, and several EPW camps. Desert Shield/Desert Storm also saw the
largest mobilization of selected Reserve Seabees since Vietnam as three Reserve
NMCBs and a Reserve naval construction regiment CE served together with their
active counterparts in theater and at other locations worldwide, thus exemplifying
the “One Navy, Total Force” concept.
Military Operations Other Than War –
o In 1971 the Seabees began their largest peacetime construction project, on Diego
Garcia, an atoll in the Indian Ocean. The project lasted 11 years and cost $200
million. The base accommodates the Navy’s largest ships and biggest military
cargo jets, and proved invaluable during Operation Desert Shield and Operation
Desert Storm. During the Gulf War, more than 5,000 Seabees (4,000 active and
1,000 reservists) served in the Middle East.
o Seabees also conduct humanitarian missions worldwide, including earthquake and
hurricane recovery efforts in the United States. And it all began here … in
Davisville, Rhode Island.
Global War on Terror
o Seabees continue to play a major role in the Global War on Terrorism. In support of
Operation Enduring Freedom, Seabees repaired runway facilities at Camp Rhino
and Kandahar in Afghanistan. Twenty-six Seabee units deployed to Kuwait and
Iraq in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom and 15 Seabees were killed. The
construction of multiple 20-acre aircraft-parking aprons, munitions storage areas, a
48,000-square-foot concrete pad, bridges, a 1,200-person camp and repaired
various roads have been proven invaluable to coalition forces.
102.11 Identify and explain the purpose of the following ratings: [ref. f, ch. 3]
•
•
•
•
•
•
BU: Perform construction, maintenance, and repair of wood, concrete, masonry structures,
and concrete pavement.
CE: Install, operate, service, and overhaul electrical generating and distribution systems.
CM: Perform maintenance, repair, and overhaul of automotive, material handling, and
construction equipment.
EA: Perform construction surveying, drafting, planning, estimating, and quality control.
EO: Perform operation of automotive material handling, weight handling, and construction
equipment.
SW: Perform fabrication, assemble, erect, position, and join structural materials.
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102 NAVAL HERITAGE AND DOCTRINE FUNDAMENTALS (CONT)
•
UT: Perform maintenance, and repair of plumbing, heating, steam, compressed air, fuel
storage, water treatment and distribution systems, air conditioning, refrigeration equipment,
sewage collecting and disposal facilities.
102.12 State the purpose of the Civil Engineer Corps (CEC). [ref. c, ch. 1, p. 1-1]
•
The CEC is composed of dedicated staff corps officers who are specialists in the field of
civil engineering. A Civil Engineer is a professional engineer who performs a variety of
engineering work in planning, designing, and overseeing construction and maintenance of
structures and facilities, such as roads, airports, bridges, harbors, pipelines, power plants,
and water and sewage systems.
102.13 Discuss the different units and capabilities of the following Army engineering categories: [ref. i]
•
•
•
•
Combat Engineer [pp. I-5 thru I-7, fig. B-E-1, app. B, Annex A]
Requires forces with the capability to integrate their engineering activities with, or operate
as part of, a combine arms team of ground forces. Usually this require combat engineers,
which are organized to most ground combat forces at the brigade or regimental level or
lower. Only combat engineers are organized, trained, and equipped to perform the range
of combat engineering tasks required by land combat forces.
General Engineer (Construction Engineering) [pp. I-5 thru I-7, fig. B-E-1, app. B, Annex A]
Tasks require highly technical and specialized capabilities. These may include processing
data from disparate sources such as remote sensed imagery, field reconnaissance, digital
data, intelligence data, existing topographic products, and other collateral data. Geospatial
engineers also perform digital manipulation of topographic, hydrographic, and aeronautical
information by querying, viewing, evaluating, and downloading digital data. They support
operational needs such as the production of tactical decision aids or temporal and special
analysis to support the JFC’s decision cycle. They can assist in predictive analysis of the
impact that terrain and weather may have on transportation, communications, and
intelligence systems.
USACE [pp. I-5 thru I-7, fig. B-E-1, app. B, Annex A]
The US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) is the Army’s direct reporting unit assigned
responsibility to execute Army and DOD military construction (MILCON), real estate
acquisition, environmental management, and development of the nation’s infrastructure
through the civil works program. Field forces assigned to the operational Army include
forward engineer support teams (FESTs) and the 249th Engineer Battalion (Prime Power).
Other services include wetlands and waterway management and disaster relief support
operations (USACE has primary responsibility to execute Emergency Support Function #3,
Public Works and Engineering, for DOD). USACE also provides technical assistance and
contract support to joint forces deployed worldwide.
Specialized [p. IV-6, fig. B-E-1, app. B, Annex A]
The remaining category of engineer support is the specialized engineer capabilities units.
These units are technically focused units that (while providing selected support at the
tactical level) are focused on providing their specialized engineering capabilities in support
of the operational/strategic levels throughout the range of military operations.
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102 NAVAL HERITAGE AND DOCTRINE FUNDAMENTALS (CONT)
102.14 Discuss the different capabilities of the following Air Force engineering units: [ref. i, Fig. B-E-1,
app. B, Annex C]
•
•
•
Red horse - RED HORSE units are considered theater assets not assigned or attached to
any wing structure, OPCON for these forces also remain with the COMAFFOR. Air Force
engineers deploy as part of an AETF, or as detached units supporting limited missions or
taskings. Air Force engineer forces are organized by unit type codes (UTCs) that can be
tailored to meet specific mission requirements. These UTCs can be combined to provide
the full range of support needed to achieve the CCDR’s objectives.
Prime Beef - Prime BEEF teams consist of total force military Air Force personnel assigned
to home-station civil engineer organizations. During contingencies, engineers transition to
an expeditionary mode capable of rapidly responding worldwide, providing the full range of
engineering support and emergency services to establish, sustain, and recover bases for
employing Air Force weapon systems and supporting joint/multinational forces. Prime
BEEF capabilities include site surveys, bare base construction, concrete and asphalt
paving, utility system installation and maintenance, installation GI&S, ADR, fire
protection/crash rescue, EOD operations, and EM. Prime BEEF UTCs are rapidly
deployable via airlift with team kits to support initial beddown taskings.
Specialized - A specialized Air Force expeditionary engineering capability inherent in Prime
BEEF is offered by the civil engineer maintenance, inspection, and repair team (CEMIRT).
CEMIRT consists of experts in electronic industrial controls, electrical/electronic
equipment, system integrators, and electrical systems that provide remote monitoring and
control of core utility equipment and systems, such as dispersed emergency backup
generator sets, water/wastewater systems, and electrical distribution equipment. CEMIRT
provides intermediate and depot-level repair support on power generation, electrical
distribution, and aircraft arresting systems and technical support for heating, ventilation,
and air conditioning systems.
102.15 Discuss the different capabilities of the following Marine Corps engineering units: [ref. i, Fig. BE-1, app. B, Annex D]
• ESB - The ESB is organic to the LCE. The ESB provides general support to the MAGTF
by providing combat engineering and limited general engineering, bulk liquid (fuel and
water), and utility support. ESB tasks include: combat engineering support; standard and
non standard bridging; mine/countermine; demolitions; EOD; handling, storing, and
dispensing bulk fuel and water; water purification; engineer reconnaissance and survey;
construction and maintenance of base camps to include survivability; horizontal and
vertical construction; laundry and shower services; mobile electric power; refrigeration;
expedient road construction, repair, and maintenance; drafting and surveying; obstacle
emplacement; breaching operations; and EAF construction. The ESB can reinforce either
the MWSS or CEB to support specific requirements that exceed organic ACE or GCE
engineer capabilities. The ESB works in concert with the NCF to provide comprehensive
engineer support to the MAGTF. The ESB is composed of an H&S company, engineer
support company, bridge company, EOD company, bulk fuel company, and two or three
combat engineer companies.
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102 NAVAL HERITAGE AND DOCTRINE FUNDAMENTALS (CONT)
•
•
MWSS - The MWSS provides the following AGS functions: internal airfield
communications; EAF services; aircraft rescue and firefighting; aircraft and ground
refueling EOD; motor transport; field messing; medical; CBRN defense; security and law
enforcement; air base commandant functions to include ABGD; and organic and support
unit personnel training. These functions allow the ACE to project its assets ashore and
generate sorties at a rate beyond that capable from sea-based platforms. AGS is
compatible with Navy aircraft and can support and accommodate Army rotary-wing aircraft
and most Air Force aircraft. The three main categories of engineer services provided by
the engineer company of the MWSS are general engineering services, utilities, and
material handling and heavy equipment services. The engineer company provides a host
of general engineering services necessary to support the ACE during operations.
CEB - A CEB is organic to the Marine division. The CEB mission is to enhance the
mobility, counter-mobility, and survivability of the division through combat and limited
general engineering support. CEB tasks include: engineer reconnaissance; emplacing
obstacle systems; breaching operations; mine/countermine; demolitions; limited combat
road and trail construction and maintenance; temporary vertical and horizontal
construction; and provide provisional infantry. A CEB contains a headquarters and service
(H&S) company, engineer support company, and three or four combat engineer
companies. A mobile assault company provides armored bridging, mechanized breaching,
and mobile route reconnaissance and clearance capabilities in order to enhance the
mobility of the Marine division.
22
COMMON CORE
103
103 ADMINISTRATIVE/COMMAND AND CONTROL FUNDAMENTALS
References:
[a] NWP 4-04 Naval Civil Engineer Operations
[b] NTRP 4-04.2.1 Doctrinal Reference for Naval Construction Forces
[c] NAVEDTRA 14234, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1
[d] JP 1-02 DOD Dictionary
[e] SECNAV M 5510.30 Personnel Security Program
[f] SECNAV M 5510.36 Information Security Program
[g] NAVFAC P-1105 Seabee Skills Assessment Manual
[h] http//www.necc.navy.mil
103.1 Discuss the following functional elements as they relate to Naval Civil Engineering Forces [ref.
a, ch. 2, p. 2-1]
• Naval Construction Division - NCD provides combat construction forces to fulfill
operational and forward engagement requirements of combatant commanders (CCDRs)
and component commanders; to conduct contingency and crisis action planning in support
of OPLANs and contingencies; to provide contributory engineering support to naval shore
activities; and to exercise C2 over NCR and Seabee readiness groups (SRG) by providing
them planning, training, and resources to organize, train, operate, and maintain Seabee
units.
• Naval Facilities Engineering Command -NAVFAC - NAVFAC is the Navy’s global shore
facilities manager. It is an Echelon II systems command (SYSCOM) reporting to the CNO.
NAVFAC provides acquisition and technical support to the operating forces of the Navy. It
is headquartered out of the Washington Navy Yard, Washington, DC, with FECs located at
naval stations throughout the world. According to JP 3-34, NAVFAC provides contingency
services, which support both adaptive and crisis action planning, and technical
engineering services to the operating and expeditionary forces of the U.S. Navy and
Marine Corps.
• Naval Amphibious Construction Battalion - The PHIBCBs conduct ship-to-shore
transportation of bulk fuel/water supplies, materials, and equipment in support of
amphibious operations known as JLOTS operations. They also provide support to MPF
operations. PHIBCBs also conduct related CSS, including general engineering and
security support in subsequent operations.
• Combatant Command Staff Engineer - COMPONENT STAFF ENGINEER - Each of the
unified CCDRs has a resident CEC officer on their staff except for U.S. Transportation
Command. The primary role of these officers is to contribute to strategic and operationallevel contingency planning processes toward development of an ESP for specifically
identified areas and operations. When a crisis situation arises, planners immediately tailor
the OPLAN for the specific situation. See Appendix B for information on combatant
command staff engineer/NAVFAC regional engineer alignment. Combatant command staff
engineers:
• 1. Function as conduits to relay engineer requirements and acquire services from 1NCD,
NECC, and NAVFAC.
• 2. Serve as the single points of contact providing the CCDR with mission capabilities,
organizational structure, equipment, and proper employment of the NCF and NAVFAC.
• 3. Help identify the amount and type of naval construction forces necessary to provide the
capabilities required by a joint force commander’s (JFC) campaign plan.
• 4. Request augmentation for the planning process from NAVFAC and 1NCD. A NAVFAC
contingency engineering management team staffed by Navy CEC officers from NAVFAC’s
cognizant FEC and/or 1NCD may be requested to support the CCDR’s planning effort.
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103 ADMINISTRATIVE/COMMAND AND CONTROL FUNDAMENTALS
103
(CONT)
103.2 Discuss the following as they apply to the operational chain of command
[ref. a, ch. 2, p. 2-2]
a. Commander Fleet Forces Command (CFFC)
b. Navy Expeditionary Combat Command (NECC)
c. Commander First Naval Construction Division (1NCD) / Naval Construction Forces Com (NCFC)
d. Naval Construction Regiment (NCR)
e. Seabee Readiness Group (SRG)
103.3 Define command and control (C2). [ref. a, ch. 3, glossary 3]
• The exercise of authority and direction by a properly designated commander over assigned
and attached forces in the accomplishment of the mission. Command and control functions
are performed through an arrangement of personnel, equipment, communications,
facilities, and procedures employed by a commander in planning, directing, coordinating,
and controlling forces and operations in the accomplishment of the mission. Also called C2
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103 ADMINISTRATIVE/COMMAND AND CONTROL FUNDAMENTALS
103
(CONT)
103.4 Discuss the mission of the following units: [ref. a, ch. 2, p. 2-4]
• Naval Construction Division (NCD) - 1NCD - 1NCD provides combat construction forces to
fulfill operational and forward engagement requirements of combatant commanders
(CCDRs) and component commanders; to conduct contingency and crisis action planning
in support of OPLANs and contingencies; to provide contributory engineering support to
naval shore activities; and to exercise C2 over NCR and Seabee readiness groups (SRG)
by providing them planning, training, and resources to organize, train, operate, and
maintain Seabee units.
• Naval Construction Regiment (NCR) - Commanded by a Navy CEC captain, the NCR(CE)
is a permanently structured, fully deployable integral unit. Command and staff functions for
the regiment are exercised through a compact operational command group that consists of
the commander and an executive staff. The staff is capable of integrating the efforts of
assigned units with those of supporting units. The deployable staff of the NCR(CE) is
organized into a command section, special assistants sections, and the following
departments: Administrative (R1), Intelligence (R2), Operations (R3), Logistics (R4),
Communications (R6), and Training (R7). The NCR(CE) does not have dedicated direct
labor assets
• Seabee Readiness Group (SRG) - An SRG plans and delivers training, mobilization, and
logistical support to 1NCD units to ensure that they achieve and maintain high operational
readiness. One SRG is located at each of the two NCF homeports. These homeports are
located at Port Hueneme, California, and Gulfport, Mississippi. The SRG is the personnel
receiving and processing activity for deployed 1NCD units and also supports reserve
personnel mobilization. 1NCD uses SRG resources to support contingency operations;
reception, staging, onward movement, and integration requirements; and NCR(CE) staff
individual augmentation requirements.
• Naval Mobile Construction Battalion (NMCB) - The NMCB provides a full spectrum of
general engineering capabilities and limited combat engineering capabilities for the
supported unit. Refer to Appendix A for a list of tasks within the range of NMCB
capabilities. It conducts the following initial engineer operations in support of combat
operations through permanent construction required during security and stability
operations:
• Underwater Construction Team (UCT) - The UCT is a specialized unit that provides a wide
range of underwater repair, inspection, and construction expertise. Teams are amphibious
in nature, consisting of qualified divers from Seabee ratings and support personnel. They
accomplish inshore and deep-ocean engineering tasks. The danger of underwater
construction and the use of explosives for subsurface and terrestrial demolition require
Seabee divers to have specialized training, skills, and personnel qualification standards.
Seabee divers continually exercise these critical readiness requirements throughout the
fleet response training plan to maintain their proficiency. Teams have specialists in
logistics, administration, and diving medicine.
• Construction Battalion Maintenance Unit (CBMU) - The CBMU provides deployment
support for 1NCD forward (FWD), conducts public works functions at expeditionary forward
operating bases, and constructs expeditionary medical facilities (EMFs). Its personnel and
equipment are a modular task organization of air-transportable, ground, and sea logistics
elements. Each CBMU is an integrated active duty/reserve organization whose AC is an
immediate response force, while its RC detachments require a 30-day mobilization for
employment. Of the total BA, roughly 70 percent are direct labor assets that can be
assigned directly to construction and contingency operations or other tasking.
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103 ADMINISTRATIVE/COMMAND AND CONTROL FUNDAMENTALS
•
•
•
103
(CONT)
Naval Construction Force Support Unit (NCFSU) - NCFSU - The NCFSU mission is to
rapidly deploy augment Echelons (capability sets) to provide responsive special
engineering support and CSS to NCRs, including specialized CESE, long-haul
tractor/trailer lift capacity for convoy operations, material liaison office (MLO) functions, and
specialized technical expertise. Echelons are capability sets that function to provide or
augment a Seabee unit’s organic capabilities.
Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC) - NAVFAV - NAVFAC is the Navy’s
global shore facilities manager. It is an Echelon II systems command (SYSCOM) reporting
to the CNO. NAVFAC provides acquisition and technical support to the operating forces of
the Navy. It is headquartered out of the Washington Navy Yard, Washington, DC, with
FECs located at naval stations throughout the world. According to JP 3-34, NAVFAC
provides contingency services, which support both adaptive and crisis action planning, and
technical engineering services to the operating and expeditionary forces of the U.S. Navy
and Marine Corps.
Naval Amphibious Construction Battalion (PHIBCB) - PHIBCB - The PHIBCBs conduct
ship-to-shore transportation of bulk fuel/water supplies, materials, and equipment in
support of amphibious operations known as JLOTS operations. They also provide support
to MPF operations. PHIBCBs also conduct related CSS, including general engineering and
security support in subsequent operations.
103.5 Describe the duties and responsibilities of the following staffs and departments
[ref. b, ch. 5, pp. 5-12 thru 5-18]
• Command Staff- Set goals
• Executive and Special Staff
• S-1 Admin-Handles all personnel matters
• S-2 Intel- Analyzes imagery, intel, and sigacts in the AO or planned AO, advises the ops
department of threats or possible concerns
• S-3 Ops- plans, coordinates and monitors missions
• S-4 Supply- provides logistical support for units
• S-6 Comms-Handles all communications related functions for the units
• S-7 Training-Supervises, coordinates, and plans training agendas and goals
103.6 Describe the duties and responsibilities of the following personnel [ref. c, ch. 1, p. 1-12]
• Company Commander
– Responsible for morale and welfare of the men and women assigned to the company.
– Training and readiness of the company.
– Economical use of materials and funds.
– Safety
– Recreation
– Discipline of the men and women within the company.
– Directives, correspondence and reporting.
• Company Chief
– He/She is the primary administrative assistant and technical advisor to the company
commander.
• Platoon Commander
– Normally a CPO who is responsible for the training, discipline, control, and tactical
deployment of the platoon. The Platoon Commander is also responsible for the overall
planning, scheduling, safety, quality controls, and project management of those
projects assigned to the platoon by the Company commander.
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103 ADMINISTRATIVE/COMMAND AND CONTROL FUNDAMENTALS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
103
(CONT)
Platoon Chief
– He/She is the primary administrative assistant and technical advisor to the platoon
commander.
Squad Leader
– Generally a PO1 who carries out the orders of the platoon commander and is
responsible to him for discipline, appearance, training, control, and conduct of the
squad at all times. In combat, he has the important responsibilities of fire discipline,
fire control, and maneuvering the squad.
Fire Team Leader
– Generally a PO2 who carries out the orders of the squad leader and is responsible for
the effective employment of the fire team. His primary responsibility is to control the
fire team in combat. In addition the fire team leader is responsible for the care and
condition of the weapons and equipment of the fire team.
Automatic Rifleman
– Generally a third class petty officer (E-4), provides heavy firepower and is the
backbone of the fire team. He is responsible to the fire team leader for the effective
employment of his automatic rifle as well as its condition and care. The automatic
rifleman acts as the fire team leader’s assistant and takes over in his absence.
Rifleman 1
– Generally a constructionman (E-3), carries extra ammunition for the automatic rifleman.
The automatic rifle must be kept in action at all times; if the automatic rifleman
becomes a casualty, rifleman number 1 moves up and replaces him. In addition,
rifleman number 1 is armed with the service rifle and acts as a rifleman and a scout. He
assists rifleman number 2 in protecting the flank (exposed side) of the fire team.
Rifleman 2
– A constructionman (E-3) or an apprentice (E-2), serves as a rifleman and protects the
flank of the fire team. He is point man for all team formations and may also serve as a
scout. If more than four men are assigned to the fire team, the additional men have the
same general duties as rifleman number 2. All are armed with the service rifle.
Grenadier
– Generally a third class petty officer (E-4), carries out the orders of the squad leader
and is responsible to him for the effective care, maintenance, and employment of his
weapon-the M203 grenade launcher. In combat, the grenadier always moves with or is
close to the squad leader. Usually, another E-4 in the squad is trained to replace the
grenadier should he become a casualty. On the jobsite, the grenadier has no special
authority unless specifically designated.
103.7 State the missions for the following NECC commands: [ref. h, http//www.necc.navy.mil]
•
Naval Expeditionary Combat Command - NECC provides rapid deployable and agile
expeditionary forces, made up of active duty and reserve mission specialists, to warfare
commanders in support of maritime security operations around the globe.
The MESF's primary mission is force protection conducted through fleet support with
operations around the world.
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COMMON CORE
103 ADMINISTRATIVE/COMMAND AND CONTROL FUNDAMENTALS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
103
(CONT)
Naval Construction Force - Seabees provide a wide range of responsive military
construction in support of operating forces, including roads, bridges, bunkers, airfields and
logistics bases. NECC’s Seabee units are adaptive to mission requirements, scalable and
agile. Seabees provide responsive military support for disaster preparation and recovery,
including furnishing assistance to civilian agencies. In addition, Seabees complete civic action
projects that complement nation-building programs and are known for their worldwide
humanitarian efforts. Seabees can protect their projects and themselves wherever they go.
Maritime Security Force - The Maritime Expeditionary Security Force (MESF) is responsible
for protecting and defending the green water operating area for Navy Expeditionary Combat
Command and the Navy. NECC provides adaptive force packages for fleet and combined
forces by rapidly deploying units like MESF into larger operations. MESF units are adaptive to
mission requirements, scalable and agile.
Explosive Ordinance Disposal - The U.S. Navy Explosive Ordnance Disposal force is the
only maritime expeditionary EOD and Mobile Diving and Salvage (MDS) capability within the
Department of Defense. EOD is the force of choice to enable Special Operations and
conventional forces access to denied areas. Navy EOD technicians and Navy Divers are
instrumental in clearing the way for further combat operations.
Expeditionary Diving - Expeditionary Divers have played critical roles in the Navy. They
perform essential in-water tasks anywhere in the world and are trained to conduct Salvage,
Harbor Clearance and debeaching for Maritime Disasters, Underwater Repairs to U.S. Navy
and NATO Ships and Submarines, Underwater Construction, and Submarine Rescue.
Riverine - The Riverine Force is responsible for providing an offensive combat component to
Navy Expeditionary Combat Command (NECC) and Navy brown water operating areas.
Categorized as a direct action unit, this force is designed to serve as a maneuver element to
conduct combat operations and augment land forces within the operational commander’s
riparian maneuver space. The riverine force is capable of combating enemy riverine forces by
applying fires directly or by coordinating supporting fires while operating with joint and
multinational forces.
Expeditionary Intelligence - Navy Expeditionary Intelligence Command (NEIC), within Navy
Expeditionary Combat Command, provides tactical force protection/indications and warning
intelligence collection, enabling Navy commanders to conduct missions across the full
spectrum of expeditionary operations.
Expeditionary Logistics - Navy Expeditionary Logistics Support Group (NAVELSG) provides
logistics capabilities within the maritime domain of Navy Expeditionary Combat Command
(NECC) and the Navy. NECC provides adaptive force packages for fleet, joint and combined
forces by rapidly deploying units like NAVELSG into larger operations. NECC’s NAVELSG
units are adaptive to mission requirements, scalable and agile.
Maritime Civil Affairs and Security Training Command - Maritime Civil Affairs and Security
Training (MCAST) Command mans, trains, equips and deploys Sailors to facilitate and enable
a Navy Component or Joint Task Force Commander to establish and enhance relations
between military forces, governmental and nongovernmental organizations and the civilian
populace. Accomplished in a collaborative manner across the spectrum of operations in the
maritime environment, MCAST Command executes Civilian-to-Military operations and Militaryto-Military training, as directed, in support of security cooperation and security assistance
requirements.
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COMMON CORE
103 ADMINISTRATIVE/COMMAND AND CONTROL FUNDAMENTALS
•
•
103
(CONT)
Combat Camera – Fleet Combat Camera Atlantic is a visual information acquisition unit,
providing photographic documentation covering surface, subsurface, air and ground
operations of armed forces engaged in combat, combat support operations, humanitarian
efforts, scientific research, and related peacetime activities such as exercises and war games.
Additionally, Fleet Combat Camera Atlantic has the only undersea documentation capability in
the DOD and supports Combat Operations, Operational Requirements, and Technical
Evaluations.
Expeditionary Combat Readiness - Expeditionary Combat Readiness Center (ECRC)
provides proactive support to Navy Individual Augmentees (IA) and Ad-Hoc units employed in
or in support of Overseas Contingency Operations. ECRC directly assists IA Sailors by
supervising the Continental United States (CONUS) portion of the IA process to include
uniforming, equipping, combat skills and mission specific training, and deployment. ECRC also
provides continual reach back support throughout the IA process including in-theater mission
tracking, administrative support, and weapon and gear return and re-utilization.
103.8 Discuss the following levels of security clearances. When does Personnel Security Investigation
(PSI) expire for each: [ref. f, ch. 4, p. 1]
•
•
•
Top Secret (TS) - Good for 5 Years (Two Person Integrity)
Secret (S) - Good for 10 Years
Confidential (C) Good for 15 Years
103.9 Discuss the procedures required for the following [ref. e, ch. 9, p. 1-9]
• Determine clearance eligibility - The adjudicative process is an examination of a sufficient
period of a person's life to make an affirmative determination that the person is eligible for a
security clearance. Eligibility for access to classified information is predicated upon the
individual meeting these personnel security guidelines. The adjudicative process is the careful
weighing of a number of variables known as the whole person concept. Available, reliable
information about the person, past and present, favorable and unfavorable, should be
considered in reaching a determination. In evaluating the relevance of an individual's conduct,
the adjudicator should consider the following factors:
a. The nature, extent, and seriousness of the conduct;
b. The circumstances surrounding the conduct, to include knowledgeable participation;
c. The frequency and recency of the conduct;
d. The individual's age and maturity at the time of the conduct;
e. The voluntariness of participation;
f. The presence or absence of rehabilitation and other pertinent behavioral changes;
g. The motivation for the conduct;
h. The potential for pressure, coercion, exploitation, or duress; and
i. The likelihood of continuation or recurrence.
• Grant access - Each case must be judged on its own merits, and final determination remains
the responsibility of the specific department or agency. Any doubt as to whether access to
classified information is clearly consistent with national security will be resolved in favor of the
national security.
The ultimate determination of whether the granting or continuing of eligibility for a security
clearance is clearly consistent with the interests of national security must be an overall
common sense determination based upon careful consideration of the following, each of which
is to be evaluated in the context of the whole person.
29
COMMON CORE
103 ADMINISTRATIVE/COMMAND AND CONTROL FUNDAMENTALS
•
•
103
(CONT)
Grant interim security clearance -The decision to issue an interim eligibility is made by a
DISCO adjudicator who considers 13 adjudicative guidelines. These same guidelines are also
used by an adjudicator in considering whether to grant a final PCL. These guidelines are set
forth in part II. It is important to note that DISCO may be required to await the completion of
an investigation in order to appropriately apply the 13 guidelines. We have, through
experience, learned that the most common reasons for such a delay in an eligibility
determination at the Investigation Request stage are:
o Financial Considerations. For example, a history of not meeting financial obligations or
an inability or unwillingness to satisfy debts.
o Emotional, Mental and Personality Disorders. For example, information that suggests
that an individual has a condition or treatment that may indicate a defect in judgment,
reliability or stability. Foreign Preference. For example, possession of a valid foreign
passport.
o Criminal Conduct. For example, felony arrests, multiple misdemeanor arrests or
imprisonment for over one year.
o Drug involvement. For example, recent drug use, illegal drug possession or drug
dependence.
Adjust or suspend access - When information of security concern becomes known about an
individual who is currently eligible for access to classified information, the adjudicator should
consider whether the person:
a. Voluntarily reported the information;
b. Was truthful and complete in responding to questions;
c. Sought assistance and followed professional guidance, where appropriate;
d. Resolved or appears likely to favorably resolve the security concern;
e. Has demonstrated positive changes in behavior and employment;
f. Should have his or her access temporarily suspended pending final adjudication of the
information.
If after evaluating information of security concern, the adjudicator decides that the information
is not serious enough to warrant a recommendation of disapproval or revocation of the security
clearance, it may be appropriate to recommend approval with a warning that future incidents of
a similar nature may result in revocation of access.
103.10 Explain what the Joint Clearance and Access Verification System (JCAVS) is
[ref. e, app. e, p. 1]
JCAVS provides security personnel the ability to constantly update clearance and access
information in real time to ensure the most current clearance information is available
throughout the DOD
103.11 Discuss the control measures for classified information [ref. f, ch. 7, p. 139]
• Classified information will be maintained in a controlled manner in accordance with written
doctrine.
• To gain access you must have the appropriate clearance, and the need to know as
established by higher authority
• JUST BECAUSE YOU HAVE CLEARANCE DOESN’T MEAN YOU HAVE ACCESS!!!!!
30
COMMON CORE
103 ADMINISTRATIVE/COMMAND AND CONTROL FUNDAMENTALS
103
(CONT)
103.12 Discuss the National Military Commands chain of command structure under two
distinct branches [ref. a, ch. 3, p.3-1; ref. a, ch. 4 p. 4-3]
•
•
The Operational Chain of Command. The first branch is the operational chain of command.
The Navy’s operational chain-of-command branch runs from the President to the Secretary of
Defense (SecDef) to the combatant commander (and to the subordinate unified commander or
commander, joint task force, when designated). The Navy component commander is under the
combatant commander. The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff transmits orders to the
combatant commanders as directed by the President.
The Service Chain of Command. The second branch of the chain of command is the service
chain of command. The service chain of command prepares service forces and their
administration and support. The Secretary of the Navy is responsible for the administration
and support of U.S. Navy and Marine Corps forces assigned or attached to each of the
combatant commands. The Secretary exercises ADCON through the CNO and the
commander of the Navy component command assigned to a combatant command and
through the Marine Corps Commandant and the Marine Corps component commander
assigned to a combatant command. Service component commanders operate within both
chain-of command branches: they respond to JFC’s orders in the operational chain of
command, and are equipped, manned, and supported by the service chain of command.
103.13 Discuss the levels of authority (control) [ref. a, ch. 3, p. 3-2, glossary 3]
• Type Commander (TYCOM) - ECHELON II Command - Leaders/Planners
• Combatant Command (COCOM) - Provides input for budget and planning, programming
,and budgeting system. Assigns subordinate commanders. Develops and maintains relations
with Department of Defense agencies. Convenes courts-martial. Directive authority for
logistics
• Operational Control (OPCON) - Gives authoritative direction for all military operations and
joint training. Organizes and employs commands and forces. Assigns command functions to
subordinates. Establishes plans and requirements for intelligence, surveillance and
reconnaissance activities. Suspends subordinate commanders from duty
• Tactical Control (TACON) - Local direction and control of movements or maneuvers to
accomplish mission.
• Support - Aid, assist, protect, or sustain another organization
• Administrative Control (ADCON) - ADCON is the direction or exercise of authority over
subordinate or other organizations for administration and support actions. ADCON is
delegated and exercised by Service force commanders
• Coordinating Authority - Coordinating authority applies more to planning than to operations
and is given to a commander or an individual to coordinate special functions and activities
involving two or more military departments or two or more forces of the same Service. The
commander or individual requires consultation among agencies but does not have the
authority to force agreement. The establishing directive names the common task to be
coordinated but does not change organizational relationships in other matters. The missions
and capabilities of the commands determine the scope of the coordinating authority.
Commanders or individuals at or below CCDR level exercise coordinating authority.
• Direct Liaison Authorized (DIRLAUTH) - DIRLAUTH is a coordination relationship, not an
authority through which command may be exercised. A commander at any level grants
DIRLAUTH to a subordinate in order for the subordinate officer to directly consult or coordinate
an action with a command or agency within or outside of the granting command. DIRLAUTH is
more applicable to planning than operations, and this relationship requires the subordinate to
keep the granting commander informed on a continuing and timely basis.
31
COMMON CORE
103 ADMINISTRATIVE/COMMAND AND CONTROL FUNDAMENTALS
103
(CONT)
The designated command relationship (i.e., actual authority) and agreed support requirements are
designated by an OPORD.
103.14 Discuss the following in relation to Support Authority (Control) [ref. a, ch. 3, pp. 3-7 thru 3-8]
•
•
•
•
•
•
Supported Commander: ensures that the supporting commander understands the type of
assistance required. Unless limited by the establishing directive, the supported commander
has the authority to exercise the general direction of the supporting effort, which includes
designating and prioritizing targets and objectives for construction projects, in the case of
Seabees, and establishing the time and duration of the supporting action.
Supporting Commander: determines the supported commander’s needs and fills them
according to priorities and requirements of other assigned tasks. The supporting commander
determines the forces, tactics, methods, procedures, and communications necessary to
provide the support. When the supporting commander cannot fulfill the needs of the supported
commander, the supported or the supporting commander notifies the establishing authority.
General Support. A Seabee element provides general construction/engineering support to the
component or the component element as a whole, not to a particular subordinate unit. The
Seabee element responds to the requirements of the component command as tasked by the
NCE Operations Officer in coordination with the component command staff engineer.
Direct Support. A Seabee element provides direct construction/engineering support to one
unit. The Seabee element is required to respond to the supported unit’s
construction/engineering requirements. As a second priority, the Seabee element will respond
to the construction/engineering requirements of the component command as tasked by the
NCE Operations Officer in coordination with the component command staff engineer. These
Seabee elements may be assigned to the supported unit or operate with independent logistics
support.
Close Support. A Seabee element with a close support mission provides
construction/engineering support on projects and objectives with the supported force through
coordination with the NCE Operations Officer and provides force protection, movement, and
communications tasks through coordination with the supported force. An example of close
support is the combat engineer task execution of units engaged in the combat operation
conducted in Fallujah, Iraq.
Mutual Support. Seabee elements receive a mutual support mission when their assigned
tasks, their position relative to other component command engineer elements, and their
capabilities allow them to coordinate their activities in order to assist each other to respond to
the construction/engineering requirements of the component command. These Seabee
elements are tasked by the NCE Operations Officer in coordination with the component
command staff engineer. An example of this support is execution of combat engineer or
general Engineering tasks by units engaged in a specific combat operation, such as the
construction of the Diyala gap crossing during Operation IRAQI FREEDOM. Both Marine
Engineers and Seabees supported this mission.
32
COMMON CORE
103 ADMINISTRATIVE/COMMAND AND CONTROL FUNDAMENTALS
103
(CONT)
103.15 Discuss the following plans and orders [ref. d, pp. 396, 218, 580]
• OPLAN is a detailed statement of a course of action to be followed to accomplish a future
mission.
• OPORD, may be oral, dictated, or in written form. The most important determining factor of the
form and the method of issuing an OPORD is time available for its preparation and distribution.
• WARNO is to give advance notice that a unit is to be moved. If time permits, the order is
usually issued about 90 days in advance of the departure date. This time period allows
subordinate units time to prepare for the move.
• FRAGO Use to send timely changes of existing orders to subordinate and supporting
commanders while providing notification to higher and adjacent commands. Send FLASH
precedence.
33
COMMON CORE
104
104 BASIC FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE FUNDAMENTALS
References:
[a] NAVEDTRA 14295, Hospital Corpsman
[b] NAVEDTRA 14234, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1
104.1 State the sequence to examine an injured person. [ref. b, ch. 10, p. 10-1]
• Check for breathing: lack of oxygen intake can lead to brain damage or death in a very few
minutes
• Check for bleeding: life cannot continue without an adequate volume of blood to carry oxygen
to tissues
• Check for shock: unless shock is prevented or treated, death may result even though the
injury would not otherwise be fatal
• Examination warnings
• If there are any signs of chemical or biological agent poisoning, you should
immediately mask the casualty.
• If it is nerve agent poisoning, administer the antidote, using the casualty’s
injector/ampules
• In a chemically contaminated area, do not expose the wounds
• Leg fractures must be splinted before elevating the legs as a treatment for shock
104.2 State the reason for not moving an injured person unless absolutely necessary. [ref. b, ch. 10,
pp. 10-1, 10-8]
• As a general rule, make your preliminary examination in the position and place you find the
victim.
• Moving the victim before this check could gravely endanger life, especially if there are
fractures, skull or spine injuries
•
If the situation is such that you or the victim is in danger, you must weigh this threat against
the potential damage caused by premature transportation.
• If you decide to move the victim, do it quickly and gently to a safe location where proper first
aid can be administered
104.3 Describe the signs, symptoms, and treatment of shock. [ref. b, ch. 10, pp. 10-23 thru 10-26]
• Shock is a condition in which the circulation of the blood is seriously disturbed. This can cause
lack of oxygen to body systems.
• Shock creates a vicious cycle; the worse it is, the worse it will become. A person going into
shock may display quite a few signs and symptoms
• Signs/symptoms
• The signs of shock do not always appear at the onset of the injury. The following is a list of
some of those signs:
• Sweaty but cool skin (clammy skin)
• Paleness of skin Restlessness or nervousness
• Thirst
• Pulse is weak and rapid
• Enlarged pupils
• Breathing is shallow and irregular
• Blotchy or bluish skin, especially around the mouth
• Nausea and/or vomiting
• Treatment
• Keep the victim calm
• Try to prevent the victim from seeing the injury
• If victim is conscience and not internal injuries are evident, you should give the victim
small amounts of warm water
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104 BASIC FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE FUNDAMENTALS
•
104
(CONT’D)
If it is possible, place the injured person on the back on a bed, cot, or stretcher, and raise the
lower end of the support about 12 inches so that the victim's feet will be higher than the head
104.4 Explain why you should not give an unconscious person anything by mouth. [ref. b, ch. 10, p.
10-1]
• Giving an unconscious person any food or drink by mouth can cause vomiting.
• If the victim vomits, the vomited material may enter the lungs.
• Victim could choke to death
104.5 Describe the three types of bleeding. [ref. b, ch. 10, p. 18]
• Capillary bleeding. Bleeding is slow, the blood "oozes" from the (wound) cut
• Venous bleeding. The blood is dark red or maroon, and flows in a steady stream
• Arterial bleeding. The blood bright red and “spurts” from the wound. Arterial bleeding is
life threatening and difficult to control
104.6 Explain the four methods for controlling bleeding. [ref. b, ch. 10, p. 19]
• Direct pressure:
– First method to use when controlling bleeding. In almost every case bleeding can be
stopped by direct pressure on the wound
– Use a sterile dressing when available and tie a knot directly over the wound. Do not tie
the knot too tight and cut off circulation
• Elevation:
– Raising an injured limb above the level of the heart helps to control the bleeding.
Elevation should be used together with direct pressure
– Caution!
– Do not elevate a limb when you suspect a fracture
• Indirect pressure:
– In instances of severe bleeding where direct pressure and elevation are not controlling
the bleeding, indirect pressure may be used.
– Bleeding from a cut artery or vein can often be controlled by applying pressure to the
appropriate pressure point
– The object of the pressure is to compress the artery against the bone, thus shutting off
the flow of blood from the heart to the wound
• Tourniquet
– Should only be used as a last resort for severe, life threatening bleeding that cannot
be controlled by any other method.
– When using this method, be thoroughly familiar with the dangers and limitations of it’s
use.
104.7 Discuss the major pressure points of the body. [ref. b, ch. 10, pp. 10- 20 thru 10-22]
• Pressure points: Is a point where a main artery lies near the skin surface and over a bone or
firm tissue.
• The objective of applying pressure is to compress the artery against the bone, thus shutting off
the flow of blood from the heart to a wound.
• There are 11 principal pressure points on each side of the body. (Total 22)
• Jaw (Facial), Shoulder (subclavian), Arm (brachial), Wrist (radial and ulnar), Hip (femoral)
Ankle (anterior tibial), Ear (temporal), Hip (lilac artery), Knee (popliteal)
35
COMMON CORE
104
104 BASIC FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE FUNDAMENTALS (CONT’D)
104.8 Describe the first aid treatment for a sucking chest wound. [ref. a, ch. 4, p. 4-38]
• Requires immediate first aid treatment
• A penetrating injury to the chest that produces a hole in the chest cavity, causing the lung to
collapse, which prevents normal breathing functions
• It is imperative the wound be sealed with an airtight dressing to prevent air from entering the
chest cavity through the wound.
• Any material that will form an airtight barrier, can be used if they are large enough to cover the
wound
• If the victim’s condition suddenly deteriorates when you apply the seal, IMMEDIATELY
remove it
• After the wound is sealed and dressed, the victim should be placed on the wounded side
unless there are back injuries
• Watch the victim closely for shock and treat accordingly
• Do not give victim anything to drink. Transport to treatment facility IMMEDIATELY.
104.9 Describe the first aid treatment for a person with a suspected spinal injury. [ref. b, ch. 10, p. 1039]
• Do not move the victim unless it is absolutely essential
• Do not bend or twist the victim’s body, do not move the head forward, backward, or sideways
and do not under any circumstances allow the victim to sit up
• First aid procedures
• Minimize shock
• Prevent further injury to the spinal cord
• Keep the victim comfortably warm
104.10 Describe the three degrees of burns. [ref. b, ch. 10, p. 10-30]
• Most commonly result from exposure to fire, chemicals, or electricity.
• The severity of burns depends on the depth, size, and location
• Burns are most serious when they are located on the face, neck, hands, and feet
FIRST DEGREE BURNS
• Characterized by redness, mild swelling, and pain
• Usually the result of spending too much time in the sun, short contact with chemicals, or minor
scalding with hot water or steam
SECOND DEGREE BURNS
• Are much deeper than first-degree burns and appear very red with blisters
• Usually results from deep sunburns or flash burns from gasoline fires
• Most painful type of burns because the nerve endings are still intact even though the skin is
severely damaged
THIRD DEGREE BURNS
• The most serious burn because the burn is so deep, it requires a long time to heal and scars
will form over the burn area
• Skin may look white or charred black
• Extends through all layers of the skin and into the flesh below the skin
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COMMON CORE
104 BASIC FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE FUNDAMENTALS
104
(CONT’D)
104.11 Describe the first aid treatment for the following burns:
•
White phosphorous burn [ref. b, ch. 10, p. 10-32]
– A special category of burn is that caused by contact with white phosphorus
– First aid for this type of burn is complicated by the fact that white phosphorus particles
ignite upon contact with air
Treatment:
– Partially embedded particles must be continuously flushed with water while the first aid
provider removes them with whatever tools are available
– Deeply embedded particles that cannot be removed must be covered with a saline
soaked dressing
 Chemical burn [ref. b, ch. 10, p. 10-31]
Alkali burns caused by dry lime:
– Mixing water and lime creates a very corrosive substance. Dry lime should be
removed by brushing the material from the skin and clothing unless massive amounts
of water are available for rapid and complete flushing
Acid burns caused by carbolic acid
– Wash the affected area with alcohol because carbolic acid is not water soluble.
– Then wash the area with large quantities of water
– If alcohol is not available, flushing with water is better than no treatment at all
Treatment:
– Flush the area immediately with a lot of cool running water for 5 to 10 minutes to wash
away any chemicals.
– Remove clothing and jewelry from the victim on which chemicals have spilled
– Flush again with water and gently pat it dry with a sterile gauze. Do not rub the area.
– Transport the victim to a medical facility
– Warning! Do not attempt to neutralize any chemical unless it is known exactly what it
is and what substance will effectively neutralize it
 Flash burn to eyes [ref. a, ch. 8, p. 8-2]
– Burns caused by a nuclear explosion are divided into two classes: direct and indirect
burns
– Direct burns, usually called flash burns, are the result of thermal, infrared radiation
emitted by a nuclear explosion
– Indirect burns are the result of fires caused by the explosion
 Symptoms:
– Blindness may persist for 20 to 30 minutes
– Eyes are irritated, like having sand in the eyes
Treatment:
– Apply cold compresses to the affected area. Transport victim to the nearest medical
treatment facility
• Chemical burn to eyes [ref. b, ch. 10, p. 10-31]
Treatment:
– The one and only emergency treatment for a chemical burn to the eyes is to flush the
eye(s) immediately with large amounts of water or sterile saline solution
– Acid burns to the eyes should be irrigated for at least 5 to 10 minutes with at least 200
milliliters of water
– Alkali burns should be irrigated for at least 20 minutes
– Do not allow water to fall directly on the eye. Hold the victim’s head in a position that
allows water to flow from inside the corner of the eye toward the outside
– Never use any chemical antidotes such as baking soda or alcohol when treating burns
of the eye
– Do not try to neutralize chemical agents
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COMMON CORE
104 BASIC FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE FUNDAMENTALS
104
(CONT’D)
104.12 Describe the symptoms and treatment of: [ref. b, ch. 10, p. 25]
•
•
•
Heat cramps
– Heat cramps usually affect people who work in hot environments or who engage in
strenuous exercise without acclimating themselves to the conditions
– May result from drinking ice water or other cold drinks too quickly or in too large a quantity
after exercise
– Symptoms
o Excessive sweating which can result in painful cramps in the muscles of the
abdomen, legs, and arms
o Muscle spasms caused by heat cramps usually last only a few minutes
Treatment
o Move to a cool place
o Give plenty of water to drink
o Gently massage muscles to relieve the spasms
o If symptoms do not improve treat for heat exhaustion and transport to a medical
facility
Heat exhaustion
– The most common heat related condition resulting from prolonged exposure to hot
conditions
– Heat exhaustion involves a serious disturbance of blood flow to the brain, heart, and lungs
– Symptoms:
o Victim may appear ashen gray; skin will be cold, moist, clammy, normal or
subnormal temperature
o Pupils may be enlarged
o Victim may experience symptoms such as weakness, fatigue, headache, loss of
appetite, and nausea.
Treatment
o Care for the victim as if in shock.
o Move the victim to an air conditioned space if possible.
o Loosen clothing and apply cool wet cloths to the head, armpits, groin,, and ankles.
o Do not chill the victim
o If the victim is conscious, a solution of one-teaspoon of salt dissolved in a quart of
cool water should be given.
o Transport the victim to a medical facility as soon as possible.
Heat stroke
– Sunstroke is more accurately called heat stroke since it is not necessary to be exposed to
the sun for this condition to develop.
– Heat stroke is less common but far more serious than heat exhaustion.
– The most important factor of heat stroke is the extremely high body temperature, 105 F or
higher, that accompanies it 20% mortality rate
– Symptoms
o Headache, nausea, dizziness, or weakness
o Breathing may be deep and rapid and change to shallow and almost absent
o Flushed, very dry and hot skin, constricted pupils and a fast, strong pulse
Treatment
o Heat stroke is a true life or death emergency
o The longer the victim remains overheated, the more likely the victim is to suffer
irreversible body and brain damage or death
o The main objective is to get the body temperature down as quickly as possible
o Get victim to a medical treatment facility as soon as possible
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104 BASIC FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE FUNDAMENTALS
o
104
(CONT’D)
Cooling measures must be continued during transport
104.13 Explain how heat casualties in the field may be prevented. [ref. a, ch. 4, p. 4-61]
• Command responsibility
• Prevention centers on water and salt replacement
• Do not consume alcoholic beverages
104.14 Describe frostbite and immersion foot. [ref. b, ch. 10, pp. 10-27 thru 10-29]
FROSTBITE
• Frostbite occurs when ice crystals form in the skin or deeper tissues after sustained exposure
to a temperature of 32 degrees F or lower
• Depending upon the temperature, altitude, and wind speed, the exposure time necessary to
produce frostbite varies from a few minutes to several hours.
• The area’s most commonly affected are the face and extremities
• Symptoms are progressive.
• Affected skin reddens and there is an uncomfortable coldness
• Area becomes numb due to reduced circulation
• As ice crystals form, the frozen extremity appears white, yellow-white, or blotchy blue
and white
• The surface of the skin feels hard, but the underlying tissue is soft
• Warning!
• Never rub a frostbitten area!
• Never heat a frostbitten area with open fire
IMMERSION FOOT
• Immersion foot, which may also occur in the hands, is a cold injury resulting from prolonged
exposure to wet, cold temperatures just above freezing
• It is often associated with limited motion of the extremities and water-soaked clothing
• The temperature does not need to be below 32 degrees F to cause injury
• Symptoms
• Early stages, the feet and toes turn pale and feel cold, numb, and stiff
• Walking becomes difficult
• The feet will swell and become painful
• If not treated the flesh dies and amputation of the extremity may be necessary
Treatment:
• Do not rub or massage the injured part
• Remove wet clothing
• Do not rupture blisters or apply salves or ointments
• Clean with soap and water, dry thoroughly, elevate and keep extremity exposed to dry air
• Evacuate by litter
104.15 Describe the signs and symptoms of hypothermia. [ref. b, ch. 10, pp. 10-27 thru 10-28]
• Hypothermia is cooling of the entire body.
• It can be caused by continued exposure to low or rapidly dropping temperatures, cold
moisture, snow, and/or ice
• Symptoms
• Several stages of progressive shivering
• Feelings of sluggishness, drowsiness and confusion
• Victim may become unconscious
• Victim may go into shock
• The lower extremities may freeze
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COMMON CORE
104 BASIC FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE FUNDAMENTALS
•
•
104
(CONT’D)
Treatment
– Victim must be warmed quickly
– Move victim to warmth
In the field
– Place nude victim in a sleeping bag with two volunteers stripped to their underwear to
provide body-to-body heat transfer
– This WILL SAVE LIVES in the field
Hypothermia is a medical emergency!
The victim needs heat Now!
104.16 Explain how cold injuries can be prevented. [ref. a, ch. 4, p. 4-62]
• Cold weather injuries can be prevented by becoming accustomed to a cold climate, by wearing
warm layered clothing, and by maintaining good discipline and training
• Wearing dry gloves, stocking cap, well insulated boots, and keeping the body well hydrated
will help the body maintain its normal temperature
104.17 Describe the symptoms and first aid treatment for a joint dislocation. [ref. a, ch. 4. p. 4-54]
• A bone that has been forcibly displaced from its joint is dislocated
• Dislocations are usually caused by falls or blows but are occasionally caused by muscle
exertion. The joints that are most frequently dislocated are the shoulder, hip, finger, and jaw
– Symptoms
o Rapid swelling and discoloration
o Loss of ability to use the joint
o Severe pain and muscle spasms
o Possible numbness
o Possible loss of pulse below the joint
o Shock
Treatment
– Loosen the clothing around the injured part
– Place the victim in the most comfortable position possible
– Support the injured part by means of a sling, pillow, bandages, splints, or any other
device that will make the victim comfortable
– Treat the victim for shock
– Get medical help as soon as possible
104.18 Explain when and why a cold pack or heat pad would be used on a sprain. [ref. a, ch. 4, p. 456]
• Treat all sprains as fractures until ruled out by x-rays
• Apply cold packs for the first 24 to 48 hours to reduce swelling and to control internal
hemorrhage
• Apply a snug, smooth, figure eight bandage to control swelling and to provide immobilization
• After the swelling stops moist heat can be applied for short periods (15 to 30 minutes) to
promote healing and reduce swelling
104.19 Describe the procedure for treating insect bites. [ref. a, ch. 5, p. 5-9]
• Stings from bees, wasps, and ants account for more poisonings than stings from any other
insect group. Fortunately, they rarely result in death. The vast majority of stings cause a minor
local reaction at the injection site, with pain, redness, itching, and swelling. These symptoms
usually fade after a short time. A small percentage of these stings can cause an allergic victim
severe anaphylactic reactions, presenting with itching, swelling, weakness, headache, difficulty
breathing, and abdominal cramps. Shock may follow quickly, and death may occur.
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COMMON CORE
104 BASIC FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE FUNDAMENTALS
•
104
(CONT’D)
The following first aid measures are recommended for all but minor, local reactions to bites or
stings:
– Closely monitor vital signs (and the whole patient), and remove all rings, bracelets, and
watches.
– Remove stingers without squeezing additional venom (remaining in poison sacs
attached to stingers) into the victim. To do this, scrape along the skin with a dull knife
(as if you were shaving the person). The dull blade will catch the stinger and pull it
out.
– Place an ice cube or analgesic-corticosteroid cream or lotion over the wound site to
relieve pain. Do NOT use tobacco juice, saliva, or other concoctions.
– For severe allergic reactions (generalized itching or swelling, breathing difficulty,
feeling faint or clammy, unstable pulse or blood pressure), immediately give the victim
a subcutaneous injection of 1:1000 aqueous solution of epinephrine. Dosage is 0.5 cc
for adults and ranges from 0.1 to 0.3 cc for children.
– Patients with severe allergic reactions should be evacuated immediately to a medical
facility.
104.20 Describe the first aid treatment for snake bites. [ref. a, ch. 5, p. 5-11]
• The most important first aid treatment for venomous snakebites is reducing the circulation of
blood through the bite area
• This will delay absorption of the venom, prevent aggravation of the local wound, and maintain
the victim’s vital signs
Treatment
– Wrap a constricting band 2 to 3 inches above the fang marks, or above the nearest joint,
but away from the swelling
– A second constricting band should be placed 2 to 3 inches below the wound.
– Feel the victim’s pulse below the constricting bands to keep ahead of the swelling
– If the victim can not reach a medical facility within 30 minutes, and if there are definite
signs of poisoning, use a sterile knife blade to make an incision about 1/2 inch long and 1/4
inch deep lengthwise over each fang mark.
– Apply suction cups to help remove injected venom.
– Suction by mouth is recommended only as a last resort.
– The human mouth contains so many bacteria that the bite could become infected.
– Incision and suction more than 30 minutes after the bite is not recommended.
– Treat for shock
– Use a splint to immobilize the victim’s affected extremity, keeping the involved area at or
below the level of the heart
– Cover the wound to prevent further contamination.
– Telephone the nearest medical facility so proper anti-venom can be made available.
– Transport the victim (and the dead snake) to a medical facility as soon as possible
104.21 Describe the first aid treatment for fractures. [ref. b, ch. 10, p. 10-33]
• If there is any possibility that a fracture has been sustained, treat the injury as a fracture until
an x-ray can be made
• Rough handling of the victim may convert a closed fracture into an open fracture, increase the
severity of shock, or cause extensive damage to the blood vessels, nerves, muscles, and
other tissues around the broken bone
• Do not move the victim until the injured part has been splinted
• Treat for shock
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COMMON CORE
104 BASIC FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE FUNDAMENTALS
•
•
•
•
104
(CONT’D)
When a long bone in the arm or leg is fractured, the limb should be carefully straightened so
that splints can be applied unless it appears that further damage will be caused.
Never apply force or traction
Apply splints. If the victim is to be transported a short distance, or treatment by a medical
officer will not be delayed, it is best to leave the clothing on and place emergency splinting
over it
If the fracture is an open fracture you must take care of the wound before you can deal with
the fracture
104.22 Describe how to reinforce a compress dressing. [ref. a, ch. 4, p. 4-33]
• Compress dressings may be reinforced by applying additional sterile dressings over the battle
dressing and covering the entire dressing with an elastic bandage
104.23 Explain the following methods for carrying a casualty: [ref. b, ch. 10, pp. 10-12 thru 10-18]
• A casualty may be transported by using one-man or two-man carries
• The two-man carries should be used whenever possible, as they provide more comfort to the
casualty, are less likely to aggravate the injury, and are less tiring to the carriers
• The particular carry selected should be the one less likely to aggravate the casualty’s injury
104.24 State the four general rules that apply when using a stretcher. [ref a, ch. 3, p. 3-18]
• Use standard stretchers when available, but be ready to improvise safe alternatives.
• When possible, bring the stretcher to the casualty.
• Always fasten the victim securely to the stretcher.
• Always move the victim FEET FIRST so the rear bearer can watch for signs of breathing
difficulty.
• Be sure to use proper lifting techniques so as not to become a victim yourself. When raising
or lowering the patient, the litter bearer at the patient’s head calls the lift.
104.25 Explain the importance of personal hygiene and cite examples. [ref. b, ch. 10, pp. 10-40 thru
10-43]
• Because of close living accommodations in the field, personal hygiene is extremely important
• Disease and sickness can spread rapidly and affect an entire battalion in a short period
Good practices
– Daily bath or shower prevents body odor and is absolutely necessary for maintaining
cleanliness and preventing common skin diseases
– Using medicated powders and deodorants helps keep the skin dry
– Socks and underwear should be changed daily
– The importance of washing your hands at appropriate times can not be
overemphasized
104.26 Explain three methods of purifying water in the field. [ref. b, ch. 10, p. 10-43]
Boiling is used when disinfecting compounds are not available. To purify a canteen of water
by boiling, follow the steps listed below:
– Boil the water at a rolling boil for at least 15-20 seconds
– Let the water cool before drinking it. Once the water has cooled, it must be consumed
Iodine tablets
• Check tablets for physical change. If the tablets are stuck together, crumbled, or have a color
other than steel gray, do not use them.
• Fill canteen with the cleanest, clearest water available
• Add one iodine per 1 quart canteen of clear water, 2 tablets if the water is cloudy
• Place cap loosely and wait 5 minutes
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104 BASIC FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE FUNDAMENTALS
104
(CONT’D)
• Shake canteen, allowing leakage to rinse the threads around the neck of the canteen
• Tighten the cap and wait an additional 20 minutes before using the water for any purpose
Calcium hypochlorite ampules
• Fill the canteen with the clearest, cleanest water available, leaving an air space of at least 1
inch below the neck of the canteen
• Add one ampule of calcium hypochlorite to a canteen cup half full of water; stir with a clean
stick until the powder has dissolved
43
COMMON CORE
105
105 HAZARDOUS MATERIAL / HAZARDOUS WASTE ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
FUNDAMENTALS
References:
[a] OPNAVINST 5100.23G, Navy Occupational Safety and Health (NAVOSH) Program Manual
[b] NAVEDTRA 14233, Naval Construction Force/Seabee 1 & C
[c] NAVEDTRA 14167, Naval Safety Supervisor
[d] OPNAVINST 5100.19D, Naval Occupational Safety & Health (NAVOSH) Program Manual Afloat
[e] COMFIRSTNCDINST 5100.2B Naval Construction Force Occupational Safety and Health Program
[f] OPNAVINST 5090.1B CH-4 Environmental and Natural Resource Program Manual
[g] 29 CFR Part 1910 General Industry Standards
105.1 Describe the difference between Hazardous Material (HAZMAT) and Hazardous Waste (HW).
[ref. c, ch. 5, pp. 5-7 thru 5-9]
• HAZARDOUS MATERIAL is a material that is harmful to the environment such as
paint, cleaners, acids, glues, or other flammables.
• HAZWASTE is a product generated from a process that once completed, the product
can no longer be used to meet it’s original intended purpose. HAZMAT which has
exceeded it’s shelf-life is considered HAZWASTE also.
105.2 State the purpose and information contained on the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). [ref. b,
ch. 7; ref. c ch. 5]
• A document generated by the manufacturer of the material that communicates to the users the
chemical, physical, and hazardous properties of that material.
• In Compliance with OSHA hazard communication, standard key information includes:
- Name, address, and emergency contact for the manufacturer.
- Physical and Chemical Characteristics.
- Fire and Explosive Hazard Data.
- Reactivity Data.
- Health Hazard Data.
- Precautions for Safe Handling and Use.
- Control Measures
105.3 What are the six categories of HAZMAT? [ref. c, ch. 5, p. 5-7]
• 1: Flammables and Combustibles (fuels/grease)
• 2: Aerosols
• 3: Toxins and Poisonous materials
• 4: Compressed gases ( acetylene/ oxygen)
• 5: Oxidizers (bleach/ calcium hypochloride)
• 6: Corrosives (acids or alkali's)
105.4 Explain the storage procedures for incompatible material. [ref. d, ch. C23-4 thru C237,appendix. C23-F]
• According to the type of HAZMAT, certain storage procedures must be applied. For example,
do not mix flammable and toxic materials, or flammables and corrosives together.
• The safest practice concerning hazardous material is to draw only the amount of material that
can be used that day. Storing hazardous materials on the job site requires the use of
approved containers. These containers must be placed a minimum of 50 feet away from any
ignition device or source. Plan for the delivery of proper storage equipment before having
hazardous materials delivered to the job site.
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105 HAZMAT/HAZWASTE ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY FUNDAMENTALS
105
(CONT’D)
105.5 What are the general procedures to be followed when a Hazardous Material/Hazardous Waste
(HM/HW) spill occurs or is discovered? Ref. f, ch. 10, pp. 10-10 thru 10-19; ref. g, 29 CFR 1910.120]
•
HAZMAT / HAZWASTE spills:
- The unit must respond immediately with an approved response team, equipment, and
disposal plan. Reports must be made and tests conducted to ensure no contamination
remains. Disposal of contaminate soils, etc. must follow strict guidelines.
105.6 State the PPE required when handling HM/HW at levels A, B, C, D
[ref. g, 29 CFR 1910.120, app. b]
• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Ensure all personnel understand the following.
– What hazard materials are present.
– What dangers they present when exposed to personnel and equipment.
– What PPE is required for protection from each specific danger.
– What training is required for proper use of PPE.
– Ensure proper training is documented.
– Ensure training includes the issue, use, and maintenance of PPE in routine and nonroutine use of hazardous materials.
– Ensure comprehensive risk assessments are conducted at all job sites and work areas.
105.7 What are the 9 different Hazard classification codes? [ref. h, sec. 173.2]
• Class 1: Explosives
• Class 2: Gases
• Class 3: Flammable Liquids
• Class 4: Flammable Solids
• Class 5: Oxidizing Agents & Organic Peroxides
• Class 6: Toxic & Infections Substances
• Class 7: Radioactive Substances
• Class 8: Corrosive Substances
• Class 9: Miscellaneous
105.8 Describe the purpose of secondary labeling of HAZMAT when unit packages (marked packages
that are part of a larger container) are removed from the shipping container. [ref. b, ch. 7]
• Labeling and marking of containers: The name of
the manufacturer and the organization receiving,
sending, using, or transferring the material to other
containers.
• Example. A two quart can filled with oil from the lube
rack must have a label on it specifying what type of
HM is in the can, the name of the manufacturer, and
nature of the hazard.
• Identify reference sources for use in verifying label
and marking requirements and provide
recommendations, training guidelines, and
procedures for labeling and marking all containers
including tanks, pipes, and secondary containers.
• Provide consultation on the identification of HM, the
labeling and marking of HM containers for special
applications or conditions of use, and for HM
produced or manufactured locally by the activity.
45
COMMON CORE
105 HAZMAT/HAZWASTE ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY FUNDAMENTALS
105
(CONT’D)
105.9 Define the following terms:
• Hazardous Material Minimization Center (HAZMINCEN) [ref. d, ch. C2303]
– Issues receives, prepares for disposal, and stores excess stock of HM.
• Consolidated Hazardous Material Reutilization and Inventory Management Program
(CHRIMP) [ref. f, ch. 3]
– Tracks, bar codes, and creates requisitions for HM
• Hazardous Materials Inventory Control System (HICS) [ref. f, ch. 3]
– Prepares reports for administration purposes of the HM inventory. A combined program
with CHRIMP.
– - Both CHRIMP and HICS are being replaced with Hazardous Substance Management
System (HSMS). This program provides the same functions.
105.10 Discuss the aspects of portable containment of oils spills on water. [ref. b, ch. 7]
• Portable containment of oil spills on water: Boom of spills has proven to be an effective
method of containing spills of liquids on relatively calm and current free waters. Because of
ecological considerations, booming has become an important means of containing oil spills,
even though more effective equipment is now available.
• Following confinement of oil spills on water, various methods of removing the confined liquids
have been used.
– Absorbents, such as straw, plastics, sawdust, and peat moss are spread on the surface of
the spill and then collected and burned on shore.
– Skimming devices operate on a different principle and must include pumps and separators.
Skimmers scoop up the oil and water and send them through an oil separator and rollers to
which only the oil adheres. The oil is then removed by scraping and compression.
105.11 Discuss the potential environmental impact of the following: [ref. b, ch. 7]
• Oil spills
– Small spills in areas with shallow groundwater table or where contained by natural barriers
can be immediately remedied.
– Interceptor Trench.
– Stripping and replacing of contaminated soil.
• Grubbing operations
• Large scale clearing in initial stages of a project can produce damaging side effects:
• - Increased soil erosion.
• - Reduction of atmospheric oxygen.
• - Destruction of wildlife habitat.
Preventative Measures:
• - Save as much vegetation as possible.
• - Construct a shallow trench around the project.
• - Burn only when necessary.
• Asbestos
– Fibrous material used extensively from the 1930’s to the 1960’s. It is a known carcinogen.
Hazardous when airborne and inhaled. Symptoms don’t occur until years later.
– As a rule, NCF does NOT do asbestos work.
• Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB)
– Group of toxic chemicals used extensively as insulators and coolers in electrical equipment,
especially transformers.
– Causes irritation to eyes, skin, and lungs, also suspected of causing cancer.
– Regulated beginning with the Toxic Substances Control Act in 1977.
46
COMMON CORE
106
106 SUPPLY/LOGISTICS FUNDAMENTALS
References:
[a] NAVEDTRA 14326, Storekeeper Basic
[b] NAVEDTRA 14233, Naval Construction Force/Seabee 1 & C
[c] NAVSUP P- 485 (Rev. 3), Afloat Supply Procedures Manual, Vol. I
[d] NAVSO P-3013-2, Financial management of Resources
[e] OPNAVINST 5100.19D, Navy Occupational Safety and Health (NAVOSH) Program Manual for
Forces Afloat
[f] COMSECONDNCB/COMTHIRDNCBINST 4400.3, NCF Supply Manual
[g] NAVSUP P-485 (Rev. 3), Navy Supply procedures, Vol. II
[h] NAVFAC P-300 Management of Civil Engineering Support Equipment
[i] NAVSUP P-485, Naval Supply Procedures, Vol. III
[j] Army Field Manual 4-0, (FM 4-0) ch 6. Supply and Field Services
106.1 Explain the importance of the Consolidated Shipboard / Shorebased Allowance List
(COSAL/COSBAL) in relation to the commands mission and sustainability. [ref. a, ch. 1]
• Coordinated Shipboard/Shore-based Allowance List (COSAL)
• The COSAL is a supply document that lists the items required to achieve maximum, selfsupporting capabilities for an extended period of time.
106.2 Discuss the following processes in reference to the COSAL/COSBAL: [ref. f, ch. 2]
• COSALValidating and Updating
− Completed annually and during every turnover.
− Information on the equipment identification plate is checked against the COSAL.
− Discrepancies are noted on an OPNAV 4790/CK form and submitted to CESO.
− COSAL is changed to reflect correct equipment and the APL and Automotive Repair
Parts (ARP) stock is updated as appropriate.
106.3 What are the 11 Classes of Supply? [ref. j, ch. 6]
I
Subsistence and commercially bottled water.
II
Clothing, individual equipment, tools, tool kits, tents, admin and housekeeping type
supplies, as well as unclassified maps.
III
POL includes bulk fuels and packaged products such as antifreeze.
IV
Construction items, including fortification and barrier materiel.
V
Ammunition of all types.
VI
Personal demand items (nonmilitary sales items) and gratuitous health and comfort
pack items.
VII
Major end items, such as launchers, tanks, mobile maintenance shops, and vehicles.
VIII
Medical supplies, including repair parts for medical equipment.
IX
Repair parts and components, to include kits, assemblies, and subassemblies, both
reparable and nonreparable, which are required for maintenance support of all
equipment.
X
Materiel to support nonmilitary programs, such as agricultural and economic
development, which are not included in supply classes I through IX.
Misc Salvage, packaged water, captured enemy supplies
106.4 Discuss the purpose of the Material Obligation Validation (MOV) Program. [ref. i, ch. 2]
• MOV Program ensures that:
− The requirements for the material still exist and the quantity requested is still required
− Checks that priorities assigned in the requisition are still valid
47
COMMON CORE
106
106 SUPPLY/LOGISTICS FUNDAMENTALS (CONT’D)
•
•
•
•
Cancels material no longer needed.
− FEX material that was not received in time and is no longer needed.
Corrects files.
− Open purchase was made, but receipt was never turned in, so requisition is still open.
Internal MOV requires end users to provide copies of receipt to clear the outstanding
requisition on file
Frequency
External MOV
• Higher unit (Inventory Control Point) initiates the MOV.
• Quarterly.
• Internal MOV
• Supply Officer initiates an MOV for each department.
• Monthly.
106 .5 Discuss the following:
• OPTAR [ref. c, ch. 9, par. 9002; ref. d, ch. 4, par. 4000]
An OPTAR has two components
o Requisition/OPTAR Log (NAVCOMPT 2155)
o Similar to a checkbook, every grant and requisition is recorded here.
o A separate log is maintained for each OPTAR (i.e. 02 funds are kept separate from 03
funds)
• Travel Log
o Tracks deployment per diem and TAD travel
• BOR [ref. c, ch. 9, par. 9125; ref. d, ch. 4, par. 4107]
– Budget Optar Report - is submitted monthly for the current fiscal year and for the first 6
months following the close of the fiscal year
106.6 Discuss the following:
• Departmental budget Report [ref. g, ch. 4]
o All OM&N money is allocated in categorized funds (02, 03, etc.), which are centrally
controlled by supply.
o The unit supply officer can choose to divide these funds into departmental budgets.i.e.
$40,000 budgeted to A Co for all parts, maintenance, and consumables.
o Separate funds cannot be mixed.
o Administrative money can’t be used to buy parts
• Defense Reutilization Marketing Office (DRMO) [ref. c, ch. 3]
o Materials in one of the following three categories may be turned into DRMO:
o Items that need inventory manager disposal authority.
o Items that do not need inventory manager disposal authority.
o Scrap or waste.
• All items turned in must have a completed DD Form 1348-1 with S-4’s signature.
• Excess material that has been turned into DRMO may be drawn out by any Navy unit which
has an allowance or mission requirement for the material.
o Requires screening and authorization by the supply officer.
48
COMMON CORE
106
106 SUPPLY/LOGISTICS FUNDAMENTALS (CONT’D)
106.7 State the criteria for which a requisition cancellation request is warranted
ref. c, ch. 3, par. 3565]
• Navy Stock System Purchases:
o When materials are ordered wrong or the received material is the wrong part, then
the parts may be returned to supply.
o The refund money goes to the TYCOM (NCB).
o The only way the unit (NMCB) may get the money back is by requesting additional
funds from the TYCOM (NCB) at the end of the fiscal quarter/year, using the return
as justification.
106.8 Define the following: [ref. c, ch. 5, par. 5125]
•
•
Plant property
– Navy-owned property that costs $5000 or more is referred to as Plant Property.
o Two categories:
• Class 3- useful life expectancy of two or more years
• Class 4- industrial plant equipment
Minor property
– All Navy-owned property bought for immediate use on shore establishments that
o Costs between $300-$5000 or
o Costs more than $5000 but has a useful life expectancy less than 2 years.
– Also, regardless of cost, all classified, sensitive, or highly-pilferable equipment is
considered Minor Property.
– Includes property used for the purpose of cutting, abrading, grinding, shaping, forming,
joining, testing, heating, treating, or otherwise altering the physical, electrical, or chemical
properties of materials components or end items.
106.9 Discuss what qualifies as a controlled item. [ref. g, app. 9d]
• The Controlled Inventory Item Code (CIIC) is a single digit alpha or numeric code found in card
column (cc) 52 of the change notice. The CIIC designates the degree of physical security
assigned to an item of supply. The CIIC was formerly known as Security/Pilferage/Arms,
Ammunition And Explosives Security Risk Code
106.10 Explain the purpose of the Allowance Change Request (ACR). [ref. h, ch. 5]
• An ACR (NAVSUP 1220-2) is used to change the quantity on an allowance list.
– Typical reasons for an ACR include:
− Material failure rates other than expected.
− New operating areas or conditions.
− Mission assignments require additional support.
− Technical improvements in equipment, systems or repair parts that can provide
additional capabilities.
• An ACR is submitted through TYCOM (NCB) to Navy Inventory Control Point (NAVICP)
• An ACR regarding CESE must go through TYCOM (NCB) to CESO.
• Before submitting an ACR, ensure that a similar request has not been previously denied.
49
COMMON CORE
106
106 SUPPLY/LOGISTICS FUNDAMENTALS (CONT'D)
106.11 Discuss the following forms:
• NAVSUP 1250-1: Requisition/consumption reporting document used by submarine force and
non-automated units.
• NAVSUP 1250-2: Requisition/consumption reporting document for procuring non-NSN
material.
• DD 1348: Requisition form that can serve as a requisition follow-up, modifier, or cancellation
request.
• NAVSUP 1149: Requisition invoice/ shipping document used for open purchase items or
services.
− Example: Prior to a battalion movement, an 1149 is used to request a cruise box
shipment.
• DD 200: Survey form as well as a report for lost, stolen, or damaged items
106.12 Define the acronyms and terms and state the responsibilities for the following outlets of
Supply: [ref. f ]
• Automotive Repair Parts (ARP)
– Receives, stores and issues repair parts for CESE and material handling equipment.
– Validates and updates CESE COSAL.
– Typically located in Alpha Company spaces.
– Financial records, reports, and requisition files are normally maintained in Supply.
• Central Tool Room (CTR )
– Manages all hand tools, power tools, tradesman’s tool kits, and other special tools.
– Assets are kept under strict security because items are highly pilferable and can be easily
converted to personal use.
– Inventory management measures include maintenance of separate records for individual
items, scheduled physical inventories, and scheduled preventive maintenance.
• Central Storeroom (CSR )
– Central shipping and receiving outlet in the battalion.
– Receives all shipments that are not project related (ARP, consumables, etc.).
– Manages and issues administrative and consumable items in the TOA.
– Typically located in Supply spaces
• Material Liaison Office (MLO)
– Manages all project funds and materials in accordance with NAVSUP P-48.
– Receives, issues, and inventories project materials.
– Maintains records and accounting.
– Submits reports of expenditures for project materials at the mainbody site.
– Details manage their own materials.
– Supply Officer is overall responsible for project materials at all sites, including main body.
• Organizational clothing.
– CUU Issue, commonly known as greens issue is where CUU uniforms are ordered and
issued from, as well as organizational clothing, such as Gortex rain gear and
polypropylene (Polypros). They also issue Infantry gear.
106.13 Define the following abbreviations and acronyms: [ref. f, app. g]
• National Stock Number (NSN)
– A 13 digit stock number used to identify an item of material in the Federal Supply System.
– Assigned by the Defense Logistics Service Center, Battle Creek, Michigan.
50
COMMON CORE
106
106 SUPPLY/LOGISTICS FUNDAMENTALS (CONT'D)
•
•
Cognizance Symbol (COG)
− Two position alpha-numeric code.
− Identifies the Navy inventory manager, or cognizant authority, of the specific category
of material that item falls under.
− Example: The COG for all CESE is 2C.
− All CESE falls into the same category of material, which means all CESE has the same
cognizant inventory manager.
Allowance Parts List (APL)
− Lists all the repair parts installed in the equipment or component to which it applies.
− Also lists the equipment or component’s operating parameters and capabilities.
− Each piece of equipment or component has a separate APL.
− APLs are filed in Part II of the COSAL.
•
Allowance Equipage List (AEL)
− Lists all the equipment a specific unit or platform is supposed to have.
− Examples:
• Camp Maintenance Builder Shop would have an AEL.
• Possible entry on a ship AEL would be life rings.
•
Not Carried (NC)
− Material the supply department does not stock.
Not in Stock (NIS)
− Material the supply department carries, but is out of when requested.
Selected Item Management (SIM)
− Inventory control.
− If a part is requested two or more times in a six month period, it is identified for SIM.
• All SIM items are inventoried quarterly.
• Non-SIM items are inventoried semi-annually.
•
•
106.14 Discuss the purpose of a Report of Deficiency (ROD) (SF-364) and the Quality Deficiency
Report (QDR) (SF-368), including the situation requiring its submission. [ref. c, ch. 4, para. 4270,
4274]
•
•
Report of Deficiency (ROD) - SF 364
• Used to record shipping or packaging discrepancies.
− Material shipped to a wrong activity.
− Erroneous material or unacceptable substitutes.
− Items not received or are received in damaged condition (at least $100 per line
item).
− Wrong quantity shipped (at least $100 per line item).
− Technical data markings are missing or incomplete.
Quality Deficiency Report (QDR) - SF 368
• Documents deficiencies with the quality of the product due to design flaws. Two
categories:
− Category I: Quality deficiency which will cause death or serious injury or illness;
would cause loss or major damage to weapon system; directly restricts combat
readiness of a unit; or causes production line stoppage.
− Category II: All other quality deficiencies.
51
COMMON CORE
106
106 SUPPLY/LOGISTICS FUNDAMENTALS (CONT'D)
106.15 Describe the functions of a supply department organization. [ref. c, ch. 1, par.1050]
•
The S4 is the Supply Officer
– Member of the Supply Corps.
– He or she is over-all responsible for all functions of the supply department.
– All officers and enlisted assigned to the supply department are subject to his or her
orders.
• The S4A is the Assistant Supply Officer
– Normally the Services Division Officer.
– He or she assumed the duties of the Supply officer in his or her absence.
• The S4C is the Supply Department Military Division Officer.
– Usually the senior enlisted member of the Supply Department, commonly referred
to as the “Supply Chief”.
– Serves as the military, personnel, and departmental administration manager.
• The Disbursing Officer is a Supply Corps Officer
– Personally responsible for all monies in their custody.
– Operation of the disbursing office and the Battalion Post Office.
• The Food Services Officer
– Often a collateral duty of the Assist Supply Officer.
– He or she is responsible for the operation of the galley, the wardroom mess/
officers’ quarters, and the CPO mess and quarters.
Supply Officer
S4
SERVICES
S4A
Material Liaison Office
MLO
OUTLETS
S4C
Disbursing
ARP
Food Service
CTR
Billeting
CSR
GREENS ISSUE
52
COMMON CORE
107
107 COMMS/COMMUNICATIONS SECURITY MATERIAL SYSTEMS FUNDAMENTALS
References:
[a] Navy Electronic Key Management System (EKMS 1)
[b] MCRP 3-40.3 (series) FMFM 3-36 Radio Operators
[c] TM 11-5820-890-10-8 Operators manual, SINCGARS GROUND COMBAT NET-RADIO, ICOM
[d] PUB. No. 10515-0103-4100, AN/PRC -150 MANPACK Radio Operators manual
[e] PUB No. 10515-0109-4100, AN/PRC -117F Operators manual
[f] MCWP 6-22 Communications and Information System
[g] NAVEDTRA 14235, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 2
107.1 Discuss Communications Security (COMSEC) and the role of the Electronic Key Management
System (EKMS series) Local Element. [ref. a, ch. 4, pg 86]
• Communications Security (COMSEC) material is that material used to protect U.S.
Government transmissions, communications, and the processing of classified or sensitive
unclassified information related to national security from unauthorized persons and that
material used to ensure the authenticity of such communications.
• Keying material, equipment and related devices, cryptographic system operating instructions
(KAOs) and maintenance manuals (KAMs), etc.)
• Local Element (LE) personnel are responsible to their Commanding Officer for the proper
management and security of all COMSEC material held by the command. LEs are responsible
to the parent or servicing account (or to the LE (Issuing)) for the proper accountability,
security, control, and disposition of COMSEC material issued to them. LEs must also:
• Provide the Commanding Officer of the LE command with information about new or
revised COMSEC policies and procedures and their impact on the command.
• Follow written instructions issued by the parent or servicing EKMS account (or LE
(Issuing)) governing the handling, accountability, and disposition of COMSEC material.
•
Provide written guidance concerning handling, accountability, and disposition of
COMSEC material to all LE (Using) personnel. Conduct training to ensure that all
personnel handling COMSEC material are familiar with and adhere to proper COMSEC
procedures. Emphasis shall be placed on accountability, security, TPI requirements,
and identification of improper practices. Fill device applications and end unit interface
training is responsibility of program of record. Document training locally in accordance
with command directives. Ensure proper inventory and destruction of COMSEC
material issued to the LE (Using) personnel.
•
Ensure that proper storage and adequate physical security is maintained for COMSEC
material.
•
Ensure that all amendments to COMSEC-related publications are entered promptly
and correctly, as applicable.
•
Complete, maintain, and forward required accounting records and reports to the
parent or servicing EKMS account (or LE (Issuing)).
•
Issue COMSEC material on local custody forms after verifying that the recipient is
authorized to hold COMSEC material and has executed a Responsibility
Acknowledgment Form.
•
Oversee the implementation of and compliance with the OTAR/OTAT procedures
(e.g., periodic review of local logs, adherence to TPI requirements).
•
Ensure that page checks of COMSEC material are conducted as required.
•
Ensure adherence to TPI requirements.
•
Incorporate emergency destruction procedures for COMSEC material into the LE
command Emergency Action Plan (EAP).
53
COMMON CORE
107 COMMS/COMMUNICATIONS SECURITY MATERIAL SYSTEMS FUND
•
•
107
(CONT’D)
Report immediately to the LE Commanding Officer and the parent or servicing account
EKMS Manager (or LE (Issuing)) any known or suspected insecure practice or
COMSEC incident in accordance with this manual. Coordinate with the parent or
servicing EKMS account (or LE (Issuing)) to ensure that required reports are submitted
and replacement material is, when required,obtained.
All LE personnel must execute a COMSEC responsibility Acknowledgement Form.
107.2 What is meant by the term Two-Person Integrity (TPI) and how it is related to COMSEC.
[ref. a, ch. 5]
• Personnel are not normally permitted to work alone in areas where top secret information or
information controlled under special access program procedures is used or stored and is
accessible to those employees
107.3 Discuss the following terms:
• CCI - Controlled Cryptographic Item (CCI) is the designator which identifies secure
telecommunications or information handling equipment, or an associated cryptographic
component, which is unclassified but controlled within the CMCS.
• Physical Security – Offers additional protection to boundaries of COMSEC Material
(perimeter controls, guard forces, and physical defenses). Controlled Cryptographic Item
(CCI) is the designator which identifies secure telecommunications or information handling
equipment, or an associated cryptographic component, which is unclassified but controlled
within the CMCS.
• PDS - PDSs, while not reportable to the national level (NSA),
are practices, which have the potential to jeopardize the security of COMSEC material, if
allowed to perpetuate.
– All accounts must conduct annual PDS familiarization training that will, at a minimum,
include reviewing and discussing of this chapter. Document training locally in
accordance with command directives.
• EAP/EDP– Every command that holds classified COMSEC or CCI material must prepare and
maintain a current, written emergency plan for safeguarding such material in the event of an
emergency. All Emergency Plans will be reviewed annually and updated as necessary, or
whenever changes in the local environment dictate an update to the plan.
• DTD - The DTD is an integral component of the EKMS. It is used to securely distribute key
generated by the LMD/KP to consumers. The consumers are either an end cryptographic unit
(ECU) or another DTD. The DTD is also able to replace current common fill devices (FDs).
The DTD has a host side and a COMSEC side. The host side is a small computer used to
control the functions of the DTD or run User Application Software (UAS) (e.g., Card loader
UAS (CLUSA) and Common UAS (CUAS)) for special functions. The COMSEC side performs
the cryptographic functions.
• COMSEC Incident - To some degree, every item of COMSEC material is accounted for and
controlled because of the role it plays in the cryptographic processes that protect or
authenticate U.S. government information transmitted e electronically. To counter the threat to
secure communications posed by COMSEC material mishandling, losses, or thefts, the
National Security Agency (NSA) established the National COMSEC Incident Reporting and
Evaluation System (NCIRES).
54
COMMON CORE
107 COMMS/COMMUNICATIONS SECURITY MATERIAL SYSTEMS FUND
107
(CONT’D)
107.4 Explain the three different types of “Supersessions” [ref. a, ch. 2]
•
•
•
Regular supersession is a change of encryption codes as a result of a pre-determined
“expiration date” of encryption fills.
Irregular supersession is a change of encryption codes as a result of a damaged or
corrupted code.
Emergency supersession is a change of encryption codes as a result of a compromised
code (or fill).
107.5 Explain the function and the contents of Communications Electronic Operating Instruction
(CEOI). [ref. f, ch. 6]
• The CEOI contains the technical guidance required to establish and maintain communications
support of operations. The CEOI amplifies the CIS SOP by providing detailed guidance for the
coordination and control of communications means and functions. SPEED includes the
Revised Battlefield Electronic CEOI System (RBECS), module to support generation of the
CEOI. Input is normally requested from subordinate commands by higher HQ. Sufficient
copies of the CEOI should be maintained by the issuing HQ to allow issue to other units that
may be attached for an operation. The following information and instructions can usually be
included in the CEOI:
– Call sign assignments
– Frequency assignments
– Radio guard charts
– Radio net identifiers
– Telephone directory names and numbers.
– Identification and marking panel codes.
– Signal panel message instructions.
– Pyrotechnic and smoke codes.
– Ground-to-air signals.
– Sound warning signals.
107.6 Define the following terms:
• EEFI: Essential Elements of Friendly Information - A code that allows us to notify one another
of a security breach that has occurred over a circuit
• CCIR: CCIRs are the information regarding the enemy and friendly activities and the
environment identified by the commander as critical to maintaining situational awareness,
planning future activities, and facilitating timely decision making.
• C4I: Command, control, communications, computer, and intelligence network connectivity.
• CISO: Communications Information Systems Officer - The CISO collects and analyzes all
available information relative to the impending operation and the resources available to
support the operation to provide the commander and other staff members with sound advice
for the employment of CIS.
107.7 What is the primary tactical radio used by the NCF and what man-pack is used
in infantry operations: [ref. b, ch 2]
• The primary MAGTF VHF radio is the single-channel ground and airborne radio system
(SINCGARS). SINCGARS is a family of lightweight combat radios that serves as the primary
means of communications for command and control and fire support on the battlefield.
SINCGARS is the standard VHF-FM tactical radio.
55
COMMON CORE
107 COMMS/COMMUNICATIONS SECURITY MATERIAL SYSTEMS FUND
107
(CONT’D)
107.8 Identify the following capabilities for the “Radio” Receiver-Transmitter (RT) 1523:
(AN/PRC-119): [ref. c]
•
•
•
•
•
Characteristics – Lightweight, frequency agile, multi-use, line of sight
Frequency range – 30.000 to 87.975 MHz
Configuration – Can be used MANPACK, or vehicle mounted.
Antennas – 3 Ft Tape, 10 Ft Whip, OE-254, Vehicle Antenna
Power sources – Vehicle powered, BA-5590 /BB-390
107.9 Identify the following capabilities for the “Radio” Receiver-Transmitter (RT) 1694
(AN/PRC-150): [ref. d]
•
•
•
•
•
Characteristics – High frequency, long range, multi-mode tactical radio, beyond line of sight
(BLOS)
Frequency range – 1.6 to 59.999 MHz HF and VHF
Configuration – MANPACK, floor rack, vehicle mount
Antennas – 10 ft whip (MANPACK), 40 ft whip (large complex antenna), bowtie antenna
Power sources – Rack power, vehicle power, or 2 standard SINCGARS battery
107.10 Identify the following capabilities for the “Radio” Receiver-Transmitter (RT) 1796
(AN/PRC 117): [ref. e]
•
•
•
•
•
Characteristics – SINCGARS compatible, VHF, UHF and UHF Satcom capable
Frequency range – 30-512 MHz VHF and UHF
Configuration – MANPACK, vehicle mount
Antennas – 3 ft tape, 10 ft whip, OE-254, TACSAT
Power sources – Vehicle, 2 standard SINCGARS battery
107.11 Explain the function of the following communication assets:
•
•
•
•
The AN/PSN-11 is part of the NAVSTAR GPS system. It tracks up to 5 satellites at once. It is
water proof, designed for battlefield use anywhere in the world. It is designed to be held w/ the
left hand, and operated with the left hand thumb. It is encryptable to prevent it from reading
false signals broadcast by the enemy. (Being replaced by AN/PSN-13 Dagr
AN/CYZ-10 – CRAZY 10
Simple Key Loader
Standardized key loading and crypto management.
Capable of receiving, storing, and transferring data from ANCD to ANCD, from ANCD to
SINCGARS radios, and from ANCD to other compatible communications/electronic
equipment. (Being replaced by AN/PYQ 10C – SKL)
56
COMMON CORE
107 COMMS/COMMUNICATIONS SECURITY MATERIAL SYSTEMS FUND
107
(CONT’D)
107.12 Discuss the proper use of the phonetic alphabet, numerals, and prowords. [ref. b, app. c, d, e]
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Verbal procedures: During combat activities, thunderstorms, or other high-background noise
levels, voice communications may require spelling certain words phonetically.
Phonetic alphabet: Phonetic spelling provides clarity and emphasizes accuracy of
information.
Numbers are transmitted digit by digit except that exact multiples of hundreds and thousands
may be spoken as such;
Pro-words: Words or phrases used to reduce circuit traffic.
Precedence Prowords:
• Flash (Z): Deliver as soon as possible
• Immediate: 30 minutes or less
• Priority: 3 hours or less
• Routine: 6 hours or less
Read Back: Means to transmit the entire transmission back exactly as you received it.
Say Again: All of your last transmission.
Roger: Means I have received your last transmission satisfactorily.
Over: This is the end of my transmission to you and a response is necessary.
Figures: Numerals or numbers to follow.
I say again: I am repeating transmission or portion indicated.
107.13 Explain Line Of Sight (LOS): [ref. b, ch 1-7; ref. c, glossary]
• The straight unobstructed path between two points
57
COMMON CORE
107
107 COMMUNICATIONS / ELECTRONIC KEY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FUNDAMENTALS
(CONT’D)
107.14 Discuss the purpose of a retransmission (RETRANS) site: [ref. b, ch 6-10; ref. c]
•
Retransmission – Capability designed to extend range beyond line of sight using
multiple radios and antennas.
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108
108 WEAPONS FUNDAMENTALS
References:
[a] NAVEDTRA 14234, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1
[b] NAVEDTRA 14324, Gunner’s Mate
[c] Seabee Battle Skills Guide Vol. 1
[d] NTRP 3-07.2.2
[e] Construction Battle Skills Guide, Book 1, All Hands 2005 Edition
[f] TM-SW215-BC-MMO-010, Operator’s and Maintenance Manual for AN/PVS-12A,
Night Vision, Crew Served Weapons
[g] FM 3-22.09, M16A1 and M16A2 Rifle Marksmanship
[h] TM-SW215-B4-MMO-010, Operator’s and Maintenance Manual for AN/PVS-12A, Night Vision,
Individual Weapon
[i] Construction Battle Skills Guide, Book 4, Crew/Team Skills 2005 Edition.
[j] TM 9-1010-230-10 Operators Manual Machine Gun, 40mm, MK19, MOD3
[k] TM 9-1005-213-10 Operators Manual Machine Gun, Cal. 50; Browning M2 Heavy Barrel Ch.1, sec.
II Pg. 1-5
[l] FM 3-22.68
[m] MCWP 3-15.1 Machine Guns and Machine Gunnery
108.1 State the four rules of weapon safety. [ref c, ch. 1]
• Rule 1 – Treat every weapon as if it were loaded.
• Rule 2 – Never point a weapon at anything you do not intend to shoot.
• Rule 3 – keep finger straight and off the trigger until you are ready to fire.
• Rule 4 – Keep weapon on SAFE until you intend to fire.
108.2 Define the four weapon conditions: [ref c, ch. 1]
• Condition one
– Magazine is inserted, a round must be chambered, and the safety is on.
• Condition two
– Magazine is inserted, a round is chambered, the weapons action is closed, and the
hammer is forward. This condition applies to weapons with external hammers except
for the M9 service pistol.
• Condition three
– Magazine is inserted, chamber is empty, the action is closed and safety is on.
• Condition four
– All ammo is removed, chamber is empty, the action is closed and the safety is on.
108.3 What weapons systems are in the NCF: [ ref. l, ch. 3, ref b, ch. 3]
• M9
• M16
• M240B
• 50 Cal
• MK 19
• AT4
• M-203
• M-500 Shotgun
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108 WEAPONS FUNDAMENTALS
108
(CONT’D)
108.4 Define the following terms associated with the M16A3 and the M9. [ref. a, ch. 3]
• Malfunction
o The failure of a weapon to function satisfactorily, usually because of excess friction
caused by dirt, improper lubrication or carbon buildup.
o Immediate action- you must stop and clean the weapon to correct this problem
•
•
Misfire
o A complete failure to fire, NOT a delay in firing that may be caused by a faulty firing
mechanism or a faulty element in the propelling charge explosive train.
o Immediate action
• Strike the forward assist to be sure the extractor has engaged a round
• Tap upward on the magazine to ensure it is fully seated.
• Pull the charging handle to the rear.
• If round is ejected, release handle, strike forward assist and attempt to fire.
• If round is not ejected, check for a round in the chamber, if it is clear, release
handle, strike forward assist and attempt to fire.
• If a round is stuck in the chamber it must be removed before attempting to
reload/ re-chamber.
Stoppage
o Any interruption in the cycle of functioning caused by faulty action of the weapon or
ammunition.
o Immediate action
o Strike the forward assist to be sure the extractor has engaged a round.
o Tap upward on the magazine to ensure it is fully seated.
o Pull the charging handle to the rear.
o If round is ejected, release handle, strike forward assist and attempt to fire.
o If round is not ejected, check for round in the chamber, if it is clear, released handle,
strike forward assist and attempt to fire.
o If a round is stuck in the chamber it must be removed before attempting to reload/re
chamber.
108.5 State the eight steps of operation in a firing cycle. [ref. b, ch. 3]
• Feeding: the feeding action places a round in the receiver just to the rear of the chamber.
• Chambering: takes place as the moving bolt strips the round and forces it into the chamber.
• Locking: holds the bolt in the forward position for a short period of time to prevent the loss of
gas pressure.
• Firing: the firing pin actually strikes the primer of the cartridge
• Unlocking: after the round is fired, the bolt unlocks and moves rearward.
• Extracting: the process of pulling the empty case back out of the chamber. As the bolt moves
rearward extraction occurs.
• Ejecting: as the casing is extracted, ejection occurs as it is thrown out of the weapon.
• Cocking: the retraction of the firing mechanism against spring pressure so that there will be
sufficient energy to fire the next cartridge.
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108 WEAPONS FUNDAMENTALS
108
(CONT’D)
108.6 Explain the differences between semi-automatic and automatic operation. [ref. a, ch. 3]
• A semiautomatic weapon unlocks, extracts, ejects, cocks and reloads automatically. The
trigger must be pulled each time to fire a round.
• An automatic weapon unlocks, extracts, ejects, cocks and reloads automatically. An automatic
weapon will fire as long as the trigger is pulled and rounds are available to fire.
108.7 Define the following terms: [ref. a]
• Trajectory: The flight path the bullet takes from the weapon to the target.
• Breech: The rear end of the barrel.
• Bore: The actual hole in the barrel. It may be rifled or not.
• Chamber: The enlarged part of the bore at the breech that holds the cartridge.
• Muzzle: The front or forward end of the barrel.
• Muzzle velocity: The speed at which the bullet travels when it leaves the muzzle.
• Maximum range: The greatest distance a round will travel
• Maximum effective range: The greatest distance at which a weapon may be expected to fire
accurately to inflict damage or casualty
108.8 Discuss small arms ammunition color codes and state the purpose of each:
[ref. a, ch. 3]
• Orange or red: Tracer rounds
• Violet: Blank rounds
• Black: Armor piercing
• Aluminum: Armor piercing, incendiary.
• Green: Standard ball ammunition
108.9 State the maximum range, maximum effective range, employment, rates of fire, and types of
ammunition of the following weapons: [ref i]
M9 Service Pistol
– semi-automatic
– Magazine fed
– Recoil operated
– Double action or single action firing pistol
– Current issue sidearm
– Capabilities/Characteristics
– Length: 8.54in
– Weight: 2.12lbs
– Weight fully loaded (15rnd mag): 2.54lbs
– Magazine capacity: 15 rounds
– Muzzle velocity: 1230/fps
– Max effective range: 50m
– Ammunition: fires 9mm Ball ammunition
– Safety Features
• The M9 pistol has only ONE safety.
• It has THREE SAFETY FEATURES.
– Ambidextrous safety: Allows for safe operation of the pistol by right and
left handed users. Lowers the hammer safely without causing an
accidental discharge
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108 WEAPONS FUNDAMENTALS
–
–
M-16A3 rifle
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
108
(CONT’D)
Firing Pin Block: Prevents any motion of the firing pin and is only
overcome by pulling the trigger
Half Cock Notch: Prevents accidental discharge. If the cocked hammer
should fall forward due to a mechanical failure, this would catch on the
sear before the hammer would strike the firing pin.
Lightweight
Gas operated
Air cooled
Magazine fed
Shoulder fired
Semi-automatic or fully automatic
Modes of fire
• Semiautomatic Fire Mode: When a single shot is fired the trigger must be pulled
each time.
• Automatic Fire mode: Rifle will continue to fire as long as the trigger is held
back
Selector Level
• Safe Position: Rifle will not fire
• Semi position: The trigger must be pulled each shot
• Auto: Rifle will continue to fire as long as the trigger is held back
Capabilities/Characteristics
• Length w/flash suppressor: 39in
• Length of barrel w/flash suppressor: 21in
• Weight: 7.8lbs
• Weight fully loaded (30 round ma): 8.79lbs
• Magazine capacity: 20/30 rounds
• Muzzle velocity: 3100/fps
• Max range: 3534m
• Max effective range: Point Target 550 and Area Target 800m
Rates of Fire
• Sustained: 12 to 15 rounds per minute
• Rapid: 150 to 200 rounds per minute
• Cyclic: 700 to 800 rounds per minute
Ammunition
• 5.56 Ball: Standard round
• 5.56 Tracer: Used to mark targets or cause incendiary effects
• 5.56 Blank: Training round
• 5.56 Dummy: Totally inert training
108.10 Discuss loading/unloading procedures for the following weapons:
M9 Service Pistol/M-16A3 Rifle [ref. b, ch. 3]
– Keep safety in “safe” position until ready to fire.
– Keep muzzle down range and clear of all troops
– Before loading, make sure bore, chamber, and ammunition are clean and dry.
– Hold the pistol at the raised pistol position, or place the rifle butt against the thigh
– Then, remove the magazine by pressing the magazine catch or release button.
– To make absolutely certain the chamber is empty, pull back the slide or bolt and
inspect the chamber and verify visually. If it is dark, feel to check. Opening the slide or
bolt will eject any round that may have been in the chamber.
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108 WEAPONS FUNDAMENTALS
108
(CONT’D)
108.11 Describe and discuss the six types of grenades: [ref. a, ch. 12; ref. d, ch. 13]
•
Fragmentation
– Grenades designed to inflict personnel casualties and damage to light equipment by
projecting high velocity fragments from the detonated grenade case
– The effective casualty-producing radius is about 15 meters
• Illumination
– Used to illuminate terrain in night time operations
– Once pin is pulled, GRENADE MUST BE THROWN!
– Grenades used mainly to light up the terrain.
– The MK 1 is the only illuminating grenade currently available.
– It provides about 55,000 candlepower for a period of 25 seconds.
• Chemical
– Used for incendiary, screening, signaling, training, and riot control purposes
– Grenades that are chemical filled munitions designed to be thrown by the individual or
projected from the service rifle using a special adapter.
– ABC-M25A2, riot control hand grenade is the most commonly used.
• Filled with a type of tear gas chemical that causes irritation and watering eyes.
• Incendiary
– AN-M14 incendiary Thermite grenade is used to ignite combustible materials and to
destroy all types of equipment.
– This TH grenade is cylindrical in shape and weighs 32 ounces.
– Contains filler of 26.5 ounces of Thermite mixture
– It uses an igniting delay fuse that sets fire to the Thermite
– The Thermite burns at a temperature of about 4,300 deg F
• Smoke
– Grenades that are cylindrical in shape and weigh about 27 ounces.
– They can be thrown about 40 yards with an effective casualty radius of nearly 30 yards
• Practice/training
– Used to train personnel in the care, handling, and use of grenades prior to using actual
service grenades.
– These grenades are used for training personnel in the care, handling, and use of hand
grenades before using service grenades.
– Practice grenades simulate the functioning of service grenades to provide realism in
training.
108.12 Discuss hand grenade safety procedures. [ref. a, ch. 12]
• All personnel handling casualty producing grenades must wear proper protection
• Never attempt to defuse hand grenades
• Do not remove the safety pin until ready to throw
• Do not attach grenades to clothing or equipment.
108.13 Discuss the characteristics and purpose of the Claymore mine. [ref. a, ch. 12]
• Placement
– This mine should be positioned so as to afford all friendly personnel, within 100 meters
to the rear and sides of the mine, the opportunity to take adequate cover.
• Arming
– After the M18A1 mine is positioned and properly aimed, it is armed by first opening the
blasting cap assembly and unrolling the wire from either the firing position or the mine.
– The wire is secured by wrapping a few turns of wire around a leg of the mine and
burying it, if possible.
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108 WEAPONS FUNDAMENTALS
•
•
•
108
(CONT’D)
Safety requirements
– Before attaching the firing device directly, the circuit should be checked for continuity
with the test set provided to ensure that the mine will function at the desired time
– The firing device has a safety bail with two positions
– In the upper (safe) position, it acts as a block between the firing handle and the
generator.
– In the lower (fire) position, it allows the generator to be activated.
– The instructions provided with the M7 bandoleer should be carefully followed by
anyone using these mines.
Range/Coverage
– When detonated, the M18A1 mine will project steel spheres over a 60 degree fan
shaped pattern approximately 6 feet high and 50 meters wide to an optimum effective
range of 50 meters
– These steel fragments re moderately effective up to a range of approximately 100
meters and can travel up to 250 meters
Method of firing
– M18A1 mine can be in either an uncontrolled or a controlled role. An uncontrolled
mine is essentially a booby-trap. This use by Seabees is not authorized. In a
controlled role, the operator detonates the mine as the enemy approaches within the
killing zone
– By using either an electrical or a non-electrical firing system, the operator can control
detonation.
– In almost all cases, mines employed by Seabees will be fired electrically with the M57
firing device.
The following items apply to the 7.62mm M240B machine gun:
108.14 Describe the characteristics of the machine gun. [ref. l ch.3]
• Air-cooled, Belt-fed, Gas-operated, Fully Automatic weapon, Fires from open bolt Position and
is Crew served
– Length................................49 inches
– Weight ...............................27.6 pounds
– Maximum range ................3,725 meters
108.15 Discuss loading/unloading procedures. [ref. ref. l ch.3]
• The M240B machine gun is loaded from the closed bolt position. The M240B is fired,
unloaded, and cleared from the open bolt position. The safety must be placed on “F” before
the bolt can be pulled to the rear. Before belted ammunition can be used, it must be linked with
the double link at the open end of the bandoleer. It must be free of dirt and corrosion.
• Loading – Two methods, raised cover and closed cover
– Raised cover method – preferred method
• Gunner ensure the bolt is to the rear and the safety lever is on safe (S)
• Gunner raises the cover
• Team leader places the first round of the bandoleer and places it over the feed
aperture
• Gunner then closes the cover and places the safety lever on fire (F)
• Weapon is now loaded and ready to fire
– Closed cover method – alternate method
• Gunner ensures bolt is forward safety lever is on fire (F) and the cover remains
closed
• Team leader takes a bandoleer of ammunition and inserts the first round into
the feedtray
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108 WEAPONS FUNDAMENTALS
•
•
•
108
(CONT’D)
The weapon is now loaded
Gunner pull bolt to the rear and slides cocking handle forward – The weapon is
now ready to fire
Unloading
– Gunner ensures bolt is to the rear and the safety is on safe (S)
– Gunner raises the cover
– Team leader removes the ammunition and links from the feedtray
– Gunner then raises the feedtray and visually inspects the receiver and chamber to
ensure no rounds remain
– Once the feedtray, receiver and chamber have been cleared of all ammunition and
links the weapon is considered to be unloaded
108.16 State the following capabilities/ nomenclature:
• Proper employment
– Analyze the operation order using METT-T SALUTE DRAW-D and KOCOA
– Consider the characteristics of the machine guns to be employed
– Consider employment of the machine guns in defense
– Consider employment of machine guns in the offense
– Direct the employment of the machine guns
• Final Protective Line (FPL)/Principal Direction of Fire (PDF)
– Assignment of a Final Protective Line (FPL)
• Position machine guns to the flanks to provide fire across the unit's front.
• Ensure the position provides interlocking grazing fires within an assigned sector
• Ensure that FPL dead space can be covered by alternate weapons (munitions,
M203 grenade launchers, mortars, claymore mines)
– Assignment of a Principal Direction of Fire (PDF)
• Ensure the position covers likely avenues of approach and obstacles
– Maximum effective range: 1,100 meters with tripod and T&E
• Area
• Tripod..................................................1,100 meters
• Bipod...................................................800 meters
• Point
• Tripod..................................................800 meters
• Bipod...................................................600 meters
• Suppression...............................................1,800 meters
– Safeties
• The safety mechanism is located on the pistol grip just behind the trigger well.
When the safety is pushed to the right, the letter “S” is visible indicating the
weapon is on safe. When pushed to the left, the letter “F” is visible on the safety
indicating the weapon is on fire. The safety can only be engaged when the bolt
is in the rear position. On the “S” position, the bolt cannot be released to go
forward.
– Ammunition types
• 7.62 mm ball
• 7.62 mm tracer
• 7.62 mm armor-piercing (not authorized for training)
• 7.62 mm blank
• 7.62 mm dummy
65
COMMON CORE
108 WEAPONS FUNDAMENTALS
–
–
108
(CONT’D)
Rates of fire
• Sustained ..............................100 rounds per minute fired in 6- to 9-round
bursts and 4 to 5 seconds between bursts (barrel change every 10 minutes)
• Rapid......................................200 rounds per minute fired in 10- to 13-round
bursts and 2 to 3 seconds between bursts (barrel change every 2 minutes)
• Cyclic ………………………….650 to 950 rounds per minute in continuous
bursts (barrel change every minute)
Types of mounts
• M122A1 Tripod: provides a stable mount for the M240B, and it permits a higher
degree of accuracy and control. The tripod is recommended for marksmanship
training and defensive employment. The M122A1 tripod consists of the tripod
and flex-mount with T&E mechanism. Weight of M122A1 tripod with/flex-mount
is 20 pounds.
• Bipod Assembly: used to fire from the prone position. The butt stock in
conjunction with the gunner’s non-firing hand provides support for the weapon
when firing in the bipod mode. The gas cylinder holds the bipod in place.
108.17 Name the members of a gun team and state what they are responsible for carrying into a
combat situation. [ref. a, p. 1-17]
• Team leader
– Usually a PO2, responsible for effective employment of the gun
– Responsible for changing the barrels during firing
– Carries spare barrel kit, M122 tripod, one bandoleer of ammo and armed with a 9mm
pistol
• Gunner
– Usually a PO3. Actually fires and maintains the gun
– Carries the gun, one bandoleer of ammo and armed with a 9mm pistol
• Ammo 1
– Usually a CN, acts as the supply person for the team
– Caries one box of ammo, spare barrel case with T&E. Armed with an M16
• Ammo 2
– Usually a CA
– Carries two boxes of ammo. Armed with an M16
The following items apply to the 40mm machine gun (MK 19):
108.18 Describe the characteristics of 40mm machine gun. [ref. j]
• Air-cooled
• Belt-fed
• Blow back operated
• Automatic weapon
• Fires from open bolt position
• Crew served
108.19 Discuss loading/unloading procedures. [ref. j]
• Keep the weapon down range
• Make sure the bolt is forward. If not take the weapon off safe and ease the charging handles
forward.
• Open the cover
• Insert the first round through the feed throat
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COMMON CORE
108 WEAPONS FUNDAMENTALS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
108
(CONT’D)
Insert the first round through the feed throat
Place the first round into the feeder. Female link first.
Push the round across the first pawl
Move the slide assembly to the left
Close the cover
Unlock and grasp the charging handles and charge weapon
Place weapon on safe
Open cover
Remove remaining rounds and inspect chamber
Once clear, close cover
Place weapon on fire and use charging handles to “ride” bolt forward or press trigger sending
the bolt forward.
108.20 State the following capabilities/nomenclature:
• Proper employment
– Conduct a leader's reconnaissance of the assigned area.
– Consider placing firing positions in areas where the mission can be accomplished.
– Look for mounted firing positions.
– Choose dismounted firing positions when the terrain prevents vehicles from moving
into position or if the vehicle cannot be concealed.
– Identify firing positions.
– Move vehicle into position
– Ensure that the machine guns are properly laid.
– Ensure that the firing positions are properly prepared and occupied
– Ensure that range cards are prepared for each position.
• FPL/PDF
– NOTE: The MK19 heavy machine gun does not fire an FPL.
– Assign a Principal Direction of Fire (PDF)
• Assign a PDF only when the terrain does not allow for effective FPL fires.
• Ensure the PDF covers the most likely avenues of approach.
• NOTES: The PDF may fall within the sector of fire or comprise one of its
boundaries.
– Location of machine guns must be changed daily/nightly or whenever needed.
• Arming range
– M383 HE round: 18 to 36 meters
– M918 TP round: 18 to 30 meters
• Maximum effective range
– (area target) – 2212 meters
– (point target) – 1500 meters
• Rate of fire – 325 to 375 rounds per minute
• Safety
– Thumb switch with “Safe” and “Fire” positions
• Ammunition types
– M383 HE: High explosive, designed to inflict personnel casualties. Arming distance of
18 to 36 meters. 15 meter casualty radius
– M430 HEDP: High explosive, dual purpose
– M385E4 / M385A1: Training Practice with propellant. Maximum range 2200 meters
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108 WEAPONS FUNDAMENTALS
108
(CONT’D)
The following items apply to the .50 caliber M2 HB machine gun:
108.21 Describe the characteristics of the .50 caliber M2 machine gun. [ref. k, ch I, sec II, p. 1-5]
• The .50-caliber machine gun is a belt-fed, crew-served, recoil-operated, air-cooled weapon.
• It can be set for automatic and semiautomatic fire.
• The weapon does not have any safeties.
108.22 Discuss loading / unloading procedures. . [ref. k, ch I, sec. II, p. 1-5]
Automatic mode
• Make sure gun is clear
• Close the bolt
• Close feed cover
• Lock down the bolt latch release
• Insert the ammo
• Cock the gun (the gun is now “half-cocked”)
• Re-cock the gun (now it is “fully-cocked”)
Single shot mode
• Make sure gun is clear
• Close the bolt
• Close feed cover
• Rotate bolt latch release lock in the up position to the right
• Insert the ammo
• Cock the gun (the gun is now “half-cocked”)
• Re-cock the gun (now it is “fully-cocked”)
• To fire another round you must push the bolt release allowing the bolt to go home
• Place the gun in single shot mode
• Pull slide handle to the rear and lock bolt rearward
• Open the feed cover
• Clear all remaining links or rounds
• Inspect chamber insuring it is clear
• Press the bolt latch release and ride the bolt forward
• Close the feed cover and pull the bolt to the rear
108.23 State the following capabilities / nomenclature
• Proper employment
– Conduct a leader's reconnaissance of the assigned area.
– Consider placing firing positions in areas where the mission can be accomplished.
– Look for mounted firing positions.
– Choose dismounted firing positions when the terrain prevents vehicles from moving
into position or if the vehicle cannot be concealed.
– Identify firing positions.
– Move vehicle into positions.
– Ensure that the machine guns are properly laid.
– Ensure that the firing positions are properly prepared and occupied. If you must use a
hide position, perform the following steps.
– Ensure that range cards are prepared for each position.
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COMMON CORE
108 WEAPONS FUNDAMENTALS
•
FPL/PDF
– FPF
•
•
•
108
(CONT’D)
Ensure that the FPL achieves the maximum flanking fire.
Ensure that the FPL obtains the maximum grazing fire. Grazing fire should
parallel the expected long axis of the enemy assault waves.
Ensure interlocking fires are used to cover any gaps in the FPL and to provide
mutual support between adjacent units.
Employ obstacles to slow down the enemy when reaching the FPL, if possible.
•
PDF
• Assign a PDF only when the terrain does not allow for effective FPL fires.
• Ensure the PDF covers the most likely avenues of approach
Maximum range – 6800 meters (M2 Ball)
Maximum effective range – 1800 meters
Direction of feed – Load so double end loop on ammo belt clicks into the feedway.
Rates of fire
– Sustained: 40 rounds (or less) per minute
– Rapid: 40 rounds (or more) per minute
– Cyclic: 450 – 550 rounds per minute
–
•
•
•
•
108.24 Discuss setting headspace and timing on the .50 caliber machine gun. [ref. k, ch. 2, sec III, p.
2-39]
 Headspace - Distance between the bolt face and the base of a seated cartridge (rnd).
 Correct when:
– Recoiling groups are fully forward
– No independent rearward movement between the bolt, barrel and barrel extension
– Must be checked and set before gun is fired,
– When barrel is replaced and
– When correct setting is in doubt
Headspace
– Headspace Gauge
– Tool used to check and set headspace
– Has “GO-NO GO” reading
Headspace Adjustment
– Insert the “GO” side of the gauge between the bolt and rear of the barrel (T-slot)
– The gauge should enter freely up to the center ring
– Remove the gauge and place the “NO-GO” side in the T-slot
– If the “NO-GO” side does not enter, the headspace is set correctly
Headspace Too Tight
– The “GO” side of the gauge cannot enter freely
– Pull back on the charging handle
– While holding it back, unscrew the barrel one notch (click)
– Ease the bolt forward
– Recheck the headspace with the gauge
Headspace Too Loose
– If it is too loose the “NO-GO” side of the gauge will enter freely
– To adjust it follow the same procedures as if it were to tight, but tighten the barrel
Timing
– Ensures that firing takes place when the recoiling parts are between .020 and .116 inch
out of the battery (fully forward).
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108 WEAPONS FUNDAMENTALS

108
(CONT’D)
Correct when:
– recoiling parts are locked together
– Firing takes place just before the recoiling parts are in the battery
– The gun fires on the “FIRE” gauge
– And WILL NOT on the “NO-FIRE” gauge
Timing Adjustment
– Checked with the “FIRE” (.020 in) and “NO-FIRE” (.116 in) gauges
– Must be checked and/or set each time headspace is adjusted and whenever timing is
Questionable
Timing Adjustment Steps
– Check headspace first
– Ensure gun is cocked and bolt forward
– Raise the extractor
– Retract the bolt far enough to insert the “FIRE” gauge
– Place it between the extension and the trunnion block
– Allow the barrel extension to close on the gauge
– Depress the trigger, the firing pin should release
– Retract the bolt far enough to remove the “FIRE” gauge, cocking the gun and allow the
bolt to go forward
– Retract the bolt far enough to insert the “NO-FIRE” gauge, place it in the same position
– Depress the trigger, the firing pin should not release
Timing Late
– The firing pin will not release when the “FIRE” gauge in in place. If this happens
perform the following:
– Remove “FIRE” gauge
– Remove backplate assembly
– Locate and turn the trigger bar adjusting nut one notch to the right
– Reinstall the backplate assembly
– Reinsert the “FIRE” gauge and test again
Timing Early
– The firing pin will release when the “NO-FIRE” gauge in in place. If this happens
perform the following:
– Perform the same steps as if it were late except turn the trigger bar adjusting nut on
notch to the left
The following items apply to the 40mm M203 grenade launcher:
108.25 Describe the characteristics of the 40mm M203 grenade launcher. [ref. i]
• Description
– Light weight
– Single shot
– Breech loaded
– Pump action
– Shoulder fired weapon
– Attaches to the M16 & M4 rifle
70
COMMON CORE
108 WEAPONS FUNDAMENTALS
108
(CONT’D)
108.26 State the following capabilities/nomenclature: [ref. i]
– Proper employment
• Place the weapon in condition 4
• Ensure that the M203 grenade launcher is assembled and functioning for firing.
• Select the correct ammunition.
• Place the weapon in condition 4.
• Use proper firing techniques.
• Field zero the M203 grenade launcher.
• Estimate range to target.
• Respond to fire commands.
• Engage targets effectively.
• Place the weapon in condition 4.
– Ammunition type [ref. a, p. 13-4]
• HE round
– Designed to inflict personnel casualties. 5 meter casualty radius with a
danger radius of 30 meters. Arms within 14 meters to 27 meters.
• HE air burst
– Lands on the deck and bounces up 2 meters to explode. Arms within 14
meter to 27 meters.
• HEDP
– High explosive can penetrate 2” of steel. 5 meter casualty radius
• TP
– Training rounds with flash signature. Danger radius of 20 meters.
– Maximum range [ref. a, p. 13-1] – 400 Meters
– Maximum effective range
• (area target) [ref. a, p. 13-1] – 350 Meters
• (point target) [ref. a, p. 13-1] – 150 Meters
The following items apply to the M500 12-gauge shotgun:
108.27 Describe the characteristics of the M500 12-gauge shotgun. [ref. h, p. R3-19]
• Manually operated
• Single shot
• Magazine feed (tubular)
• Pump action
• Shoulder fired weapon
108.28 Discuss loading/unloading procedures. [ref. h, p. R3-20]
• Single Load
• Ensure the weapon is on safe
• Press the action lock lever and slide barrel (fore-end) rearward
• Insert round into the barrel chamber
• Slide the barrel closed
• Weapon is now loaded
Magazine Load
• Ensure the weapon is on safe
• Slide barrel (fore-end) forward
• Insert round into the magazine
• Loading
– Weapon is now loaded without round in chamber
– Open and close barrel to chamber a round
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COMMON CORE
108 WEAPONS FUNDAMENTALS
•
108
(CONT’D)
Unloading
– Open barrel to eject round to unload
108.29 State the following capabilities/nomenclature: [ref. h, p. R3-20]
• Length: 39 inches
• Safeties: Safety switch on top
• Ammunition type: 12 ga, 2 - 2 3/4 in 00 buck, military round
108.30 Describe the use and purpose of the range card as it relates to each weapon
system. [ref. n, ch 4, ref i]
– Cards are the basis for the fire plan at the company level. Each crew served weapon
will have one.
– All supporting fires, security sectors and defensive coordination are planned using the
machine gun’s fire as the base from which to build.
– Two cards are prepared, one for the gun and the other goes to higher HQ.
– Cards should be passed on to relieving units.
– Patrols can use your card to locate FPL’s and identify dead space.
– Cards must be neat and prepared using a universal format.
Gun Identification Block
– Identifies what gun the card belongs to and the date it was drawn.
Gun #1
Squad #3
"A" Co
5-Apr-99
Weapon Symbol
– Single dot for the gun and a solid arrow extending out along the FPL or PDF.
Magnetic Orientation Line and Location Grid Coordinates
– A means for others to positively locate your gun position. The line is drawn from a
prominent terrain feature that is located behind friendly lines. The grid coordinates are
recorded next to the dot in the machine gun symbol.
Sector Limits
– Drawn as broken lines ending in arrow heads. If using an FPL only one sector limit will
be drawn because one will be the same as the FPL.
Grazing Fires
– If an FPL is used, a heavy shaded area is drawn along the inside of the FPL. This will
indicate the limits of grazing fire obtainable. Any dead space is shown by breaks in the
shading. Record the near and far limits of the dead space in meters or record the
range next to the ends of the shaded areas.
Terrain Features
– Draw only those terrain features that significantly add to the clarity of the range card. If
the feature is drawn, draw it to the correct perspective.
Location of Friendly Troops or Equipment
– Draw any friendly positions or equipment that is either in or near the sector limits of the
machine gun.
Targets
– Draw targets to perspective and label them with a number.
– The number one target will be either the FPL or the left sector limit.
– If the FPL is on the right sector limit, number all other targets sequentially right to left
– All other times number from left to right.
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COMMON CORE
108 WEAPONS FUNDAMENTALS
–
–
108
(CONT’D)
One method is to record data directly on the sketch along the leading line to the target.
The other method is to use the data block of the card.
108.31 Discuss the integration of the weapons systems into an overall defensive fire plan
[ref. n, ch 4, ref i]
• Automatic Rifleman
– M16 rifle, backbone of the defense of the squad. Positioned first by the squad leader.
The remainder of the fire team is positioned around the AR.
• Rifleman
– M16 rifle, positioned so they can cover the entire fire team sector. The position must
provide support and protection for the AR
• Grenadier
– M203 grenade launcher, positioned to cover dead space in the defense
• M240B
– Support the rifleman in the offense and defense. Provide heavy volumes of controlled
fire. Provide FPF’s. Cover likely avenues of approach. Provide grazing fire.
• M2 .50 Cal Machine Gun
– Provide protection for motorized movement. Destroy lightly armored vehicles. Defend
against low-flying hostile aircraft
• MK19 40mm Grenade Launcher
– Used to provide direct and indirect firing. Role is similar to the M60E3 and M2.
• AT-4
– Used against armored personnel carriers. Can be used to disable a battle tank
(mobility kill) if struck properly.
108.32 Discuss the use and purpose of the following Night Observation Devices (NOD): [ref. c]
• AN/PVS-7C
• Hand held or head mounted night vision system that enables walking, driving, weapon
firing, short range surveillance, map reading and vehicle maintenance in both
moonlight and starlight.
• Range - min 9.8”
• AN/PVS-12A (M240B, M16, M60, M14)
• The AN/PVS-12A, Night Vision Individual Weapon Sight System provides the infantry
and support weapons with high performance observation, target acquisition and aiming
capabilities during night operations. The Sight is capable of focusing on targets from 82
feet to infinity. The AN/PVS-12A is submersible, which permits the transportation of
the AN/PVS-12A unprotected in two (2) atmospheres (66 feet) of seawater. The Sight
is a high performance night vision system for nighttime target acquisition. The Sight
uses a GEN III, 18 mm image intensifier tube configured in accordance with MIL-I49428. Mounting hardware, which can easily be changed to other type mounts, are
provided for attachment to the M16 and M14 Rifles.
• AN/PVS-20 (MK19, M2)
• The AN/PVS-20, Night Vision Individual Weapon Sight System provides the infantry
and support weapons with high performance observation, target acquisition and aiming
capabilities during night operations. The Sight is capable of focusing on targets from 82
feet to infinity. The AN/PVS-20 can be used on the M2 .5 Cal. Machine Gun, and Mk38
Mod 0 25mm Machine Gun System. Mounting brackets and reticule cells are available
for each type of weapon. The Sight may also be used as a tripod mounted observation
device.
73
COMMON CORE
108 WEAPONS FUNDAMENTALS
108
(CONT’D)
108.33 Explain the various class of fire: [ref. e, pp. 3-30 thru 3-31]
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Grazing
– Not less than 1m above and no higher than 68” above the ground. Can exist for 700m over
level or evenly sloping ground
Plunging
– Fire that strikes the ground from above at a considerable level. Beaten zone is considered the
danger space.
Overhead
– Fire delivered over the heads of troops. Usually plunging fire overhead.
Fixed
– For targets requiring only one aiming point. Continuous as long as target remains in the zone of
fire
Traversing
– Distributed in width by changing the horizontal direction of the gun. Firing a burst each time the
gun changes direction
Searching
– Distributed in depth by changing the elevation of the gun. Used against deep targets, firing a
burst each time elevation changes
Combined searching and traversing
– Distributed in width & depth by changing the elevation direction of the gun.
Swinging traverse
– Delivered against targets to wide to cover the traversing hand wheel. Also used on targets
moving so rapidly across the gunner’s front they cannot maintain effective fire using the
traversing hand wheel . Cannot be fired from bipod or vehicles.
Free
– Delivered from the tripod mount against targets requiring rapid and major changes in direction
and elevation. Can also be used from a vehicle mount when the target cannot be covered
adequately by aiming points. Cannot be fired from bipod mount.
74
COMMON CORE
109 GENERAL MILITARY TACTICS FUNDAMENTALS
References:
[a] NAVEDTRA 14234, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1
[b] NAVEDTRA 14235, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 2
[c] Blue Jackets’ Manual, 23rd Edition
[d] Convoy Operations Hand Book MCRP 4-11.3F
[e] Construction Battalion Battle Skills Guide, Book 1
[f] Construction Battalion Battle Skills Guide, Book 2
[g] Construction Battalion Battle Skills Guide, Book 3
[h] Naval Warfare Publication 3-07
[i] JP-1 Doctrine for the Armed Forces U.S. (May 2007) ch.1
109.1 Describe the key components of a standard battle load. [ref. a, ch. 2]
• Fighting Load Carrying Equipment- items used to make carrying a full load more
comfortable.
• Bivouac Equipment- minimum necessities for field living
• Protective Equipment- provides personal protection from injury.
• Special Issue Equipment- “extra” comforts
• Fighting Load Carrying Equipment
• Pistol belt
• Suspenders
• Field pack
• Two ammo pouches
• Canteen cover
• Entrenching tool (E-Tool) cover
• Bayonet or K-bar scabbard
• First Aid kit
• Bivouac Equipment
• Canteen and cup
• First Aid packet
• E-tool
• Bayonet or K-bar
• Mess kit
• Poncho & liner
• Shelter half
• Protective Equipment
• Hat and mosquito net
• Helmet and liner
• Camouflage cover
• JLIST Suit
• Special Issue Equipment
• Items that are not essential for a combat load, but add extra protection or comfort.
• Flak jacket
• Sleeping bag
• Sleeping mat
• Cot w/insect bar frame
• Insect bar
75
109
COMMON CORE
109 GENERAL MILITARY TACTICS FUNDAMENTALS
109
(CONT’D)
109.2 Describe the construction and the elements of the following dug-in emplacements: [ref. a, ch. 7]
• Skirmisher’s
• Hasty Position or Skirmisher’s Trench
– Shallow pit that provides limited protection while firing from the prone position.
– Made quickly by scraping soil to build a shallow ridge, or parapet, between the rifleman
and the enemy.
– Trench is body-length
• Improved One-Person Fighting Position
– Made as small as possible to present smallest target to the enemy.
– Constructed with a water sump, firing step, grenade sump and parapet
– Built as wide as the occupant’s shoulders, and as tall as the occupant standing on the
firing step
– Provides protection from tanks passing over
• Two-Person Fighting Position
– Essentially two, one-person positions.
– Close proximity to buddy provides security.
– Allows one to rest while other is alert.
– Since the position is longer than a one-person position, it provides less protection from
tanks, bombing, strafing and shelling.
109.3 Explain the characteristics of the following: [ref. a, ch, 7]
• Camouflage - General Rules:
– Camouflage by altering the form, shadow, texture, and color of objects.
– Camouflage against both ground and air observation.
– Field uniforms and equipment are colored to blend with terrain. Faded or shiny items
need to be surveyed or darkened with paint.
– When no paint is available, use mud, charcoal, or crushed grass.
– Alter the outline of your helmet with a cloth cover or foliage.
– Loam & light green - for light skin personnel in other than snow regions.
– Sand & dark green - for dark skinned personnel in other than snow regions.
– Loam & white - for all personnel in snow regions
• Cover
– Protection from enemy fire
– A hill is natural cover.
– A parapet is artificial cover.
• Concealment
– Protection from observation
– Bushes, grass, and shadows are natural concealment.
– Burlap, tents, or nets are artificial concealment
109.4 State what action should be taken if you are caught in the light of a ground flare and overhead
flare? [ref. a, ch. 4]
• Overhead Flare
– When an overhead flare goes off, immediately seek cover as low as possible and do
not move until the light burns out.
• Ground Flare
– Move quickly and quietly out of the light.
– Always cover one eye to help protect your night vision.
76
COMMON CORE
109 GENERAL MILITARY TACTICS FUNDAMENTALS
109
(CONT’D)
109.5 State the eleven general orders of a sentry. [ref. c, ch. 7]
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
1. Take charge of this post and all government property in view.
2. Walk my post in a military manner, keeping always on the alert and observing everything
that takes place within sight or hearing.
3. Report all violations of orders I am instructed to enforce.
4. To repeat all calls [from posts]more distant from the guardhouse than my own.
5. Quit my post only when properly relieved.
6. To receive, obey, and pass on to the sentry who relieves me, all orders from the
Commanding Officer, Officer of the Day, Officers, and Non-Commissioned Officers of the
guard only.
7. Talk to no one except in the line of duty.
8. Give the alarm in case of fire or disorder.
9. To call the Corporal of the Guard in any case not covered by instructions.
10. Salute all officers and all colors and standards not cased.
11. Be especially watchful at night and during the time for challenging, to challenge all persons
on or near my post, and to allow no one to pass without proper authority
109.6 Discuss the military aspects of terrain as it applies to a defensive force using the acronym
KOCOA. [ref. b, ch. 5]
• Terrain dictates troop movement, location of the defense and placement of weapons.
• Use the acronym KOCOA to remember aspects.
– K- key terrain features
– O- observation and fields of fire
– C- cover and concealment
– O- obstacles
– A- avenues of approach
109.7 Discuss the use and care of the following [ref. a, ch. 5]
• Topographic
– This map portrays terrain and landforms in a measurable form as well as the horizontal
positions of the features represented. The vertical positions, or relief, are normally
represented by contours. On relief maps, the elevations and contours are measure
from a specified vertical datum plane, usually mean sea level.
– Lensatic Compass- Defining an Azimuth
– Compasses are used to describe direction.
– The most common military method of describing direction is through azimuths
– An azimuth is a horizontal angle, measured in a clockwise manner from a north base
line.
• Azimuth
– Azimuths are described in terms of degrees or mils.
– One circle has 360 degrees or 6400 mils.
• Night Method
– Compass features for night use:
– Luminous markings
– Bezel ring- three degrees or 53 1/3 mils per click
• Using the bezel ring
• Set the azimuth before it gets dark
• Turning the ring to the left increases the azimuth
• Right decreases the azimuth.
77
COMMON CORE
109 GENERAL MILITARY TACTICS FUNDAMENTALS
109
(CONT’D)
109.8 State the five basic colors used and how they are applied to a military map. [ref. a, ch. 5]
–
–
–
–
–
–
Black: man-made features and cultural areas.
Blue: water features such as lakes and rivers.
Green: vegetation.
Brown: all relief features such as contour lines.
Red: main roads, built up areas and special features, enemy positions..
Reddish Brown: Used on red light readable maps to show red features.
109.9 Describe the Military Grid System: [ref. a, ch. 5]
• Provides a uniform system for referencing and making measurements.
• Grids are two sets of equally spaced, parallel, straight lines intersecting at right angles,
forming a series of squares.
• Each grid line is a unit of measure, permits linear and angular measurement.
• Grid is drawn over a geographic projection
• Reading a Grid Square
• Each grid line is labeled on the edge by two digit numbers called Principle Digits.
• A grid square is identified by the two sets of principle digits that compose the square.
• The rule for reading grids is read right first and then up.
109.10 Explain resection and intersection. [ref. a, ch. 5]
•
•
Intersection
– Locating an unknown point by successively occupying at least two but preferably three
known positions and sighting on the unknown point is called intersection. It is used to
locate features on a map that are not defined or readily identifiable
Resection
– Is locating the users unknown position by sighting two or three known positions. It can
be done with or without a compass.
109.11 State the twelve patrol planning and preparation steps: [ref. a, ch. 4]
•
Patrol leader uses 12 steps to plan a patrol.
– Study the mission.
– Plan use of time.
– Study the terrain and situation.
– Organize the patrol.
– Select personnel, weapons, and equipment.
– Issue the warning order.
– Coordinate.
– Make reconnaissance.
– Complete detailed plans.
– Issue patrol order.
– Supervise, inspect, rehearse, and reinspect.
– Execute the mission.
78
COMMON CORE
109
109 GENERAL MILITARY TACTICS FUNDAMENTALS (CONT’D)
109.12 Utilizing the acronym BAMCIS, describe the planning process for issuing a five-paragraph
order. [ref. f, Task 2-3]
•
•
–
–
–
–
Begin Planning
– Issue the Patrol Warning Order
Arrange for reconnaissance and coordination.
– Acquire the necessary map and aerial photos, f possible
– Coordinate with other units in the local area. Inform them of you patrol size, route, time
of departure and return, challenge and password, call-signs and frequencies
– Request information on known or suspected enemy activity, friendly positions and
activity, signals for firing the Final Protective Fire (FPF),
– other local unit’s call signs and frequencies, and their passwords.
– Request ammunition, water, rations, and special equipment.
– Coordinate method for casualty evacuations.
– Collect intelligence about the enemy.
Make the reconnaissance.
– Study the terrain on the map and the aerial photographs and identify:
– Terrain features that aid or hinder navigation.
– Danger areas and obstacles.
– Tentative check points and rally points.
Complete the plan.
– Assign each fire team and individual a specific duty.
– Ensure you’ve identified at least one navigator, and two pace counters.
– Finalize the route selection.
– Make frequent changes to the route if the patrol is to be conducted daily or
periodically.
– Finalize the procedures for patrol formation and order of movement, departure and reentry of friendly lines, and actions at checkpoints, rally points, danger areas, and
enemy contact.
– Ensure arms and ammunition have been obtained.
– Ensure patrol members have the required uniform and equipment.
– Determine the procedures for handling EPWs.
– Determine type of signals to be used.
– Determine your position as the patrol leader and the position of the assistant patrol
leader within the patrol
Issue the patrol order.
Supervise the preparations.
– Check with team leaders to ensure tasks are being accomplished as directed.
– Conduct initial and final inspections.
– Conduct rehearsals.
79
COMMON CORE
109 GENERAL MILITARY TACTICS FUNDAMENTALS (CONT’D)
109.13 Discuss the five-paragraph order. [ref. a, ch. 11]
•
•
•
Succinct way of stating concept of operations and orders to subordinates
Remember the acronym SMEAC:
S- Situation
M- Mission
E- Execution
A- Administration and Logistics
C- Command and Signal
Situation: divided into three sections:
– Enemy Forces
• Size, location, capabilities, and recent activity.
– Friendly Forces
• Mission of higher, supporting and adjacent units.
• Identify who is providing security.
80
109
COMMON CORE
109
109 GENERAL MILITARY TACTICS FUNDAMENTALS (CONT’D)
Attachments
• Types and size of attachments.
• Time they attached.
Mission
– States mission in clear and concise statements.
– Mission is unit specific- what we are to accomplish
Execution
– Assigns definite tasks to each element of the command, organic or attached, that
contributes to carrying out the whole mission.
– No restrictions are set on the number of paragraphs, although information is typically
divided into three areas:
• Concept of operations
• Tasks
• Coordinating instructions
– Concept of operations- brief summary of the tactical plan the unit is to execute.
– Tasks, or missions, for each unit, to include the reserve if applicable
– If this is a squad leader’s SMEAC, each fire team would be tasked in this section.
– Coordinating instructions
• Actions upon contact, MOPP level, route, etc.
Administration and Logistics
– Addresses all administrative, supply, or transportation concerns.
• Beans- distribution of food.
• Bullets- quantity of ammo and resupply info.
• Band-aids- location of corpsmen, med-evac plan.
• Bad guys- POW handling instructions
Command and Signal
– Chain of command and communications information given in two parts:
– Communications instructions- typically an annex of standard reports, but also includes
passwords and countersigns, radio call signals, frequencies, etc.
– Chain of command- gives precedence of command and location of command posts.
–
•
•
•
•
109.14 Define and discuss the following reports: [ref. b, ch. 2]
• SALUTE (Initial report)
– Initial report of enemy activity.
– Used when enemy is spotted but not engaged or when a fire fight first breaks out.
• S - Size of the enemy unit.
• A - Activity of the enemy
• L - Location of the enemy unit.
• U - Uniform worn by the enemy.
• T - Time of each activity noted.
• E - Equipment used or carried by the enemy.
• SPOT
– Detailed report of an enemy engagement.
– Always follow a SALUTE up with a SPOT report after engagement has ended.
• Report includes:
• Friendly and enemy KIA or WIA.
• POWs and enemy equipment captured.
• Follow format issued in the operation annex.
81
COMMON CORE
109
109 GENERAL MILITARY TACTICS FUNDAMENTALS (CONT’D)
109.15 Describe the purpose of the following: [ref. a, ch. 4]
• Security Patrols
– Provide physical security.
• Reconnaissance Patrols
– Defensive technique used to:
• Detect enemy movement toward the unit’s position.
• Locate or observe an enemy position.
• Discover enemy avenues of approach
109.16 Discuss the acronym SAFE as it applies to establishing a defense. [ref. g, p. 3-17]
• Commander’s Intent dictates the priorities.
– Considers four defensive principles of war:
• Surprise
• Security
• Unity of Command
• Mass
– Applies these to the unit’s mission and situation to develop priorities. In general,
priorities follow the acronym SAFE
– S- Security
– A- Place automatic and crew-served weapons
– F- Clear fields of fire
– E - Emplacements, dig fighting positions
109.17 What are the three echelons of a defense? [ref. b, ch. 4, p. 4-1 thru 4-2]
• Forward Defense Area (FDA)
• Area where frontline defensive positions are dug.
• Security Area
• Area in front of FDA.
• Security patrols roam this area.
• Listening/observation posts are placed here.
• Reserve Area
• Area behind FDA that reserve forces occupy
109.18 Define and discuss the following.
• (Indirect)
• Request for indirect fire, as in mortars or artillery support, is termed “Call for Fire.”
– Observer requesting support calls into FDC, Fire Direction Control.
– FDC plots the request on a firing board and transposes the information into firing data
• There are six elements of a call for fire:
– Alert
– Direction
– Description
– Range
– Assignment
– Control
• Assigning Direct Fire
o Fire Commands
o Instructions used to direct and control the fire of a squad.
o Used when a squad leader decides to fire on a target.
82
COMMON CORE
109
109 GENERAL MILITARY TACTICS FUNDAMENTALS (CONT’D)
•
Close Air Support
– The overt presence of aircraft will often prevent an attack or cause the enemy to break
contact. Effective employment of close air support (CAS) normally requires a joint
terminal attack controller (JTAC) to ensure proper coordination with the ground force.
In some cases a convoy will not have a dedicated JTAC.
109-19 Discuss the elements of a fire plan. [ref b., ch. 2, p. 2-3, ch. 4, pp 4-2 thru 4-14]
• Fire plan sketch has three combat positions:
• Primary Firing Position
– Backbone of the defense, receives the full force of the enemy’s attack
• Alternate Firing Position
– Fall back position used if the primary position is in danger of being over run.
– Should have same sector of fire as the primary.
• Supplementary Firing Position
– Sector of fire covers the flank or rear.
109.20 Discuss sectors of fire and fire discipline. [ref. b, ch. 4]
• The ability to efficiently apply fire on a target.
• Dependent on the ability of the leader and the discipline and control of the crew. Includes:
• The ability to select and designate targets
• Preserve element of surprise by opening fire at the desired moment only.
• Regulate the rate of fire.
• Shift from one target to another.
• Adjust and cease fire.
• Sector of Fire
• Two stakes are placed near the firing position to indicate lateral limits during
darkness.
• Sectors of fire interlock to ensure mutual support by adjacent units.
109.21 State the 6 articles of the code of conduct [ref. c, ch. 4]
• Article I: I am an American, fighting in the forces which guard my country and our way of life.
I am prepared to give my life in their defense.
• Article II: I will never surrender of my own free will. If in command, I will never surrender the
members of my command while they still have the means to resist
• Article III: If I am captured, I will continue to resist by all means available. I will make every
effort to escape and aid others to escape.
• Article IV: If I become a Prisoner of war, I will keep faith with my fellow prisoners. I will give
no information or take part in any action which might be harmful to my comrades. If I am
senior, I will take command. If not, I will obey the lawful orders of those appointed over me and
will back them up in every way.
• Article V: When questioned, should I become a prisoner of war, I am required to give my
name, rank, service number, and date of birth. I will evade answering further question to the
utmost of my ability. I will make no oral or written statements disloyal to my country and its
Allies or harmful to their cause.
• Article VI: I will never forget that I am an American, fighting for freedom, responsible for my
actions, and dedicated to the principles which made my country free. I will trust in my God and
in the United States of America.
83
COMMON CORE
109
109 GENERAL MILITARY TACTICS FUNDAMENTALS (CONT’D)
109.22 Describe the procedures for handling detainees/Enemy Prisoner of War (EPW). [ref. a, ch. 1,
pp. 1-21 thru 1-25; ref. e, p. 1-147 thru 1-154]
• Potentially a valuable source of information
• Remember the 6 S’s in handling EPWs
• Search: for weapons and documents.
• Secure: ensure escape is impossible
• Silence: do not allow EPWs to talk to each other.
• Segregate: into groups by rank, gender, and status (deserter, civilian, EPW,
etc.).
• Speed: timely delivery of information obtained from EPWs is essential.
• Safeguard: Prisoners against harm from other prisoners, enemy and friendly
troops
109.23 Describe force protection conditions and threat levels. [ref. h, ch. 3, p. 3-42]
• 1. FPCON NORMAL applies when a general global threat of possible terrorist activity exists
and warrants a routine security posture.
• 2. FPCON ALPHA applies when there is an increased general threat of possible terrorist
activity against personnel or facilities, the nature and extent of which are unpredictable. Alpha
measures must be capable of being maintained indefinitely.
• 3. FPCON BRAVO applies when an increased or more predictable threat of terrorist activity
exists. Sustaining Bravo measures for a prolonged period may affect operational capability
and relations with local authorities.
• 4. FPCON CHARLIE applies when an incident occurs or intelligence is received indicating
some form of terrorist action or targeting against personnel or facilities is likely. Prolonged
implementation of Charlie measures may create hardship and affect the activities of the unit
and its personnel.
• 5. FPCON DELTA applies in the immediate area where a terrorist attack has occurred or
when intelligence is received that terrorist action against a specific location or person is
imminent. Normally, this FPCON is declared as a localized condition. FPCON Delta measures
are not intended to be sustained for substantial periods.
• Terrorist threat level assessments are not used to indicate when a terrorist attack will occur,
nor are they used to specify a Force Protection Condition (FPCON). DOD threat level
assessment factors are described in the following paragraphs:
• 1. Operational Capability. The acquired, assessed or demonstrated level of capability
to conduct terrorist attacks.
• 2. Intentions. Actions indicative of preparations for specific terrorist operations.
• 3. Activity. Recently demonstrated anti-U.S. activity or stated or assessed intent to
conduct such activity.
• 4. Operating Environment. The circumstances of the country under consideration.
• Terrorist threat levels are set based on the analysis of a combination of the above threat
assessment factors. The four levels, ranging from least to most are:
• 1. Low. No terrorist group is detected or the group activity is nonthreatening.
• 2. Moderate. Terrorist groups are present but there is no indication of anti-U.S. activity.
The operating environment favors the host nation / United States.
• 3. Significant. An anti-U.S. terrorist group is operationally active and their preferred
method of operation is to attack personnel; or the terrorist group’s preferred method of
operation is to execute large casualty producing attacks but has limited operational
activity. The operating environment is neutral.
• 4. High. An anti-U.S. terrorist group is operationally active and uses large casualty
producing attacks as their preferred method of operation. There is a substantial DOD
presence and the operating environment favors the terrorist.
84
COMMON CORE
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109 GENERAL MILITARY TACTICS FUNDAMENTALS (CONT’D)
109.24 Discuss employment of rules of engagement. [ref. h, ch. 1, p. 1-6]
• Rules of engagement are established by Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Instruction
3121.01A, Standing Rules of Engagement for US Forces, and modified as required for
dissemination in specific OPLANS.
– These rules do not limit a commander’s inherent authority and obligation to use
all necessary means available and to take all appropriate actions in self-defense
of the commander’s unit and other US forces in the vicinity.
109.25 Describe the circumstances when deadly force would normally be authorized. [ref. h, ch. 3, p.
3-19]
109.26 Describe the three classes of wire entanglement, and how they are used. [ref. a, ch. 8]
• Tactical Wire
– Used to hamper enemy aggression.
– Placed along the front of the defensive line.
• Protective Wire
– Prevents close surprise attacks.
– Placed around each fighting position at hand grenade range (131-328 feet).
• Supplementary Wire
– Placed to conceal the exact line of the tactical wire.
109.27 State the purpose of the following. [ref. a, ch. 8]
• Triple-Strand Concertina
– Consists of two lines of concertina serving as the base, with a third resting on top.
– On average, a platoon can place a 984 foot section in an hour.
– Difficult to cross, cut or crawl through.
• Double Apron Fence
– Two types:
• 4 and 2 pace fence, which is more common and more effective, and 6 and 3
pace fence.
• A 984 foot section usually requires 1½ hours for a platoon to complete.
• Low Wire Entaglement
– A 4 and 2 pace double apron fence constructed with medium pickets instead of long
pickets in the fence center line.
– Used when concealment of the barrier is essential.
• Tangle Foot
– Used where concealment is essential.
– Prevents enemy from crawling between fences and in front of emplacements.
– Height should vary from 6 - 15 inches.
– Must control the growth of the grass to prevent enemy from secretly cutting lanes in or
tunneling under.
85
COMMON CORE
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109 GENERAL MILITARY TACTICS FUNDAMENTALS (CONT’D)
109.28 Discuss the following actions when isolated in an enemy area: [ref. a, ch. 6]
• Evasion
– Know the enemy’s location!
– Look for signs of group movement, such as crushed grass, cigarette butts, footprints,
broken branches, etc.
– Look for workers in a field, indicates no immediate threat
– Absence of children in a village, indicative of pending action.
– Absence of young men in a village may mean the village is under enemy control.
– Be patient, cautious, and avoid overconfidence.
– Conserve strength by avoiding exhaustion.
– Retain items of identification such as dog tags. If captured without them, you may be
treated as a spy.
– Use firearms only in an emergency.
– Avoid people as long as possible.
– When you approach friendly lines, make sure you identify yourself as friendly.
• S - Size up the situation
• U - Undue haste makes waste
• R - Remember where you are
• V - Vanquish fear and panic
• I - Improvise
• V - Value living
• A - Act like the natives
• L - Learn the basics skills
• Evasion
– If you are captured, try and escape as soon as possible. Your physical condition will
be at its best.
– Fall back on the Code of Conduct.
109.29 Discuss the following fire team formations. [ref. a, ch. 4]
• Column
– Used when speed and control are governing factors.
– Favorable for fire and maneuver to either flank.
– Vulnerable to fire from the front because its own fire in that direction is limited.
• Wedge
– Used when the enemy contact is possible, but not certain.
– Provides all around protection, flexibility and is easy to control.
• Skirmisher’s Right or Left
– Used when assaulting a known enemy position.
– Because the fire teams are in line, it provides maximum fire power to the front.
– Hard formation to control.
• Echelon Right or Left
– Used primarily to protect an exposed flank.
– Permits heavy firepower to the front and the direction of the echelon.
– Hard formation to control and slow moving.
86
COMMON CORE
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109 GENERAL MILITARY TACTICS FUNDAMENTALS (CONT’D)
109.30 Describe immediate actions for enemy contact during the following.
• Training is the best defense.
– Continually train on immediate action drills to ensure prompt response.
– Enemy is expecting to create chaos with an ambush.
– Taking immediate action will surprise the enemy and giving the unit a better chance at
survival.
– Intelligence reports can help predict an ambush.
• Immediate Action
– Near Ambush: Return fire and assault through.
• Withdrawal from a near ambush is unlikely, so it is critical to return fire
immediately and drive through.
• Enemy may not expect a quick and decisive response.
• Far Ambush: Take cover and withdraw orderly.
– Immediately drop and return fire.
– Unit commander organizes withdrawal with constant cover fire.
• Immediate Action
– Convoys caught in an ambush:
• Passengers return fire immediately.
• Driver does not stop in the kill zone but drives through.
• Once clear of the killing zone, vehicle halts and occupants dismount to take
offensive action.
• Vehicles in the rear approaching kill zone halt, debark, and take immediate
action.
• If a vehicle is disabled in the kill zone:
• Passengers in HARDENED vehicles return fire from inside the
protective vehicle.
• Passengers in SOFT vehicles immediately dismount, take cover, and
return fire.
– If no cover is available, unit commander leads them in an immediate frontal assault.
• Convoy Ambush
– When a vehicle is forced to halt in the killing zone of an ambush, the debarkation of
occupants must be organized and predrilled. On order or signal, the response must be
immediate and each person must act swiftly to move to the proper position. Confusion
is thus overcome and immediate offensive action against the enemy is more likely to
be effective.
– Surprise attack from a concealed position upon a moving or temporarily halted target.
– Success of an ambush is contingent upon:
• Early warning of target approach.
• Holding fire until target is in the kill zone.
• Open fire at proper time.
• Lifting or shifting supporting fires.
• Initiation of the correct actions if the ambush is compromised.
• Timely and orderly withdrawal from ambush site
87
COMMON CORE
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109 GENERAL MILITARY TACTICS FUNDAMENTALS (CONT’D)
109.31 Discuss challenge and password. [ref. a, ch. 11]
• Challenge and Password
– Sentry’s duties
• As someone approaches, sentry calls, “Halt! Who goes there?”
• Reply with name and company: “CE1 Sparks, B Co.”
• Sentry: “Advance and be recognized.”
• Sentry keeps person distant enough to effectively cover him, but close enough to recognize
him.
• Person passes if recognized.
• If not recognized, sentry offers countersigns.
• Always disguise countersigns in a sentence and speak in a low voice.
Example: snowflake and rooster
– Sentry: “I haven’t seen a snowflake since I was at my red house last year.”
– Reply: “I passed a cow and rooster loose back there.”
– Person has been successfully challenged and would be allowed to pass.
109.32 Describe the procedures to establish a LZ. [ref. b, ch. 3]
• A helicopter landing zone (LZ) is a specified ground for landing helicopters to embark or
disembark troops or cargo. A landing zone is designated by a code name. It may include one
or more landing sites.
• When planning the preparation of an LZ, you should take several factors into consideration.
First, you should know what type of helicopters will be using the landing zone
• The Combat Operation Center (COC) can provide this type of information. Second, you must
consider the Seabee unit’s position in relation to the enemy. Security troops must establish a
360-degree perimeter around the landing zone to defend the LZ. A third factor is the time it will
take to prepare the landing zone. And a fourth factor considered is the equipment needed to
prepare the LZ.
• The ground approaches to the LZ and exits from the LZ must be free of major obstacles that
might obstruct landing or takeoffs, such as tall trees, telephone poles, or power lines.
Approaches and exits should also be clear of obstructions that are 10 meters or higher,
extending at least 50 meters in the direction of approach and exit paths. The rule of thumb for
determining the distance required between the landing point and a high obstruction is a 10:1
ratio.
• A helicopter landing or taking off near a 30-foot tree needs at least 300 feet of horizontal
clearance
109.33 What information is contained in a nine-line medical evacuation request? [ref. d, app. b]
• Line 1: 6-digit UTM grid location of pick-up site.
• Line 2: Radio frequency, call sign and suffix of requesting personnel.
• Line 3: Number of patients by precedence:
– A = Urgent—Loss of life or limb within 2 hours.
– B = Urgent—Surgical.
– C = Priority—Loss of life or limb with 4 hours.
– D = Routine—Evacuation within 24 hours.
– E = Convenience
• Line 4: Special equipment required. As applicable, express either none, hoist, or stokes litter
(basket).
– A = None.
– B = Hoist.
– C = Extraction Equipment.
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109 GENERAL MILITARY TACTICS FUNDAMENTALS (CONT’D)
– D = Ventilator.
• Line 5: # of patients by type. (Litter/Ambulatory)
• Line 6: Security of pick-up site. (What possible/known threat is in the area?)
• Line 7: Method of marking pick-up site. (Near/Far Recognition Devices)
• Line 7: Method of marking pick-up site. (Near/Far Recognition Devices)
• A = Panel.
• B = Pyro.
• C = Smoke.
• D = None.
• E = Other.
• Line 8: Patient nationality and status (Coalition Military, US Contractor, Non-US
• Contractor, Enemy Prisoner of War)
• A = US Military.
• B = US Civilian.
• C = Non-US Military.
• D = EPW.
• Line 9: NBC Contamination.
• N = Nuclear.
• B = Biological.
• C = Chemical.
REMEMBER 5 TO FLY, IS ALL THAT IS REQUIRED TO GET BIRD IN THE AIR
109.34 Discuss the purpose of combat hand and arm signals in the field. [ref. a, ch. 11]
• Arm and hand signals are used to transmit commands or information when voice
communication is difficult, impossible, or when silence must be maintained. It is imperative that
squad members understand the signals. These should be practiced as part of the patrols
rehearsal
109.35 Describe what is on the Convoy Commander’s checklist. [ref. d, app. a]
• Warning Order Outline
• Sample Convoy Manifest
• Time Schedule
• Individual Checklists
• Vehicle Operator Checklist
• Landing Zone Kit
• Combat Life Saver Kit Packing List
• Leader Checklist
• Convoy Strip Map Standards.
• Convoy Post-Operations Checklist.
Delivered in SMEAC format
109.36 Explain how convoy road routes are classified. [ref. d, I-9]
• Route Classifications. Movement restrictions and highway route control classifications must
be considered within the AO. Route classification is assigned to a route using factors of
minimum width, worst route type, least bridge, raft, or culvert military load classification, and
obstructions to traffic flow.
89
COMMON CORE
109
109 GENERAL MILITARY TACTICS FUNDAMENTALS (CONT’D)
109.37 What factors determine the speed at which a convoy will move? [ref. d, I-14 thru 15]
• Speed and Safety.
– Convoy commander will dictate normal speed and catch-up speed during the convoy
brief. The rate of speed is determined by METT-TC and:
• Physical condition and level of training of the vehicle operators.
• Types of and mechanical condition of the convoy vehicles.
• Speed of the slowest vehicle based on capability, type, or weight of load.
• Degree of urgency the convoy requires.
• Condition of the roads (dust, mud, snow, and ice).
• Physical characteristics of the roadway along the route (grades, sharp turns,
congestion).
• Weather conditions.
109.38 Discuss the effectiveness and employment of early warning devices and pyrotechnics. [ref. a,
pp. 12-11 thru 12-13]
• Trip Flares
• Used primarily to illuminate and to give warning of attacking or infiltrating enemy
troops.
•
Place along a likely avenue of approach and activated by the enemy.
•
Normally not used in any other operation other than defensive.
• Booby Traps
• Can be explosive or non-explosive. Used primarily to incapacitate, wound or kill and
unsuspecting person when they disturb a apparently harmless object.
• There are improvised and manufactured
• Improvised - Constructed from standard firing devices, explosives, weapons, missiles
or other materials used for other purposes.
• Manufactured - Standard devices made at a factory. Made to look like useful
objects.(books, pipes or bottled drinks)
• Explosive Devices
• Booby traps laid along paths and trails to delay and frustrate patrols and foot troops.
• Most are improvised with either pressure release, pull or pull release devices.
• Grenade Trap - Setup with wire to pull pin when tripped over.
• Grenade in can - Grenade in can with pin removed. Trip wire pulls grenade from can.
• Mud Ball Mine - Grenade packed in mud. Mud dries and cracks grenade explodes.
• Non-explosive Devices
• All are improvised with locally available material. Either pressure release, pull or pull
release devices.
• Punji Stakes - Bamboo spikes placed in the ground protruding just enough to produce
injury.
• Foot Traps - Small pits combined with spike boards placed along paths or trails.
• Deadfalls - Various devices are suspended above jungle paths and trails. Designed to
fall or swing in an arc and strike victims as they pass below.
90
COMMON CORE
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110 CONTINGENCY OPERATIONS FUNDAMENTALS
References:
[a] https://abfcview.navfac.navy.mil
[b] COMCBPAC/COMCBLANT Instruction 10914.2, Maintenance Management Program for Naval
Construction Force (NCF) Camps
[c] NAVEDTRA 14265, Utilitiesman Basic, Vol. 1
[d] NAVEDTRA 14259, Utilitiesman Advanced
[e] NAVEDTRA 14233, Naval Construction Force/Seabee 1 & C
[f] NAVEDTRA 14234, Seabee Combat Handbook, Volume 1
[g] NWP 4-04, Naval Civil Engineer Operations
[h] JFOB, Joint Forward Operating Base Force Protection Handbook
110.1 Discuss Engineer Support Plans (ESP). [ref. g, ch 4, p. 4-1, par. 4.2]
• Navy and Marine Corps service component commanders identify the engineering mission
support for logistics and force-level requirements. ESPs that guide engineers’ efforts are then
developed as an appendix to Annex D (Logistics) of OPLANs or operation order (OPORD).
110.2 Discuss the Request for Forces (RFF) process. [ref. g, ch. 4, p. 4-1, par. 4.3]
• Naval civil engineering force units and individual augments must be requested through the
request for forces (RFF) process to augment a component or JTF organization. CEC officers
are on combatant and service component engineer staffs.
• For further information on the RFF process, refer to JP 1-0, Joint Doctrine for Personnel
Support to Joint Operations.
110.3 Discuss the difference between Contingency planning and Crisis Action planning. [ref. g, ch. 4,
p. 4-2, par. 4.7.1 and 4.7.2]
• Contingency planning is performed in a continuous cycle that usually begins with the
publication of a new CPG and is designed to develop joint OPLANs, CONPLANs (with and
without TPFDD), or functional plans to support the national military strategy. Contingency
planning facilitates the transition to crisis action planning.
• Crisis Action Planning is based on current events and conducted in time-sensitive situations
and emergencies using assigned, attached, and allocated forces and resources. Crisis action
planners base their plan on the actual circumstances that exist at the time planning occurs
and, where possible, an existing OPLAN. CAP uses the JOPP described above, but steps may
be condensed to fit the situation.
110.4 Discuss the following as it relates to General Engineering planning tools and considerations.
[ref. g, ch. 4, p. 4-6]
•
a. ESP (par. 4.9.1) Engineering planning is an integral part of the JOPP. The ESP identifies
the minimum essential facilities and engineering capabilities needed to support the
commitment of military forces. Based on service component input, unified commanders are
responsible for preparing the ESP. Civil engineer planners consider the following issues when
preparing input for an ESP:
a. HN restrictions imposed on the use of bases and installations.
b. Assumptions regarding the availability of critical HNS.
c. Major construction resources to be allocated.
d. Anticipation of sustainment of Class IV resources. ESP should consider whether or
not the Class IV items will need to be contracted locally vice shipped from other
sources. Consider use of LOGCAP, AFCAP, and NAVFAC GCC program
management and contract support team requirements.
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110 CONTINGENCY OPERATIONS FUNDAMENTALS (CONT’D)
e. Desired standards of construction (initial or temporary).
f. A provision for force withdrawal, such as base denial and movement of relocatable
residual assets.
•
•
•
•
b. ABFC (par. 4.9.3) - The ABFC system, known as the NAVFAC P-437, has two volumes.
The first volume is a list of components, facilities, and assemblies. The second volume
contains drawings. It includes standard designs, bills of material, weight, cube, construction
man-hour analysis, and fuel requirements. NAVFAC publishes the ABFC system electronically
in CD-ROM format or at http://abfcview.navfac.navy.mil/desk1000.cfm.
a. Components are the highest level of information. They consist of personnel,
material, facilities, and equipment and are designed and organized into a
configuration that performs a mission or task. An example of a component is the
P25, the NMCB TOA.
b. Facilities are engineering projects such as bunkers and preengineered buildings.
An example of a facility is a tent camp.
c. Assemblies are descriptive building blocks that detail National Stock Numbers.
Assemblies are used to develop concise, quick, and consistent estimates for
material and labor requirements. An example of an assembly is a general-purpose
medium tent.
c. Facilities (par. 4.9.4) - The unified commander is responsible for the coordination of
planning, programming, and construction of facilities to meet the requirements of service
component forces. Facility requirements are consistent with operational requirements, duration
of need, and forces to be supported. Initial or temporary construction standards and facility
requirements, as required by the mission, determine the types of materials and construction
techniques used in constructing facilities in support of contingency operations. Naval civil
engineers utilize standard facility designs, which may be modified in response to operational,
environmental, and unusual site and customer requirements. Civil engineer planners identify
facility requirements for contingency operations.
d. Real Estate (par. 4.9.5) - The unified commander is responsible for coordinating real estate
requirements of the service component forces. Navy and Marine Corps component
commanders conduct real estate activities such as determining requirements for their forces;
selecting, acquiring, maintaining, and disposing of property; claims processing; and records
maintenance. Civil engineer planners consider aspects of acquisition and/or leasing real estate
in support of engineer operations.
e. Environment (par. 4.9.6) - Environmental. Naval civil engineer planners consider the effect
of the planning of operations on the environment in accordance with HN agreements;
environmental laws and regulations; and U.S. federal, state, and local environmental laws and
standards. Environmental considerations are found in Annexes L and Q of an OPORD and/or
OPLAN. Environmental considerations include:
– a. Policies and responsibilities to protect and preserve the environment
– b. Certification of local water sources by appropriate medical personnel
– c. Solid and liquid waste management
• (1) Open dumping and burning
• (2) Gray water disposal
• (3) Pesticide disposal
• (4) Human waste disposal
• (5) Hazardous material disposal.
– d. Hazardous materials management, including the potential use of pesticides
– e. Protection of indigenous animals and vegetables
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110 CONTINGENCY OPERATIONS FUNDAMENTALS (CONT’D)
–
–
f. Archaeological and historical preservation
g. Contingency spill plans.
f. HN Support (par. 4.9.7) - Unified commanders obtain authority for negotiations with HNs
through channels of the Joint Staff, the SecDef, and the Department of State. Marine Corps
and Seabee engineer planners identify requirements for HNs and forward their requests
through the commander, joint task force (CJTF) or the service component commanders to the
unified commander. The types of HN logistic support that engineer planners request, subject
to agreements and restrictions, include:
– a. Petroleum, oils, and lubricants
– b. Transportation
– c. Telecommunications
– d. Civilian labor
– e. Rear area protection
– f. Facilities
– g. Contracting
– h. Equipment acquisition
– i. Supplies
– k. Health services support
– l. Waste disposal.
110.5 Discuss the following logistics support considerations for Seabee units. [ref. g, ch. 4, p. 4-11]
• a. Supply (par. 4.11.1) - Supply is the receipt, storage, issue, and resupply of materiel for
conducting operations. After depletion of Seabee-deployed stocks, the supported JTF
resupplies for Class I, III, IV, V, VIII, and IX materials. The JTF shall also source the air or
sealift required to move Class VII and IX supplies that are obtained through NFELC and
distributed through JTF logistic channels.
• b. Maintenance (par. 4.11.2) - Maintenance consists of actions necessary to preserve, repair,
and ensure continued operations and effectiveness. Seabee units use the material and
maintenance management system and are organized through intermediate (first and second)
levels of maintenance on organizational CESE. Seabees also conduct organizational
(Echelon II) maintenance on assigned communications and weapons systems (less optics)
and electronic assets. Support for maintenance above these levels is required.
• c. Transportation (par. 4.11.3) - Transportation is the movement of units, personnel,
equipment, and supplies from their point of origin to their final destination. Seabee units have
organic transportation assets to move equipment and supplies within the theater. They may
request augmenting transportation from the supported JTF for movement of Class IV materials
to their project sites or to displace the unit in a single movement.
• d. General Engineering (par. 4.11.4) - General Engineering is deliberate and oriented in CSS.
Seabees have a robust capability to conduct general engineering. BDR, maintenance of
facilities, and vertical and horizontal construction are examples of the engineering operations
conducted by the Seabees. Seabees have limited combat engineering capability and limited
engineer reconnaissance capability:
– 1. Do not clear mines
– 2. Do not place mines
– 3. Do not conduct explosive ordnance disposal
– 4. Do not conduct explosive demolition.
•
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110 CONTINGENCY OPERATIONS FUNDAMENTALS (CONT’D)
•
•
•
•
e. Health Services (par. 4.11.5) - Health Services maintain, preserve, and restore the combat
power of the force in war and peace. Only NMCB units have a robust organic medical
capability. The NMCBs are billeted with a medical officer, dental officer, and independent duty
corpsman plus additional corpsmen. Those medical assets support first-responder-capability
care. This includes routine and limited emergency medical and dental support at the point of
initial injury or illness. Limited ancillary capability consists of preventive medicine, first
aid/buddy aid, pharmacy, ophthalmic, medical laboratory, and radiology.
f. Medical Treatment Facilities (par. 4.11.5.1) - Medical Treatment Facility Seabee units have
an organic medical treatment facility with limited patient treatment capabilities located in each
NMCB. They are capable of only initial treatment and stabilization for serious injuries prior to
medical evacuation. Although the NMCB aid station has an assigned medical staff, the
medical equipment organic to the Seabee unit is for a small detachment operated by one
corpsman to perform organic medical and limited dental care.
g. Medical Evacuations (par. 4.11.5.2) - Medical Evacuations Health service support to
Seabee units attached to a JTF is provided in the same manner in which medical care is
provided to other JTF elements. Seabees follow established procedures for the medical
evacuation of casualties.
h. Other Services (par. 4.11.6) - Other Services Seabee organizations require support in field
exchange services, security, legal services, civil affairs, and graves registration. Although
NMCBs are self-sufficient upon deployment, the situation dictates whether or not
augmentation CSS from the supported JTF is required in the following areas: disbursing (U.S.
Navy interface), exchange services, legal services, mortuary services, postal services, security
support, and civil affairs support.
110.6 Explain the following construction standards. [ref. g, ch. 5, p. 5-1]
• a. Initial/Expedient (par. 5.2.1) - Initial/Expedient - Naval civil engineering forces apply the
initial/expedient construction standard for facilities construction in a tactical environment when
response times are at a premium for rapidly deploying engineering resources to limited
support locations. Naval civil engineering forces primarily use and tailor P-437 ABFC designs
to site-specific locations that require austere facilities intended for immediate operational use.
• b. Temporary (par. 5.2.2.1) - Temporary - Naval civil engineering forces apply the temporary
construction standard for facilities construction when a location requires that it extend the
efficiency of operations for use for as long as 24 months and when the naval civil engineering
forces are required to provide sustained operations. When mission requirements dictate, the
temporary construction standard replaces the initial/expedient construction standard. Naval
civil engineering forces conduct temporary-construction-standard readiness training through
fleet exercises to ensure proficiency in temporary construction missions, such as knowing
temporary construction standards for:
– 1. Building or modular systems and the ABFC standard design system
– 2. Expeditionary airfield construction
– 3. Electrical power generation and distribution systems
– 4. Fortifications
– 5. Forward arming and refueling points
– 6. Roads
– 7. Soil stabilization
– 8. Sewage disposal
– 9. Troop housing
– 10. Water storage and distribution.
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•
c. Permanent (par. 5.2.3.1) - Permanent - Naval civil engineering forces build permanentconstruction-standard facilities for HN, supporting stability and security operations for U.S.
forces with increased efficiency for long-term sustained operations. Naval civil engineering
forces must conform to either military, industrial, or commercial construction standards chosen
by the directing authority when constructing permanent facilities. Naval civil engineering forces
conduct permanent construction-standard readiness training during peacetime deployments.
They participate in fleet exercises and conduct contributory support projects at commands to
ensure proficiency in permanent construction missions. Permanent-construction-standard
training includes instruction in the following areas:
– 1. Asphalt paving
– 2. Bridging, nonstandard
– 3. Buildings
– 4. Concrete runways
– 5. Port facilities and navigational structures
– 6. Roads
– 7. Steel frame and block buildings
– 8. Steel structures
– 9. Utility distribution and storage systems.
110.7 Explain the three types of engineering Battlespace Functions that are assigned to the Seabees:
[ref. g, ch. 5, p. 5-2, par. 5.3]
• General Engineering
• Combat Engineering
• Geospatial Engineering
110.8 Discuss the following operational situations. [ref. g, ch. 5, p. 5-8]
• a. Joint (par. 5.5.1) - Joint Operations - Naval civil engineering forces train to know how other
service and coalition engineers and nongovernmental organizations operate, and how naval
civil engineering operations fit into the joint environment.
• b. Maritime Prepositioning Force (MPF) (par. 5.5.2) - Maritime Prepositioning Force Ops Goal of the maritime prepositioning force. The rapid establishment of a combat-ready MAGTF
ashore is accomplished by combining the rapid movement of the MAGTF fly-in-echelon (FIE),
made up of MPF enablers and main party personnel, through strategic airlift with MAGTF
equipment and supplies loaded aboard a forward-deployed MPSRON. There are three
MPSRONs in the maritime prepositioning force. To assist the MAGTF with the off-load and
staging of the prepositioned sets on each MPSRON, a Navy support element (NSE) is
required, to which PHIBCBs are an integral part.
• c. Counteracting Restriction to Movement (par. 5.5.4) - Counteracting Restriction to
Movements - When a unit exceeds the ability to maneuver around natural and artificial terrain,
engineers advise unit commanders about counteracting restrictions to movement in a range of
operational situations and environments. In their evaluation, engineers consider the unit’s
tactical situation, mission assignment, operational environment, engineering capabilities, and
equipment availability. They weigh the impact of the tactical situation on engineer tactics,
required equipment, and speed of mission accomplishment in order to formulate
recommendations to the unit commander.
• d. Jungle (par. 5.5.3) - Jungle - Engineering operations in the jungle include road
construction, stream crossing, expeditionary airfield construction, water treatment, mine
warfare, and mapping.
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110 CONTINGENCY OPERATIONS FUNDAMENTALS (CONT’D)
•
•
•
•
•
e. Mountain (par. 5.5.5) - Mountain Ops - Engineer training that supports mountain operations
includes cable and rope rigging, demolition of rock formations, mountain climbing, mountain
road clearing and construction, employment of helicopters, expedient stream crossing, and
bridge construction.
f. Cold Weather (par. 5.5.6) - Cold Weather Ops - Cold weather operations occur in arctic
regions and subarctic areas of North America and Eurasia. The Arctic consists of polar seas,
polar land, and ice pack areas. The Arctic is a cold, snow-covered desert with an 8-inch
average annual rainfall. Vegetation is dwarfed and scrubby in arctic regions. The subarctic is
an area of extremes with hot summers and very cold winters. Arctic/subarctic lines of
communications consist of roads, trails, and limited water travel. Seabees do not train for this
type of environment; however, UCTs do conduct arctic dive training operations. Seabees
would need to be outfitted with cold weather
g. Desert (par. 5.5.7) - Desert - Desert terrain shares physical characteristics such as a lack
of water and vegetation, extreme temperatures, bright sunshine and moonlight, dust storms,
and dry river channels. Operations in the desert, complicated by the task of providing an
adequate supply of water, increased requirements for camouflage assistance and deception,
and special problems in field fortifications, significantly task engineering resources.
h. Gap Crossing (par. 5.5.8) - Gap-Crossing - Gap crossings are second only to amphibious
operations in complexity and vulnerability. A gap-crossing operation is similar to a bridging
operation. Seabees do not have standard bridging assets in their TOA. Hasty, deliberate, and
retrograde gap-crossing operations require advanced planning for training, coordination, and
equipment. C2, planning, unit relationships and responsibilities, and participation by various
units are different with each type and size of crossing operation.
i. Military Operations in Urban Terrain (MOUT) (par. 5.5.9) - Military Operations on
Urbanized Terrain - Seabees support construction projects in urban and populated areas
even though they are not an offensive force. The presence of population and man-made
construction complicates MOUT. The number of Seabees training in MOUT continues to
increase. UCTs conduct limited MOUT training since a majority of their work at seaports is
expected to be in urban environments.
110.9 Discuss the following Joint Forward Operating Base (JFOB) site selection and layout
considerations. [ref. h, ch. 5]
General (p. 5-6)
• Tenant unit/organization mission and space requirements.
Perimeter Security (p. 5-7)
• Layered Defense. Design a layout that incorporates the concept of a layered defense in depth.
Incorporate perimeter security devices (barriers, ECPs lighting, intrusion detection and
surveillance systems (IDS), access control equipment, etc.).
Critical Assets (p. 5-8)
• Asset Location, Visual Surveillance, Defensible Space, Use of Available Space, Access
Routes, Vehicle Parking, Exterior Signage, Trash Receptacles, Vegetation, Separation
Distance, Structures
Utilities (p. 5-9)
• Utility Access, Utility Support, Multiple Power Sources, Public Address System, Perimeter
Penetration, Water Treatment and Storage, Signage, Storage Tanks and Operational
Facilities, Communication Networks
Occupied Structures (p. 5-10)
• Site, Personnel, Open Space, Structural Hardening, Retrofit/Hardening Techniques, Standoff
Distance, Windows, Safety Window Frames, Doors, Asset Concealment, Pedestrian Traffic,
Trash Receptacle.
96
COMMON CORE
110
110 CONTINGENCY OPERATIONS FUNDAMENTALS (CONT’D)
Water from systems where sanitary, physical, operating, defects, or other
special hazards are known to exist must be chlorinated to specific bacterial
levels. Residual of at least 2.0 ppm.
c. Superchlorination [ch. 2, p. 2-28] - Super Chlorination is the application of chlorine in
dosages far in excess of the chlorine demand for disinfecting. Super Chlorination is
accomplished by chlorinating the water in a container or distribution system to at least 100
parts per million (ppm).
•
•
110.14 Discuss the three parts of the Advance Base Functional Component (ABFC) system and
explain their relationships: [ref. e, ch. 4, p. 4-1]
• Part 1, Component Site Plan
- Component is defined as a grouping of personnel and materials that has a specific
function or mission at an advanced base. Example: NMCB is a component
• Part 2, Facility Drawings
- Lists and describes by assembly number that assembly requirement for each facility
Example: 250 Man Tent Camp
• Part 3, Assembly Drawing
- Lists line-item requirements by nation Stock Number (NSN) for each assembly
Example: Tent 16 x 32
110.15 Describe the ABFC View Program and how it facilitates contingency planning [ref. a]
• The ABFCview document is the electronic version of the NAVFAC P-437 Facilities Planning
Guide. It identifies structures and supporting facilities of the Navy ABFC system. It was
developed to make pre-engineered facility designs, material requirement, and labor
requirement available to planners at all levels.
98
COMMON CORE
111
111 CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL,
AND RADIOLOGICAL (CBR)WARFARE FUNDAMENTALS
References:
[a] TM EE168-DB-OMP-010, Operator’s and Unit Maintenance Manual (including Repair Parts and
Special Tool List) for Alarm, Chemical Agent, Automatic, M-22
[b] NAVEDTRA 14057, Damage Controlman
[c] NAVEDTRA 14235, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 2
[d] TM 3-4240-346-109, Chemical Biological Mask Type, M-40A
[e] NAVEDTRA 14234, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1
[f] FM 3-4, NBC Protection
[g] NAVMED P-5041, Treatment of Chemical Agent Casualties and Conventional Military Chemical
Injuries
[h] FM 3-3, Chemical and Biological Contamination Avoidance
[i] FM 3-5, NBC Decontamination
[j] Seabee Battle Skills Guide, Book I
[k] TM SS200-AP-MMO-010, Operator Manual for Joint Service Lightweight Integrated Suit
Technology (JSLIST) Chemical Protective Ensemble
[l] FM 3-7, NBC Field Handbook
111.1 Explain the following: [ref. e, ch. 9]
a. Chemical warfare [p. 9-1]
• Chemical agents are used to produce death, injury, temporary incapacitation, or irritating
effects.
• Three types of antipersonnel agents –
• Casualty (nerve, blister, choking, blood)
• Incapacitating (symptoms vary)
• Harassing (tear and vomiting gases)
• Produces physiological and psychological effect
• Delivered in liquid and vapor form
• Causes casualties
• Degrades performance
• Disrupts support
• Restricts maneuvers
b. Biological warfare [p. 9-2]
 The intentional release of living organisms or substances produced by living organisms to
cause Death or Disease
 Biological operations use living organisms to cause disease or death.
 Cause diseases such as typhoid fever, cholera, and influenza.
 Difficult to detect because evidence of attack isn’t discovered until after personnel show signs
of exposure.
c. Radiological effects [p. 9-2)
• Nuclear weapons produce explosions of great force and heat and release nuclear radiation.
Their primary purpose is the mass destruction of property and personnel.
d. Routes by which agents enter the body [pp. 9-3 thru 9-5]
 Breathing
 Absorption through skin, eyes, mucus membranes
 Ingestion
99
COMMON CORE
111 CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL,
111
AND RADIOLOGICAL (CBR)WARFARE FUNDAMENTALS
(CONT’D)
111.2 Describe the purpose of the following. [ref. b and ref. e]
a. Protective mask (ref. b, ch. 9, p. 9-1)
• Protects face, eyes, nose, throat and lungs from CBR agents or contamination
• Offers no protection against carbon monoxide or ammonia
• Filters the air removing particles of dust that may be radioactive or otherwise contaminated
• Purifies the air of many poisonous gases.
b. Chemical protective JSLIST ensemble (ref. b, ch. 9, p. 9-4)
 The JSLIST overgarment is designed to replace the Battle Dress Overgarment, the USMC
Saratoga, and the Navy Chemical Protective Overgarment. It is lighter and less bulky than the
previous Battle Dress Overgarment (BDO) chemical protective garments, is durable for 45
days, can be laundered up to six times and provides 24 hours of protection against liquid and
vapor chemical challenges.
c. Atropine/2PAM Chloride (ref. e, ch. 9, p. 9-8)
 Used to counteract the effects of and relieve the symptoms of nerve agents only.
d. IM143/PD Pocket dosimeter (ref b, ch. 11, p. 11-5)
 Size and shape of a fountain pen.
 Measure exposure to radiation over a period of time
111.3 Describe the operation and maintenance of the protective mask. [ref. d]
a. Operation [ch. 2]
• Place your chin in.
• Cover openings at bottom of outlet valve and breathe out hard so that air escapes around the
edges of facepiece.
• Cover inlet port of canister and breath in. Facepiece should collapse against your face, and
remain so while you hold your breath. If it does, you have an airtight seal. If it does not
collapse check for matter between face piece and your face.
•
Grasp tab and pull head harness over your head after establishing an airtight seal.
b. Maintenance [ch. 3]
• The only authorized cleaning agent for your FPM is WARM SOAPY WATER.
•
Remove the canister before cleaning the mask. Clean the mask. Clean the mask inside and
out, using a clean cloth dipped in the soapy water.
•
Rinse by wiping with a clean cloth that has been dipped in warm clear water.
•
Either wipe the facepiece with a clean, lint free cloth or air-dry.
111.4 Explain the three types of anti-personnel agents and their physical symptoms [ref. e, ch. 9, p. 91]
• Casualty Agents - Highly poisonous and are intended to kill or seriously injure. Included in
this group are nerve, blister, choking, and blood agents. Nerve agents, as a group, are
probably the most effective because only small doses are needed to produce death.
• Incapacitating - It renders personnel incapable of performing their duties by interfering with
the mental processes that control bodily functions.
• Harassing - include tear and vomiting gases that cause temporary disability.
100
COMMON CORE
111 CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL,
(CONT’D)
111
AND RADIOLOGICAL (CBR)WARFARE FUNDAMENTALS
111.5 Describe the following types of nuclear explosions. [ref. b, ch. 10]
a. Air burst (p. 10-2)
– Fire ball does not touch the earth
– All materials in fireball vaporized
– Maximize blast and thermal effect over large area
b. High altitude burst (p. 10-3)
– Point of detonation is above 100,000 ft
– Produces air blast, thermal radiation, EMP, initial nuclear radiation, and atmospheric
ionization.
– Last from minutes to hours
c. Surface burst (p. 10-3)
– Detonation is on, or above the surface of the earth, and the fireball touches the
surface.
– Air blast, thermal radiation, EMP.
– Over water causes damage to Submarines
d. Underwater burst (p. 10-3)
– Practically all thermal radiation absorbed
– Large base serge is formed which billows up several hundred feet
e. Underground burst (p. 10-4)
– Produces a severe earth shock, especially near point of detonation.
– Thermal radiation, air blast, initial nuclear radiation, and fallout will be negligible or
absent if the burst is confined below the surface.
– Ground shock will cause damage within about three crater radii but little beyond
111.6 Describe the following effects of nuclear explosions. [ref. b, ch. 10]
a. Air blast (p. 10-5)
– Primary blast injuries result from the direct action of the air shock wave on the human
body.
– Secondary blast injuries are caused mainly by collapsing buildings and by timber and
other debris flung about by the blast.
b. Thermal Radiation (p. 10-6)
– Radiant energy (heat and light) emitted by fireball.
– Travels at the speed of light and persists as long as the fireball is luminous.
– Over land – ignites fires
– As weapon yield increases, the range at which thermal radiation can cause skin burns
and eye injuries to exposed personnel increases
c. Nuclear radiation (p. 10-6)
– Alpha particles: Must be taken into the body through ingestion or cuts to be injurious.
– Beta particles: Enter through the skin or ingestion, carried in contaminated dust, dirt,
or bomb residue
d. Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) phenomenon (p.10-7)
– An EMP is an intense burst of radio- frequency radiation generated by a nuclear
explosion.
– The strong, quick-rising surges of electric current induced by EMP in power
transmission lines and long antennas could burn out most unprotected electrical and
electronic equipment.
101
COMMON CORE
111 CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL,
111
AND RADIOLOGICAL (CBR)WARFARE FUNDAMENTALS
(CONT’D)
e. Fallout (p. 10-7)
– Major effect of a surface, shallow underground, or underwater burst.
– Radioactive material that falls from the nuclear cloud and is deposited on exposed
surfaces.
– Consists primarily of fission products (gamma/beta emitters) mixed with material that
was vaporized by the fireball and drawn up into the nuclear cloud.
111.7 Define Mission Oriented Protective Posture (MOPP) and discuss the levels. [ref. f, ch. 2, pp. 2-1
thru 2-3)
MOPP ZERO – Carried/within arms reach
MOPP 1 – Over garments
MOPP 2 – Boots
MOPP 3 – Mask
MOPP 4 - Gloves
102
COMMON CORE
111 CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL,
111
AND RADIOLOGICAL (CBR)WARFARE FUNDAMENTALS
(CONT’D)
111.8 Describe the correct procedures for inspecting and maintaining the JSLIST chemical protective
ensemble. [ref. k, ch. 2, pp. 2-1 thru 2-11]
103
COMMON CORE
111 CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL,
(CONT’D)
111
AND RADIOLOGICAL (CBR)WARFARE FUNDAMENTALS
104
COMMON CORE
111 CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL,
(CONT’D)
111
AND RADIOLOGICAL (CBR)WARFARE FUNDAMENTALS
105
COMMON CORE
111 CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL,
(CONT’D)
111
AND RADIOLOGICAL (CBR)WARFARE FUNDAMENTALS
111.9 Describe the colors and markings on the NATO CBR marker sign. [ref. e, ch. 9, p. 9-19]
•
•
•
NATO-standard triangular signs
Markers are placed outside the contaminated area
Markers face out from contamination
GAS - Yellow Triangle – red lettering
BIO – Blue Triangle – red lettering
ATOM – White Triangle (Black outline) – Blue lettering
111.10 Describe the color that the M-9 chemical agent detector tape displays after it comes in contact
with a liquid nerve or blister agent. [ref. e, ch. 9, p. 9-6)
•
•
Detects the presence of liquid nerve and blister agents.
Spots or streaks on the paper appear pink, red-brown, red-purple, or any shade of red,
assume it has been exposed to a chemical agent.
111.11 Describe the color that M-8 paper turns after it comes in contact with a liquid nerve or blister
agent. [ref. b, ch. 9, p. 9-11]
•
•
•
•
Yellow-gold indicates G (nerve) agent
Red-pink indicates H (blister) agent
Dark green indicates V (nerve) agent
If any other color or no color change, liquid cannot be identified
106
COMMON CORE
111 CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL,
(CONT’D)
111
AND RADIOLOGICAL (CBR)WARFARE FUNDAMENTALS
111.12 Explain the following as it applies to nerve agents. [ref. g]
a. Symptoms (ch. 2, p. 2-11)
 Unexplained sudden headache
 Unexplained runny nose
 Drooling
 Difficulty with vision (dimness of vision)
 Tightness in chest/difficulty in breathing
 Localized sweating/muscle twitching in contaminated area of the skin
 Stomach cramps
 Nausea
 Severe symptoms. Casualties with severe symptoms can experience most or all of the mild
symptoms and most or all of the symptoms listed below:
o Strange or confused behavior
o Wheezing, severe Red eyes with possible tearing
o Vomiting
o Severely pinpointed pupils
o Severe muscular twitching and general weakness
o Involuntary urination and defecation
o Convulsions
o Unconsciousness
o Respiratory failure
o difficulty in breathing, and coughing
b. Contents of the NAAK MK1 (appendix e, p. e-1)
• Auto-injectors:
• 1 ea Atropine
• 1 ea 2PAM Chloride
c. Treatment (self and buddy aid) (appendix e, p. e-4)
• Treatment (Self)
• Don the protective mask
• Remove a NAAK from the protective mask carrier
• Inject the thigh with the first injector from the kit (atropine) hold against thigh for at least 10
seconds
• Follow immediately with second injector of 2-pam chloride and hold for at least 10 seconds.
• Bend needle to form a hook and place on the protective outer garment
• Massage injection site if time permits
• Wait 10 - 15 minutes before administering second series of injections (no more than three)
• Administer the back pressure arm-lift method of artificial ventilation if breathing is difficult or
has ceased.
• Treatment (Buddy Aid)
• Mask the casualty.
• Using the Naak belonging to the victim, administer three sets of injections immediately
and in rapid succession in the thigh muscle of the log.
• Hook the expended auto injectors to the overgarment pocket flap of the victim.
• Administer the back pressure arm-lift method of artificial ventilation if breathing is
difficult or has ceased.
• Seek medical attention NOW
107
COMMON CORE
111 CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL,
(CONT’D)
111
AND RADIOLOGICAL (CBR)WARFARE FUNDAMENTALS
111.13 Describe the steps and procedures in utilizing the M-295 and M-291 decontamination kits. [ref.
i, ch. 2, p. 2-1 thru 2-2]
M-296
• Currently being removed from service
• Replaced by M-291 Kit
• 6 Packets per kit
– 3 - #1 Packets (Use for 1 minute)
– 3 - #2 Packets (Use for 2 minutes)
• M-280 is large version of M258A1 and is used for equipment decon.
• Steps and procedures for using the M258A1and M291 decontamination kit for skin:
• Open the decontamination kit, and pull out one DECON 1 pad packet by the tab
• Fold the packet on the solid line marked "BEND", then unfold it
• Tear the packet open quickly at the notch, remove, and unfold the pad.
• Wipe your skin for 1 minute.
• Deposit the pad in a proper container.
• Pull out one DECON 2 pad packet. Crush the enclosed glass ampoules between your thumb
and fingers.
• Fold the packet on the solid line marked "CRUSH AND BEND", then unfold it.
• Tear the packet open quickly at the notch, and remove the pad.
• Fully open the pad. Let the encased crushed glass ampoules fall into a proper container.
• Wipe the contaminated skin for 2 to 3 minutes.
M-291
• Replaces the M258A1
• Wallet-like pouch with 6 decon packets
– Black, reactive, and absorbent resin power
– Attached strap for inserting finger
• M-295 is large version of M291 and is used for equipment decon.
111.14 State how long the JSLIST protective suit will provide protection from chemical agents once
they are removed from the packaging under the following conditions. [ref. k, par. a]
•
•
Exposed to chemical agents - It can be worn up to 24 hours in a contaminated environment,
and is available in a woodland or desert camo pattern.
Not exposed to chemical agents - It can be worn over the uniform, or over undergarments. It
can be worn up to 45 days in an uncontaminated environment, or up to 120 days with up to six
launderings
.
108
COMMON CORE
111 CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL,
(CONT’D)
111
AND RADIOLOGICAL (CBR)WARFARE FUNDAMENTALS
111.15 Discuss laundering procedures for the JSLIST protective suit. [ref. k, para. b]
• Make sure all slide and hook-and-pile fasteners are secured to prevent rips during laundering
-Use a mild detergent
-Wash on PERMANENT PRESS
-Tumble dry on GENTLE or hang it up on a plastic hangar and let it air dry
-Do NOT use bleach or fabric softener
-Never dry clean, steam press, or try to remove stains on JSLIST
111.16 Discuss the following types of decontamination. [ref. c, ch. 6, p. 6-6]
• Immediate:
– Skin decon
– Operator spraydown
• Operational:
– Removal of gross contaminants
– MOPP gear exchange
• Thorough:
– Detailed troop and equipment decon
– Reduce contaminants to a negligible risk
111.17 Discuss the procedures for setting up a personnel decontamination line. [ref. i, ch. 3, p. 3.1]
• The DTD is set up in a secure, uncontaminated area located as far forward as the tactical
situation permits.
• Personnel from both the decontamination and the supported unit operate the DTD under the
supervision of the Chemical, Biological, and Radiological Defense Officer or the Disaster
Preparedness Operations and Training Specialist.
• Removing contaminated MOPP gear, including the Protective mask, is the major action in
Detailed Troop Decontamination (DTD).
•
If DTD is not performed chemical agents may eventually penetrate the over-garment and
contaminate under clothing or skin.
• The contaminated unit is responsible for setting up, Operating, and closing the DTD in a
thorough decon site.
• The CBR Officer recommends to the COC the general location of the DTD within the decon
site
109
COMMON CORE
111 CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL,
(CONT’D)
111
AND RADIOLOGICAL (CBR)WARFARE FUNDAMENTALS
111.18 Discuss the procedures for setting up a detailed equipment decontamination line. [ref. i, ch. 3,
p. 3-1]
111.19 Discuss the duties and responsibility of the following CBR team.
a. Personnel DECON [ref i, ch. 4, p. 4-6]
– Set up and operate the Detailed Troop Decontamination
b. Equipment DECON [ref i, ch. 4, p. 4-18]
– Set up and operate the Detailed Equipment Decontamination
c. Survey/Monitor Recon Team [ref h, ch. 5, p. 5-1]
– Find/identify contamination or monitor movement/levels of existing contamination
110
COMMON CORE
111 CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL,
(CONT’D)
111
AND RADIOLOGICAL (CBR)WARFARE FUNDAMENTALS
111.20 Discuss how to employ the M-22 chemical alarm system, to include placement of detector and
remote alarms. [ref. a, ch. 2, sec 1, p. 2-1]
•
•
•
•
•
Primary means of detecting blister and nerve agents arriving in a unit area from an upwind
chemical attack.
Detects chemical agents in vapor and aerosol form
Alerts by audible and visual signal
Interfaceable with communications systems to support battlefield automation
Consist of
• M88 detector unit
• M42 alarm unit
111.21 Explain the three types of CBR surveys and their uses. [ref h, ch. 5, p. 5-4]
Point Survey
• The point surveillance mission is conducted for a specific period of time, oriented to key
terrain.
• It is typically conducted to ensure that time sensitive or critical operations can be conducted
without unwarned encounters with chemical agent clouds or transfer hazards resulting from
munitions event
Route Survey
• Routes and specific points may be surveyed if that information is usually found during recon
operations
• If conducted, the survey team goes to a specific point or points along a route and tests for the
presence of liquid contamination with M8 or M9 detector paper.
Area Survey
• The goal of an area surveillance mission is to provide a tailored detection capability in those
tactical situations where it is impractical to employ remote point samplers, such as M22
system.
111.22 Describe what type of standard decontamination agent reacts violently with liquid mustard
agent. [ref. i, app. b, p. b-2]
• Super-tropical bleach: STB reacts violently by igniting spontaneously upon contact with liquid
mustard agent.
• STB should not be inhaled or come in contact with the skin. STB gives off toxic vapors upon
contact with G agents.
111
COMMON CORE
111 CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL,
(CONT’D)
111
AND RADIOLOGICAL (CBR)WARFARE FUNDAMENTALS
111.23 Discuss the following as it relates to CBR. [ref. i, ch. 4]
a. Pre-attack actions [p. 4-0]
• Extended wear of protective clothing. (The individual may have to adapt to wearing protective
clothing and equipment for extended periods).
• M9 Chemical Agent Detector Paper. Attach to clothing. If spots or streaks on the paper
appear pink, red-brown, red-purple or any shade of red, assume it has been exposed to a
chemical agent.
• Alertness and Proficiency. Individuals must remain alert and constantly aware of the chemical
threat.
• Protection of Individual Equipment. Keep equipment and supplies organized and covered.
b. During attack [p. 4-3]
• Stop breathing
• Don Protective mask
• Give the alarm
• Continue the mission and wait for further orders.
• Assist others when the situation permits.
c. After-attack [p. 4-4]
 Remain in protective gear and continue your mission.
 Give first aid to casualties in the immediate vicinity when the situation and mission permit.
 Await the commander’s order for unmasking.
Pre-Attack Actions
• Field Shelters. Tunnels, caves, and storm drains provide effective shelter. Vehicles made of
steel provide some protection.
• Supplies and Equipment. Equipment and supplies not being worn should be placed in the
fighting hole to prevent them from becoming missiles.
During Attack Actions
• Drop Flat on Ground facedown or to the bottom of a fighting hole.
• Close your eyes.
• Protect exposed skin from heat by putting hands and arms near or under your body. Keep
your helmets on.
Nuclear Attack Action
 Remain down until after the blast has passed and debris has stopped falling.
• Stay calm, check for injury, check weapons and equipment for damage, and prepare to
continue the mission.
Nuclear Attack
• Begin fallout monitoring
• Bathe and change clothes as soon as possible
• Avoid breathing dust (place handkerchief or similar cloth over mouth)
• Remember runoff water is contaminated
112
COMMON CORE
111 CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL,
(CONT’D)
111
AND RADIOLOGICAL (CBR)WARFARE FUNDAMENTALS
111.25 Discuss the following regarding the M-256 detection kit. [ref. h, ch. 3, p. 3-5]
a. Types of agents detected/Time Required to complete test
• Capable of detecting both liquid and vapor concentrations of chemical agents.
• Detects chemical agents in the following concentrations:
Nerve (G series; .005 mg/m3 VX; .02 mg/m3 within 15 minutes)
Blister (H; 2mg/m3 12mg/m3 within 10 minutes)
Blood (AC; 7 mg/m3 within 10 minutes)
• Issued at squad level
• Contains ABC-MS Chemical agent detector paper for liquids/samplers
• Causes OPSEC problems during hours of limited visibility
• A white light is needed to read both ABC-M8 paper and sampler/detector.
111.26 Explain the proper steps for donning the JSLIST chemical protective ensemble. [ref j, p. 1-183]
•
Chemical Protective Undergarment. The CPU is a two-piece undergarment consisting of a
formfitting undershirt and drawers. The CPU is not removed from its bag until it is needed for
use. When the CPU is removed from its VB bag, its protective qualities last for a minimum of
15 days. The wear time for the CPU begins when it is removed from the VB bag. If the original
bag is not available, use a replacement bag that, as a minimum, is water-resistant or waterrepellent. The CPU can be laundered once for personal-hygiene purposes during its 15-day
use. It provides protection from CB agents (solid, liquid, and vapor) for up to a 12-hour period.
The CPU also protects against radioactive alpha and beta particles. When worn under a duty
uniform, the CPU has also shown enhanced flash fire protection capabilities. The CPU is
generally used by SOF, explosive ordnance disposal (EOD), technical escort, and depot
personnel.
113
COMMON CORE
112
112 EMBARKATION FUNDAMENTALS
References:
[a] NAVEDTRA 14233, Naval Construction Force/Seabee 1 & C
[b] AMCAW 36-101, Vol. I, AMC Affiliations Program Equipment Preparation Course
[c] AMCAW 36-101, Vol. II, AMC Affiliations Program Airlift Planner’s Course
[d] NAVFAC P-1051, Container Operations Manual for the NCF
[e] COMSECONDNCB/COMTHIRDNCBINST 4627.1, NCF MPF Operations
[f] P-1049, Naval Construction Force Mobilization Manual
[g] NWP 4-04.1, Seabee Operations in the MAGTF
[h] OPNAVINST 4600.26, TCAIMS II
112.1 Define the following as applied to embarkation: [ref. c, glossary, a-3]
a. ACL - (Allowable Cabin/Cargo Load) Amount of passengers/cargo that may be transported
by a specific aircraft.
b. TALCE - (U.S. Air Force Airlift Control Element) Supports airlift missions where command
control, mission reporting, and/or support functions are limited or do not exist.
c. Marshalling - Process by which units move equipment, cargo, and personnel to temporary
staging area near embarkation points.
d. AACG - (Arrival Airfield Control Group) Responsible for receiving all airlifted items, and
movement from airfield to deployment site.
e. DACG - (Departure Airfield Control Group) Responsible for controlling the flow of
personnel, cargo, an equipment from the marshalling area to the aircraft.
112.2 Describe the following as it pertains to how equipment and cargo are to be prepared for air and
sea movement.
a. Palletization [ref. b, ch. 3, p. 3-1] –
463L System, Pallets, Pallet build-up, Married pallets, Tiedown Techniques
b. Weighing and Marking [ref. b, ch. 4, p. 4-1 - ] –
Weighing. All cargo offered for air shipment must be weighed. Either portable or
fixed scales are acceptable. Indicate actual weight on each side of a vehicle, pallet, or
single item planned for air shipment. Do not weigh the cargo until all secondary loads
are secured for flight. Once weighed and marked, do not add or remove any items of
cargo. Any additions or deletions will require the cargo to be weighed again.
Marking Procedures. After computing the CB of the vehicle, mark its location and
gross weight on both sides of the vehicle using weather resistant masking tape and
grease pencil/magic marker, forming the letter “T”. The horizontal portion of the “T” will
contain the gross weight information, and the vertical portion of the “T” will contain the
letters “CB,” to indicate the exact position of the vehicle’s CB. Also indicate number of
inches from the RDL of the CB location and mark axle weights above each axle on
both sides of the vehicle .
c. Shoring [ref. b, ch. 6, p. 6-1] –
The shoring serves many purposes. It protects the aircraft cargo floor and 463L pallet
surfaces. It decreases the approach angle of the aircraft cargo ramps, protects aircraft
parking ramps, and increases cargo contact areas. There are four types of shoring:
Roller, Parking, Sleeper, Approach
d. Joint Inspections [ref. b, ch. 7, p. 7-1] – The joint inspection (JI) is recorded on DD Form
2133, Joint Airlift Inspection Record
114
COMMON CORE
112 EMBARKATION FUNDAMENTALS
112
(CONT’D)
112.3 State the primary use and mission of the following three types of Air Mobility Command (AMC)
organic aircraft
a. C-130 [ref c, ch. 3, p 3-1]
– Tactical aircraft used for in-theater operations.
– Planning ACL 25,000 lbs
– Maximum cargo dimensions
• 115”W x 105”H
– Six 463L pallet positions
– Maximum seating for 90 passengers, but limited to 74 passengers over water
b. C-5A [ref c, ch 5, p. 5-1]
– Global strategic aircraft used for inter-theater transport of troops and outsized cargo.
– Planning ACL 150,000 lbs
– Maximum cargo dimensions- 228”W x 162”H
– Thirty six 463L pallet positions
– Maximum seating for 343 passengers, but limited to 329 passengers over water
c. C-17 [ref c, ch. 8, p 8-1]
– Strategic/tactical aircraft used for inter-theater and in-theater transport of troops and
outsized cargo.
– ACL 90,000 lbs
– Maximum cargo dimensions
• 196”W x 143”H
– Eighteen- 463L pallet positions in the logistics restraint rail system.
– Eleven 463L pallets in the aerial delivery rail system.
– Minimum runway 3,000 ft
– Maximum seating for 102 passengers
112.4 Describe the different types of cargo containers that may be used for unit movements. [ref. d,
ch. 2, p. 2-1]
• Kit and mount- out boxes
– 20”W X 48”L
– 250lbs per box
 TRICONS
– 6 1/2 ft X 8 ft X 8 ft
 Standard 20
– 8 ft X 8 ft X 20 ft
 Configured 20
– 8 ft X 8 ft X 20 ft
– with built-in cabinets
 Flatrack
– 8 ft X 8 ft X 20 ft
– Open ended
 Half Height
– 8 ft X 4 ft X 20 ft
 SIXCON
– 6 1/2 ft X 8 ft X 4 ft
– used to transport fuel & water
115
COMMON CORE
112
112 EMBARKATION FUNDAMENTALS (CON’T)
112.5 Discuss the Maritime Prepositioning Force (MPF) [ref. e, ch. 1, p. 1-2]
• Total of 13 ships in 3 squadrons
• Squadrons forward deployed:
– Mediterranean/Atlantic
– Diego Garcia
– Guam/Saipan
• Each MPS Squadron (MPSRON): Equipment and supplies to sustain 17,000 MAGTF
personnel for 30 days
• Positions a MAGTF for further operations
• Five phases of an MPF Operation (Supplement 2):
– Planning
– Marshalling
– Movement
– Arrival and Assembly
– Regeneration
• Three new ships, one per MPSRON
• Added equipment spread across squadron:
– Expeditionary Airfield
– 500-bed Combat Zone Fleet Hospital
– One NMCB (w/NCR assets)
112.6 Define the following as applied to MPF. [ref. e, ch. 1]
a. SLRP (p. 1-8) – Survey, Liaison Reconnaissance Party
b. OPP (p. 1-8) - Offload Preparation Party
c. AP (p. 1-8) - Advanced Party
d. MB (p. 1-9) - Main Body
112.7 Describe the purpose of shipper declaration for dangerous goods. [ref. b, ch. 7, p. 7-3]
• Shipper Declaration of Hazardous Goods are used a means of identifying hazardous cargos
and communicating that hazard to the air crew.
112.8 Discuss the information found on a Time-Phased Force Deployment Data (TPFDD). [ref. f,
appendix a, p. a-13]
• The TPFDD is both a force requirements and a prioritized transportation movement document.
Further, the TPFDD defines the Combatant Commander’s time-phased lift requirements for
supplies, equipment, and replacement personnel needed to sustain the forces specified during
force planning
112.9 Describe the purpose of TCAIMS II. [ref. h]
TC-AIMS II is a program to assist commanders in their preparation for, and execution of deployment,
sustainment, and redeployment/retrograde operations. It is a joint program that combines current best
of breed transportation tools to provide an integrated transportation management system capability.
TC-AIMS II addresses critical shortfalls in the movement of materiel and personnel in support of
Department of Defense (000) transportation operations. The system will provide a single effective and
efficient automated information system (AIS). This joint system will support force projection and
transportation management of unit movements, passengers, and cargo during day-to-day and crisis
operations within the Defense Transportation System (DTS).
116
COMMON CORE
113
113 CIVIL ENGINEER SUPPORT EQUIPMENT (CESE) FUNDAMENTALS
References:
[a] NAVFAC P-300, Management of Civil Engineering Support Equipment
[b] COMFIRSTNCDINST 11200.1, Naval Construction Force Equipment Management
113.1 Discuss the following Civil Engineer Support Equipment (CESE). [ref. a]
a. Automotive Equipment [app. a, p. a-1]
Stake Trucks
Troop haulers
MRAP
b. Construction Equipment [app. a p. a-2]
Dozer
Grater
Earth Moving Equipment
c. Materials Handling Equipment (MHE) [app. a, p. a-3]
Forklifts
d. Weight Handling Equipment (WHE) [app. a, p. a-5]
Cranes
e. Civil Engineering End Item (CEEI) [ch. 2, section 2.10, p. 2-29, par. a]
Automatic Building Machine (Case Bands)
113.2 Explain the importance of the first echelon maintenance. [ref. b, ch. 2, section 1, p. 2-6, par. d,
1b]
• Proper maintenance is the care given and the work performed to keep vehicles and
equipment in safe and serviceable operating condition during their normal service life.
Maintenance helps detect minor deficiencies before they lead to costly repairs.
• The first sign of vehicle trouble should be detected by the operator during one of the three
daily inspections. These inspections occur before, during, and after operations.
• During Operation Inspection - The during operation inspection consists of the operator using
knowledge of the equipment and his or her senses to detect indications needing attention.
• After operation inspection and service require the operator to first perform proper shutdown
procedures.
• After shutdown, operators must perform the following actions:
113.3 Discuss the process for completing the following: [ref. b, ch. 2]
•
Operating checks [section 2, 2201, par. c, p. 2-10] The operator must identify items
needing attention: smell (burning rubber, grease or clutches), hearing (unusual noises), sight
(instruments), and feeling (drag, pull, and vibration). Tires should be periodically inspected for
flats, and rocks between duals, for example. During operation, lubrication is the responsibility
of the operator. If a defect is suspected, stop the equipment and investigate. Ensure that
defects that could damage the equipment or impair safe operations are repaired before
returning the equipment to use.
•
Operator inspection guide trouble report [section 3, 2305, par. a, p. 2-22] The NAVFAC
Form 9-11240/13 is issued with the Pre-start MRC by the Dispatcher prior to issuing trip
tickets. The form is to be completed according to the instructions contained thereon, and
returned to the Yard Boss for review and initials. The NAVFAC Form 9-11240/2, Dispatcher’s
Log) is completed prior to issuing the DD Form
117
COMMON CORE
113
113 CIVIL ENGINEER SUPPORT EQUIPMENT (CESE) FUNDAMENTALS (CONT’D)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Issued by dispatcher and to be completed in accordance with the instructions contained
thereon and return to the dispatcher.
Instructions as follow:
• “Use this from as a guide when performing before and after operation inspections.
Check items that require servicing by maintenance”.
Vehicle trip ticket [section 3, 2302, p. 2-15]
Motor Vehicle Utilization Record
Used for each item of automotive equipment and trailers on a daily or trip basis.
Commonly called a trip ticket.
Official authorization to operate a vehicle, whether it is driven by the requester or driven by a
pool operator.
113.4 Describe the differences and uses of the following: [ref. b, ch. 3]
• Organizational maintenance [section 2, par. b, p. 3-6]
– Organizational maintenance is that maintenance which is the responsibility of, and
performed by, the operator, and scheduled preventive maintenance services performed
by trained personnel. Organizational maintenance consists of proper equipment
operation, safety and serviceability inspections, lubrication, minor adjustments and
services in accordance with the MRC.
 Corrective maintenance [section 2, par. c, p. 3-6]
– Corrective maintenance is that maintenance which is the responsibility of, and
performed in, any designated maintenance shop. The extent of corrective maintenance
encompasses the removal, replacement, repair, alteration, calibration, modification,
and the rebuild and overhaul of individual assemblies, subassemblies and
components. Although the rebuild and overhaul of major assemblies is included, only
essential repairs shall be accomplished to ensure safe and serviceable equipment.
Equipment that requires extensive repairs or numerous assembly rebuilds will not be
repaired without prior approval by higher authority. Corrective maintenance requires a
higher degree of skill than organizational maintenance, and a larger assortment of
repair parts and more precision tools and test equipment.
 Depot maintenance [section 2, par. d, p. 3-7]
– Depot maintenance is that maintenance performed on equipment that requires major
overhaul or comprehensive restoration to a degree necessary to restore the entire unit
to a like-new condition.
113.5 Describe the contents of a NCF Mishap “Crash” package: [ref. b, ch. 2, section 3, 2301, par. b8,
p. 2-14]
• A “Mishap/Crash Package” will accompany all vehicles dispatched for operations. In it will be
the following information, at a minimum. Local laws may require more.
• (a) Standard Form 91.
• (b) DD 518.
• (c) Detailed instructions on what to do in case of an accident, to include:
• Steps to take at an accident scene.
• List of battalion and local emergency services phone numbers.
• Local information (Translation documents).
• Instructions on how to fill out the SF91 and DD518.
• Maps and or route instructions (as applicable).
• Procedures for HAZMAT spills.
118
COMMON CORE
113
113 CIVIL ENGINEER SUPPORT EQUIPMENT (CESE) FUNDAMENTALS (CON’T)
113.6 State the NCF/SOU requirement for government licenses. [ref. a, ch. 3, p. 3-33; ref. b, ch. 2,
sec. 5, p. 2-36]
The OF/346 is the standard driver’s license for government
vehicles
Special Note: In the interest of personnel safety, when an individual’s state license is revoked,
the OF-346, as well as the Construction license, 11260/2 shall be revoked.
The 11260 2 is the Equipment Operators license. Commonly referred to as a “heavy” license.
119
COMMON CORE
113
113 CIVIL ENGINEER SUPPORT EQUIPMENT (CESE) FUNDAMENTALS (CON’T)
113.7 Discuss issuing, stowing and types of Collateral Equipage. [ref. b, ch. 2, section 4, p. 2-25 thru
2-29]
Attachments are properly stowed on a hard surface (for example, concrete pad, matting) to
keep items out of sand, mud and water, and to allow drainage of rainwater. These attachments
and accessories are inspected for accountability, proper stowage and preservation on a
regular basis. Stowage is accomplished in the following manner:
• (1) Cables, sheaves, bolt threads, and so forth, are lubricated and preserved as required to
ensure they remain in serviceable operating condition.
• (2) Nuts are screwed onto the corresponding bolts and located in their respective holes when
possible.
• (3) Boom pendants are attached to the boom extensions cables are coiled and attached to
clamshell buckets to minimize loss and to expedite changeover from one operation to another.
• (4) Attachment accessories, for example lagging, bucket teeth, chain, sprockets, and wedges,
are placed in a box or on pallets and marked for the appropriate attachments.
• (5) Exposed machined surfaces and open parts are preserved to prevent oxidation and
damage while in stowage.
• (6) Hydraulic lines and fittings are sealed to prevent dirt and moisture from accumulating in the
hydraulic system.
• (7) All attachments belonging to one USN number shall be towed together.
Component collateral equipment
Consists of items such as hoses for pumps and bits for earth augers. These items are
normally procured on the same contract as the basic machine. The equipment history jacket
should contain a list of the amount and types of component collateral equipment. The Navy
rarely procures all collateral equipment available for any particular machine. Activities unable
to determine the correct collateral equipment for an item of CESE should request assistance
from the respective Regimental Equipment Office.
•
120
COMMON CORE
113
113 CIVIL ENGINEER SUPPORT EQUIPMENT (CESE) FUNDAMENTALS (CON’T)
113.8 Discuss the responsibilities of the following CESE management positions. [ref. b, ch. 1]
Alfa Company Commander - A6. [pg. 1-1]
• The ALFA Company Commander serves in five major capacities: Company Commander for
the military organization; Staff Equipment Officer; Crane Certifying Officer; Officer in Charge of
Construction (Horizontal); and Department Head in the 3-M organization. The Company
Commander’s principal responsibility is to ensure accomplishment of the construction work
assigned to ALFA Company, and to ensure the proper use and maintenance of the
automotive, construction and material handling equipment (MHE) and weight handling
equipment (WHE) assigned to the battalion. As Company Commander, the A6 directs ALFA
Company military and disaster control training and operations.
Alfa Company Maintenance Supervisor - A4. [pg. 1-4]
• The ALFA Company Maintenance Supervisor/Division Maintenance Chief is normally a
Construction Mechanic Senior Chief (CMCS) and will have successfully completed 3-M PQS
up to 304. The A4 is tasked with ensuring proper 3-M maintenance and repair of all
automotive, construction, and material and weight handling equipment assigned to the
NMCB/Unit.
Alfa Company Operations Supervisor - A3. [pg. 1-2]
• The Operations Supervisor/Division Operations Chief is normally an Equipment Operator
Senior Chief (EOCS), and will have successfully completed the 3-M program PQS 304. The
A3 has the responsibility to coordinate equipment requirements for projects, review plans,
specifications and estimates and is designated as the Crane Test Director. Enforce the
policies of the ALFA Company Commander as they pertain to construction projects and
utilization of assigned equipment. These duties are performed with the concurrence of the
Assistant ALFA Company Commander and project officers.
113.9 Describe the difference between Class A, B and C assigned vehicles. [ref. b, ch. 2, p. 2-4]
•
•
•
Class A - This category is the full-time assignment of a vehicle to an individual. Class "A"
continuing dispatch can only be authorized by the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO).
Class B - The Equipment Officer must approve all Class "B" vehicle assignments. Class "B"
vehicles will have trip tickets renewed on a weekly basis. Class "B" vehicle use shall be
continuously reviewed to ensure that the vehicles are not being used just for convenience, but
are required to conduct official business. Class "B" assigned vehicles will not exceed five
percent of the active assigned CESE to include GSA Vehicles.
Class C - All CESE not dispatched under Class "A" or "B" shall be assigned as pool vehicles.
Vehicle pools provide Operations maximum control over equipment and ensure efficient and
economical vehicle use. Class "C" vehicles are dispatched on an as-needed basis for
authorized daily or individual trips. Sub-pools or auxiliary parking areas should be established
when necessary.
121
NMCB SPECIFIC
101
101 GENERAL SAFETY FUNDAMENTALS
References:
[a] OPNAVINST 3500.39B, Operational Risk Management
[b] OPNAVINST 5100.23G, Navy Safety and Occupational H Occupational Safety and Health
((NAVSOHOSH) Program Manual
101.1 Discuss the concept of ORM. [ref. a, encl. 1, p. 1]
• ORM is a decision making process that enhances operational capability. Naval Warfare
Publication 1 states, "Risk management and risk assessment are formal, essential tools of
operational planning. Sound decision making requires the use of these tools both in battle and
in training." ORM, described in enclosure (1), is a method for identifying hazards, assessing
risks and implementing controls to reduce the risk associated with any operation.
101.2 Explain the following as they apply to ORM: [ref. a, encl. 1, p. 2]
•
•
•
•
•
Identifying hazards - Begin with an outline or chart of the major steps in the operation
(operational analysis). Next, conduct a Preliminary Hazard Analysis by listing all of the hazards
associated with each step in the operational analysis along with possible causes for those
hazards.
Assessing hazards -For each hazard identified, determine the associated degree of risk in
terms of probability and severity.
Making Risk decisions - First, develop risk control options. Start with the most serious risk first
and select controls that will reduce the risk to a minimum consistent with mission
accomplishment. With selected controls in place, decide if the benefit of the operation
outweighs the risk. If risk outweighs benefit or if assistance is required to implement controls,
communicate with higher authority in the chain of command.
Implementing controls - The following measures can be used to eliminate hazards or reduce
the degree of risk. These are listed by order of preference:
• Administrative Controls - Controls that reduce risks through specific
administrative actions, such as:
– Providing suitable warnings, markings, placards, signs, and notices.
– Establishing written policies, programs instructions and standard
operating procedures (SOP).
– Training personnel to recognize hazards and take appropriate
precautionary measures.
– Limiting the exposure to a hazard (either by reducing the number of
personnel/assets or the length of time they are exposed).
• Engineering Controls - Controls that use engineering methods to reduce risks
by design, material selection or substitution when technically or economically
feasible.
• Personal Protective Equipment - Serves as a barrier between personnel and a
hazard. It should be used when other controls do not reduce the hazard to an
acceptable level. I
• Implementing controls
– Implement Controls - Supervising
Supervise - Conduct follow-up evaluations of the controls to ensure they remain in place and
have the desired effect. Monitor for changes, which may require further ORM. Take corrective
action when necessary.
1
NMCB SPECIFIC
101
101 GENERAL SAFETY FUNDAMENTALS (CONT’D)
101.3 Explain in detail how commands shall minimize hazards in the workplace. [ref. b, ch. 5, pp. 5-1
thru 5-4]
• To minimize hazards in the workplace, commands shall identify hazardous conditions through
workplace inspections, employee hazard reports, and industrial hygiene survey reports.
• They shall promptly eliminate or control all indentified safety and health hazards, subject to
priorities based upon the degree of risk posed by the hazards under the guidance of Hazard
Abatement (HA) Program.
101.4 Name eight specific individuals or job positions that require CPR qualifications. [ref. b, ch, 6, pp.
6-4 thru 6-5]
• Emergency response team
• Fire department personnel
• Security Personnel
• Medical Provider(s)
• Safety and industrial hygiene personnel
• Electrical power plant, power distribution, electrical and electronics personnel
• Supervisors of above personnel or of personnel whose jobs pose comparable risks or risk of
severe injury
• Personnel whose jobs pose comparable risks, risk or severe injury and work at remote sites.
2
NMCB SPECIFIC
102
102 ADMINISTRATIVE/COMMAND & CONTROL FUNDAMENTALS
References:
[a] NWP 4-04.1, U.S. Navy, Seabee Operations in the MAGTF
[b] NAVEDTRA 14235, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 2
[c] 1NCD TACMEMO 4-01.01-07
[d] Blue Jackets’ Manual, 23rd Edition
[e] NAVFAC P-315, Naval Construction Force Manual
102.1 Discuss the function and organization of the following companies within the battalion: [ref e, ch.
8)
• a. Alfa [p. 6-9] - Is responsible for the operation and maintenance of the automotive,
construction and materials-handling equipment assigned to the battalion.
• Bravo [p. 10-12] - Is responsible for water, sanitary sewer, and power distribution systems, fuel
systems, and communications projects. Bravo company serves as a mini public works
department providing for maintenance and operation of the unit’s camp.
• Charlie/Delta [p. 12-14] - Are the NMCB's general construction company. Responsible for
prime contracts and an occasional subcontract; normally equal in strength and capabilities;
they function as prime contractors for vertical construction.
• Headquarters [p. 5-6] - Is the administrative and military organization for all enlisted personnel
assigned to the NMCB's executive and special staffs. The Headquarters Company provides
support to the line companies in construction and disaster recovery operations
102.2 Describe the mission of Convoy Security Element (CSE). [ref. c] - The CSE team is tasked with
the safe movement of convoys to and from their missions
102.3 State the purpose of and describe the following:
•
•
•
•
Combat Operation Center (COC) [ref. b, pp. 1-6 thru 1-16] - The COC is used to maintain
command and control of battalion in tactical environment Manned by watch standers at CBR,
Operations, and Fire Support Coordinator board, plus communicators and watch officer
Alternate Combat Operation Center (ACOC) [ref. b, p. 1-8] - Alternate COC--requires same
information and set-up as COC; assumes control of battalion if COC is destroyed
Company Command Post (CP) [ref. a, ch. 5] - The CP is capable of collecting, processing,
displaying, evaluating, and disseminating tactical information that is in its AOR to the COC and
is manned by a watch stander and a member of the Company’s senior leadership.
Air Detachment (AIRDET) [ref. a, pp. 2-10 thru 2-11] - NMCB Rapid Response Force, 89
personnel, 35-45 pieces of CESE, but usually task organized, Ready to fly in 48 hours from
receipt of a warning order, Can accomplish all missions of a battalion, but on a smaller scale.
102.4 Identify and explain the purpose of the following ratings in a Naval Mobile Construction
Battalion (NMCB). [ref. d, pp. 23 thru 35]
• BM: Boatswain’s Mate, Typically a Chief who is the CMAA and responsible for the
quarterdeck, security, and drug testing within the command.
• LS: Logistics Specialist, manages the Battalions TOA
• CS: Culinary Specialist, operates the command mess during deployment and works in the
general mess during homeport.
• LN: Legalman, the command liaison for military legal matters.
• MR: Machinery Repairman, assigned to A Co for the repair and manufacture of metalwork.
• MA: Master at Arms, performs security, quarterdeck watch, and assists CMAA.
• NC: Career Counselor, assists Seabees with career goals/decisions.
3
NMCB SPECIFIC
102
102 ADMINISTRATIVE/COMMAND & CONTROL FUNDAMENTALS (CONT’D)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
HM: Hospital Corpsman, provides basic medical care and administratively assists the Battalion
Medical Officer in the performance of the mission.
MC: Photographer, photographically records the history of the Battalion and assists the PAO in
developing media coverage of the Battalion.
IS: Analyzing intelligence information; identifying and producing intelligence from raw
information
PS: Personnelman, maintains the enlisted service records and assists personnel on
administrative issues. Assists Battalion personnel with official military pay issues.
YN: Yeoman, administrative assistant to senior Officers.
ET: Electronics Technician, repair and maintain communication equipment.
GM: Gunners Mate, Maintains the Battalion Armory and performs weapon repairs.
IT: Information Technician, maintains and operates the Battalion’s computer assets.
4
NMCB SPECIFIC
103
103 SUPPLY/LOGISTICS FUNDAMENTALS
References:
[a] ABFC View
[b] COMFIRSTNCDINST 4400.3A Seabee Supply Manual (Dec 2007)
[c] NAVFACINST 4423.1H, Navy Expeditionary Table of Allowance (TOA) and Advance Base
Functional Component (ABFC Development and modification policy and processes
103.1 Name the 7 Sub-Components of the NMCB Table of Allowance (TOA) [ref. a]
• P25CC – Command & Control
• P25EM – Equipment Maintenance Module
• P25FIE – Fly in Echelon
• P25SC1 – Construction Module
• P25SC2 – Construction Module
• P25SC3 – Construction Module
• P25SS – Seabee Sustainment Module
103.2 Describe the duties and responsibilities of the Material Liaison Officer (MLO) within the battalion
organization. [ref. b, p. 1-10]
• The MLO Officer is responsible for procuring, receiving, stowing, issuing, shipping,
transferring, and accounting for all construction project materials
• Is also responsible for maintaining related inventory, accountability, financial records, and files.
103.3 Describe the procedures for issuing project material from the MLO office. [ref. b, pp. 6-2 thru 63]
• All material is requisitioned from the MLO on a 1250-1
• Personnel must give the MLO the 1250s in advance so the MLO can process the paperwork,
draw the materials out of storage, and prepare it for pick-up or delivery to the job site
103.4 Describe the procedures for conducting physical inventories. [ref. b, pp. 6-3 thru 6-4]
• Baseline Inventory: Each Echelon V Commander will maintain a Baseline inventory for each
TOA under its cognizance as defined in reference (a). The Baseline inventory will be
established at the completion of an Integrated Logistics Overhaul using data provided by
Naval Facilities Engineering Logistic Center (NFELC) as verified by the receiving unit and the
cognizant Echelon V Commander.
103.5 Describe the procedures for requesting changes to approved TOAs. [ref. c, pp. 9 thru 11]
• An ACR (NAVSUP 1220-2) is used to change the quantity on an allowance list. Typical
reasons for an ACR include:
– material failure rates other than expected
– New operating areas or conditions
– Mission assignments require additional support
– Technical improvements in equipment, systems or repair parts that can provide
additional capabilities
• An ACR is submitted through the 3M organization to Navy Inventory Control Point (NAVICP)
• Before submitting an ACR, ensure that a similar request has not been previously denied.
5
NMCB SPECIFIC
104
104 COMMS/ COMMS SECURITY MATERIAL SYSTEM FUNDAMENTALS
References:
[a] Construction Battle Skills Guide, P-1160, Book 1, All Hands
[b] NAVEDTRA 14235, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1
[c] COMFIRSTNCDINST 2000.2 COMMUNICATIONS INFORMATION SYSTEMS POLICY AND
PROCEDURES (DECEMBER 2009)
[d] S-710-0811 Field Communications TG
[e] MCWP 3-40.3 Communications and Information Systems
[f] http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=43066
[g] NTP 4 (E)
104.1 Describe the purpose of the RDSAT and how it applies to the NCF. [ref. f; ref. Unit
Communication Dept.]
• The RDSAT (Rugged Deployable Satellite Terminal) is a tactical Super High Frequency (SHF)
digital communications system cable of up to 20MBS of secure data
• Used to provide long distance NIPR/SIPR and voice over IP (VOIP) access to the battalions
and regiments while in a field environment
104.2. Discuss the general characteristics and implementation of the following wire communication
assets: [ref. d]
TA-312/PT [p. 3-6-1] .
• Two or Four wire tactical phone
• Ties into multiple different switchboards
• Capable of running off either 2 C cell batteries, or remote power off of the SB-3614
switchboard
• Acts like a standard touch tone phone
TA-838/PT [p.3-7-1]
• 2 wire tactical phone
• Talks up to 14 miles wet, up to 22 miles dry
• Operates on 2 “D” cells
• Press to talk handset
• Hand crank to call distant stations
• Talk 4 miles in ear piece with dead batteries
AN/GRA-39 [pp. 4-5-1 thru 4-5-6]
• Provides capability to remote operator up to 2 miles from the radio set (antenna farm)
• Power source- 12 d-cell batteries.
• Remote unit (locate in COC/CP)
• Local unit (locate in ant farm)
SB-22 [p.3-8-1]
• 12 line switchboard
• Operator uses headset
• Hand ringing generator
• Can interconnect calls
• 29 line packs when stacked (2)
• Uses 4 “D” cell batteries when used with operator pack
• Audio/visual call indicator
Consist of four basic parts.
• The Operators Pack
• The Line and Trunk Pack
• The Accessory Kits
• The Handset-Headset
6
NMCB SPECIFIC
104
104 COMMS/ COMMS SECURITY MATERIAL SYSTEM FUNDAMENTALS (CONT’D)
104.3 Discuss the general use of the Tactical Data Network (TDN). [ref. e, ch. 5, p. 5-23
• The Tactical Data Network, or TDN is a server/router based communications subsystem
capable of routing into multiple different systems.
• Can tie into RDSAT for expedient field network communications
• Provides outlook email, NIPR and SIPR services to multiple client systems in a tactical field
environment
104.4 Discuss the tactical employment and purpose of NMCB communication. [ref. c, ch. 5, p. 5-1]
• The purpose of the NMCB communications system is to provide real time, accurate command
and control (C2) capabilities, intel, and other vital information to the warfighter on the ground
via voice or digital means.
104.5 Explain the scope of the CIS (Communication and Information Security) Program?
[ref. c, pp. 1-1 thru 1-3]
• The CIS program is designed to applies uniform, consistent policies and procedures to the
classification, safeguarding, transmission, replication, distribution, and destruction of classified
information.
104.6 Explain the proper equipment check-out procedures as it applies to CIS (Communications and
Information Systems) [ref. c, pp. 6-6 thru 6-7]
• When equipment is checked out, an ECR (Equipment Custody Receipt) will be used
• In the case of EKMS/CCI material, an SF-153 form will be used vice the ECR card
• All personnel checking out CCI equipment must be on the Authorized User List with the
appropriate EKMS qualification
104.7. Describe the proper handling storage and disposal of Lithium Batteries. [ref. c, pp. 2-7 thru 2-9]
• Lithium batteries will be stored in a well ventilated, metal container in an area which the
temperature does not reach 130F
• FLAMABLE SOLID and NO SMOKING will be posted on the container
• Will not be stored on the same shelf/box with non-lithium batteries
• Dispose in accordance with proper HAZMAT procedures for your area
104.8. Describe the function of the following communications services and equipment. [ref. g]
• NIPRNET [ch. 2, p. 2-38] Non-secure IP Routing Network, aka standard internet/email
• SIPRNET [ch. 2, p. 2-38] Secure IP Routing Network, aka the classified secret internet/email
• CENTRIX [ch. 7, p. 7-6] Combined Enterprise Regional Information eXchange, we use it to
pass intel with allied nations
• VOIP [ch2, p. 2-63] Voice over IP, aka SKYPE/VONAGE type systems
• Iridium Phones [ch. 5, p. 5-37] handheld satellite cellular phone
• Video Teleconference (VTC) [ch. 2, pp. 2-64 thru 2-65] A real time video chat system,
used for briefings and meetings from remote locations/ships
7
NMCB SPECIFIC
105
105 WEAPON FUNDAMENTALS
References:
[a] NAVEDTRA 14234, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1
[b] TM 9-1005-319-23 & P Technical Maintenance Manual
[c] ABFC View P-25, (https://abcfview.navfac.navy.mil)
The following items apply to the 84mm M136 (AT-4):
105.1 Describe the 84mm M136 (AT-4). [ref. a, p. 14-20]
• Lightweight, Self contained anti-armor weapon, Man-portable, Right shoulder fired only
• Free flight fin stabilized cartridge packed in an expendable launcher
• One piece
105.2 Describe the different firing positions. [ref. a, pp. 14-30 thru 14-32]
• Standing
– Used when firing on moving or stationary targets from behind a protective barrier such
as a wall or barricade. Most unstable and exposed position
• Kneeling
– Used for firing on moving or stationary targets. Maximum use of support is essential
for stability
• Sitting
– Used for firing on stationary targets. More suitable than kneeling position
• Prone
– The least stable position. Affords the most protection
– The danger area extends for 60 meters with a 90 degree angle behind the weapon
– The weapon must not have any obstructions closer than 5 meters to the rear of the
weapon
105.3 State the following capabilities/nomenclature: [ref. a]
a. Length [p. 14-21] – 40”
b. Weight [p. 14-21] – 14.8 lbs
c. Maximum range [p. 14-21] – 2100 meters
d. Maximum effective range [p. 14-21] – 300 meters
e. Controls [p. 14-22]
– Transport Safety Pin: Blocks the movement of the firing pin and prevents it from
striking the cartridge percussion cap
– Cocking lever: When the cocking lever is in the SAGE position, there is no contact
between the firing rod and the trigger.
– Forward Safety: Prevents the firing rod from striking the firing pin.
f. Ammunition [p. 14-22] Tactical cartridge, 18” long, high explosive, anti-tank (HEAT)
g. Misfire procedures [pp. 14-26 thru 14-27]
– Causes
• A complete failure to fire caused by a faulty firing mechanism or faulty element
in the propellant charge.
– Action
• Shout “misfire”
• Maintain sight picture
• Release safety catch
• Re-cock the weapon
8
NMCB SPECIFIC
105
105 WEAPON FUNDAMENTALS (CONT’D)_
Check back blast area and attempt to fire
Repeat if necessary
If still fails, release safety catch and return cocking lever to the safe position
Reinsert the transport safety pin, lay weapon on the ground and notify chain of
command.
h. Minimum arming range [p. 14-21] – 10 meters
i. Safety [pp.14-32 thru, 14-33]
• Take care in selecting positions for firing. Avoid areas that could cause you to fire through a
screen of brush or trees
– Impact with a twig or branch may deflect the rocket or cause it to detonate
– You must try to obtain concealment, but not at risk of safety
– To prevent the rocket from striking the fore ground and causing serious injury to
personnel, maintain the launcher in the firing position until the rocket has left the
launcher
– Avoid the blast of flame and ejected residue to the rear of the launcher
– Remove flammable material, such as dry vegetation, from the back blast area
– Keep personnel and ammunition clear of the rear danger area unless adequate shelter
protection is provided
– Sand or loose dirt in the back blast area can also reveal your position to the enemy.
– Do not fire rockets at temperatures below 40F or above 140F
– Never fire a damaged weapon
•
•
•
•
The following items apply to the M4:
105.4 Describe the characteristics of M4 rifle. [ref. b, p. 1-3]
• Light Weight
• Air-Cooled
• Gas-operated
• Magazine-fed
• Semiauto or burst fire
• Weight – 7lb 12oz loaded, 6lb 7oz unloaded
• Length – 33.0in (buttstock extended)
29.75in (buttstock closed)
105.5 Discuss loading/unloading procedures. [ref. b, p. 4-12]
• Loading
– Ensure weapon is on safe
– With the bolt locked to the rear, insert a magazine
– Release the bolt catch and allow the bolt to go forward. This chambers a round from
the magazine.
– The weapon is now loaded and in condition one.
• Un-loading
– Ensure the rifle is on safe
– After the last shot the bolt should lock to the rear. If so, just remove the magazine and
inspect the chamber.
– If the bolt does not lock to the rear, pull the charging handle rearward and lock the bolt
rearward using the bolt catch.
– Repeat the second step to complete the unloading process
9
NMCB SPECIFIC
105
105 WEAPON FUNDAMENTALS (CONT’D)
105.6 Describe and identify the parts and major groups within the M4 carbine. [ref. b, pp. 1-4.1 thru 15]
• Length – 33.0in (buttstock extended)
29.75in (buttstock closed)
• Weight – 7lb 12oz loaded, 6lb 7oz unloaded
•
Maximum range – 3600 Meters
• Maximum effective range
– (point target): 500 meters
– (area target): 600 meters
• Safeties
– The rifle will not fire when selector is in “safe” mode
• Magazine capacity
– 20 to 30 rounds depending on magazine
• Types of ammunition
– 5.56mm Ball- standard round
– 5.56mm Tracer- Used to mark targets or cause incendiary effects
– 5.56mm Blank- Training round
– 5.56mm Dummy- Totally inert for training
• Rates of fire
– Semi-automatic- 45 rounds per minute
– Automatic- 90 rounds per minute
– Sustained- 12 to 15 rounds per minute
105.7 State TOA weapons allotment for a NMCB: [ref. c]
• M2 - 6
• M240B – 16
• MK19 – 6
• M203 – 48
• M500 – 24
• M16 – 654
• M9 – 175
• M4 - 160
10
NMCB SPECIFIC
106
106 EMBARKATION FUNDAMENTALS
References:
[a] COMFIRSTNCDINST 3100.1, Movement Control Center
[b] MCRP 4-11.3H, Convoy Tactical Operations
[c] AMC Pamphlet 36-101, Vol. I, AMC Affiliation Program Equipment Preparation Course
[d] JP4-01.3 Joint Tactics, Techniques and Procedures for Movement
106.1 Explain the operations of the battalion Movement Control Center (MCC). [ref. a,
p. 3-1]
• Operations
• The Movement Control Center controls, coordinates, and monitors the movement of all
personnel, supplies, and equipment to the embarkation staging area
106.2 Discuss who is responsible for the operation of the battalion MCC. [ref. a, p 3-1]
• The XO is responsible of the operations in MCC
• MCC controls, coordinates, and monitors the movement of all personnel, supplies, and
equipment to an embarkation staging area.
106.3 State the purpose and the function of Unit Movement Control Center (UMCC). [ref. d, ch. 3, p.
10]
• A temporary organization activated by major subordinate commands and subordinate units
during deployment:
• Ensures units are prepared for embarkation and coordinate movement of forces.
• Direct unit marshalling.
• Coordinate movement assets.
• Identify and coordinate with the next higher MCC for additional support requirements beyond
organizational capabilities.
• Deconflict competing movement requirements within the organization.
106.4 Describe the duties and responsibilities of the following key Embark personnel. [ref a. pp. 2-3
thru 2-4]
Embark Officer – An officer on the staff of units of the landing force who advises the
commander thereof on matters pertaining to embarkation planning and loading.
Embark Chief – Has lead in movement ops that are in direct support of their COCOM and
supports movement ops manager when supporting other COCOM’s
Embark LPO - Assist the movement ops manager or the NCR embark Chief Petty Officer in
all movement ops.
106.5 Explain the procedures to calculate the center of balance for Civil Engineer Support Equipment
(CESE). [ref. c, pp. 4-6 thru 4-24]
• WEIGH ALL AXLES (COMBINED WEIGHT OF AXLE), ESTABLISH A RDL (REFERENCE
DATUM LINE) AT THE FRONT AXLE, MEASURE DISTANCE FROM RDL TO ALL AXLES
(TO CENTER OF DUAL AXLES), COMPUTE MOMENTS FOR ALL AXLES OR COMBINED
AXLES, DIVIDE TOTAL MOMENTS BY TOTAL WEIGHT TO DETERMINE CB.
11
NMCB SPECIFIC
106
106 EMBARKATION FUNDAMENTALS (CONT’D)
EXAMPLE: WEIGHT x DISTANCE = MOMENT
• (A 2 ½ TON TRUCK WITH TRAILER)
• FRONT AXLE: 5,750 LBS
x
0”
=
0
• REAR AXLE: 7,894 LBS
x
154” =
1,215,676
• TRI-AXLE: 2,668 LBS x
336” =
896,448
•
• TOTAL:
16,312 LBS
2,112,124
• 2,112,124 DIVIDED BY 16,312 = 129.4 = 129 (ROUND TO NEAREST WHOLE INCH)
• THE CB FOR THE COMBINED LOAD IS 129 INCHES AFT OF THE FRONT AXLE.
106.6 Explain the four types of shoring used during embarkation operations. [ref. c, ch. 6]
• Sleeper [pp. 6-6 thru 6-7] - Use sleeper shoring under the frame or axles of vehicles that
weigh over 20,000 pounds are are equipped with soft, low pressure, balloon-type, off road
tires. Sleeper – prevents vehicle from bouncing up and down
• Rolling [p. 6-3] - Use rolling shoring to protect the aircraft parking ramp, and the cargo floor
and loading ramps of cargo airplanes from damage when transporting a vehicle across it
• Parking [pp. 6-4 thru 6-6] - Use parking to protect the aircraft floor or ramps from contact
such as blades, buckets, fork-lift tines, steel wheels, trailer tongue support.
• Approaching [p. 6-8] - Use approach shoring to decrease the approach angle of aircraft
loading ramps. This is because some items of cargo will strike the aircraft or ground due to
loading/offloading operations.
106.7 Describe movement formations and techniques of a convoy. [ref b, pp. iii-3 thru iii-15]
• Three Divisions
– March Column
•
Composed of entire convoy
•
Convoy Commander in charge
– Serial Column
• Limited to 20 vehicles
– Unit Column
• Limited to 10 vehicles or less
• Road Routes
– Green
•
relatively safe from hostile activity
– Yellow
• subject to limited activity
– Red
• hostile activity is imminent
• Rules of the Road
– 30 mph on open road
– 100 ft interval between vehicles
– Speed determined by slowest vehicle in convoy
12
NMCB SPECIFIC
106
106 EMBARKATION FUNDAMENTALS (CONT’D)
106.8 Identify and explain the elements of a convoy organization. [ref. b, pp. i-9 thru i-16]
• Convoy Commander
– initiates, issues and enforces march orders
– supervises movement
• Serial Commander
– In charge of 20 vehicles
– Supervises serial
– Answers to Convoy Commander
• Advance Officer
– Precedes the column
– Recons the route and selects alternate routes
– Notifies proper authorities
– Post traffic control personnel
• Trail Officer
– Post warning flags
– prevent interference
– enforce convoy discipline
– collects traffic control personnel
• Unit Commander
– Responsible for 10 units of CESE
• Maintenance Officer
– Rides at rear of convoy
– Responsible for CESE maintenance
• Vehicle Commander
– Usually a Petty Officer in charge of all vehicles carrying troops
• Pace Setter
– Usually a Petty Officer stationed in lead vehicle.
• Guides
– Personnel posted at critical intersections when on non-tactical convoys
• Escorts
– Military Police or other personnel for a non-tactical movement
– During tactical movements, the escorts may be armed guards, armed aircraft, infantry,
armored units, or other units as required to protect or accompany the convoy.
106.9 Identify planning requirements for vehicle convoys. [ref. b, p. i-6]
* The first step in a safe convoy is careful and thorough planning. To begin planning a convoy, a few
key pieces of information are needed. Among these are:
Time the event host needs the vehicles to arrive.
Number of vehicles expected for convoy.
Size (weight, height, width) of largest vehicle expected.
Cruising speeds of the various vehicles.
Un-refueled range of the various vehicles.
106.10 Describe vehicle convoy logistics and security requirements. [ref. b, pp.i-15 thru ii-4]
Vehicle Configuration
a. Hardening Vehicles. Use Kevlar blankets, armor plating, ballistic glass, and other protective devices
(i.e., sand bags).
(1) Makes certain vehicle components less vulnerable.
(2) Significantly protects occupants from injury or death in the case of attack.
13
NMCB SPECIFIC
106
106 EMBARKATION FUNDAMENTALS (CONT’D)
b. Camouflage and Concealment.
(1) Camouflage or cover shiny surfaces.
(2) Paint vehicles in a pattern to blend in with the terrain and break the outline.
(3) Train operators to look for other means of concealment to break the outline of the vehicle.
(4) Don’t run lights during a daytime convoy as this can easily identify you as US forces.
(5) Tape over running lights and front lights to reduce profile.
Convoy Communication
a. Primary means of communication with movement control, air support, and within the convoy is by
radio. Radios must be secure-capable communications means.
b. There are three types of communications to be considered:
(1) Vehicle internal.
(2) Vehicle to vehicle.
(3) External to convoy.
c. Alternate communications techniques within the convoy (e.g., hand signals, pyrotechnics, vehicle
signals, etc.). Techniques must be covered by the CC during the convoy briefing and rehearsals.
d. Strive to have a minimum of two GPS navigation and messaging systems within each convoy.
e. CC and ACC must know theater-level convoy channel to coordinate with battalion-level command
posts that monitor and can assist with QRF. They must also know the emergency frequencies for
MEDEVAC and air support along the route and brief this information to the drivers. Most USAF aircraft
are not single-channel ground and airborne radio system (SINCGARS) capable, with the exception of
Joint Surveillance Target Attack Radar System (JSTARS) and some special operations aircraft.
Ensure CSE team is briefed on routes and hostile contacts.
14
NMCB SPECIFIC
107
107 CONTINGENCY OPERATIONS FUNDAMENTALS
References:
[a] COMSECONDNCB/COMTHIRDNCBINST 3300.1, Rapid Runway Repair
[b] NAVFACINST 4423.1H, ABFC View Program,
[c] NAVEDTRA 14279, Utilitiesman Basic Vol. 2, p 2-21
[d] FM 5-277, Bailey Bridge
[e] TM-08676A-23/2, Medium Girder Bridge, Marine Corps
[f] AFMAN 10-219, Vol. 4, Rapid Runway Repair Operations
[g] NAVEDTRA 14081, Equipment Operator, Basic
[h] UFC 3-270-07 Unified Facilities Criteria O&M Airfield Damage Repair
[i] CIN-710-1023, Airfield Damage Repair Crew Training Guide,
[j] Mabey Johnson User Manual
[k] Training Guide for Command Post Bunker S-710-1017
107.1 Describe the duties and responsibilities of the following Rapid Runway Repair (RRR) / Airfield
Damage Repair (ADR) teams and state what type of equipment is necessary to perform their mission
under Battle Damage Repair (BDR)/RRR. [ref. a, ch. III]
• MOS [Annex C, pg. 3-C-1 and 3-C-2] - The minimum operating strip is the smallest section of
the runway required for launching and recovering an aircraft. Based upon the damage
assessment data reported after an attack of the air base, the RRR command center must
determine the locations of potential MOSs and estimate which one would require the lease
apparent amount of time and effort to repair. The RRR command center may recommend
possible MOS location alternatives to Station command center, but the Station command
center will determine its final location.
• DAT [Annex B, pg. 3-B-1] - Damage Assessment Priorities – The Station BDR/RRR plan
should provide the damage assessment priority of the various Station facilities. The Battalion
should integrate those priorities in its RRR plan and DAT assignments.
- Runways and taxiways, aircraft maintenance facilities, aircraft parking, loading, and refueling
areas. In these areas, all craters, spalls, and UXO must be reported.
- Station command and control, and communication facilities.
- Key utility substations or facilities.
- Medial and decontamination facilities.
- POL storage and pumping facilities
• Crater/Spall [Annexes E, F, pp.. 3-E-1, 3-F-1] - Crater repairs consist of clearing debris from
the crater, removing damaged pavement, backfilling the crater and installing Foreign Object
Damage (FOD) cover. The debris clearing, pavement removal, and backfilling procedures are
generally the same regardless of the FOD cover utilized.
Spall – combination for rapid setting cements and pea grave. The recommended types of
rapid setting cements are regulated set cement (Ideal Cement Company’s REG SET), or a
magnesium phosphate cement (such as SET 45), or a high early strength type cement (such
as PYRAMENT)
107.2 Describe the following methods of RRR / ADR:
•
Folded Fiberglass Matting (FFM) [ref. f, par. 5.8.2, p. 81] [ref. k, p. 2-15] - This procedure,
which is currently the primary MOS repair method, involves the installation of an anchored
FFM over a crater which was prepared with a layer of well-compacted crushed stone. Crater
preparation is essentially identical to that used with the AM-2 matting system. Again, this is the
principle method of RRR employed for MOS repairs at overseas MOBs (figure 5.4). Procedural
details regarding FFM installation are provided in Technical Manual T.O. 35E2-3-1.
15
NMCB SPECIFIC
107
107 CONTINGENCY OPERATIONS FUNDAMENTALS (CONT’D)
•
•
•
•
AM-2 aluminum matting [ref. f, p. 5.8.1, p. 81] [ref. h. p. 2-18] AM-2 aluminum matting is
hand-assembled and anchored over the crater which was prepared with a layer of crushed
stone. This repair surface is the most manpower intensive of the two primary RRR techniques
Crushed stone repair [ref. a, Annex E, ch. 3, par. 2, p. 3-E-1] - The specific actions which
must be accomplished during the crater preparation phase of the crater repair are:
• Clearing debris from the crater diameter perimeter.
• Determining the actual crater diameter versus the apparent crater diameter, i.e.,
the extent of crater pavement damage/upheaval.
• Removing the upheaved pavement.
• Removing large ejecta from inside the crater, as required.
• Backfilling the crater with ballast rock, fill, or clean ejecta.
• Backfilling the crater with crushed stone.
• Compaction of the crushed stone.
• Installing FOD cover.
Crete mobile [ref. g, ch. 14, pp. 14-3, 14-4] - The trailer-mounted crete mobile carries the
cement, sand, and coarse aggregates in divided bins, mounted on the unit. The cement is
carried in a separate bin, located across the rear of the unit, and the sand and aggregate are
carried on each side of the unit. Water is carried in a single tank, mounted in front of the
aggregate bins, and is pumped to the mix auger. Sand and aggregates are proportioned
accurately by weight or volume and dropped simultaneously with a mixture of cement from the
material feed system into the charging end of the mix auger/conveyor at the rear of the unit. At
this point, a predetermined amount of water enters the mix auger. This action of the combined
auger and paddle homogenizer mixes the ingredients and water rapidly, thoroughly, and
continuously to produce a continuous flow of uniformed quality concrete.
– The mixing action is a continuous process that can proceed until the aggregate bins
are empty. On the other hand, mixing and delivery may be stopped at any time and
then started again at the will of the operator. This permits production to be balanced to
the demands of the placing and finishing crews and other job requirements.
Pave Mend [ref. i, ch. 2, p. 2-1-20] Pavemend is a cementitious, rapid setting, semi-leveling
structural repair mortar, ideal for rapid repair of roads and bridges, airport runways
107.3 Explain the fundamentals of a typical battalion tent camp layout. [ref. b, High-res camp layout,
DWG 6028038]
• Tactical
– sufficient space for command dispersion
– concealment from ground and air observation
– protection from bombing and strafing attacks
– protection from mechanized attack
• Sanitary
– water supply
– drainage
– shade
– access
– site not occupied by other units in last 2 months
• Latrines must be 100 yards from the nearest natural water source and food service areas.
The site should be reasonably near the user, but 50 feet from sleeping areas.
• Garbage is the solid or semisolid wet and dry wastes resulting from the preparation, cooking,
and serving of food. Garbage has to be removed from the mess area before it causes bad
odors or attracts rats and flies.
16
NMCB SPECIFIC
107
107 CONTINGENCY OPERATIONS FUNDAMENTALS (CONT’D)
•
•
•
•
The common method of garbage disposal is burial in a garbage pit.
A garbage pit should be a 4-foot square pit that is 4 feet deep.
It will service 100 people for 1 day.
A garbage pit must be at least 100 yards away from water supplies and 30 yards from messing
facilities
107.4 Explain the purpose of maintaining operator logs for generators and boilers [ref. c, ch. 2, p. 221; ref. d, ch. 3, p. 3-21]
• Daily operators logs are kept on some equipment. The main purpose for using operating logs
is to continuously record data of equipment performance.
107.5 Discuss the following transportable bridges:
• Bailey [ref. d, p. 1-5]
– Through-type metal truss bridge with heavy timber decking, roadway carried between
two main girders
– Highly mobile and versatile bridge, can span a variety of gaps
– Transported in 5-ton dump and 40 ton trailer
– Quickly assembled by manpower, 30 – 40 personnel
– 12’6” wide, can span up to 210’
– Configuration
• Single / Single bridge, 100’
• Double / Single bridge 140’
• Double / Double bridge 180’
– Launched and de-launched via roller system
– Additional bays are added to counter balance during launching and de-launching
– Components
– Truss panel – form girder, 5’ x 10’ panel
– Transom – main support, 10” x 20’ flange beam
– Stringer – 10’ steel beam
– Chess – 2” x 8” x 14’ wood decking
– Rollers – launching & de-launching
– Bearing & base
– Ramps
– Various pins, clamps, braces, tie plates, bolts, jacks, and carrying bars and tongs
• Medium girder [ref. e, pp. 1-8 thru 1-13]
– MGB is a two girder deck bridge
• 111/106
– Launched and de-launched via roller system and 5 ton dump Three types of MGB’s
• Single story MGB
• Double story MGB
• Linked reinforced MGB
– Transported to site via 5 ton dump & 40 ton trailer
– Crew size 24 to 32 personnel
– Bridge is formed with 2 main girders from a number of panels pinned together
– Roadway is formed by hanging deck units between girders and connecting ramps at
each end
– 13’ 2” wide bridge used for light vehicle loads
17
NMCB SPECIFIC
107
107 CONTINGENCY OPERATIONS FUNDAMENTALS (CONT’D)
•
•
•
•
•
•
Mabey Johnson [ref. j]
o The LSB combines standard off the shelf equipment with a range of purpose designed
special equipment to meet the expectations of modern military loads and traffic
expectations.
o Panels —These are the main structural components of the bridge trusses. They are
welded items comprising top and bottom chords interconnected by vertical and
diagonal bracing. At the end of each panel, chords terminate in male lugs or eyes and
at the other end in female lugs or eyes. This allows panels to be pinned together to
form the bridge span. There are two different panels; a Super Panel and a High Shear
Super Panel. The High Shear Super Panel is used at each end of the bridge span
depending upon the loading criteria.
o Chord reinforcement —These are constructed in the same way as the chords of the
bridge panels and are bolted to the panels to increase the bending capacity of the
bridge. For the LSB a heavy chord reinforcement is used.
Transoms —These are fabricated from universal beams and form the cross girders of the
bridge, spanning between the panels and carrying the bridge deck. The transom is designed
for the appropriate loading criteria and for LSB is designed to accommodate MLC80T/110W.
Decks —Unlike wooden Bailey decks, the steel LSB decks are 1.05m x 3.05m and are
manufactured using robotic welding technology. The decks are manufactured to have a long
fatigue life and with durbar/checkered plate finish. The decks withstand both wheeled and
tracked vehicles.
Bracing —A variety of bracing members are used to connect panels to form the bridge
trusses and to brace adjacent transoms to the bridge.
Grillages and Ground Beams —On greenfield sites and when being used as an over bridge,
ground beams are available that form an assembly which transmits all dead and live forces
from the bridge into the ground. For a 40m (MLC80T/110W) bridge the ground bearing
pressure is 200 kN/m2. The grillages are located on the top of the ground beams and
accommodate the bridge bearings as well as the head of the ramp transom.
Ramps —The slope or profile of the ramps can be adjusted to allow for the passage of a
range of civilian and military traffic. The length of a standard ramp at each end of the bridge is
13.5m. The ramps are bolted to the grillages and use standard deck units supported on
special transoms. These transoms can be positioned at a variety of heights depending upon
the set adopted with a special ramp post. The interface between the ramp and ground is a
special toe ramp unit (1.5m)
107.6 Discuss heavy timber construction: [ref. b]
Bunker Assembly 14003 [S-710-1017, p. 1-1-8]
– Total M-Hr = 891
• BU = 340
• SW = 40
• EO = 3
• CN = 508
Bridge [Assembly 13202]
– Total M-Hr = 560
• BU = 560
Tower [Assembly 13606]
– Total M-Hr =191
• BU = 127
• EO = 64
18
NMCB SPECIFIC
108
108 CIVIL ENGINEER SUPPORT EQUIPMENT (CESE) FUNDAMENTALS
References:
[a] NAVFAC P-300, Management of Civil Engineering Support Equipment
[b] COMFIRSTNCDINST 11200.2, Equipment Management (Red Book)
[c] NAVFAC P-307, Management of Weight Handling Equipment
[d] NAVSEA 4790.8B, Maintenance and Material Management (3M)
108.1 State the purpose of the Battalion Equipment Evaluation Program (BEEP). [ref. b, ch. 4, p. 4-1]
• To pass on all special knowledge of CESE maintenance and operations techniques
• To provide the relieving battalion with a realistic and in-depth condition evaluation of CESE
allowance, facilities, tools and materials.
108.2 Discuss the purpose of the following publications and instructions:
P-300 [ref. a, p. iii]
• The purpose of this publication is to assist management at all levels in properly discharging
their responsibilities in the efficient management of the transportation program.
COMFIRSTNCDINST 11200.2 [ref. b, signature page]
• The purpose of this publication is to establish policy, assign actions and give guidance for the
Naval Construction Force Equipment Management program.
P-307 [ref. c, p. i]
The purpose of this publication
– To maintain the level of safety and reliability built into each unit of applicable equipment
by the original equipment manufacturer (OEM);
– To ensure optimum service life
– To provide uniform standards for licensing of WHE operators;
– To ensure the safe lifting and controlling capability of WHE and promote safe operating
practices through the inspection, test, certification, qualification, and operation
requirements prescribed herein.
NAVSEA 4790.8B Maintenance and Material Management (3M) [ref. d, ch. 1, p. 1-1]
The purpose of this publication
– 3M is designed to provide ships, and applicable shore stations with a simple and
standard means for planning, scheduling, controlling, and performing maintenance on
all shipboard systems and equipment.
– The primary objective of 3-M is to manage maintenance in a manner, which will ensure
maximum equipment and system operational readiness.
108.3 Describe the term deadline and its effects on availability. [ref. b, ch. 1, p. 1-20 thru 1-21]
• The term "deadline" applies to any item of equipment that, in the opinion of the Maintenance
Supervisor, parts cannot be obtained, or equipment cannot be safely operated within a period
of 72 hours or more without endangering the operator or equipment performance. Overall
availability decreases with equipment on deadline.
108.4 Describe the purpose of equipment lay up (3M). [ref. d]
• Place equipment in live storage when there is no foreseeable need for the equipment for a
period of two preventive maintenance (PM) cycles or 80 working days. All cranes, however,
shall be maintained in an active status under control of the crane crew. The CESE eligible for
live storage must be in A4 condition.
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NMCB SPECIFIC
108 CIVIL ENGINEER SUPPORT EQUIPMENT (CESE) FUNDAMENTALS
•
•
108
(CONT’D)
IEM [ch. 1, pp. 1-68 thru 1-69] Inactive Equipment Maintenance - To implement procedures
for the accomplishment of PMS for equipment declared in an inactive status, current PMS
schedules are modified to annotate the requirements listed in the IEM section of the
Maintenance Index Page (MIP). For advance planning and scheduling of maintenance to take
place, it is necessary to determine and identify the extent that ship's force personnel will apply
PMS during an inactive period. MIPs in each Work Center will be reviewed to determine if
equipment has IEM coverage, if the coverage is adequate, and what procedure to follow if
there is no IEM coverage on the MIP in question. The Department Head is responsible for
determining equipment IEM status.
Status I and Status II [ch. 1, p. 1-69]
• Status I. Equipment that will remain on board and will be inactive for thirty days or
longer and is not scheduled for corrective maintenance or overhaul.
• Status II. Equipment that is inactive for thirty days or longer and is directly subject to
corrective maintenance, overhaul, or removal for safe storage/replacement.
108.5 Describe the responsibilities of the following: [ref. b]
Equipment yard supervisor [ch. 2, p. 2-3]
– The “Yard Boss” manages the equipment yard and the CESE parked in it; establishes
and enforces traffic control through the yard, such as stop signs, speed limits, and oneway-traffic flow; maintains and establishes parking lines and areas, such as ready-line
and waiting-entry-into-shop line; is in charge of the vehicle refueling station and
equipment wash rack; and ensures that all operator maintenance procedures are
performed correctly to reduce equipment breakdowns.
– The "Yard Boss" determines operator liability because he is familiar with the equipment
and should know what dents and damages are new.
– Working with the Dispatcher, the "Yard Boss" cycles and exercises equipment not
otherwise used during that week in accordance with P-300, appendix J, paragraph 3b.
He must ensure accurate entries are entered into the Cycle Log. (The log will contain
these columns at a minimum: Date, USN Number, Beginning and Ending hours/miles
and Total Time Cycled).
– The Equipment Yard Supervisor shall ensure that all operators are performing pre-start
R checks of CESE prior to dispatching, and shall ensure that all Operators’ Inspection
Guide and Trouble Reports (NAVFAC Form 9-11240/13) and post operational R
checks are properly completed prior to returning the trip ticket to dispatch.
– The Yard Boss and Crew will be responsible to assist the Work Centers and conduct
all other maintenance requirements. The Yard Boss will supervise operators
performing maintenance requirements and provide the Dispatcher/Work Center
Supervisors feedback of completed /not completed requirements.
Collateral equipment custodian [ch. 2, p. 2-25]
– To control collateral equipment, the custodian shall do the following:
• Inventory. Maintain an accurate up-to-date location list of the unit's Collateral
equipment using the CB 60 Form.
• Order. Shortages and replacements shall be ordered when required. Ensure
that appropriate records are maintained for each requisition submitted. This is
done through proper use of the CB 60 Form.
• Manage. Sub-custody of component collateral equipment is assigned to the
operator or crew leader by signature on a CB 60 Form on an as needed basis.
20
NMCB SPECIFIC
108
108 CIVIL ENGINEER SUPPORT EQUIPMENT (CESE) FUNDAMENTALS (CONT’D)
Dispatcher [ch. 2, p. 2-2]
• The Dispatcher, normally an EO1, holds a key equipment management position in the
unit, and controls the day to-day equipment assignments and CESE usage. The
Dispatcher's primary duties are to receive and evaluate requests for vehicles and then
dispatch suitable equipment from authorized resources. It is the dispatcher's
responsibility to check the operator's Vehicle Operator’s Identification Card (OF-346)
and license, when applicable, prior to issuing a trip ticket. Dispatchers must provide for
the most economical use of manpower and equipment while ensuring equipment
safety, security, and proper use.
Maintenance Supervisor [ch. 1, pp. 1-4 thru 1-5]
• Directs and coordinates maintenance actions, test and performs operational procedures on
applicable 3M gear. Directs and coordinates the efforts of personnel to ensure an integrated
approach to achieving full combat system operational status.
Det Repair parts Petty Officer [ch. 3, p. 3-3]
• RPPO orders, tracks repair parts for the maintenance program. Maintains log of available
funds for ordering of parts.
108.6 State the purposes of a Monthly CESE/MHE report. [ref. b, ch. 1, p. 1- 20]
• The report provides status on all equipment that cannot be returned to service to perform all
intended functions; has been determined by the maintenance supervisor, or higher authority,
that repair parts are required, and that the parts are not obtainable within three working days.
108.7 Describe in detail the steps and procedures required to initiate Table of Allowance (TOA)
changes. [ref. a, ch. 5, pp. 5-3 thru 5-4].
• Initiating TOA Changes - All changes to TOAs managed by NAVFACENGCOM shall be
initiated in accordance with NAVFACINST 4423.1, Modification and Documentation of Naval
Facilities Engineering Command Managed Tables of Allowance.
• Format - The NAVSUP Form 1220-2, Allowance Change Request/Report, or a formal letter
are the prescribed documents to request item addition/deletion, or quantity increase/decrease
in all published allowance lists. Submit justification for each suggested allowance modification.
• Justification. - Justification for changes shall be based on one or more of the following:
• Mission Capability Improvement - Shall the proposed change improve the capability to
perform assigned mission? Quantitative estimates of increases in construction quality,
productivity, or readiness shall be made. Proposed changes which result from changes in a
unit's mission shall be specifically identified.
• Cost Effectiveness - Does the proposed change lead to a reduction in material or labor costs
or in the cost of the allowance itself? Include a brief cost comparison.
• Safety - Shall the proposed change result in a safer operation?
• Other - Shall the proposed change result in a nonquantitative improvement such as improved
health, comfort, or morale?
• Submittal - Recommendations that involve changes to authorized TOAs shall be submitted to
Commanding Officer, Code 15, Naval Facilities Expedtionary Logistics Center, 1000 23rd
Avenue, Bldg 1000, Port Hueneme, California 93043-4410. After NFELC's research and
evaluation, the Allowance Change Request (ACR) is forwarded to the appropriate chain of
command (COMFIRSTNCD/COMTHIRDNCR) for endorsement to COMNAVFACENGCOM
Code SR.
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NMCB SPECIFIC
109
109 CONSTRUCTION OPERATION FUNDAMENTALS
References:
[a] Crew Leader Handbook
[b] NAVFAC P-405, Planners and Estimators Handbook
[c] NAVFAC P-445, Construction Quality Management Program
109.1 Explain the use of the following:
Construction Management [ref. a, p. 1-1]
• Construction Management – It is comprised of three levels. I (Projects), II (Master Activities),
(Construction Activities) It is based on a critical path method (CPM). These methods give the
new project crewleader exposure to the fundamentals of project management which is broken
down: Master Activities, Construction Activities, Estimating, Logic Network, Construction
Schedule, Tracking Resources, Controlling Resources.
Crew Leader Handbook [ref a, p. i]
• This handbook is designed for NCF crew leaders who want a dependable and comprehensive
guide for construction planning and execution. While it is intended to be the primary tool for
construction planning and execution, it is only one of many references useful to the crew
leader.
NAVFAC P-405 [ref. b, p. iii]
• The Seabee Planner’s and Estimator’s Handbook is a technical guide for planning and
estimating construction projects undertaken by the Naval Construction Force (NCF). The
handbook provides information on estimating construction work elements and material
quantities, including equipment and manpower requirements.
• Prepared by Seabees for Seabees, the handbook is specifically for use in typical Seabee
construction projects, and is designed for flexible application to projects of varying size, scope,
and conditions. Tables for estimating labor have been provided to show the number of
manhours required for each work function. Diagrams illustrate the functions of planning and
estimating. Both tables and illustrations have been made as useful, accurate, and
comprehensive as possible.
109.2 Discuss project scope. [ref. a, pp. 4-2 thru 4-3; 15-17 thru 15-18]
• Project scope is a broad description of what is to be built. It includes the purpose of the
structure, general finishes, general construction, and general utilities descriptions.
109.3 Discuss the following: [ref. b, p. 1-2]
• Direct labor includes all labor expended directly on assigned construction tasks, either in the
field or in the shop, which contributes directly to the completion of the end product. Direct labor
must be reported separately for each assigned construction task.
• Indirect labor is labor required to support construction operations, but does not produce and
end product itself.
• Overhead labor is not considered to be productive labor because it does not contribute
directly or indirectly to the end product. It includes all labor that must be performed, regardless
of the assigned mission.
109.4. Discuss the following: [ref. a]
• Delay Factor (DF) [p. 2-8, par. 2.4.2] - Before we can adjust our manday estimate, we must
convert our PEF to a DF. The crew leader must calculate a DF for EVERY construction
activity. One DF cannot be applied to the entire job. We can find the DF by dividing the
average Seabee PEF (67) by the PEF of our construction activity.
22
NMCB SPECIFIC
109
109 CONSTRUCTION OPERATION FUNDAMENTALS (CONT’D)
Production Efficiency Factor (PEF) [p. 2-8, par. 2.4.1.8, 2.4.2]
• Production element:
Percentage Remarks
Workload
67
No specific impact
Site Area
75
Good access, work area, Labor
35
Crew inexperienced, OJT required
Supervisor
75
Good supervisor
Job Condition
45
High quality work required
Weather
67
No impact
Equipment
70
Sufficient tools in adequate condition
Tactical/Logistical
75
Materials on-hand believed sufficient
509
PEF = 509/8 = 63.6
To obtain the PEF you must add all the percentages from the production element, and divide by the
number of elements (ie 8), then you take the DF=Number of personnel divided by PEF.
Manday Capability Equation (MC) [p. 2-10, par. 2.4.3]
• In order to calculate the construction activity durations, the crew leader must first understand
the Manday Capability Equation. We use the equation below to determine our manday
capability (MC) for the main body and each detail.
• MC = DL x WD x ME x AF
Manday capability = Direct labor x Work days x Mandays expended x Availability factor
109.5 Discuss the following scheduling reports [ref. a]
Level I [p. 1-1, par. 1.1]
• Level I construction management is used at the Operations Officer’s (S3) or detail OIC’s level.
The primary concern of S3 is management of the unit’s overall tasking. The timeline for a
Level I bar chart will show months of the deployment and the line items will be several
individual projects
Level II [p. 1-1 and p. 3-1]
• Level II construction management is used at the company level. Each company may have
several projects to manage. The easiest way for the company commander to manage these
projects is with a Level II bar chart. The timeline for a Level II bar chart will show weeks and
the line items will be Master Activities for one individual project.
Level III [p.1-1, pp. 1-2, 3-5, 3-6]
• Level III construction management is used at the crew leader’s level. The crew leader’s focus
is on his/her particular project. The day-to-day activity of the project is managed by the crew
leader. The timeline for a Level III bar chart will show days and the line items will be
Construction Activities.
109.6 Discuss the Construction Project SITREP [ref a, pp. 9-1 thru 9-4; G-6]
• The battalion sends out a monthly SITREP to higher headquarters to report on the progress of
construction tasking. SITREP accuracy is a reflection on how well the crew leaders have
documented labor expended on the projects and the quality of the input provided by the crew
leaders/companies. The crew leader will forward a SITREP feeder to Ops on a biweekly basis.
23
NMCB SPECIFIC
109
109 CONSTRUCTION OPERATION FUNDAMENTALS (CONT’D)
109.7 Discuss the importance of generating and maintaining complete and accurate Construction
Activity Summary Sheets (CASS). [ref. a, p. 2-12, par. 2.6]
• All of the resource requirements identified during the estimating stage are summarized for
each construction activity on the front of a CAS sheet. In addition to the activity description, the
scheduled dates, duration and manday estimates, PEF, DF, travel time , and ME are also
added. On the back are the safety, quality control and environmental requirements. Use the
space at the bottom of the back page for manday and duration calculations. The CAS sheets
contain all of the information for completing material and equipment plans. It is imperative that
the crew leader documents EVERYTHING (calculations, assumptions, forming plans,
significant events, etc.) about the activity. Additional documents may be attached to the back
of the CAS sheet if necessary.
109.8 Discuss Field Adjustment Requests (FAR)/Design Change Directives (DCD) and who would
submit and approve. [ref. a, pp. 12-3, 4-C-5]
• The Resident Officer-in-Charge of Construction (ROICC) is responsible for inspection and
surveillance of ongoing Seabee projects and for reviewing daily QC reports to ensure
compliance with the plans and specifications. ROICC provides Quality Assurance (QA). It is
ROICC’s responsibility to monitor our QC program. The ROICC will approve our QC plan
before start of any construction. Any discrepancies noted will be corrected before work can
start on the project. The ROICC office also has to approve any battalion recommended Field
Adjustment Requests (FARs) or customer requested changes. Any ROICC directed changes
will be forwarded to the battalion on a Design Change Directive (DCD). Scope changes require
the approval of the customer’s major claimant and changes that require 50 or more mandays
of additional direct labor or increase the cost of the project by $500 or more require approval of
24
NMCB SPECIFIC
109
109 CONSTRUCTION OPERATION FUNDAMENTALS (CONT’D)
higher headquarters. The ROICC also conducts the final inspection and accepts only those
facilities built in accordance with the plans and specifications. The QC staff provides direct
liaison between the battalion and the ROICC on all matters, such as change requests and
project specifications questions. No field changes can be made without a request being
forwarded through QC and being approved in writing by the ROICC. Change requests must
include the same level of detail as the original specification. The Engineering Division can
provide assistance on sketches. A log of all FARs must be kept in the project package. DCDs
must also be kept in the project package. Clarification of prints or specification may be directed
to ROICC on a Request for Information (RFI) form. A log of all RFIs must be kept in the project
package.
109.9 Discuss Request for Information (RFI). [ref. a, pp. 12-4, 15-9, 15-72]
• Used for clarification of plans or specifications only. The RFI can be used for any inquiry
concerning the project. Further direction may be given to submit a FAR in response to an RFI,
but does not constitute a change until the FAR is approved
109.10 Discuss a project scope change. [ref. a, pp. 12-3, 12-4]
• Any site condition that differs from the conditions outlined in the project plans and
specifications. This condition is not a FAR or a DCD and when encountered one should
immediately submit an RFI to the ROICC.
109.11 Describe the purpose of the Naval Construction Force (NCF) Quality Control Program (QCP).
[ref. c, p. 1-1]
• The purpose of the NCF Quality Control Program (COMFIRSTNCDINST 4355.1) is to prevent
discrepancies where the quality of workmanship and materials fail to match the requirements
in the plans and specifications.
109.12 State the purposes of the project safety plans contained in the project package. [ref. a, p. 11-3,
par.11.4]
• For each construction activity, all hazards and corrective actions identified will be listed on the
back of the CAS sheet. The project safety plan (page 15-65) is then drawn up listing the
hazards and corrective action from the back of the CAS sheets. A cover sheet is made up for
the safety plan summarizing the training and equipment required for review by the chain of
command. The Chain of command will approve a Safety Plan for each project before any work
starts. The project safety plan must be posted on the job site. A daily job site safety inspection
will be performed by Safety Office personnel.
I.
Project Number and Title:
II.
Project Location:
III.
Prime Contractor:
• Subcontractor:
(a)
(b)
IV.
Project Scope:
V.
Type of Inherent Risks (electrical, welding, etc.):
VI.
Type of Associated Risk (fire, fumes, noise, etc.):
VII.
Special Training Requirements:
VIII.
Special License Required:
IX.
Engineering Controls (guard rails, welding curtains, etc.):
X.
Administrative Controls (policies, procedures, SOPs, etc.):
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NMCB SPECIFIC
109
109 CONSTRUCTION OPERATION FUNDAMENTALS (CONT’D)
X.
Special Safety Equipment Required (state how it is to be used):
XI.
Personal Protective Equipment Required:
XII.
Safety Standards/Restrictions Pertaining to Project Scope:
Project Planner:___________________________________________________
Print name, rate and company/det
Safety Officer:
Approved/Disapproved: _______________
Signature
Reason for disapproval: ____________________________________________
109.13 Describe the 3-phases of control for the Construction Quality Management Program (CQMP)
[ref. c, pp. 2-10 thru 2-13]
• The Three Phases of Control, Preparatory, Initial and Follow up, is the backbone of the
Construction Quality Management Program
– The Three Phases of Control shall adequately cover both on-site and off-site work and
shall include the following for each definable feature of work. A Definable Feature of
Work is a task that is separate and distinct from other tasks and requires separate
quality control requirements. A DFOW is identified by different trades or disciplines and
is an item or activity on the construction schedule. Each specification section could be
considered a definable feature of work. But, there frequently is more than one definable
feature of work under a particular section.
• Preparatory Phase (Prior to beginning work on each DFOW)
– The Contractor is required to notify the Contracting Officer at least 2 workdays in
advance of each preparatory phase. This phase shall include a meeting conducted by
the QC Manager and attended by the QC specialists, the superintendent, and the
foreman responsible for the definable feature. The results of the preparatory phase
actions must be documented in the daily CQC Report and/or in the
– Preparatory Phase Checklist. The following functions must be performed prior to
beginning work on each definable feature of work:
• Review each paragraph of the applicable specification sections
• Review the Contract drawings
• Verify that appropriate shop drawings and submittals for materials and
equipment have been submitted and certified by the QC Manager, and
approved. Verify receipt of approved factory test results, when required
• Review the testing plan and ensure that provisions have been made to provide
the required QC testing
• Examine the work area to ensure that the required preliminary work has been
completed
• Examine the required materials, equipment and sample work to ensure that
they are on hand and conform to the approved shop drawings and submitted
data
• Discuss construction methods, construction tolerances, workmanship
standards, and the approach that will be used to provide quality construction by
planning ahead and identifying potential problems for each definable feature of
work
• Review the safety plan and appropriate activity hazard analysis to ensure that
applicable safety requirements are met, and that required Material Safety Data
Sheets (MSDS) are submitted.
26
NMCB SPECIFIC
109
109 CONSTRUCTION OPERATION FUNDAMENTALS (CONT’D)
•
Initial Phase (Once work begins for each DFOW)
– The Contractor must also notify the Contracting Officer at least 2 workdays in advance
of each initial phase. The QC Manager conducts the initial phase with the QC
Specialists, the superintendent, and the foreman responsible for that definable feature
of work when construction crews are ready to start work on a definable feature of work.
The QC Manager observes the initial segment of the definable feature of work to
ensure that the work complies with Contract requirements. The results of the initial
phase must be documented in the daily CQC Report and in the initial phase checklist.
The initial phase must be repeated for each new crew to work on-site, or when
acceptable levels of specified quality are not being met.
– Perform the following for each definable feature of work:
• Establish the quality of workmanship required
• Resolve conflicts
• Ensure that testing is performed by the approved laboratory
• Check work procedures for compliance with the Safety Plan and the
appropriate activity hazard analysis to ensure that applicable safety
requirement are met
• Prime and subcontractor foremen document all Initial Phase Checklists and
include with the CQC Report.
27
NMCB SPECIFIC
201
201 WARFARE MISSON AREA
References:
[a] OPNAVINST 3501.115D, Projected Operational Environment (POE) and Require
Operational Capabilities (ROC) for the Naval Construction Force Series
[b] NTTP 4-04.1M, Seabee Operations in the MAGTF (February 2008 Edition)
[c] NAVFAC P-1049, Naval Construction Force Mobilization Manual
[d] OPNAVINST 5450.46K, Naval Construction Force Policy Statement
[e] NWP 4-04 Naval Civil Engineer Operations (December 2007 Edition)
201.1 MISSION STATEMENT
201.1.1 State and discuss the NMCB mission. [ref. b, pp. 1-1 thru 1-6]
• The mission of the NMCB is to provide responsive military construction support to Navy,
Marine Corps, and other forces in military operations; to construct and maintain base facilities;
to repair battle-damaged facilities, and to conduct limited defensive operations as required by
the circumstances of the deployment situation. It can also accomplish disaster control and
recovery efforts when required. Specifically, mission areas of the NMCB include the following:
– Performing horizontal and vertical construction simultaneously while defending their
project sites from hostile forces.
– Deploying an Air DET with air-liftable supplies and equipment within 48 hours of
notification. The remainder of a deployed NMCB can embark within 6 days.
– Conducting active defensive operations against overt or clandestine enemy attacks
directed toward unit personnel, convoys, camps, and facilities under construction.
– Performing intermediate maintenance on organic and assigned augment equipment
simultaneously with construction effort.
MOBILITY
201.2 Define the Mobilization Process as it applies to an NMCB. [ref. c, pp. 7-1 thru 7-2]
• Mobilization is the process whereby a nation makes the transition form a normal state of
peacetime preparedness to a war-fighting posture. It involves the assembly, organization and
application of the nation’s resources for national defense. The mobilization process
encompasses all activities necessary to systematically and selectively prepare for war.
– NMPS process
– Release, Depreservation, and Shipment of Prepositioned War Reserve Material Stock
(PWRMS) and/or Final Title stocks stored at either NCBC Gulfport, MS or Port
Hueneme, CA.
– Outfitting, Readying, and Training of NCF Personnel.
• The general planning policies, concepts, and assumptions, which were used in the
development are as follows:
– Unit Table of Allowance (TOA) equipment and material will already be forward
deployed (four TOAs at existing deployment sites), are deployed aboard the MPF(E),
or will be deployed by air, rail, or sea from a supporting NCBC.
– Unit personnel will deploy by air (except ship riders).
– Mobilized unit personnel will stay at NCBC Gulfport, MS and Port Hueneme, CA, until
scheduled to deploy. Personnel will be mobilized as specified in the TPFDD which are
structured to provide adequate activation and training time in order to deliver unit
personnel for deployment on the specified dates.
28
NMCB SPECIFIC
201 WARFARE MISSON AREA
–
–
–
–
–
201
(CONT’D)
All unit personnel going through NCBC Gulfport, MS and Port Hueneme, CA, will
receive initial outfitting of selected individual combat and survivability gear from the
homeport NCR/PWRMS and will receive refresher combat/survivability/unit training.
Deployment scheduling will be as required by the OPLAN(s) being executed.
Depending on specific OPLAN requirements, selected mobilizing unit personnel may
be available to assist NCBC Gulfport, MS and Port Hueneme, CA, in the
depreservation, breakout, staging and shipment of TOA equipment/material and in
providing necessary personnel support functions. Logistics Support Mobilization Plans
(LSMPs) will address whether or not selected mobilizing unit personnel (by unit, rate,
number, and time-frame) are required. Such use shall not conflict with OPLAN
deployment schedules or with initial outfitting/refresher training.
All essential services currently being provided to tenant commands by NCBC Gulfport,
MS and Port Hueneme, CA, will continue at a level commensurate with the tenant
command's mobilization mission. New services will not be provided unless premobilization support agreements are in place.
All non-essential work will be deferred as required to meet the mobilization peak
workload. During a full mobilization, NCBC Gulfport, MS and Port Hueneme, CA, will
activate their supporting Augments, Personnel Mobilization Teams
(PERSMOBTEAMS), and in mobilization mode will work two 10-hour shifts, 6 days per
week
201.3 Discuss tasks priority codes and how they are applied to NMCB mobility tasks. [ref. e, Appendix
A, Annex A-1 thru A2, pp. 87 thru 88]
29
NMCB SPECIFIC
201 WARFARE MISSON AREA
201
(CONT’D)
COMMAND, CONTROL, COMMUNICATION, COMPUTERS, AND INTELLIGENCE [C4I]
201.4 Discuss battalion command and control within the Marine Air/Ground Task Force (MAGTF).
[ref. b, p. 1-13]
• Concepts Of The Naval Construction Force
• Command and Control. COMSECONDNCB and COMTHIRDNCB, as operational type
commanders under CINCLANTFLT and CINCPACFLT, respectively, serve the fleet
CINCs as the principal advisors for the direct utilization of the Seabee organizations
and capabilities under their command. Headquarters for both NCBs
(COMSECONDNCB is located in Norfolk, VA and COMTHIRDNCB is located in Pearl
Harbor, HI) are situated close to the fleet CINCs. These NCBs exercise operational
and limited administrative control of their assigned Seabee units, both active and
Reserve. They also provide directive policy guidance for subordinate units in such
areas as leadership and discipline, administration; contingency planning and
readiness; military and technical training; unit deployment, employment, and
scheduling; operational effectiveness; development of operational doctrine, tasking and
procedures; equipment management; and logistics support. When SECOND NCB and
THIRD NCB units deploy, their OPCON may shift to the appropriate fleet, joint, or
unified combatant commander. However, COMSECONDNCB and COMTHIRDNCB
always maintain administrative control of their subordinate units
–
OPCON of NCF Units. The USMC/USN Terms of Reference state that OPCON is the
only command and support relationship appropriate and authorized when Seabee units
are employed within the MAGTF organization. ADCON usually remains with the
Seabee unit’s parent NCB. OPCON of Seabee units provides the MAGTF commander
with authority to direct the forces assigned so that the commander may:
• Accomplish specific missions or tasks that are usually limited by function, time,
or location.
• Deploy the Seabee units concerned as appropriate.
• Retain or assign tactical control of those Seabee units.
• OPCON does not include authority to assign separate employment of elements
of the units concerned. Neither does it, by itself, include administrative or
logistic control. OPCON of those Seabee organizations not governed by the
TOR, but employed in theater, may also be exercised by commands other than
those which have ADCON, such as the unified CINCs, CJTFs, or component
commanders.
30
NMCB SPECIFIC
201 WARFARE MISSON AREA
201
(CONT’D)
201.5 Discuss battalion command and control during joint operations in peacetime and wartime [ref. d,
pp. 5 thru 14]
– Combatant Command (COCOM)
– Is the nontransferable command authority over assigned forces vested only in the
commanders of combatant commands by Title 10 U.S.C. Section 164, or as directed
by the President in the Unified Command Plan (UCP). COCOM is the authority to
perform those functions of command involving organizing and employing commands
and forces, assigning tasks, designating objectives, and giving authoritative direction
over all aspects of military operations, joint training, and logistics necessary to
accomplish the missions assigned to the command.
– Reporting relationships of NMCBs
– Forward deployment requirements for NMCBs are specified in reference (i). Rotation of
NMCBs shall be planned by both NCBs and the Fleet CINCs, and approved by the
CNO (N44). When not deployed, NMCBs are under the ADCON/OPCON of the NCBs
reporting via their NCRs. When forward deployed, NMCBs shall be under the OPCON
of the AOR theater CINC via the Navy service component commander serving that
CINC and OPCON NCR Forward deployed NMCBs remain under the ADCON of the
NCBs reporting via the NCRs.
– NMCBs may be assigned OPCON to a Marine Expeditionary Force (MEF) or a Marine
Air Ground Task Force (MAGTF).
201.6 Describe tactical construction. [ref. a, encl. 7, pp.3 thru 4]
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201
(CONT’D)
CONTINGENCY ENGINEERING
201.7 Discuss in detail the three construction standards. [ref. e, pp. 5-1 thru 5-2]
– Initial/Expedient Standard
o Naval civil engineering forces apply the initial/expedient construction standard for
facilities construction in a tactical environment when response times are at a premium
for rapidly deploying engineering resources to limited support locations. Naval civil
engineering forces primarily use and tailor P-437 ABFC designs to site-specific
locations that require austere facilities intended for immediate operational use.
– Temporary Construction Standard
o Naval civil engineering forces apply the temporary construction standard for facilities
construction when a location requires that it extend the efficiency of operations for use
for as long as 24 months and when the naval civil engineering forces are required to
provide sustained operations. When mission requirements dictate, the temporary
construction standard replaces the initial/expedient construction standard. Naval civil
engineering forces conduct temporary-construction-standard readiness training through
fleet exercises to ensure proficiency in temporary construction missions, such as
knowing temporary construction standards for:
 1. Building or modular systems and the ABFC standard design system
 2. Expeditionary airfield construction
 3. Electrical power generation and distribution systems
 4. Fortifications
 5. Forward arming and refueling points
 6. Roads
 7. Soil stabilization
 8. Sewage disposal
 9. Troop housing
 10. Water storage and distribution.
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–
201
(CONT’D)
Permanent Construction Standard
o Naval civil engineering forces build permanent-construction-standard facilities for HN,
supporting stability and security operations for U.S. forces with increased efficiency for
long-term sustained operations. Naval civil engineering forces must conform to either
military, industrial, or commercial construction standards chosen by the directing
authority when constructing permanent facilities. Naval civil engineering forces conduct
permanent construction-standard readiness training during peacetime deployments.
They participate in fleet exercises and conduct contributory support projects at
commands to ensure proficiency in permanent construction missions. Permanentconstruction-standard training includes instruction in the following areas:
 Asphalt paving
 2. Bridging, nonstandard
 3. Buildings
 4. Concrete runways
 5. Port facilities and navigational structures
 6. Roads
 7. Steel frame and block buildings
 8. Steel structures
 9. Utility distribution and storage systems.
201.8 Describe the Seabees role in advanced base and camp construction. [ref. c, p. 12- 2]
• Reporting relationships of NMCBs
– Forward deployment requirements for NMCBs are specified in reference (i). Rotation of
NMCBs shall be planned by both NCBs and the Fleet CINCs, and approved by the
CNO (N44). When not deployed, NMCBs are under the ADCON/OPCON of the NCBs
reporting via their NCRs. When forward deployed, NMCBs shall be under the OPCON
of the AOR theater CINC via the Navy service component commander serving that
CINC and OPCON NCR Forward deployed NMCBs remain under the ADCON of the
NCBs reporting via the NCRs.
– NMCBs may be assigned OPCON to a Marine Expeditionary Force (MEF) or a Marine
Air Ground Task Force (MAGTF).
– organized into one headquarters and four line companies with full wartime strength of
25 officers and 787 enlisted. Each line company includes a weapons platoon using
heavy machine guns and lightweight antitank weapons. The headquarters company
has mortar capability. CESE includes construction, weight handling, and generalpurpose vehicles.
– There are currently nine active duty NMCBs, three of which are continuously forward
deployed to Okinawa, Guam, Roosevelt Roads, and Rota, Spain. When not deployed
or in movement, remaining active duty NMCBs perform planning and training at their
homeports at NCBC Gulfport, MS or NBVC Port Hueneme, CA. Peacetime manning of
active NMCBs is below wartime strength, and each has a dedicated reserve augment
unit that may be activated through presidential recall during a crisis situation.
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201
(CONT’D)
NON-COMBAT OPERATIONS (NCO)
201.9 Discuss battalion operations during a peacetime deployment. [ref. c, p. 12-3]
– When forward deployed during peacetime, the active NMCBs perform project construction
(primarily for skills training and readiness) in support of Fleet CINCs under the coordination
and project management of the NCBs. Deployed NMCBs also support Combatant CINCsponsored Joint Exercises and Deployment for Training (DFT) Programs, as approved by the
Fleet CINCs. There are currently 12 reserve NMCBs. Once fully mobilized, reserve NMCBs
have the same contingency missions and required operational capabilities as active NMCBs.
Because of their rapid deployment, self-sustainment and self-defense capabilities, their task
specific organizational flexibility, and often, their geographic proximity, NMCBs (both active
and reserve) may be tasked with providing emergency assistance, disaster recovery, or
humanitarian relief support. Each NMCB shall be capable of forming, employing, and
exercising command and control of independent detachments, teams or parties of up to 50
percent of the NMCB in size as required in support of tailoring to meet assigned objectives.
Each Detachment shall be under the command of an officer in charge (OIC). Additional
detachments and smaller work details may be required concurrently of the same NMCB.
201.10 Discuss Seabees role in humanitarian operations. [ref. a, encl. 7]
MOS 2.1
Deliver relief material.
III, IV(L) – Limited transportation assets requires augment to TOA.
V(L) – Plain and train.
MOS 2.2
Provide emergency flooding/firefighting assistance to another unit.
III, IV, V (L) – Limited to capabilities of TOA with no specialized training of
personnel in this capability.
V(L) – Plain and train.
MOS 2.4
Provide disaster assistance and evacuation.
III, IV (L) – Earth moving, civil engineering, and general labor support. Limited
transportation assets.
V(L) – Plain and train.
MOS 2.5
Clear and repair utilities and facilities damaged by natural disaster, fire and civil
disturbance; decontaminate CBR effects.
III, IV(L) – For natural disaster, fire and civil disturbance only. CBR decontamination
limited to organic equipment and unit personnel.
V(L) – Plain and train.
MOS 2.9
Plan, direct and coordinate disaster assistance evacuation.
IV, V (L) – Civil engineering projects. Limited transportation assets requires augment
to TOA.
V(L) – Plain and train.
MOS 2.10
Support/provide for the evacuation of noncombatant personnel in areas of civil or
international crisis.
III, IV (L) – Will degrade other mission areas, Limited transportation assets requires
augment to TOA.
V(L) – Plain and train.
MOS 2.14
Provide transportation for evacuees to designated safe havens or onward processing centers.
III, IV (L) – Will degrade other mission areas, Limited transportation assets requires augment to
TOA.
V(L) – Plain and train.
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201
(CONT’D)
COMMAND AND CONTROL WARFARE (C2W)
201.11 Discuss battalion Administrative Control (ADCON) and Operational Control (OPCON) in
homeport. [ref. d, pp. 7 thru 8]
• OPCON
– Is the operational control inherent in COCOM and is the authority to perform those
functions of command over subordinate forces involving organizing and employing
commands and forces, assigning tasks, designating objectives, and giving authoritative
direction necessary to accomplish the missions assigned to the command. Only the
COCOM chain of command or National Command Authority (NCA) delegates OPCON.
• ADCON
– Is the administrative control over subordinate or other organizations with respect to
administration and support, including organization of naval forces, control of resources
and equipment, personnel management, unit logistics, individual and unit training,
readiness, mobilization, demobilization, and discipline and other matters not included in
the operational missions of the subordinate or other organizations. Specifically included
in ADCON are command of peacetime support and employment of NCF forces (other
than OPCON during theater CINC peacetime exercises and training), and readiness
reporting (SORTS). The Department of the Navy is responsible for all logistic and
administrative support of NCF forces assigned to or attached to joint commands and
combatant commanders. ADCON of NCF forces is delegated as described in this
Policy Statement:
• All Service forces (except as noted in 10 U.S.C. 162) are assigned to
combatant commands by the Secretary of Defense (SECDEF) “Forces for
Unified Commands” memorandum. A force assigned or attached to a
combatant command may be transferred from that command only as directed
by SECDEF and under procedures prescribed by SECDEF and approved by
the President.
The Commanders In Chief, U.S. Atlantic and Pacific Fleets (CINCLANTFLT and
CINCPACFLT) are assigned ADCON over all NCF units assigned to and
including their respective NCBs.
201.12 Discuss NMCB administrative control when forward deployed. [ref. d, p. 8]
– ADCON includes command, control and coordination of peacetime operations and
support performed by forward-deployed units and shall remain under their respective
Fleet CINCs, exercised via their NCBs. Fleet CINCs / NCBs are authorized to delegate
ADCON of assigned units to maximize efficiency of command and control (for example,
an NCR should be delegated ADCON of subordinate NMCBs and assigned NCF
units).
– Specific Seabee resources are forward deployed in accordance with reference (i). The
Fleet CINCs and NCBs shall coordinate OPCON relationships with the associated
theater CINC exercising COCOM over the forward-deployed resources.
– As specified, in the event of a major emergency in the geographic combatant
commander’s area of responsibility (AOR), or theater, requiring the use of all available
forces, that geographic combatant commander may assume direct OPCON of all
forces (including forward deployed NCF units) located within the assigned AOR.
Forward deployment of NCF units provides close geographic proximity to locations
where a contingency may occur, minimizing lift requirements and maximizing prompt
logistical support and responsiveness.
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NMCB SPECIFIC
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201
(CONT’D)
201.13 Discuss NMCB operational control within the MAGTF and a Naval Construction Regiment
(NCR) [ref. b, p. 2-7; ref. e, p. 2-7]
– OPCON of NCF Units.
• MAGTF
– The USMC/USN Terms of Reference state that OPCON is the only
command and support relationship appropriate and authorized when
Seabee units are employed within the MAGTF organization. ADCON
usually remains with the Seabee unit’s parent NCB. OPCON of Seabee
units provides the MAGTF commander with authority to direct the forces
assigned so that the commander may:
» Accomplish specific missions or tasks that are usually limited by
function, time, or location.
» Deploy the Seabee units concerned as appropriate.
» Retain or assign tactical control of those Seabee units.
• OPCON does not include authority to assign separate employment of elements
of the units concerned. Neither does it, by itself, include administrative or
logistic control. OPCON of those Seabee organizations not governed by the
TOR, but employed in theater, may also be exercised by commands other than
those which have ADCON, such as the unified CINCs, CJTFs, or component
commanders.
– NCR
• Organization. Normally commanded by a Navy CEC Captain, a deployable,
operational NCR CE consists of a staff organized into the following
departments: Executive, Administrative, Intelligence, Operations, Supply, and
Readiness. The NCR CE typically has OPCON over two to four assigned
NMCBs and an NCFSU. However, if the mission and engineering requirements
warrant such, one or more Air DETs from a UCT may also be assigned to
augment the NCR task organization.
• Concept of Employment. The NCR CE is task-organized and equipped for
employment as an assigned force in support of MEF-sized operations when two
or more NMCBs operating in a specific area are assigned to support the MEF.
The NCR CE is structured to provide air or surface deployable elements in
support of a specific military operation. Generally, the NCR CE:
– Maintains an organic TOA (TA11) capable of sustaining operations
planned or envisioned under contingency or general war conditions for
60 days without resupply, except that Class I material is limited to 5
days, Class III is limited to 3 days, and Class V is limited to 15 days.
Organic Class IV is limited to only those materials required to construct
the command element’s base camp. Resupply past the timeframes
noted is the responsibility of the supported MAGTF.
– Is capable of performing its mission using basic individual protective
measures in a CBR-contaminated environment for 30 days.
• Tasks. The NCR CE is a command and control organization that plans,
monitors, directs, coordinates, and controls construction operations for all
subordinate NMCBs, NCFSUs, and other attached units.
36