29-18th and Early 19th Century Europe and North America
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This chapter explores art of the 1700’s and early 1800’s in Europe and North America, including painting, architecture, decorative arts, and sculpture. Some trends of this era include the intellectual philosophy known as The Enlightenment, with emphasis on the artistic movements of Rococo, Neoclassicism, Romanticism and Gothic Revival. NOTE: THIS PERIOD MARKS THE BEGINNING OF “THE MODERN ERA” NOTE: Be prepared for some REVIEW QUESTIONS on the Chapter Test. TOPIC: ART OF ANCIENT GREECE We will be studying Mid- to late Nineteenth Century Art in Europe and the United States as our next topic. Feel free to scan the pages in that section and take some notes in order to get a head start. TERMS: Salon (905), memento mori (907), fête galante (908), pastel (912), capriccio (912), veduta (913), kiln (917), jasperware (917), crenellations (920), ateliers (944), odalisque (950), lithography (951), sublime (955) Idyllic (907): Picturesque (917): Apotheosis (917): École des Beaux-Arts (944): Charmingly rustic and beautiful Interesting but ordinary domestic landscape, designed to please the eye Moment is which someone is made into a god School of Fine Arts CONCEPTS TO KNOW: Know the basic principles of The Enlightenment (904) Know the basic principles of Romanticism thinking (904) Know the artistic conventions of Rococo style (905) Know that Rococo style spread in France when the monarchy moved from Versailles to Paris (905) Know what the Prix de Rome was (909) Know what the Grand Tour was. Describe the purpose and location(s) of this journey (911) Know the rediscovery of Pompeii & Herculaneum was instrumental in fostering Neoclassical style (911) Know the goals of Neoclassical art and what democratic Neoclassical patrons hoped to achieve (911) Know the role that Cardinal Alessandro Albani played in the fostering of Neoclassical style (913) Know how Johann Winckelmann is associated with Albani. Know his thoughts on Rococo style (913-14) Know Johann Winckelmann’s contributions to the study of art history (914) Know the primary traits of Romanticism and how it arose in Great Britain (915) Read Art and Its Contexts: Academies and Academy Exhibits (first two paragraphs) (924) Know how Ben. West, an American Neoclassical painter, affects British Romanticism painting (926-927) Know who Denis Diderot was, as well as what he thought art should accomplish (932) Know the fundamental difference between the poussinistes and rubénistes (944) Read The Object Speaks: Raft of the “Medusa” (946-947) Know that most American governmental architecture was made in Neoclassical style (958) GUIDE TO THE MAJOR TRENDS OF 18th AND EARLY 19th CENTURY ART IN EUROPE/NORTH AMERICA: Rococo: Sensual, ornate, and complex -Pastel colors, delicately curving forms, dainty figures, lighthearted mood Neoclassicism: Simplified, historical, and restrained. Universal and high-minded -Typically a more public art form, used history as inspiration Romanticism: Emotional, subjective, imaginative, irrational, celebrates the individual -Typically a more private art form, used contemporary life as inspiration LECTURE SLIDES: TITLE Europe and North America in the Eighteenth Century ARTIST Line Art YEAR Thomas Mifflin and Sarah Morris John Singleton Copley 1773 Paul Revere John Singleton Copley 1768 Salon de la Princesse, Hotel de Soubise, Paris Germain Boffrand 1732 The Signboard of Gersaint Watteau 1721 Pilgrimage to the Island of Cythera* Watteau 1717 REMEMBER: Henry IV Rec. Portrait of Marie de’ Medici Peter Paul Rubens 1621-1625 REMEMBER: The Suitor’s Visit Gerard ter Borch 1658 Girl Reclining: Louise O’Murphy François Boucher 1751 Madame de Pompadour François Boucher 1756 Triumph of Venus* François Boucher 1740 The Swing** Jean-Honoré Fragonard 1766 The Meeting Jean-Honoré Fragonard 1771-1773 The Invention of the Balloon Clodion 1784 Satyr and Bacchante Clodion 1775 Church of the Vierzehnheiligen, Bavaria, Germany Johann Neumann 1743-1772 Plan of Church of the Vierzehnheiligen, Bavaria, Germany Line Art 1743-1772 REMEMBER: Plan of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane Borromini 1638-1667 Charles Sackville, 2nd Duke of Dorset Rosalba Carriera 1730 Louis XV* Rosalba Carriera 1720-1721 The Doge’s Palace and the Riva Degli Schiavoni* Canaletto 1730s Santi Giovanni e Paolo Monument Bartolommeo Colleoni Canaletto 1735-1738 REMEMBER: Equestrian of Bartolommeo Colleoni Andrea del Verrocchio 1490 Westminster Abbey, Procession of Knights of the Bath Canaletto 1749 Capriccio of Classical Ruins Giovanni Paolo Pannini 1725-1730 View of the Pantheon, Rome* Piranesi 1756 Villa of His Eminence Cardinal Alessandro Albani Piranesi Parnassus** Mengs 1761 REMEMBER: Apollo Belvedere Greek Late Classical 350 BCE 1769, published 1800–1807 Pauline Borghese as Venus* Canova 1808 Psyche Revived by Cupid* Canova 1787-1793 The Three Graces Canova 1817 Chiswick House, West London* Richard Boyle 1724-1729 Plan of Chiswick House, West London Richard Boyle 1724-1729 REMEMBER: Villa Rotunda, Vicenza, Italy Palladio 1560s The Park at Stourhead, Wiltshire, England Flitcroft and Hoare 1743 The Apotheosis of Homer* Josiah Wedgwood 1790-1795 “Am I Not a Man and a Brother?”* Hackwood & Wedgwood 1787 “Am I Not a Woman and a Sister?” U.S. coin 1838 Strawberry Hill, Twickenham, England Horace Walpole 1749-1776 Strawberry Hill Picture Gallery, Twickenham, England Walpole, Chute and Bentley after 1754 REMEMBER: Ishtar Gate and Throne Room Babylon, Iraq 575 BCE Interior of Henry VII's Chapel in Westminster Abbey Canaletto 1750s Strawberry Hill Library, Twickenham, England Walpole, Chute and Bentley after 1754 Georgian Silver Morley, Burrows, Cooke, Bateman &Bateman 1790-1802 The Marriage Contract, Marriage à la Mode: part 1* Hogarth 1743-1745 The Tête à Tête, Marriage à la Mode: part 2 Hogarth 1743-45 The Inspection, Marriage à la Mode: part 3 Hogarth 1743-45 The Toilette, Marriage à la Mode: part 4 Hogarth 1743-45 The Bagnio, Marriage à la Mode: part 5 Hogarth 1743-45 The Lady’s Death, Marriage à la Mode: part 6 Hogarth 1743-5 Lady Sarah Bunbury Sacrificing to the Graces Joshua Reynolds 1765 Robert Andrews and Frances Carter Thomas Gainsborough 1748-1750 An Experiment on a Bird in the Air-Pump* Joseph Wright 1768 A Philosopher Giving a Lecture at the Orrery Joseph Wright 1765 Academicians of the Royal Academy Johan Zoffany 1771-1772 Cornelia Pointing to Her Children as Her Treasures* Kauffmann 1785 Self Portrait Caught between Arts and Music Kauffmann 1791 Severn River Bridge, Coalbrookdale, England Abraham Darby III 1779 The Death of General Wolfe* Benjamin West 1770 REMEMBER: Lamentation, Scrovegni Chapel, Padua Giotto 1305-1306 The Incredulity of Thomas Benjamin West The Nightmare* Fuseli 1781 Lady Macbeth with the Daggers Fuseli 1812 Newton* William Blake 1795-1805 Elohim Creating Adam William Blake 1795 Watson and the Shark** John Singleton Copley 1778 Panthéon (Church of Sainte-Geneviève)* Soufflot, Paris 1755-1792 Plan of Panthéon (Church of Sainte-Geneviève) Soufflot, Paris 1755-1792 Cutaway Illustration of Panthéon (Sainte-Geneviève) Soufflot, Paris 1755-1792 The Governess* Chardin 1793 The Village Bride* Greuze 1761 The Drunken Cobbler* Greuze 1780 Portrait of Marie Antoinette with Her Children* Vigée-Lebrun 1781 Marie Antoinette Holding a Rose Vigée-Lebrun 1783 Self-Portrait Vigée-Lebrun 1790 Self-Portrait with Straw Hat Vigée-Lebrun 1782 Oath of the Horatii** Jacques-Louis David 1785 Study for Oath of the Horatii Jacques-Louis David 1784-1785 Death of Marat* Jacques-Louis David 1793 REMEMBER: Entombment, Vittrici Chapel, Rome Caravaggio 1603-1604 Death of Socrates Jacques-Louis David 1787 Portrait of Jean-Baptiste Belley Girodet-Trioson 1797 Self-Portrait with Two Pupils* Labille-Guiard 1785 George Washington* Jean-Antoine Houdon 1788-1792 Benjamin Franklin Jean-Antoine Houdon 1778 The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters, Los Caprichos Francisco Goya 1799 Family of Charles IV* Francisco Goya 1800 REMEMBER: Las Meninas Diego Velázquez 1656 Third of May, 1808** Francisco Goya 1815 Saint Peter Repentant Francisco Goya 1824 Clothed Maja Francisco Goya 1800 Naked Maja Francisco Goya 1800 Saturn Devouring One of His Sons Francisco Goya 1823 Atrial Cross, Chapel of the Indians, Basilica of Guadalupe Mexico City before 1556 Virgin of Guadalupe* Sebastian Salcedo 1779 Mission San Xavier Del Bac (exterior) Tuscon, Arizona 1784-1797 Mission San Xavier Del Bac (interior) Tuscon, Arizona 1784-1797 Coronation of Napoleon I, 2nd December, 1804 Jacques-Louis David 1807 Napoleon Crossing the Saint-Bernard Jacques-Louis David 1800-1801 Napoleon in his Study Jacques-Louis David 1812 Napoleon in Plague House at Jaffa* Gros 1804 REMEMBER: Prayer Hall, Great Mosque Cordoba, Spain 785-786 Raft of the “Medusa”* Géricault 1818-1819 The Sighting of “Argus” Géricault 1818 The Sighting of “Argus” Géricault 1818 Study of Hands and Feet Géricault 1818-1819 Portrait of a Kleptomaniac Géricault 1820 Liberty Leading the People** Delacroix 1830 Departure of Volunteers of 1792, Arc de Triomphe, Paris Rude 1833-1836 Arc de Triomphe, Paris modern photograph Large Odalisque* Ingres 1814 Portrait of Madame Desire Raoul-Rochette Ingres 1830 Apotheosis of Homer Ingres 1827 Louis Bertin Ingres 1832 Napoleon on his Imperial Throne Ingres 1806 The Print Lovers* Daumier Third Class Carriage Daumier Diagram of the lithographic process Line Art The Hay Wain* John Constable 1821 The White Horse John Constable 1819 Ecole des Beaux (boze)-Arts, Paris (School of Fine Arts) 1862 REMEMBER: Salisbury Cathedral England 1220-1258 Salisbury Cathedral from the Bishop’s Grounds John Constable 1821 Salisbury Cathedral from the Meadows John Constable 1821 Stonehenge John Constable 1836 The Slave Ship* Joseph Turner 1840 Burning of Houses of Lords and Commons, October, 1834* Joseph Turner 1834 Venice: The Customs Office and San Giorgio Maggiore Joseph Turner 1834 The Oxbow* Thomas Cole 1836 Sunday Morning on the Hudson River Thomas Cole 1827 The Architect’s Dream Thomas Cole 1840 Among the Sierra Nevada Mountains, California Albert Bierstadt 1868 Monk by the Sea* Caspar Friedrich 1809 Wanderer Above the Sea of Fog Caspar Friedrich 1818 Abbey in the Oak Forest Caspar Friedrich 1810 Houses of Parliament, London Barry and Pugin 1836-1860 Westminster Abbey modern photograph Trinity Church, New York (exterior)* Richard Upjohn 1839-1846 Trinity Church, New York (interior) Richard Upjohn 1839-1846 Trinity Church Cemetery, September 11, 2001 modern photograph Altes Museum, Berlin Karl Friedrich Schinkel (Line Art) 1822-1830 Altes Museum, Berlin Karl Friedrich Schinkel Spree River, Berlin modern photograph United States Capitol, Washington, D.C.* Benjamin Latrobe 1808 United States Capitol, Washington, D.C. Thomas U. Walter 1859 United States Capitol, Washington, D.C. modern photographs Baltimore Basilica Benjamin Latrobe 1806-1821 Monticello (exterior)** Thomas Jefferson 1782 Monticello (sketch) Thomas Jefferson 1782 Monticello (interior) Thomas Jefferson 1782 *Possibly a slide-identification question. Know the title and artist. **Know the title, artist and YEAR. 1822-1830
