Teacher Guide Macronutrients, Fad Diets and Energy Drinks 50-­‐Minute HOW/DL/In-­‐House Lesson Grades: 7 -­‐ 12 Description Learn the basics of proper fueling and hydration for a healthy daily routine. Analyze the importance of carbohydrates, proteins and fats as you calculate your macronutrient needs. Use this information to be an informed consumer and work your way through the marketing hype to uncover the facts about fad diets, supplements, energy drinks and fitness regimes. Before Your Visit Students will not need any materials for this program. If you are connecting with us through distance learning and would like to set-­‐up a test connection please call 216-­‐231-­‐4600 x3215. Objectives Students will: • Define “macronutrients” and their primary roles in the structure and function of the human body • Explain how the online “MyPlate” tool relates to human dietary & exercise requirements. • Identify the information provided on an FDA nutrition label and list specific health concerns that this information addresses • Compare and contrast several examples of fad diet programs • Explain why drinking water is essential to the body and how drinks with stimulants and other additives are not necessarily healthier • Identify the symptoms of dehydration • List several reliable sources of information about current fad diets and supplements Revised Ohio Academic Content Standards Grade 7 Science: Life Science -­‐ Sun, Energy and Weather • Matter is transferred continuously between one organism to another and between organisms and their physical environments. High School Science: Biology – Cells • Cellular processes, cellular respiration National Health Education Standards: Grades 6-­‐8: 1.8.1, 1.8.8, 1.8.9, 2.8.2, 2.8.5, 2.8.6, 2.8.7, 2.8.10, 3.8.1, 6.8.1, 7.8.1 Grades 9-­‐12: 1.12.1, 1.12.8, 1.12.9, 2.12.2, 2.12.5, 2.12.6, 2.12.7, 3.12.1, 6.12.1 Vocabulary BMR – Basal metabolic rate. The number of calories that a body uses while at rest. caffeine – stimulant drug found in coffee, tea, chocolate, and guarana. The most common stimulant found in energy drinks and diet program supplements. calorie – measure of the amount of heat energy that can be derived from food. cholesterol – a soft, fat-­‐like, waxy substance found in the bloodstream and in all body cells. Used for producing cell membranes and some hormones. There are two types of cholesterol, LDL and HDL: • LDL – Low-­‐Density Lipoprotein. “Bad” cholesterol, it can slowly build up in the inner walls of the arteries that feed the heart and brain and eventually block blood flow completely. • HDL – High-­‐Density Lipoprotein. “Good” cholesterol, HDL tends to carry cholesterol away from the arteries and back to the liver, where it is passed from the body. Most doctors feel this provides some protection against heart attacks. diuretic – a substance that increases urine production by the kidneys electrolytes – minerals found in body fluids that regulate the movement of water between cells and increase absorption of water by the kidneys glycogen – substance in animal tissues that is converted to glucose when the muscles need energy lipids – scientific term for fats macronutrient – a molecule that composes the structure of body cells: proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. stimulants – chemicals that cause increased activity of systems of the body. withdrawal – the process of giving up use of a narcotic drug, typically accompanied by distressing physical and mental effects. Suggested Activities 1) KidsHealth.org Web Search Option: Have the students work in groups or individually to search www.KidsHealth.org in their ‘Teens” section for information on foods and fitness. Ask them to try and locate information that is new to them, and write a brief summary to share with the class. If this activity is done at home, please encourage them to do this with their parents or guardians. 2) “Liquid Fuel” and “Calorie Calculator” worksheets: a. Make copies of each worksheet for all students. Ask them to bring in an empty can of their favorite energy drink. Provide an empty bottle of ‘Gatorade’ as the model of a medically accepted sports beverage, and use the Liquid Fuel worksheet to compare the contents of the student’s beverages. b. Have students use the Calorie Calculator worksheet to figure out their own BMR. Survey the class to see who has the highest and lowest calculated energy needs. References Here are some sites that we have used in the past as resources for program content. Please note that the Museum is not affiliated with and does not endorse these websites. http://www.kidshealth.org/ -­‐ answers to questions written for teens by health professionals. http://ods.od.nih.gov/index.aspx -­‐-­‐ the National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements. http://www.cspinet.org/smartmouth/ -­‐-­‐ written by the Center for Science in the Public Interest, this page has a lot of easy-­‐to-­‐understand nutrition information. http://www.energyfiend.com/ -­‐-­‐ this site is run by hobbyists, but it’s a good example of how serious caffeine users are about their stimulant of choice. http://www.teengrowth.com/ -­‐-­‐ this site is written by a team of pediatricians. It has general information about many teen issues, and under the “Body” link, lots of good dietary material. Science Resource Center (SRC) The Science Resource Center has books, kits, animal dioramas and more for loan to area teachers. Contact the Science Resource Center at 216-­‐231-­‐4600 ext. 3211 between 3 and 5 PM Monday through Friday and 9 AM to 1 PM on Saturdays. Visit our website to view resources. ___________________________________________________________________ Produced and published by the Education Division, The Cleveland Museum of Natural History, 1 Wade Oval Dr., University Circle, Cleveland, OH 44106 September 2013 Macronutrients:
Fad Diets and Energy Drinks
Liquid Fuel
Guideline: Sports & energy drinks should be 5-8 % carbohydrate
NUTRITION
FACTS
Gatorade
Serving Size (ml)
Calories
Amount
Per
Serving
Total Fat (g)
Sodium (mg)
Potassium (mg)
Total
Carbohydrate (g)
Protein (g)
% Carbohydrate
Total Carbohydrate (g) = ___________ x 100 = ___________ % Carbohydrate
Serving Size (ml)
What electrolytes are found in Gatorade? ____________________________
Compare Gatorade with other popular beverages. Examples are:
•
•
•
•
Alternative brand sports drink (All Sport, PowerAde)
Fruit drinks or juice (Hawaiian Punch, Kool-Aid, orange juice)
Soft drinks (Mountain Dew, Sprite,)
Energy drinks (Red Bull, Monster, 5-Hour Energy, etc.)
Does your beverage contain caffeine? __________
Based on your analysis, would you recommend this beverage to endurance
athletes? Why or why not?
_____________________________________________________________
Produced and published by the Education Division, Cleveland Museum of Natural History
1 Wade Oval Drive, University Circle, Cleveland, OH 44106-1767
Revised May 2013.
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Macronutrients:
Fad Diets and Energy Drinks
Calorie Calculator
How many calories do you need each day?
STEP 1: Convert your height and weight into metric units:
• Weight (w) : _______ lbs. ÷ 2.2 = _______ kg
• Height (h) : _______ in. x 2.54 =
_______ cm
STEP 2: Calculate your BMR (basal metabolic rate), using the values from
above:
¨ (FEMALE) BMR = 655 + (9.6 x w) + (1.7 x h) – (4.7 x age) = ___
¨ (MALE) BMR = 66 + (13.7 x w) + (5 x h) – (6.8 x age) = _______
STEP 3: Calculate your AAV (activity adjustment value):
• Sedentary (Texting is Work): BMR x 20% =
• Very light (cleaning my room): BMR x 30% =
• Moderate (walk to school): BMR x 40% =
• Heavy (sports practice/workouts): BMR x 50% =
STEP 4: Add AAV + BMR to get your body’s daily caloric needs:
•
TOTAL CALORIES = BMR + AAV = _____________
Produced and published by the Education Division, Cleveland Museum of Natural History
1 Wade Oval Drive, University Circle, Cleveland, OH 44106-1767
Revised May 2013.
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