Society for the Teaching of Psychology (APA Division 2)
OFFICE OF TEACHING RESOURCES IN PSYCHOLOGY (OTRP)
Department of General Academics, Texas A&M University at Galveston, P. O. Box 1675, Galveston, TX 77553
FREQUENTLY CITED CONCEPTS IN CURRENT INTRODUCTION TO
PSYCHOLOGY TEXTBOOKS
Derrick L. Proctor and Alisa M. E. Williams, Andrews University
Overview
Thirty-three full-length Introduction to Psychology texts were used to determine the most
frequently cited concepts. A total of 4902 unique concepts were identified. Core concepts are
presented in a series of four tables.
Description
Data from 33 full-length Introduction to Psychology texts, copyrighted from 2003 to 2005, were
used to determine the most frequently cited concepts. The glossary of each text was entered
into a database. After all terms were entered, synonyms and abbreviations were combined
yielding 4,902 unique concepts. Concepts found in 50% or more of the texts were designated
as “core concepts” and are presented in a series of four tables. The information is useful to
teachers of the introductory class because it directs them to the most frequently cited concepts
and which ideas are more important than others. Arguably, students are better served by
learning the most frequently used concepts, or core concepts, in all texts rather than restricting
their learning to the perspective of the teacher or the perspective of the various text authors.
Outline of Contents
Overview
Description
Introduction
Method
Results
References
Author Note
______________________________
Author contact information: Derrick L. Proctor, Andrews University, Behaviorial Sciences – Room 123G, 10030 Nethery Hall Road,
Berrien Springs, MI 49103-0030 (proctor@andrews.edu).
Copyright 2006 by Derrick L. Proctor and Alisa M. E. Williams. All rights reserved. You may reproduce multiple copies of this
material for your own personal use, including use in your classes and/or sharing with individual colleagues as long as the authors’’
names and institutions and the Office of Teaching Resources in Psychology heading or other identifying information appear on the
copies of the document. No other permission is implied or granted to print, copy, reproduce, or distribute additional copies of this
material. Anyone who wishes to produce copies for purposes other than those specified above must obtain the permission of the
authors.
1
Introduction
Teachers of Introduction to Psychology are not specialists in every aspect of the content. In
tailoring their courses, teachers may unintentionally omit important topics, or emphasize trivial
ones. Using the data presented in this resource on frequency and extent of textbooks’ coverage
of various concepts helps instructors deliver more balanced, comprehensive courses in
introductory psychology. Current Introduction to Psychology texts have similar, if not identical,
chapter titles and sequence of chapters, but the terminology used in the texts sometimes differs
considerably (Griggs, Bujak-Johnson, Proctor, 2004; Griggs, Jackson, Christopher, Marek,
1999). Additionally, teaching Introduction to Psychology has become more complex with more
areas and subspecialties in the field of psychology. The data presented in this resource clarify
which concepts are most frequently cited in Introduction to Psychology texts.
Method
Thirty-three full-length Introduction to Psychology textbooks, copyrighted from 2003 to 2005,
were used to determine the most frequently cited concepts. The glossary of each text was
entered into a database. All terms were entered into the database as separate entries unless
the terms were identical or if they were singular/plural forms of the same term. For example,
defense mechanism and defense mechanisms were entered as the same term. However, if one
text used the term unconditioned stimulus and other texts used the term unconditioned stimulus
(UCS), or just US, these were entered as separate terms. This process continued until all terms
from all texts had been entered. After all terms were entered, synonyms and abbreviations
were combined with the most frequently used form of the concept. When we were uncertain
whether particular terms were synonyms, we consulted The Dictionary of Psychology (Corsini,
1999). Frequently, terms that were used by only one or a few authors were not found in the
dictionary, and might be classified as “egocentric” terms.
Results
A total of 6,826 different terms were identified initially. After combining synonyms and
abbreviations 4,902 unique concepts emerged. Of these, 428 were found in 50% or more of the
texts. We designated these as “core concepts.” Only 33 concepts were listed in 100% of the
textbooks. Table 1 lists the 428 core concepts in alphabetical order. Table 2 lists the 428 terms
in order of importance or citation frequency. Table 3 lists the 428 concepts in alphabetical
order, according to the chapter of the text where they are most likely to be found. Table 4 lists
the 428 concepts in order of frequency, according to the chapter of the text where they are most
likely to be found. Of note, no text includes 100% of the core concepts. The highest coverage
of core concepts is 87.5%, with most texts covering 60% to 80% of core concepts (Griggs,
Bujak-Johnson, & Proctor, 2004).
At the beginning of a quarter/semester, teachers might compare a new textbook to the
information in Tables 1-4 to identify the core concepts in each chapter, as well as additional
concepts that have been omitted from the text. Handouts for students can provide information
about the relative importance of each concept and the percentage of texts citing each core
concept. Terms that are in the core concept list that have not been included by that particular
text also can be listed along with the percentage of texts that do include the concept.
One way to use the terms is especially relevant to psychology majors. Concepts presented in
the largest number of texts are more likely to appear in other courses as well.
2
Students preparing to take the Psychology GRE may find it helpful to review the concepts that
are frequently used in the first course in psychology.
Core concepts may be used in conjunction with whatever else the teacher chooses to
emphasize. Although texts may emphasize a particular viewpoint (cognitive, biological,
evolutionary, etc.), the core concepts identify a conceptual foundation agreed upon by authors
from many perspectives.
References
(Textbooks used in this study are marked by an asterisk*.)
Baucum, D., Smith, C., Kagan, J., Segal, J., & Havemann, E. (2004). Kagan and Segal's
psychology: An introduction (9th ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson/Wadsworth.*
Bernstein, D. A., Penner, L. A., Clarke-Stewart, A., & Roy, E. J. (2003). Psychology (6th ed.).
Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.*
Compendium of Introductory Psychology Texts (2005, March 4). Retrieved April 13, 2006, from
http://www.lemoyne.edu/OTRP/introtexts.html
Coon, D. (2004). Introduction to psychology: Gateways to mind and behavior (10th ed.).
Belmont, CA: Thomson/Wadsworth.*
Corsini, R. J. (1999). The dictionary of psychology. Philadelphia: Brunner/Mazel.
Davis, S. F., & Palladino, J. J. (2004). Psychology (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ:
Pearson/Prentice Hall.*
Divisions of the American Psychological Association (2006). Retrieved April 13, 2006, from
http://www.apa.org/about/division.html
Ettinger, R. H. (2004). Introduction to psychology. Reno, NV: Best Value Textbooks.*
Feldman, R. S. (2005). Understanding psychology (7th ed.). Boston: McGraw Hill.*
Franzoi, S. L. (2004). Psychology: A journey of discovery (2nd ed.). Cincinnati, OH: Atomic
Dog.*
Gazzaniga, M. S., & Heatherton, T. F. (2003). Psychological science: Mind, brain and behavior.
New York: Norton.*
Gerow, J., & Bordens, K. (2005). Psychology: An introduction (8th ed.). Reno, NV: Harrison
Press.*
Gerrig, R., & Zimbardo, P. (2005). Psychology and life (17th ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.*
Gleitman, H., Fridlund, A. J., & Reisberg, D. (2005). Psychology (6th ed.). New York: Norton.*
Griggs, R. A., Bujak-Johnson, A., & Proctor, D. L. (2004). Using common core vocabulary in
text selection and teaching the introductory course. Teaching of Psychology, 31, 265269.
3
Griggs, R. A., Jackson, S. L., Christopher, A. N., & Marek, P. (1999). Introductory psychology
textbooks: An objective analysis and update. Teaching of Psychology, 26, 182-189.
Hockenbury, D. H., & Hockenbury, S. E. (2003). Psychology (3rd ed.). New York: Worth.*
Huffman, K. (2004). Psychology in action (7th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.*
Kalat, J. W. (2005). Introduction to psychology (7th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.*
Kassin, S. (2004). Psychology (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall.*
Kosslyn, S. M., & Rosenberg, R. S. (2004). Psychology: The brain, the person, the world (2nd
ed.). Boston: Pearson/Allyn and Bacon.*
Kowalski, R., & Westen, D. (2005). Psychology (4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.*
Lahey, B. B. (2004). Psychology: An introduction (8th ed.). Boston: McGraw Hill.*
Lefton, L. A., & Brannon, L. (2003). Psychology (8th ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.*
Morris, C. G., & Maisto, A. A. (2005). Psychology: An introduction (12th ed.). Upper Saddle
River, NJ: Prentice Hall.*
Myers, D. (2004). Psychology (7th ed.). New York: Worth.*
Nairne, J. S. (2003). Psychology: The adaptive mind (3rd ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson/
Wadsworth.*
Nevid, J. S. (2003). Psychology: Concepts and applications. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.*
Passer, M., & Smith, R. (2004). Psychology: The science of mind and behavior (2nd ed.).
Boston: McGraw Hill.*
Plotnik, R. (2005). Introduction to psychology (7th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.*
Rathus, S. A. (2005). Psychology concepts and connections (9th ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson/
Wadsworth.*
Santrock, J. W. (2005). Psychology (7th ed.). Boston: McGraw Hill.*
Smith, E. E., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Frederickson, B., & Loftus, G. R. (2003). Atkinson &
Hilgard's introduction to psychology (14th ed.). Belmont: Thomson/Wadsworth.*
Sternberg, R. J. (2004). Psychology (4th ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson/Wadsworth.*
Wade, C., & Tavris, C. (2003). Psychology (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.*
Weiten, W. (2004). Psychology: Themes and variations (6th ed.). Pacific Grove, CA:
Thomson/Wadsworth.*
4
Wood, S. E., Wood, E. G., & Boyd, D. (2005). The world of psychology (5th ed.). Boston: Allyn
and Bacon.*
Zimbardo, P. G., Weber, A. L., & Johnson, R.L. (2003). Psychology (4th ed.). Boston: Allyn and
Bacon.*
Author Note
We wish to thank Richard Griggs for his tireless efforts on reviewing earlier versions of this
research.
5
Table 1
Core Concepts Listed Alphabetically
Concept
%*
Concept
%*
Absolute threshold
Accommodation (perceptual)
Accommodation (Piaget)
Acetylcholine (Ach)
Action potential
Activation synthesis hypothesis
Adolescence
Aggression
Agoraphobia
Algorithms
All or none law
Altruism
Alzheimer's disease
Amnesia
Amygdala
Anal stage
Anorexia nervosa
Anterograde amnesia
Antidepressant drugs
Antipsychotic drugs
Antisocial personality disorder
Anxiety disorders
Archetypes
Assimilation
Association areas
Attachment
Attitude
Attribution
Autonomic nervous system
Availability heuristic
Aversion therapy
Axon
Basilar membrane
Behavior therapy
Behavioral genetics
Behaviorism
Big five
97
64
88
52
94
67
52
67
91
91
55
61
58
58
67
55
97
76
67
79
88
76
64
88
58
88
94
64
97
73
73
100
61
85
64
94
67
Binocular cues
Biofeedback
Biopsychosocial model
Bipolar disorder
Blind spot
Bottom up processing
Bulimia nervosa
Cannon Bard theory
Case study
Cell body
Central nervous system (CNS)
Cerebellum
Cerebral cortex
Chromosomes
Chunking
Circadian rhythms
Classical conditioning
Client centered therapy
Cochlea
Cognition
Cognitive dissonance
Cognitive map
Cognitive psychology
Cognitive therapy
Collective unconscious
Concept
Concrete operational stage
Conditioned response (CR)
Conditioned stimulus (CS)
Cones
Confirmation bias
Conformity
Consciousness
Conservation
Continuous reinforcement
Control group
Convergence
73
55
73
91
58
67
94
61
97
76
100
94
100
88
88
91
100
91
82
52
100
61
70
94
82
85
88
100
100
94
61
88
85
79
73
88
55
Table 1 (continued).
Concept
%*
Concept
Conversion disorders
Cornea
Corpus callosum
Correlation coefficient
Correlational research
Creativity
Critical period
Cross sectional study
Crystallized intelligence
CT (computed tomography) scan
Dark adaptation
Decay theory
Declarative memory
Defense mechanisms
Deindividuation
Delusions
Dendrites
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Dependent variable
Depressants
Descriptive statistics
Developmental psychology
Difference threshold
Diffusion of responsibility
Discrimination (social behavior)
Discriminative stimulus
Displacement (defense mechanism)
Dissociative amnesia
Dissociative disorders
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
Divergent thinking
Double blind study
Drive
DSM-IV
Eardrum
Ego
Egocentrism
Elaborative rehearsal
58
52
88
82
70
85
85
64
85
55
58
55
61
100
64
82
100
55
100
76
55
64
94
94
67
61
52
67
85
61
97
61
64
79
55
58
100
70
70
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Embryo
Emotion
Emotional intelligence
Encoding
Encoding specificity principle
Endocrine system
Endorphins
Episodic memory
Evolutionary psychology
Experiment
Experimental group
Explicit memory
Extinction (classical conditioning)
Extinction (operant conditioning)
Extrinsic motivation
Facial feedback hypothesis
Factor analysis
Family therapy
Feature detector
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Fetus
Fixation (Freudian)
Fixed interval schedule
Fixed ratio schedule
Flashbulb memories
Fluid intelligence
Forebrain
Formal operational stage
Fovea
Fraternal twins
Free association
Frequency theory
Frontal lobes
Frustration aggression hypothesis
Functional fixedness
Functional magnetic resonance
imaging (fMRI)
%*
97
73
67
94
61
76
55
82
73
91
82
94
76
76
88
70
58
61
61
73
67
58
70
64
79
82
73
82
52
91
85
55
88
61
76
52
88
55
Table 1 (continued).
Concept
%*
Concept
%*
Functionalism
Fundamental attribution error
g factor
Gate control theory
Gender
Gender identity
Gender roles
Gene
General adaptation syndrome (GAS)
Generalized anxiety disorder
Genital stage
Genotype
Gestalt psychology
Glial cells
Group polarization
Group therapy
Groupthink
Habituation
Hallucinations
Hallucinogens
Health psychology
Heritability
Heuristic
Hierarchy of needs
Hindbrain
Hippocampus
Homeostasis
Hormones
Hue
Humanistic psychology
Hypnosis
Hypochondriasis
Hypothalamus
Hypothesis
Id
Identical twins
Implicit memory
Imprinting
Incentive
85
97
70
67
55
64
73
97
91
97
55
55
82
76
70
70
76
61
79
79
82
70
100
58
55
67
91
94
55
91
91
55
97
88
100
58
88
55
55
Independent variable
Inferential statistics
Informed consent
Insight (learning)
Insomnia
Instinct
Intelligence
Intelligence quotient (IQ)
Interneurons
Intrinsic motivation
Introspection
Iris
James Lange theory
Language
Latency stage
Latent content
Latent learning
Law of effect
Learned helplessness
Learning
Lens
Limbic system
Locus of control
Long term memory (LTM)
Long term potentiation (LTP)
Longitudinal study
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Maintenance rehearsal
Major depressive disorder
Mania
Manifest content
Maturation
Mean
Median
Meditation
Medulla
Memory
Menarche
Menopause
100
61
52
76
82
79
88
91
67
70
55
58
76
67
52
76
70
82
88
94
61
94
58
100
58
67
73
58
79
70
76
64
67
64
67
79
73
58
58
Table 1 (continued).
Concept
Mental age
Mental retardation
Mental set
Meta analysis
Midbrain
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality
Inventory (MMPI)
Mnemonic devices
Mode
Monocular cues
Mood disorders
Morpheme
Motivation
Motor cortex
Motor neurons
Myelin sheath
Narcolepsy
Natural selection
Naturalistic observation
Need for achievement
Negative reinforcement
Neurons
Neurotransmitters
Norm (testing)
Normal distribution
Obedience
Object permanence
Observational learning
Obsessive compulsive disorder
(OCD)
Occipital lobes
Oedipus complex
Olfaction
Operant conditioning
Operational definition
Opiates
Opponent process theory (color)
Optic nerve
Oral stage
%*
61
58
73
70
61
58
73
64
79
79
82
97
52
61
88
79
64
88
52
91
97
97
52
67
64
94
100
94
73
82
58
100
79
70
88
61
55
Concept
%*
Panic disorder
Parasympathetic nervous system
Parietal lobes
Partial reinforcement
Perception
Perceptual constancy
Peripheral nervous system
Personality
Personality disorders
Phallic stage
Phenotype
Pheromones
Phobia
Phoneme
Physical dependence
Pitch
Pituitary gland
Place theory
Placebo
Placebo effect
Pleasure principle
Polygraph
Pons
Population
Positive reinforcement
Positron emission tomography (PET)
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Prejudice
Preoperational stage
Primacy effect
Primary reinforcers
Priming
Proactive interference
Procedural memory
Projection
Projective tests
Prototype
Psychoactive drugs
Psychoanalysis
94
94
73
79
94
82
100
97
97
55
55
76
91
82
67
70
85
73
61
58
52
52
64
52
91
76
94
88
85
61
85
64
88
79
58
100
88
82
100
Table 1 (continued).
Concept
Psychodynamic theories
Psychology
Psychoneuroimmunology
Psychophysics
Psychosexual stages
Psychosurgery
Psychotherapy
Puberty
Punishment
Pupil
Random assignment
Range
Rational emotive behavior therapy
(REBT)
Rationalization
Reaction formation
Reality principle
Recall
Receptors
Reciprocal determinism
Recognition
Reflex
Reinforcement
Reliability
REM sleep
Replication
Representativeness heuristic
Repression
Resistance
Resting potential
Reticular formation
Retina
Retinal disparity
Retrieval
Retroactive interference
Retrograde amnesia
Rods
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Sample
%*
70
97
61
67
64
73
82
88
91
61
70
58
76
55
52
52
58
61
58
64
70
91
97
88
52
73
85
76
64
67
97
73
73
88
76
94
58
64
Concept
%*
Schedule of reinforcement
Schemas
Schizophrenia
Scientific method
Secondary reinforcers
Self actualization
Self concept
Self efficacy
Self fulfilling prophecy
Self serving bias
Semantic memory
Semantics
Sensation
Sensorimotor stage
Sensory adaptation
Sensory memory
Sensory neurons
Serial position effect
Set point (weight)
Sexual orientation
Shape constancy
Shaping
Signal detection theory
Size constancy
Sleep apnea
Social facilitation
Social loafing
Social norms
Social phobia
Social psychology
Social support
Somatic nervous system
Somatoform disorders
Specific phobia
Spinal cord
Spontaneous recovery
Standard deviation
Standardization
State dependent memory
52
91
100
52
91
82
64
79
61
67
94
67
100
85
67
76
79
67
67
70
55
100
67
55
76
64
64
61
70
91
64
82
58
58
52
100
64
64
52
Table 1 (continued).
Concept
%*
Concept
%*
Stereotype
Stimulants
Stimulus discrimination
Stimulus generalization
(conditioning)
Storage
Stress
Stressors
Structuralism
Subliminal perception
Superego
Survey
Sympathetic nervous system
Synapse
Syntax
Systematic desensitization
Taste buds
Telegraphic speech
Temperament
Temporal lobes
Teratogens
Thalamus
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Theory
Token economy
Tolerance
Top down processing
Trait
Transduction
Transference
Triarchic theory of intelligence
Trichromatic theory
Two factor theory of emotion
Type A behavior pattern
Type B behavior pattern
Unconditional positive regard
97
88
100
100
Unconditioned response (UCR)
Unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
Unconscious
Validity
Variable interval schedule
Variable ratio schedule
Variables
Vestibular sense
Weber's law
Working memory
Zygote
100
100
79
97
82
82
52
61
76
100
64
70
97
61
85
52
100
88
97
100
79
100
73
52
79
73
55
100
64
88
58
79
67
91
76
88
55
85
58
82
52
76
* Percentage of glossaries the term was found in out of 33 textbooks.
Table 2
Core Concepts Listed by Frequency
Concept
%*
Concept
Axon
Central nervous system (CNS)
Cerebral cortex
Classical conditioning
Cognitive dissonance
Conditioned response (CR)
Conditioned stimulus (CS)
Defense mechanisms
Dendrites
Dependent variable
Ego
Heuristic
Id
Independent variable
Long term memory (LTM)
Observational learning
Operant conditioning
Peripheral nervous system
Projective tests
Psychoanalysis
Schizophrenia
Sensation
Shaping
Spontaneous recovery
Stimulus discrimination
Stimulus generalization
(conditioning)
Superego
Synapse
Systematic desensitization
Thalamus
Unconditioned response (UCR)
Unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
Working memory
Absolute threshold
Anorexia nervosa
Autonomic nervous system
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Case study
Dissociative identity disorder
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
Fundamental attribution error
Gene
Generalized anxiety disorder
Hypothalamus
Motivation
Neurons
Neurotransmitters
Personality
Personality disorders
Psychology
Reliability
Retina
Stereotype
Stress
Sympathetic nervous system
Validity
Action potential
Attitude
Behaviorism
Bulimia nervosa
Cerebellum
Cognitive therapy
Cones
Difference threshold
Diffusion of responsibility
Emotion
Experiment
Hormones
Learning
Limbic system
Object permanence
Obsessive compulsive disorder
(OCD)
Panic disorder
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
97
97
97
%*
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
Table 2 (continued).
Concept
Parasympathetic nervous system
Perception
Posttraumatic stress disorder
(PTSD)
Rods
Semantic memory
Agoraphobia
Algorithms
Bipolar disorder
Circadian rhythms
Client centered therapy
Episodic memory
Formal operational stage
General adaptation syndrome (GAS)
Homeostasis
Humanistic psychology
Hypnosis
Intelligence quotient (IQ)
Negative reinforcement
Phobia
Positive reinforcement
Punishment
Reinforcement
Schemas
Secondary reinforcers
Social psychology
Trait
Accommodation (Piaget)
Antisocial personality disorder
Assimilation
Attachment
Chromosomes
Chunking
Concrete operational stage
Conformity
Control group
Corpus callosum
Extinction (classical conditioning)
Free association
%*
94
94
94
94
94
91
91
91
91
91
91
91
91
91
91
91
91
91
91
91
91
91
91
91
91
91
88
88
88
88
88
88
88
88
88
88
88
88
Concept
Functional fixedness
Hypothesis
Implicit memory
Intelligence
Learned helplessness
Myelin sheath
Naturalistic observation
Opponent process theory (color)
Prejudice
Proactive interference
Prototype
Puberty
REM sleep
Retroactive interference
Stimulants
Survey
Theory
Transference
Behavior therapy
Concept
Consciousness
Creativity
Critical period
Crystallized intelligence
Dissociative disorders
Fovea
Functionalism
Pituitary gland
Preoperational stage
Primary reinforcers
Repression
Sensorimotor stage
Structuralism
Trichromatic theory
Cochlea
Collective unconscious
Correlation coefficient
Delusions
Endocrine system
%*
88
88
88
88
88
88
88
88
88
88
88
88
88
88
88
88
88
88
85
85
85
85
85
85
85
85
85
85
85
85
85
85
85
85
82
82
82
82
82
Table 2 (continued).
Concept
Evolutionary psychology
Fixed ratio schedule
Fluid intelligence
Gestalt psychology
Health psychology
Insomnia
Law of effect
Morpheme
Oedipus complex
Perceptual constancy
Phoneme
Psychoactive drugs
Psychotherapy
Self actualization
Somatic nervous system
Type A behavior pattern
Variable interval schedule
Variable ratio schedule
Antipsychotic drugs
Conservation
Drive
Fixed interval schedule
Hallucinations
Hallucinogens
Instinct
Major depressive disorder
Medulla
Monocular cues
Mood disorders
Narcolepsy
Operational definition
Partial reinforcement
Procedural memory
Self efficacy
Sensory neurons
Syntax
Temperament
Tolerance
Unconscious
%*
82
82
82
82
82
82
82
82
82
82
82
82
82
82
82
82
82
82
79
79
79
79
79
79
79
79
79
79
79
79
79
79
79
79
79
79
79
79
79
Concept
Anterograde amnesia
Anxiety disorders
Cell body
Depressants
Encoding
Experimental group
Explicit memory
Frontal lobes
Glial cells
Groupthink
Insight (learning)
James Lange theory
Latent content
Manifest content
Pheromones
Positron emission tomography (PET)
Rational emotive behavior therapy
(REBT)
Resistance
Retrograde amnesia
Sensory memory
Sleep apnea
Transduction
Unconditional positive regard
Weber's law
Availability heuristic
Aversion therapy
Binocular cues
Biopsychosocial model
Continuous reinforcement
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Endorphins
Family therapy
Flashbulb memories
Gender roles
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Memory
Mental set
Mnemonic devices
%*
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
Table 2 (continued).
Concept
Occipital lobes
Parietal lobes
Place theory
Psychosurgery
Representativeness heuristic
Retinal disparity
Retrieval
Taste buds
Temporal lobes
Cognitive psychology
Correlational research
Egocentrism
Elaborative rehearsal
Extinction (operant conditioning)
Fetus
g factor
Group polarization
Group therapy
Heritability
Intrinsic motivation
Latent learning
Mania
Meta analysis
Opiates
Pitch
Psychodynamic theories
Random assignment
Reflex
Sexual orientation
Social phobia
Storage
Activation synthesis hypothesis
Aggression
Amygdala
Antidepressant drugs
Big five
Bottom up processing
Discrimination (social behavior)
Dissociative amnesia
%*
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
67
67
67
67
67
67
67
67
Concept
Embryo
Feature detector
Gate control theory
Hippocampus
Interneurons
Language
Longitudinal study
Mean
Meditation
Normal distribution
Physical dependence
Psychophysics
Reticular formation
Self serving bias
Semantics
Sensory adaptation
Serial position effect
Set point (weight)
Signal detection theory
Top down processing
Accommodation (perceptual)
Archetypes
Attribution
Behavioral genetics
Cross sectional study
Deindividuation
Developmental psychology
Double blind study
Fixation (Freudian)
Gender identity
Maturation
Median
Mode
Natural selection
Obedience
Pons
Priming
Psychosexual stages
Recognition
%*
67
67
67
67
67
67
67
67
67
67
67
67
67
67
67
67
67
67
67
67
64
64
64
64
64
64
64
64
64
64
64
64
64
64
64
64
64
64
64
Table 2 (continued).
Concept
Resting potential
Sample
Self concept
Social facilitation
Social loafing
Social support
Standard deviation
Standardization
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Zygote
Altruism
Basilar membrane
Cannon Bard theory
Cognitive map
Confirmation bias
Declarative memory
Discriminative stimulus
Dissociative fugue
Divergent thinking
Emotional intelligence
Facial feedback hypothesis
Factor analysis
Frequency theory
Habituation
Inferential statistics
Lens
Mental age
Midbrain
Motor neurons
Optic nerve
Placebo
Primacy effect
Psychoneuroimmunology
Pupil
Receptors
Self fulfilling prophecy
Social norms
Stressors
Vestibular sense
%*
64
64
64
64
64
64
64
64
64
64
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
Concept
Alzheimer's disease
Amnesia
Association areas
Blind spot
Conversion disorders
Dark adaptation
Eardrum
Extrinsic motivation
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Hierarchy of needs
Identical twins
Iris
Locus of control
Long term potentiation (LTP)
Maintenance rehearsal
Menarche
Menopause
Mental retardation
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality
Inventory (MMPI)
Olfaction
Placebo effect
Projection
Range
Recall
Reciprocal determinism
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Somatoform disorders
Specific phobia
Token economy
Two factor theory of emotion
All or none law
Anal stage
Biofeedback
Convergence
CT (computed tomography) scan
Decay theory
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Descriptive statistics
%*
58
58
58
58
58
58
58
58
58
58
58
58
58
58
58
58
58
58
58
58
58
58
58
58
58
58
58
58
58
58
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
Table 2 (continued).
Concept
DSM-IV
Encoding specificity principle
Fraternal twins
Functional magnetic resonance
imaging (fMRI)
Gender
Genital stage
Genotype
Hindbrain
Hue
Hypochondriasis
Imprinting
Incentive
Introspection
Oral stage
Phallic stage
Phenotype
Rationalization
Shape constancy
Size constancy
Teratogens
Triarchic theory of intelligence
Acetylcholine (Ach)
Adolescence
Cognition
Cornea
Displacement (defense mechanism)
Forebrain
Frustration aggression hypothesis
Informed consent
Latency stage
Motor cortex
Need for achievement
Norm (testing)
Pleasure principle
Polygraph
%*
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
52
52
52
52
52
52
52
52
52
52
52
52
52
52
Concept
Population
Reaction formation
Reality principle
Replication
Schedule of reinforcement
Scientific method
Spinal cord
State dependent memory
Subliminal perception
Telegraphic speech
Type B behavior pattern
Variables
* Percentage of glossaries the term was found in out of 33 textbooks.
%*
52
52
52
52
52
52
52
52
52
52
52
52
Table 3
Core Concepts Listed Alphabetically by Chapter Topic
Chapter Topic and Concept
INTRODUCTION (10 terms)
Behaviorism
Cognitive psychology
Evolutionary psychology
Functionalism
Gestalt psychology
Introspection
Population
Psychology
Scientific method
Structuralism
RESEARCH METHODS/
STATISTICS (29 terms)
Case study
Control group
Correlation coefficient
Correlational research
Dependent variable
Descriptive statistics
Double blind study
Experiment
Experimental group
Hypothesis
Independent variable
Inferential statistics
Informed consent
Mean
Median
Mode
Naturalistic observation
%
a
94
70
82
85
82
55
52
97
52
85
97
88
82
70
100
55
64
94
76
88
100
61
52
67
64
64
88
b
Normal distribution
Operational definition
Placebo
Placebo effect
Random assignment
67
79
58
61
70
Range
Replication
58 b
52
Chapter Topic and Concept
Sample
Standard deviation
Survey
Theory
Variables
PSYCHOBIOLOGY (65 terms)
Acetylcholine (Ach)
Action potential
All or none law
Amygdala
Association areas
Autonomic nervous system
Axon
Basilar membrane
Behavioral genetics
Cell body
Central nervous system (CNS)
Cerebellum
Cerebral cortex
Chromosomes
Corpus callosum
CT (computed tomography) scan
Dendrites
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Eardrum
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Endocrine system
Endorphins
Forebrain
Fraternal twins
Frontal lobes
Functional magnetic resonance
imaging (fMRI)
Gene
Genotype
Glial cells
Heritability
%
a
64
64
88
88
52
52
94
55
67
58
97
100
61
64
76
100
94
100
88
88
55
100
55
58
73
82
73
52
55
76
55
97
55
76
70
Table 3 (continued).
Chapter Topic and Concept
PSYCHOBIOLOGY (continued)
Hindbrain
Hippocampus
Homeostasis
Hormone
Hypothalamus
Identical twins
Interneurons
Limbic system
Magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI)
Medulla
Midbrain
Motor cortex
Motor neurons
Myelin sheath
Natural selection
Neurons
Neurotransmitters
Occipital lobes
Parasympathetic nervous system
Parietal lobes
Peripheral nervous system
Phenotype
Pituitary gland
Pons
Positron emission tomography
(PET)
Receptors
Resting potential
Reticular formation
Sensory neuron
Somatic nervous system
Spinal cord
Sympathetic nervous system
Synapse
Temporal lobes
Thalamus
%a
55
67
91
94
97
58
67
94
73
79
61
52
61
88
64
97
97
73
94
73
100
55
85
64
76
61
64
67
79
82
52
97
100
73
100
Chapter Topic and Concept
%a
DEVELOPMENT (29 terms)
Accommodation (Piagetian)
88
Adolescence
52
Alzheimer's disease
58
Assimilation
88
Attachment
88
Concrete operational stage
88
Conservation
79
Critical period
85
Cross sectional study
64
Developmental psychology
64
Egocentrism
70
Embryo
67
Fetal alcohol syndrome
58
Fetus
70
Formal operational stage
91
Gender
55
Gender identity
64
Imprinting
55
Longitudinal study
67
Maturation
64
Menarche
58
Menopause
58
Object permanence
94
Preoperational stage
85
Puberty
88
Schemas
91
Sensorimotor stage
85
Teratogens
55
Zygote
64
SENSATION/PERCEPTION (45 terms)
Absolute threshold
97
Accommodation (perceptual)
64
Binocular cues
73
Blind spot
58
Bottom up processing
67
Cochlea
82
Cones
94
Table 3 (continued).
Chapter Topic and Concept
SENSATION/ PERCEPTION
(continued)
Convergence
Cornea
Dark adaptation
Difference threshold
Feature detector
Fovea
Frequency theory
Gate control theory
Habituation
Hue
Iris
Lens
Monocular cues
Olfaction
Opponent process theory (color)
Optic nerve
Perception
Perceptual constancy
Pheromones
Pitch
Place theory
Psychophysics
Pupil
Retina
Retinal disparity
Rods
Sensation
Sensory adaptation
Shape constancy
Signal detection theory
Size constancy
Subliminal perception
Taste buds
Top down processing
Transduction
Trichromatic theory
Vestibular sense
%a
Chapter Topic and Concept
55
52
58
94
67
85
61
67
61
55
58
61
79
58
88
61
94
82
76
70
73
67
61
97
73
94
100
67
55
67
55
52
73
67
76
85
61
Weber's law
STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS
(19 terms)
Activation synthesis hypothesis
Biofeedback
Circadian rhythms
Consciousness
Depressants
Hallucinogens
Hypnosis
Insomnia
Latent content
Manifest content
Meditation
Narcolepsy
Opiate
Physical dependence
Psychoactive drugs
REM sleep
Sleep apnea
Stimulants
Tolerance
LEARNING (34 terms)
Aversion therapy
Classical conditioning
Cognitive map
Conditioned response (CR)
Conditioned stimulus (CS)
Continuous reinforcement
Discriminative stimulus
Extinction (classical conditioning)
Extinction (operant conditioning)
Fixed interval schedule
Fixed ratio schedule
Latent learning
Law of effect
Learned helplessness
Learning
Negative reinforcement
%a
76
67
55
91
85
76
79
91
82
76
76
67
79
70
67
82
88
76
88
79
73
100
61
100
100
73
61
88
70
79
82
70
82
88
94
91
Table 3 (continued).
Chapter Topic and Concept
LEARNING (continued)
Observational learning
Operant conditioning
Partial reinforcement
Positive reinforcement
Primary reinforcers
Punishment
Reflex
Reinforcement
Schedule of Reinforcement
Secondary reinforcers
Shaping
Spontaneous recovery
Stimulus discrimination
Stimulus generalization
Unconditioned response (UCR)
Unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
Variable interval schedule
Variable ratio schedule
MEMORY (32 terms)
Amnesia
Anterograde amnesia
Chunking
Decay theory
Declarative memory
Elaborative rehearsal
Encoding
Encoding specificity principle
Episodic memory
Explicit memory
Flashbulb memories
Implicit memory
Long term memory (LTM)
Long term potentiation (LTP)
Maintenance rehearsal
Memory
Mnemonic devices
Primacy effect
Priming
%a
100
100
79
91
85
91
70
91
52
91
100
100
100
100
100
100
82
82
58
76
88
55
61
70
76
55
91
76
73
88
100
58
58
73
73
61
64
Chapter Topic and Concept
%a
Proactive interference
88
Procedural memory
79
Recall
58
Recognition
64
Retrieval
73
Retroactive interference
88
Retrograde amnesia
76
Semantic memory
94
Sensory memory
76
Serial position effect
67
State dependent memory
52
Storage
70
Working memory
100
THOUGHT/LANGUAGE (17 terms)
Algorithms
91
Availability heuristic
73
Cognition
52
Concept
85
Confirmation bias
61
Functional fixedness
88
Heuristic
100
Insight (learning)
76
Language
67
Mental set
73
Morpheme
82
Phoneme
82
Prototypes
88
Representativeness heuristic
73
Semantics
67
Syntax
79
Telegraphic speech
52
INTELLIGENCE (16 terms)
Creativity
85
Crystallized intelligence
85
Divergent thinking
61
Emotional intelligence
61
Factor analysis
61
Fluid intelligence
82
g factor
70
Table 3 (continued).
Chapter Topic and Concept
%a
INTELLIGENCE (continued)
Intelligence
88
Intelligence quotient (IQ)
91
Mental age
61
Mental retardation
58
Norm (testing)
52
Reliability
97
Standardization
64
Triarchic theory of intelligence
55
Validity
97
EMOTION/MOTIVATION (17 terms)
Anorexia nervosa
97
Bulimia nervosa
94
Cannon Bard theory
61
Drive
79
Emotion
94
Extrinsic motivation
58
Hierarchy of needs
58
Incentive
55
Instinct
79
Intrinsic motivation
70
James Lange theory
76
Motivation
97
Need for achievement
52
Polygraph
52
Set point (weight)
67
Sexual orientation
70
Two factor theory of emotion
58
PERSONALITY (38 terms)
Anal stage
55
Archetypes
64
Big five
67
Collective unconscious
82
Defense mechanism
100
Displacement (defense
52
mechanism)
Ego
100
Fixation (Freudian)
64
Genital stage
55
Chapter Topic and Concept
%a
Humanistic psychology
Id
Latency stage
Locus of control
Minnesota Multiphasic
Personality Inventory
Oedipus complex
Oral stage
Personality
Phallic stage
Pleasure principle
Projection
Projective test
Psychodynamic theories
Psychosexual stages
Rationalization
Reaction formation
Reality principle
Reciprocal determinism
Repression
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Self actualization
Self concept
Self efficacy
Superego
Temperament
Thematic Apperception Test
(TAT)
Trait
Transference
Unconscious
STRESS/HEALTH (10 terms)
Biopsychosocial model
General adaptation syndrome
(GAS)
Generalized anxiety disorder
Health psychology
Psychoneuroimmunology
Social support
91
100
52
58
58
82
55
97
55
52
58
100
70
64
55
52
52
58
85
58
82
64
79
100
79
64
91
88
79
73
91
97
82
61
64
Table 3 (continued).
Chapter Topic and Concept
STRESS/HEALTH (continued)
Stress
Stressors
Type A behavior pattern
Type B behavior pattern
DISORDERS (24 terms)
Agoraphobia
Antisocial personality disorder
Anxiety disorders
Bipolar disorder
Conversion disorder
Delusions
Dissociative amnesia
Dissociative disorders
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
DSM-IV
Hallucinations
Hypochondriasis
Major depressive disorder
Mania
Mood disorders
Obsessive compulsive disorder
(OCD)
Panic disorder
Personality disorders
Phobia
Posttraumatic stress disorder
(PTSD)
Schizophrenia
Somatoform disorders
Specific phobia
THERAPIES (18 terms)
Antidepressant drugs
Antipsychotic drugs
Behavior therapy
Client centered therapy
Cognitive therapy
%a
97
61
82
52
91
88
76
91
58
82
67
85
61
97
55
79
55
79
70
79
94
94
97
91
94
100
58
58
67
79
85
91
94
Chapter Topic and Concept
%a
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
97
Family therapy
73
Free association
88
Group therapy
70
Meta analysis
70
Psychoanalysis
100
Psychosurgery
73
Psychotherapy
82
Rational emotive behavior
76
therapy (REBT)
Resistance
76
Systematic desensitization
100
Token economy
58
Unconditional positive regard
76
SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY (25 terms)
Aggression
67
Altruism
61
Attitude
94
Attribution
64
Cognitive dissonance
100
Conformity
88
Deindividuation
64
Diffusion of Responsibility
94
Discrimination (social behavior)
67
Facial feedback hypothesis
61
Frustration aggression hypothesis
52
Fundamental attribution error
97
Gender roles
73
Group polarization
70
Groupthink
76
Obedience
64
Prejudice
88
Self fulfilling prophecy
61
Self serving bias
67
Social facilitation
64
Social loafing
64
Social norms
61
Social phobia
70
Table 3 (continued).
Chapter Topic and Concept
%a
SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY (continued)
Social psychology
91
Stereotype
97
a
Percentage of glossaries the term was found in out of 33 textbooks.
b
Found more often in a Statistics Appendix than in the Research Methods/Statistics chapter.
Table 4
Core Concepts Listed by Frequency and Chapter Topic
Chapter Topic and Concept
INTRODUCTION (10 terms)
Psychology
Behaviorism
Functionalism
Structuralism
Evolutionary psychology
Gestalt psychology
Cognitive psychology
Introspection
Population
Scientific method
RESEARCH METHODS/
STATISTICS (29 terms)
Dependent variable
Independent variable
Case study
Experiment
Control group
Hypothesis
Naturalistic observation
Survey
Theory
Correlation coefficient
Operational definition
Experimental group
Correlational research
Random assignment
Mean
Normal distribution
Double blind study
Median
Mode
Sample
Standard deviation
Inferential statistics
Placebo effect
%
a
Chapter Topic and Concept
Placebo
97
94
85
85
82
82
70
55
52
52
100
100
97
94
88
88
88
88
88
82
79
76
70
70
67
b
67
64
64
64
64
64
61
61
Range
Descriptive statistics
Informed consent
Replication
Variables
PSYCHOBIOLOGY (65 terms)
Axon
Central nervous system (CNS)
Cerebral cortex
Dendrites
Peripheral nervous system
Synapse
Thalamus
Autonomic nervous system
Gene
Hypothalamus
Neurons
Neurotransmitters
Sympathetic nervous system
Action potential
Cerebellum
Hormone
Limbic system
Parasympathetic nervous system
Homeostasis
Chromosomes
Corpus callosum
Myelin sheath
Pituitary gland
Endocrine system
Somatic nervous system
Medulla
Sensory neuron
Cell body
Frontal lobes
%
a
58
58 b
55
52
52
52
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
97
97
97
97
97
97
94
94
94
94
94
91
88
88
88
85
82
82
79
79
76
76
Table 4 (continued).
Chapter Topic and Concept
PSYCHOBIOLOGY (continued)
Glial cells
Positron emission tomography
(PET)
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Endorphins
Magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI)
Occipital lobes
Parietal lobes
Temporal lobes
Heritability
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Interneurons
Reticular formation
Behavioral genetics
Natural selection
Pons
Resting potential
Basilar membrane
Midbrain
Motor neurons
Receptors
Association areas
Eardrum
Identical twins
All or none law
CT (computed tomography) scan
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Fraternal twins
Functional magnetic resonance
imaging (fMRI)
Genotype
Hindbrain
Phenotype
Acetylcholine (Ach)
Forebrain
Motor cortex
%a
76
76
73
73
73
73
73
73
70
67
67
67
67
64
64
64
64
61
61
61
61
58
58
58
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
52
52
52
Chapter Topic and Concept
%a
Spinal cord
52
DEVELOPMENT (29 terms)
Object permanence
94
Formal operational stage
91
Schemas
91
Accommodation (Piagetian)
88
Assimilation
88
Attachment
88
Concrete operational stage
88
Puberty
88
Critical period
85
Preoperational stage
85
Sensorimotor stage
85
Conservation
79
Egocentrism
70
Fetus
70
Embryo
67
Longitudinal study
67
Cross sectional study
64
Developmental psychology
64
Gender identity
64
Maturation
64
Zygote
64
Alzheimer's disease
58
Fetal alcohol syndrome
58
Menarche
58
Menopause
58
Gender
55
Imprinting
55
Teratogens
55
Adolescence
52
SENSATION/PERCEPTION (45 terms)
Sensation
100
Absolute threshold
97
Retina
97
Cones
94
Difference threshold
94
Perception
94
Rods
94
Table 4 (continued).
Chapter Topic and Concept
SENSATION/ PERCEPTION
(continued)
Opponent process theory (color)
Fovea
Trichromatic theory
Cochlea
Perceptual constancy
Monocular cues
Pheromones
Transduction
Weber's law
Binocular cues
Place theory
Retinal disparity
Taste buds
Pitch
Bottom up processing
Feature detector
Gate control theory
Psychophysics
Sensory adaptation
Signal detection theory
Top down processing
Accommodation (perceptual)
Frequency theory
Habituation
Lens
Optic nerve
Pupil
Vestibular sense
Blind spot
Dark adaptation
Iris
Olfaction
Convergence
Hue
Shape constancy
Size constancy
Cornea
%a
88
85
85
82
82
79
76
76
76
73
73
73
73
70
67
67
67
67
67
67
67
64
61
61
61
61
61
61
58
58
58
58
55
55
55
55
52
Chapter Topic and Concept
Subliminal perception
STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS
(19 terms)
Circadian rhythms
Hypnosis
REM sleep
Stimulants
Consciousness
Insomnia
Psychoactive drugs
Hallucinogens
Narcolepsy
Tolerance
Depressants
Latent content
Manifest content
Sleep apnea
Opiate
Activation synthesis hypothesis
Meditation
Physical dependence
Biofeedback
LEARNING (34 terms)
Classical conditioning
Conditioned response (CR)
Conditioned stimulus (CS)
Observational learning
Operant conditioning
Shaping
Spontaneous recovery
Stimulus discrimination
Stimulus generalization
Unconditioned response (UCR)
Unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
Learning
Negative reinforcement
Positive reinforcement
Punishment
Reinforcement
%a
52
91
91
88
88
85
82
82
79
79
79
76
76
76
76
70
67
67
67
55
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
94
91
91
91
91
Table 4 (continued).
Chapter Topic and Concept
LEARNING (continued)
Secondary reinforcers
Extinction (classical conditioning)
Learned helplessness
Primary reinforcers
Fixed ratio schedule
Law of effect
Variable interval schedule
Variable ratio schedule
Fixed interval schedule
Partial reinforcement
Aversion therapy
Continuous reinforcement
Extinction (operant conditioning)
Latent learning
Reflex
Cognitive map
Discriminative stimulus
Schedule of Reinforcement
MEMORY (32 terms)
Long term memory (LTM)
Working memory
Semantic memory
Episodic memory
Chunking
Implicit memory
Proactive interference
Retroactive interference
Procedural memory
Anterograde amnesia
Encoding
Explicit memory
Retrograde amnesia
Sensory memory
Flashbulb memories
Memory
Mnemonic devices
Retrieval
Elaborative rehearsal
%a
91
88
88
85
82
82
82
82
79
79
73
73
70
70
70
61
61
52
100
100
94
91
88
88
88
88
79
76
76
76
76
76
73
73
73
73
70
Chapter Topic and Concept
%a
Storage
70
Serial position effect
67
Priming
64
Recognition
64
Declarative memory
61
Primacy effect
61
Amnesia
58
Long term potentiation (LTP)
58
Maintenance rehearsal
58
Recall
58
Decay theory
55
Encoding specificity principle
55
State dependent memory
52
THOUGHT/LANGUAGE (17 terms)
Heuristic
100
Algorithms
91
Functional fixedness
88
Prototypes
88
Concept
85
Morpheme
82
Phoneme
82
Syntax
79
Insight (learning)
76
Availability heuristic
73
Mental set
73
Representativeness heuristic
73
Language
67
Semantics
67
Confirmation bias
61
Cognition
52
Telegraphic speech
52
INTELLIGENCE (16 terms)
Reliability
97
Validity
97
Intelligence quotient (IQ)
91
Intelligence
88
Creativity
85
Crystallized intelligence
85
Fluid intelligence
82
Table 4 (continued).
Chapter Topic and Concept
%a
INTELLIGENCE (continued)
g factor
70
Standardization
64
Divergent thinking
61
Emotional intelligence
61
Factor analysis
61
Mental age
61
Mental retardation
58
Triarchic theory of intelligence
55
Norm (testing)
52
EMOTION/MOTIVATION (17 terms)
Anorexia nervosa
97
Motivation
97
Bulimia nervosa
94
Emotion
94
Drive
79
Instinct
79
James Lange theory
76
Intrinsic motivation
70
Sexual orientation
70
Set point (weight)
67
Cannon Bard theory
61
Extrinsic motivation
58
Hierarchy of needs
58
Two factor theory of emotion
58
Incentive
55
Need for achievement
52
Polygraph
52
PERSONALITY (38 terms)
Defense mechanism
100
Ego
100
Id
100
Projective test
100
Superego
100
Personality
97
Humanistic psychology
91
Trait
91
Transference
88
Repression
85
Chapter Topic and Concept
Collective unconscious
Oedipus complex
Self actualization
Self efficacy
Temperament
Unconscious
Psychodynamic theories
Big five
Archetypes
Fixation (Freudian)
Psychosexual stages
Self concept
Thematic Apperception Test
(TAT)
Locus of control
Minnesota Multiphasic
Personality Inventory
Projection
Reciprocal determinism
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Anal stage
Genital stage
Oral stage
Phallic stage
Rationalization
Displacement (defense
mechanism)
Latency stage
Pleasure principle
Reaction formation
Reality principle
STRESS/HEALTH (10 terms)
Generalized anxiety disorder
Stress
General adaptation syndrome
(GAS)
Health psychology
Type A behavior pattern
Biopsychosocial model
%a
82
82
82
79
79
79
70
67
64
64
64
64
64
58
58
58
58
58
55
55
55
55
55
52
52
52
52
52
97
97
91
82
82
73
Table 4 (continued).
Chapter Topic and Concept
STRESS/HEALTH (continued)
Social support
Psychoneuroimmunology
Stressors
Type B behavior pattern
DISORDERS (24 terms)
Schizophrenia
Dissociative identity disorder
Personality disorders
Obsessive compulsive disorder
(OCD)
Panic disorder
Posttraumatic stress disorder
(PTSD)
Agoraphobia
Bipolar disorder
Phobia
Antisocial personality disorder
Dissociative disorders
Delusions
Hallucinations
Major depressive disorder
Mood disorders
Anxiety disorders
Mania
Dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Conversion disorder
Somatoform disorders
Specific phobia
DSM-IV
Hypochondriasis
THERAPIES (18 terms)
Psychoanalysis
Systematic desensitization
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
Cognitive therapy
Client centered therapy
%a
64
61
61
52
100
97
97
94
94
94
91
91
91
88
85
82
79
79
79
76
70
67
61
58
58
58
55
55
100
100
97
94
91
Chapter Topic and Concept
%a
Free association
88
Behavior therapy
85
Psychotherapy
82
Antipsychotic drugs
79
Rational emotive behavior
76
therapy (REBT)
Resistance
76
Unconditional positive regard
76
Family therapy
73
Psychosurgery
73
Group therapy
70
Meta analysis
70
Antidepressant drugs
67
Token economy
58
SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY (25 terms)
Cognitive dissonance
100
Fundamental attribution error
97
Stereotype
97
Attitude
94
Diffusion of Responsibility
94
Social psychology
91
Conformity
88
Prejudice
88
Groupthink
76
Gender roles
73
Group polarization
70
Social phobia
70
Aggression
67
Discrimination (social behavior)
67
Self serving bias
67
Attribution
64
Deindividuation
64
Obedience
64
Social facilitation
64
Social loafing
64
Altruism
61
Facial feedback hypothesis
61
Self fulfilling prophecy
61
Table 4 (continued).
Chapter Topic and Concept
%a
SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY (continued)
Social norms
61
Frustration aggression hypothesis
52
a
b
Percentage of glossaries the term was found in out of 33 textbooks.
Found more often in a Statistics Appendix than in the Research Methods/Statistics chapter.