Age of Absolutism/Enlightenment Study Guide Scientific Revolution 1. What did people base their ideas on before the Scientific Revolution? 2. What did they base their ideas on after the Scientific Revolution? Identify the people described below: 3. _________________: Created the Scientific method. 4. _________________: Argued that the universe is heliocentric (_______-­‐centered). 5. _________________: Supported the heliocentric theory with his telescope. 6. _________________: Studied the circulation of blood. 7. _________________: Discovered gravity. 8. _________________: Studied planetary motion and said planets move in ellipse shaped orbits. Absolute Monarchs 9. Define absolute monarchy. 10. What phrase means these rulers get their power to rule from God? Identify the people described below: 11. _________________: Ruler of France; Built the Palace of Versailles; Revoked the Edict of ___________; “l’etat c’est moi.”; aka the Sun King 12. _________________: Ruler of France; Fought in the 30 Years’ War against the Habsburgs. 13. _________________: Ruler of _______________; strengthened his country’s military. 14. _________________: Ruler of Russia; westernized his country after a trip to Western Europe. Philosophers: 15. How was the Enlightenment similar to the Scientific Revolution? Identify the people described below: 16. _________________: Believed in natural rights (life, liberty & property); consent of the governed. 17. _________________: Wanted a Social Contract between the people and the government; consent of the governed. 18. _________________: Believed people are naturally evil and need an absolute ruler. 19. _________________: Wanted a separation of powers and checks and balances. 20. _________________: Believed in freedom of speech and religious toleration; “I do not agree with what you have to say, but I’ll defend to the death your right to say it.” English Civil War 21. Name the two sides in the English Civil War and their leaders. 22. What do William and Mary sign to become King and Queen of England? 23. How does that document affect their power compared to Parliament’s power? Complete the diagram below with the appropriate names: __________ is
executed.
The ________ win the
English Civil War.
_________
becomes a
dictator.
__________ is
restored as King of
England.
_________
succeeds him.
________________
become monarchs after
the Glorious Revolution.
French Revolution 24. The French Revolution wanted to go from what type of government to what different type of government? 25. Describe the Three Estates. 26. What country’s revolution influenced the French Revolution because it was successful? 27. What event started the French Revolution? 28. What was the Reign of Terror? 29. What monarch was killed by guillotine during the Reign of Terror? 30. Who ended the French revolution by becoming a dictator? Effects of the Age of Enlightenment 31. What were the major effects of the Enlightenment? Identify the people described below: 32. _________________: Reason the U.S. Constitution has 3 branches of government. 33. _________________: Wrote the Declaration of Independence; borrowed the idea of natural rights from Locke. 34. _________________: Influenced the 1st amendment. 35. _________________: wrote the first novel: Don Quixote. 36. _________________: Painted Liberty Leading the People. 37. _________________: Composed classical music. 38. _________________: Composed baroque music.