Science 10 Test Review
1. What is an ecosystem?
2. The fuel for ecosystems is…..
3. How does sunlight enter the food chain?
4. What are producers?
5. What are producers also known as?
6. What are consumers?
7. What are consumers also known as?
8. What are carnivores?
9. What are herbivores?
10. What are omnivores?
11. What do detritivores eat?
12. Give an example of a producer.
13. Give an example of a primary consumer.
14. Give an example of a secondary consumer.
15. Give an example of a tertiary consumer.
16. What produces more energy per unit of land area? Plants or animals?
17. Write the formula for photosynthesis.
18. Write the formula for cellular respiration.
19. How much energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next.
20. Define biotic, abiotic, interdependent.
21. Draw a pyramid of numbers, biomass, and energy for an ecosystem.
22. Give an example of an upside down pyramid of numbers and an example of an upside down pyramid of biomass.
23. What is biomass?
24. Why are there rarely more than four links in a food chain?
25. Explain how changes in one part of a food web affect populations in other parts of the web.
26. Draw a four-link food chain.
27. What is carrying capacity?
28. Explain the J-curve and S-curve for populations.

29. List four factors that determine carrying capacity.
30. Give an example of intraspecific and interspecific competition.
31. Give an example of density-dependent and density independent factors that affect population size.
32. How can overcrowding cause a reduction in population size?
33. What is productivity?
34. How is plant productivity affected by climate?
35. Give an example of a pesticide that is used to kill pests.
36. How can DDT spread through a food chain?
37. Why was DDT used to kill pests in the 1950’s and 1960’s?
38. What is biological magnification?
39. What is the relationship between DDT concentration and trophic level?
40. If you ate 600 KJ of cabbage at lunch and cabbage produces
5200kJ/m
2 how much land did it take to produce 600 kJ of cabbage?
41.
Be able to construct a bar graph and label it correctly (title, x and y axis)
42.
Be able to find the average of a group of numbers.
Dog
Rabbit
Human
Pig
Caterpillar
Fern
Dolphin
Whale
Flower
Seagull
Horse
Elephant
Grass
43.
Fill in the following chart. Remember, so organisms can be in more than one category.
Organism Trophic
Level
Primary/Secondary/Tertiary
Consumer or Producer
Tree 1st Producer
Herbivore, Omnivore,
Carnivore, Plant,
Detritivore
Plant

Test Review Answers
1. What is an ecosystem?
An ecosystem is all the organisms in an area that interact with each other and with their environment of energy and matter
2. The fuel for ecosystems is
….. the sun.
3. How does sunlight enter the food chain?
Sunlight is captured by green plants during photosynthesis and stored as chemical energy in carbohydrate molecules. The energy then passes from species to species when herbivores eat plants and carnivores eat the herbivores.
4. What are producers?
Producers are organisms that make their own food.
5. What are producers also known as?
Autotrophs
6. What are consumers?
Consumers are organisms that cannot make their own food and must eat producers or other consumers.
7. What are consumers also known as?
Heterotrophs
8. What are carnivores?
Organisms that eat animals.
9. What are herbivores?
Organisms that eat plants.
10. What are omnivores?
Organisms that eat both plants and animals.
11. What do detritivores eat?
They feed off dead and decaying organisms.
12. Give an example of a producer.
Tree
13. Give an example of a primary consumer.
Rabbit
14. Give an example of a secondary consumer. Fox
15. Give an example of a tertiary consumer . Human
16. What produces more energy per unit of land area? Plants or animals?
Plants produce more energy per unit of land area.
17. Write the formula for photosynthesis.

18. Write the formula for cellular respiration.
19 . How much energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next?
5-20%
20. Define biotic, abiotic, interdependent.
Biotic – living organisms
Abiotic – non-living organisms
Interdependent – depend on each other
21. Draw a pyramid of numbers, biomass, and energy for an ecosystem.
22. Give an example of an upside down pyramid of numbers and an example of an upside down pyramid of biomass .
Pyramid of numbers – beetle eating a tree
Pyramid of biomass – zooplankton eating phytoplankton
23.
What is biomass?
Biomass is the total dry mass of a given population of organisms.
24. Why are there rarely more than four links in a food chain?
There is not enough energy passed from one level to the next
25. Explain how changes in one part of a food web affect populations in other parts of the web.
If a species becomes extinct then whatever ate that species no longer can eat that species, so it has to find something else to eat.
Once it eats a different species, then that species declines in numbers which affects other organisms.
26. Draw a four-link food chain.
27. What is carrying capacity?
Carrying capacity is the largest population of a species that an environment can support.
28. Explain the J-curve and S-curve for populations .
The J-curve shows that population will keep increasing forever if there is enough resources available.

The S-curve shows that there is a maximum number of organisms that an environment can support.
29. List four factors that determine carrying capacity.
Energy and materials, Food Chains, Competition, Density
30. Give an example of intraspecific and interspecific competition.
Intraspecific competition – two deer fighting over apples
Interspecific competition – a wolf and a fox fighting over a rabbit
31. Give an example of density-dependent and density independent factors that affect population size.
Density-dependent factors – disease, food shortage, sickness
Density-independent factors - flood, tornado, earthquake
32. How can overcrowding cause a reduction in population size? If there is overcrowding then sickness, disease and starvation tend to happen which causes the population size to decrease.
33. What is productivity? Productivity is the average amount of new plant biomass produced each year per unit area
34. How is plant productivity affected by climate?
Warm, wet areas tend to have the highest levels of productivity.
Areas with low temperatures and little water tend to have the lowest levels of productivity.
35. Give an example of a pesticide that is used to kill pests.
DDT
36. How can DDT spread through a food chain?
Unfortunately, DDT continues to be used in some countries today because it is such an effective pesticide. It not only affects species living in these countries but it also affects species living elsewhere in the world, including people who consume foods and food imported from the tropics.
37. Why was DDT used to kill pests in the 1950’s and 1960’s?
During World War II, DDT was used to control populations of insects that can transmit diseases to people. As a result, the rate of death from malaria, bubonic plague, typhus and yellow fever dropped dramatically.
38. What is biological magnification? The process of DDT moving from producers to primary consumers and so on, and as

DDT moves up the trophic levels it increases in concentration it is called biological magnification.
39. What is the relationship between DDT concentration and trophic level? The higher the trophic level the higher the concentration of DDT.
40. If you ate 600 KJ of cabbage at lunch and cabbage produces 5200kJ/m
2
, how much land did it take to produce 600 kJ of cabbage?
600 KJ / 5200 kJ/m
2 =
0.115 m
2
Organism Trophic
Level
Primary/Secondary/Tertiary
Consumer or Producer
Herbivore,
Omnivore,
Carnivore, Plant,
Detritivore
Tree
Dog
1st
2 nd
, 3 rd
,
Rabbit
4th
2nd
Human 2,3,4
Pig 2,3
Caterpillar 2nd
Fern 1st
Dolphin 3, 4th
Producer
Secondary Consumer
Primary
Primary/Secondary/Tertiary
Consumer
Primary/Secondary
Primary
Plant omnivore
Herbivore
Omnivore
Omnivore
Herbivore
Plant
Carnivore
Whale
Flower
Seagull
Horse
Elephant
Grass
2,3,4
1st
2,3,4
2nd
2nd
1st
Producer
Secondary/Tertiary
Consumer
Primary/Secondary/Tertiary
Consumer
Producer
Primary/Secondary/Tertiary
Consumer
Primary
Primary
Producer
Carnivore
Plant
Detritivore
Herbivore
Herbivore
Plant