xvii Contents
Unit
IV
NEUROLOGIC AND NEUROMUSCULAR AGENTS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;
13 Central Nervous System Depressants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .2
14 Nonnarcotic and Narcotic Analgesics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . .2
12 Central Nervous System Stimulants.
15Anticonvulsants ........................................................2
16 Antipsychotics, Anxiolytics, and Antidepressants
17 Authnomic Nervous System
. . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 2
. . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .2
19 Cholinergics and Anticholinergics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
18 Adrenergics and Adrenergic Blockers
20 Drugs for Neuromuscular Disorders: Parkinsonism, Myasthenia Gravis, Multiple
Sclerosis, and Musde Spasms
....
r.
. . ....
. ..
... . . .
. . . . . . . ... . . .
.. . . .
.. . . . . 3
Unit
ANTIIK
AND
...a m m a r o r y m g~.
nnm
s . . . ... . . . . . . . .
. . .. . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . .
22 Antibacterials: Perucillins and Cephalosporins. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
*.
LI
A
23 Antibacterials. Macrolides, Tetracyclines, Aminoglycosides, Fluoroquinolones . . . . . . . . 3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 Antitubercular Drugs, Antifungal Drugs, Peptides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26 Antiviral, Antimalarial, and Anthelmintic Drugs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
27 Drugs for Urinary Tract Disorders. . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
24 Antibacterials: Sulfonamides . . . . .
Unit V1
ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS
28 Anticancer Drugs.
29 Biologic Response Modifiers
Anne E. Lara
.....
Contents xix
Unit VII
RESPIRATORY AGENTS
....
31 Drugs for Acute and Chronic Lower Respiratory Disorders . . . . .
30 Drugs for Common Upper Respiratory Infections. . . . . . . . .
Unit VIII
CARDIOVASCULAR AGENTS
32 Drugs for Cardiac Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33Diuretics
. ..... .... . . . .
..........................................
34 Antihypertensive Dmgs.
.. .. ... ... . . . .. . ..... .. . . . .. .
35 Drugs for Circulatory Disorders
.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit IX
GASTROINTESTINAL AGENTS
36 Drugs for Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders.
. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,541
Unit X
EYE,EAR, AND SKIN AGENTS
.
38 h g s for Disorders of the Eye and the Ear. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39 Dmgs for Dermatologic Disorders.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581
. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .596
Unit XI
ENDOCRINE AGENTS
40 Endocrine Pharmacology: Pituitary, Thyroid, Parathyroids, and Adrenals. . . . . . . . . . . . 610
xx
Contents
Unit XI1
REPRODUCTIVE AND GENDER-RELATED AGENTS
42 Drugs Assodated with the Female Reproductive Cycle: Pregnancy, Preterm Neonate,
Labor,andDelivery .....................................................
Jane Purnell Taylor
643
43 Drugs Associated with the Postpartum and the Newborn.
Jane Purnell T~yllor
44 Drugs Related to Women's Health and Disorders ......
Jane Purnell Taylor
45 Drugs Related to Reproductive Health: Male Reproductive Disorders.
Nmcy C. Sharts-Hopb
46 Drugs Related to Reproductive Health: Infertilify and Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Nancy C . Shmts-Hopko
. .731
Unit XI11
EMERGENCY AGENTS
47 Adult and Pediatric Emergency Drugs.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .751
Linda Laskowski-Jones
Appendix A: Generic Drugs with Corresponding Canadian Trade Drug Names . . . . . . . . ,767
Appendix B: Temperature Conversion: Celsius and Fahrenheit ...................... 771
Appendix C: Alternative Pediatric Drug Calculations
............................
,772
Appendix D: Recommended Daily Allowances for Vitamins and Minerals During
Pregnancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .773
Appendix E: Drugs That Discolor Urine and Feces
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,775
Appendix F: Vaccines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Appendix G: Laboratory Tests Related to Drug Use.
Glossary.
Index
.............................
.782
g Monitoring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.......... .791
...............................................
.......... .795
Appendix H: Therapeutic h
References
.................. .777
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................
801
. . ,819
r
Introduction to Prototype Drug Chart Use
I
I
'.
Nursing interventions related to drug therapy are based on pregnancy category, dosages, contraindications for drug use, drug-lab-food interactions, pharmacokiietics, pharmacodynamics, therapeutic effects/uses, mode of action, side effects, and adverse reactions, including
those that are life-threatening.The nursing process correlates with selected aspects of the drug
chart as illustrated in the drug chart format. Sample (not inclusive) activities are provided for
each step of the nursing process. A more comprehensive application of the nursing process is
detailed further in the chapters following each drug group.
The following is the basic format for prototype drug charts found in the chapters throughout Units JII to Xm.
PROTOTYPE DRUG
Assc~ismentand Planning
Interventions
PO:Onset:
Distribution: PB:
Metabolism: t'b
Excretia:
KEY: PO: by mouth; PB. pmtein-binding; t'h: half-life.
xxi
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xxii Introduction to Prototype Drug Chart Use
I!
I
For the selected drug category, one to two drugs are listed and compared according to
dosage; contraindications for drug use; interactions (drug-drug, drug-food, drug-laboratory);
pharmacokinetics; pharmacodynamics; therapeutic effects and mode of action; side effects;
and adverse reactions. Based on these data, the nursing process can be applied for each drug.
The nurse assesses contraindications for use related to the patient's past and present health,
illness, and drug history. Relevant laboratory test results, food, and other drugs the client is
taking should be assessed and recorded. Based on assessment data, a plan for drug use is developed. Nursing interventions include administering the drug by the appropriate route, in
the appropriate amount, and at the appropriate time Ciuenced by protein-binding and halflife); obtaining specimens such as blood and urine; monitoring the effectswith vital signs; observing for any untoward reactions; and client teaching (how drug is to be taken, side effects
to report, drug compliance). The nurse evaluates the effects of the drug and any side effects
or adverse reactions the client experiences with the drug therapy. Then further assessment
and nursing interventions follow.
The nurse may use this format to map out a specific drug and then proceed to identify the
specific implications for that drug in the nursing process format that is located on the right
side of the drug chart. The drug chart is an ideal format to use with clinical assignments. After initial preparation of the drug chart, the nurse may decide to save it to be used again
when administering the same drugs to other clients. The nursing process section may be
"penciled in" so it can be easily removed when used for another client.
There are a total of 92 dmg charts in this text, some of which compare pharmacologic data
for two drugs. For individual use in a clinical setting, one drug may be mapped out according to the drug chart format.
The following drug charts are included in this text:
I
iI
Unit 111
9 Vitamin and Mineral Replacement
.
Figure 9-2: Fat-Replacement Soluble Vitamin. Vitamin A
Figure 9-3: The Water-Soluble Vitamin: Vitamin C
Figure 9-4: Antianemia, Mineral: Iron
i
10 Fluid and Electrolyte Replacement
Figure 10-2: Potassium Chloride
Figure 10-3: Calcium
I
--
12 Central Nervous System Stimulants
Figure 12-1: Amphetamine-like Drugs
13 Central Newous System Depressants
Figure 13-2: Sedative-Hypnotic: Barbiturate
Figure 13-3: Sedative-Hypnotic: Benzodiazepine
14 Nonnarcotic and Narcotic Analgesics
Figure 14-1: Analgesic: Acetaminophen
Figure 14-2: Narcotic: Morphine
Figure 14-3: Narcotic: Meperidine
Figure 14-4: Narcotic: Agonist-Antagonist, Pentazocine
Inhoduction to Prototype Drug Chart Use xxiii
15 AnticomTulsank
Figure 15-1: Anticonvulsant: h n y t o i n
16 Antipsychotics, Anxiolytics, and Antidepressants
F i i 16-1: Antipsychotics (Neurolepticsk Chlorpromazine and Prochlorpa
Figure 16-2: Antipsychotic: Nonphenothiazine: Haloperidol
Figure 16-3: Anxiolytics: Diazepam
Figare 16-4: Antidepressants Amitriptyline and Amoxapine
Figure 16-5: Antimanic: Lithium
18 Adrenergics and Admergic Blockers
Figure 18-3: Adrenergic Agonist: Epinephrine
Figure 18-4: Beta-Adrenergic Agonist: Albuterol
Figure 18-5: Beta-Adrenergic Blocker (Sympatholytic): Propranolol
19 Cholinergics and Anticholinergics
Figure 19-3: Cholinergic: Bethanecho1
Figure 19-5: Anticholinergic Atropine Sulfate
Figme 19-6: Antiparkinsonism: Anticholinergic: Trihexyphe~dylH a
20 Drugs for Neuromuscular Disorders: Parkinsonism, Myasthenia G<avis,
Multiple Sclerosis, and Muscle Spasms
Figure 20-2: AntiparkinSo~~m:
Dopaminergic Carbidopa-Levodopa
Figure 20-3: Myasthenia Gravis Drugs for): Pyridostigmine
Figure 20-4: Muscle Relaxants Carisoprodol and Dantrolene
Unit V
21 Antiintlammatory Drugs
Figure 21-1:
Figure 21-2:
Figure 21-3:
Figure 21-4:
Analgesic and Antiinflammatory Drug: Aspirin
Antiinflammatory: Nonstemidal Antiinflammatory Drug (NSAII
Antiinflammatory Agent: Gold
Antigout: AUopurinol
22 Antibacterials: Penicillins and Cephalosporins
Figure 22-2: Penicillin Derivatives: Amoxicillin and Cloxacillin
Figure 22-3: Cephalosporins: Cefazolin and Cefaclor
23 Antibacterials: Maaolides, Tetracyclines, Aminoglycosides, Fluoroquinolones
F i 23-1: Antibacterials: Erythromycin
Figure 23-2: Antibaderials: Tetracyclines
Figure 23-3: Antibacterials: Aminoglycosides
Figure 23-4: Antibacterials: Fluoroquinolones (Quinolones)
24 Antibacterials: Sulfonamides
Figure 24-1: Antibaderials: Sulfonamides (Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole)
25 Antitubercular Drugs, Antifungal Drugs, Peptides
Figure 25-1: Antitubercular Drugs: Isoniazid
Figure 25-2. Antifungals: Nystatin