Most philosophers agree that an argument is not sound unless all aspects are true statements. Although, at times confusing, a valid argument can be both sound and unsound. What makes a valid argument unsound is simply having but one false statement, whereas a sound argument has all factual information that solidify and support that argument on all fronts. Having an emotional tie to a political stance is very powerful and at times unbreakable when compared to a politician who is unbiased. For example, one may have a friend or family member that supports same sex-­‐marriages, abortion rights, or immigration based on personal experiences. When this happens one may ‘flip flop’ their views and begin supporting these stances even if their own personal or moral beliefs contradict these issues. When emotional ties become connected to political issues, feelings of anger or contention of mistreatment or leniency tends to drive a fierce debate. Many times during election years a newspaper, radio talk show, or TV commentary may take an opposing party and try to smear their image and create public discord on opposing viewpoints. There are nine commonly known logical fallacies. Ad hominem, reductive fallacy, and appeal to majority are fallacies are all frequently experienced in todays political campaigns. Ad hominem simply means to attack the person instead of the policy they support, whereas reductive fallacy is a simplistic solution to a very complex problem. Lastly, an appeal to the majority means that even if an issue is false, if everyone agrees then it, the belief, is thought to be true. Other fallacies that one might see is post hoc ergo propter hoc, which implies causation without seeking out any correlation. Begging the question is also a popular fallacy in which one never answers the question being asked, but instead simply restates what has already been stated. Black and white thinking was seen often in times of war, statements such as, "Either for the war, or against America" were often used to sway the public. The last three logical fallacies that are seen to impact good political judgments are the straw man, overgeneralization, and non sequitur. Straw man fallacy is one where a solid issue is simplified and then ripped apart by the opponent. Overgeneralization seeks to simplify an argument such as stereotyping a gender or race, such as, "all women are good cooks," or stating that, "African Americans are all good at basketball." Whereas, non sequitur is an argument that does not support or provide any evidence to the original claim, this approach appeals to the emotions of men, but not the intelligence of evidence. There are two ways to help ourselves not fall victim to these pitfalls, the first being to have trustworthy sources. When we look back at the definition of a sound argument we remember that it means no false statements. While finding a reliable source, one must seek out an incorruptible and unbiased source; a source that states the facts but that also used neutral language allowing the viewer to create and unbiased opinion as well. Although our sources should be unbiased they should also be informed. Having veracious sources allows us to have what some may call an educated opinion on the matter. Secondly, to avoid pit falls we must have a variety of sources. Having an assortment of newspapers, radio stations, prominent TV news stations that are owned by several companies allows for an accurate portrayal from different viewpoints. With the media being managed more and more by large corporate owners, it becomes difficult to find unbiased news stations. Today it is common for a politician to have both a website that is accessible to those with internet connection, as well a books of their ideas leadership and various policies. These books can be found online, in book stores, and even accessed for free through public libraries. Although, the media can control what snippets of conversations they want to show the public, the best way to know candidates beliefs and plans for the state or country aligns with yours is by being a journalist yourself and doing a little research. The roles that education play within media examinations is exponential. Those who earn a 'good education' are seen as students who can identify statements that have hidden biases, as well a logical fallacies. Higher education seeks to allow students to become aware of both sides of an issue, allowing them not to necessarily agree with what is being stated, but understand another's point of view on various topics. Within the educational system, professors encourage and help develop the skills to access scholarly sources and examine whether a columnist is qualified, and by what means, to discuss a particular topic.