Title: Cross Cultural Psychology and Human

Diputació 92 Baixos 08015 Barcelona. Spain.

Title: Cross Cultural Psychology and Human Development

Description: Psychology has conventionally situated itself as universally applicable science, however, it can be described as a “modernist” and European-American phenomenon. This course explores the cultural aspects of psychology, examining how biology, psychology, and culture interact in the context of contemporary Spanish and North American societies. One of the key contributions of cultural psychology is thematizing the different filters that moderate how psychological phenomena are understood. These filters, which operate at both conceptual and epistemological levels in large part circumscribe how psychology is studied and applied. This course will provide a conceptual foundation for the understanding of psychology and culture, with a focus on human development, the self, intergroup relations, and cross-cultural communication. The study abroad experience will be used to experientially examine and apply the material covered in class. Finally, wider application of the material in the context of mental health and its care will be explored.

At the end of this course the student will have a basic understanding of

•

The concepts of culture, race, and ethnicity.

•

The concepts of absolutism, universalism and relativism, and relate them to the emicetic differentiation in the context of cross-cultural psychology.

•

A bio-psyco-sociocultural approach to human development and mental health.

•

Problemas and compensating strategies in cross-cultural research

•

The relationship between culture, race, and immigration on mental health

•

Pitfalls and optimizing strategies related to the study abroad experience, drawing from the cross-cultural psychology literature

•

Cultural competence and intercultural communication

Language of

Instruction: English

Total hours :

Credits:

45 hours

3 credits

METHODOLOGY

The course will use a combination of guided lectures, classroom interaction, student presentations and tours of the city.

Evaluation:

Attendance to classes and field trips is mandatory; poor attendance will affect the final grade of the student as well as the everyday participation grade.

The final grade consists of four different parts: class participation, a midterm written exam, a final written exam, and a final project. The breakdown of grades is made up as follows:

20% Class participation (classroom interaction, field studies, journal, and attendance)

25% Midterm written exam

25% Final written exam


30% Final project (15% Written paper, 15% class presentation)

Students will be required to “co-teach” one class along with the professor, in which the student will present the reading in question, note the key concepts or ideas presented, generate questions for class discussion, and provide a brief critical response to the reading.

Students will keep a weekly journal in which they will apply the class materials to their persona experience.

For the final project, students will write a paper about the “cross-cultural experience of study abroad” applying class material. The journals can provide a foundation for the paper, however, whereas the journals are informal reflections, the paper is a formal academic endeavor. To that end, the journals can function as “field notes”.

For the class presentations, students will work in groups of 4-5 and provide an indepth exploration of an issue of their interest relevant to cross-cultural psychology. To be discussed in class.

Attendance Policy:

Students are allowed THREE absences throughout the semester without penalty. Starting with the fourth absence, the student’s FINAL GRADE will be lowered by a fraction of a letter

(1/3 of a letter grade). For example, if a student has 4 absences and a final grade of B+, the grade will be lowered to a B, if 5 absences the grade is lowered to B-.

There are NO excused absences. If a student misses class because s/he is sick, that counts as one of the allowed absences. No excused absences and no excuses.

Class participation

Active class participation includes coming to class prepared, having read the material for that day, answering questions from the professor, asking questions and engaging in group activities. Students are encouraged to express their opinions in class with the professor and the other students.

Final project:

Required Readings:

Aegisdóttir, S., Gerstein, L. H., & Çinarbas, D. C. (2008). Methodological Issues in Cross-Cultural

Counseling Research. The Counseling Psychologist, 36 (2), 188-219.

Berry, J. W. (2005). Acculturation: Living successfully in two cultures. International Journal of

Intercultural Relations, 29 (6), 697-712.

Betancourt, H., & López, S. R. (1993). The Study of Culture, Ethnicity, and Race in American

Psychology. American Psychologist, 48 (6), 629-637.

Bhui, K., & Bhugra, D. (2002). Explanatory models for mental distress: implications for clinical practice and research. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 181 (1), 6-7.

Blakemore, S.-J. (2008). The social brain in adolescence. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 9 (4), 267-

277.


Bohannan, L. (1966). Shakespeare in the bush. Natural history.

Available online at http://naturalhistorymag.com/editors_pick/1966_08-09_pick.html

Carter, R. T., & Forsyth, J. (2010). Reactions to racial discrimination: Emotional stress and helpseeking behaviors. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 2 (3), 183-191.

Collazos, F., Qureshi, A., Antonin, M & Tomás-Sabado, J. (2008). Acculturative stress and mental health in the immigrant population. Papeles del Psicólogo, 29(3), pp. 307-315

Gaertner, S. L., & Dovidio, J. F. (2005). Understanding and Addressing Contemporary Racism: From

Aversive Racism to the Common Ingroup Identity Model. Journal of Social Issues, 61 (3), 615-639.

Helms, J. E. (1995). An update of Helm's White and people of color racial identity models. In .,

Ponterotto, J. G., Casas, J. M., Suzuki, L. A., & Alexander, C. M. (Eds.) Handbook of multicultural counseling.

(pp. 181-198): Thousand Oaks, CA, US: Sage Publications, Inc.

Kagitcibasi, C. (2002). A model of family change in cultural context. In W. J. Lonner, D. L. Dinnel, S.

A. Hayes, & D. N. Sattler (Eds.), Online Readings in Psychology and Culture (Unit 13, Chapter 1),

( http://www.wwu.edu/~culture ), Center for Cross-Cultural Research, Western Washington

University, Bellingham, Washington USA.

Kirmayer, L. J. (2001). Cultural variations in the clinical presentation of depression and anxiety:

Implications for diagnosis and treatment. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 62 (suppl 13), 22-28.

Kirmayer, L. J. (2007). Psychotherapy and the Cultural Concept of the Person. Transcultural

Psychiatry, 44 (2), 232-257.

Kuo, B. C. H. Culture's Consequences on Coping. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 42 (6), 1084-

1100.

Lucas, J. (2009). Over-stressed, Overwhelmed,and Over Here: Resident Directors and the

Challenges of Student Mental Health Abroad. Fronties: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad,

18, 187-215

Miller, J. (2002). Integrating cultural, psychological, and biological perspectives in understanding child development. In Keller, H., Poortinga, Y. H., & Scholmerich, A. (2002). Between Culture and

Biology : Perspectives on Ontogenetic Development . West Nyack, NY, USA: Cambridge University

Press. (pp. 136-158).

Phinney, J. S., & Ong, A. D. (2007). Conceptualization and measurement of ethnic identity: Current status and future directions. Journal of Counseling Psychology , 54 (3), 271-281

Pitts, M. J. (2009). Identity and the role of expectations, stress, and talk in short-term student sojourner adjustment: An application of the integrative theory of communication and cross-cultural adaptation. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 33 (6), 450-462.

Qureshi, A., & Collazos, F. (2011). The intercultural and interracial therapeutic relationship:

Challenges and recommendations. International Review of Psychiatry, 23 (1), 10-19.

Qureshi, A. & Eiroa, F. (in press). Training for overcoming health disparities in mental health care:

Interpretive-relational cultural competence. In S. Barnow (Ed.) Cultural Variations in Emotion

Regulation and Treatment of Psychiatric Patients. Göttingen: Hogrefe Publishers.

Saltman, K. J. (2005). The social construction of adolescence. In E. R. Brown & K. J. Saltman (Eds.),

The Critical Middle School Reader (pp. 15-20). New York: Routledge.


Segall, M. H., Lonner, W. J., & Berry, J. W. (1998). Cross-cultural psychology as a scholarly discipline: On the flowering of culture in behavioral research. American Psychologist, 53 (10), 1101-

1110.

SIT Study Abroad (2008). After Study Abroad :A toolkit for returning students . Available online at: http://www.worldlearning.org/OurWorld_documents/SITStudyAbroadReentryToolkit.pdf

Starkey, M. T., Lee, H. K., Tu, C.-C., Netland, J., Goh, M., Schuchman, D. M., et al. (2008). "Only

Allah Can Heal": A Cultural Formulation of the Psychological, Religious, and Cultural Experiences of a

Somali Man. Journal of Muslim Mental Health, 3 (2), 145-153.

Recommended Readings:

Berry, J. W., Poortinga, Y. H., Segall, M. H. & Dasen, P. R. (2002). Cross-cultural psychology: nd

Research and applications (2 ed.) . Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Bochner, S. (2003). Culture shock due to contact with unfamiliar cultures. [Available online: http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~culture/Bochner.htm]

Brislin, R. (2002). Encouraging depth rather than surface processing about cultural differences through critical incidents and role plays. [Available online: http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~culture/brislin.htm]

Cole, M. (1996). Cultural psychology. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press

Helman, C. (2001). Culture, health and illness. London: Arnold.

Kagitcibasi, C. (2002). A model of family change in cultural context. [Available online: http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~culture/kagitcibasi.htm]

Kim, U. & Berry, J. W. (Eds.). (1993). Indigenous psychologies. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Lucariello, J. (1995). Mind, culture, person: Elements in a cultural psychology. Human

Development, 38, 2-18.

Markus, H. & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self. Psychological Review . 98, 224-253.

Matsumoto, D. (1989). Cultural influences on the perception of emotion. Journal of Cross-Cultural

Psychology , 20, 92-105.

Ratner, C. (2000). Outline of a coherent, comprehensive concept of culture. Cross-Cultural

Psychology Bulletin, 34 (1 & 2), 5-11. [Available online: http://www.iaccp.org/bulletin/PDF/PDF_list.html]

Rohner, R. (1984). Towards a conception of culture for cross-cultural psychology. Journal of Cross-

Cultural Psychology, 15, 111-138.

Ryder, A. G., Yang, J., & Heine, S. J. (2002). Somatization vs. psychologization of emotional distress: A paradigmatic example for cultural psychopathology. [Available online: http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~culture/RyderYangHeine.htm]

Sam, D. L., & Moreira, V. (2002). The mutual embeddedness of culture and mental illness.

[Available online: http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~culture/Sam_Moreira.htm]

Smith, P.B. (2002). Levels of analysis in cross-cultural psychology. [Available online: http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~culture/smith.htm]


Triandis, H. C. (2002). Subjective http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~culture/triandis1.htm]

7 culture. [Available online:

Triandis, H.C. et al. (1993). An emic-etic analysis of individualism and collectivism. Journal of Cross-

Cultural Psychology , 24, 366-383. van de Vijver, F. (2002). Types of cross-cultural studies in cross-cultural psychology. [Available online: http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~culture/vandeVijver.htm]

Vontress, C. E. (2002). Culture and counseling. [Available online: http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~culture/Vontress.htm

Exams :

]

Both the midterm and the final exams may contain a mix of multiple choice, short answer and essay questions aimed to test the students’ full comprehension of facts and the ability to argue his/her opinions based on class material.

Content and daily schedule:

Class Activity Student Assignment Sessio n # 1

Date

Sessio n # 2

Date

Sessio n # 3

Date

Topic

Introduction to course

Topic

When cultures collide:

Shakespeare in the bush

Topic

What is cross cultural psychology?

Class Activity

Explore complexity of meaning across cultures

Class Activity

Overview of the interaction of culture and psychology

Student Assignment

Bohannan, L. (1966).

Shakespeare in the bush.

Natural history.

Available online at http://naturalhistorymag.com/e ditors_pick/1966_08-

09_pick.html


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Sessio n # 4

Date

Topic

Basic concepts1:

Culture and race

Class Activity

Explore the “meaning” of race, culture, and ethnicity in the U.S.,

Spain, and its relevance


Betancourt, H., & López, S. R.

(1993). The Study of Culture,

Ethnicity, and Race in American

Psychology. American


Sessio n # 5

Date

Sessio n # 6

Date

Topic

Research in cross cultural psychology

Sessio n # 7

Date

Sessio n # 8

Date

Sessio n # 9

Date

Topic

Epistemological perspectives:

Emic-etic and cultural values

Topic

Intercultural competence

Topic

Human development and culture

Topic

Family relations across cultures for psychology

Class Activity

Group activity exploring impact of cultural values on interaction and understanding.

Class Activity

Mock development of cross-cultural research project.

Psychologist, 48 (6), 629-637.


Segall, M. H., Lonner, W. J., &

Berry, J. W. (1998). Crosscultural psychology as a scholarly discipline: On the flowering of culture in behavioral research. American Psychologist,

53 (10), 1101-1110.


Aegisdóttir, S., Gerstein, L. H., &

Çinarbas, D. C. (2008).

Methodological Issues in Cross-

Cultural Counseling Research.

The Counseling Psychologist,

36 (2), 188-219.

Class Activity Student Assignment

Variety of individual and group self-awareness and cultural sensitivity exercises

Class Activity

Qureshi, A. & Eiroa, F. Training for overcoming health disparities in mental health care:

Interpretive-relational cultural competence. In S. Barnow (Ed.)

Cultural Variations in Emotion

Regulation and Treatment of

Psychiatric Patients. Göttingen:

Hogrefe Publishers.


Lecture and discussion concerning the biopsycho-social model of human development supplemented by video material.

Miller, J. (2002). Integrating cultural, psychological, and biological perspectives in understanding child development. In Keller, H.,

Poortinga, Y. H., & Scholmerich,

A. (2002). Between Culture and

Biology : Perspectives on

Ontogenetic Development . West

Nyack, NY, USA: Cambridge

University Press. (pp. 136-158).

Student Assignment Class Activity

Lecture, group activity, and discussion of family and culture supplemented by video material

Kagitcibasi, C. (2002). A model of family change in cultural context. In W. J. Lonner, D. L.

Dinnel, S. A. Hayes, & D. N.

Sattler (Eds.), Online Readings in Psychology and Culture (Unit


Sessio n # 10

Date

Topic

Study abroad

Class Activity

Class discussion of study abroad experience in context of class reading.

13, Chapter 1),

( http://www.wwu.edu/~culture )

, Center for Cross-Cultural

Research, Western Washington

University, Bellingham,

Washington USA.


Pitts, M. J. (2009). Identity and the role of expectations, stress, and talk in short-term student sojourner adjustment: An application of the integrative theory of communication and cross-cultural adaptation.

International Journal of

Intercultural Relations, 33 (6),

450-462.

Student Assignment Sessio n # 11

Topic

Midterm review

Date

Sessio n # 12

Topic

Midterm

Date

Sessio n # 13

Topic

Date

Identity and the self across cultures I: Ethnic and bicultural identity

Class Activity

Class Activity

Class Activity

Students will fill out and score an ethnic identity measure. Identity circle activity used as well.



Phinney, J. S., & Ong, A. D. (2007).

Conceptualization and measurement of ethnic identity: Current status and future directions. Journal of

Counseling Psychology , 54 (3), 271-

281

Sessio n # 14

Topic

Date

Identity and the self across cultures II: Racial identity

Sessio n # 15

Topic

Adolescence


Students will fill out a racial identity measure and explore the meaning and reactions. Video clips will be used to analyze different racial identity statuses

Class Activity

Helms, J. E. (1995). An update of Helm's White and people of color racial identity models. In .,

Ponterotto, J. G., Casas, J. M.,

Suzuki, L. A., & Alexander, C. M.

(Eds.) Handbook of multicultural counseling.

(pp. 181-198):

Thousand Oaks, CA, US: Sage

Publications, Inc.


Lecture and discussion Saltman, K. J. (2005). The social construction of adolescence. In

Date


Sessio n # 16

Date across cultures

Topic

Culture and mental health

Sessio n # 17

Date

Topic

Immigration and mental health 1:

Acculuration

Sessio n # 18

Topic

Date

Immigration and

E. R. Brown & K. J. Saltman

(Eds.), The Critical Middle

School Reader (pp. 15-20). New

York: Routledge.

Blakemore, S.-J. (2008). The social brain in adolescence.

Nature Reviews Neuroscience,

9 (4), 267-277 .


The case from the reading will be analyzed in terms of the other two articles. The “4 exes” of culture and mental health

(experience; expression; explanation; expectations) will be discussed.

Starkey, M. T., Lee, H. K., Tu, C.-

C., Netland, J., Goh, M.,

Schuchman, D. M., et al. (2008).

"Only Allah Can Heal": A Cultural

Formulation of the Psychological,

Religious, and Cultural

Experiences of a Somali Man.

Journal of Muslim Mental Health,

3 (2), 145-153.

Bhui, K., & Bhugra, D. (2002).

Explanatory models for mental distress: implications for clinical practice and research. The British

Journal of Psychiatry, 181 (1), 6-7.

Class Activity

Acculturation theory and measurement will be presented. In pairs, students will explore the acculturation strategies made use of.

Class Activity

Students will fill out an acculturative stress measure. A model of

Kirmayer, L. J. (2001). Cultural variations in the clinical presentation of depression and anxiety: Implications for diagnosis and treatment. Journal of Clinical

Psychiatry, 62 (suppl 13), 22-28.


Berry, J. W. (2005).

Acculturation: Living successfully in two cultures.

International Journal of

Intercultural Relations, 29 (6),

697-712


Collazos, F., Qureshi, A.,

Antonin, M & Tomás-Sabado, J.

(2008). Acculturative stress and mental health in the immigrant


Sessio n # 19

Date

Sessio n # 20

Date

Sessio n # 21

Date

Sessio n # 22

Date mental health 2:

Acculturativce stress and coping

Topic

Minorities and mental health 1:

Racism

Topic

Sojourners & study abroad 2:

How goes?

Topic

Intercultural interactions 1:

Intercultural communication

Topic

Intercultural interactions 2:

Psychotherapy acculturative stress and coping will be presented.

Students will explore their acculturative stress and coping.

Group activity on the impact of study abroad.

Class discussion relating the impact of study abroad to material discussed population. Papeles del

Psicólogo, 29(3), pp. 307-315

Kuo, B. C. H. Culture's

Consequences on Coping.

Journal of Cross-Cultural

Psychology, 42 (6), 1084-1100.


Students will fill out the implicit association test on skin color/racism. The

“reality” and impact of race and racism in the

U.S. and Spain will be explored and analyzed.

Relevant current events will be incorporated into the discussion.

Gaertner, S. L., & Dovidio, J. F.

(2005). Understanding and

Addressing Contemporary

Racism: From Aversive Racism to the Common Ingroup Identity

Model. Journal of Social Issues,

61 (3), 615-639.

Carter, R. T., & Forsyth, J.

(2010). Reactions to racial discrimination: Emotional stress and help-seeking behaviors.

Psychological Trauma: Theory,

Research, Practice, and Policy,

2 (3), 183-191.


Lucas, J. (2009). Overstressed, Overwhelmed,and

Over Here: Resident Directors and the Challenges of Student

Mental Health Abroad. Fronties:

The Interdisciplinary Journal of

Study Abroad, 18, 187-215

Class Activity

Discussion, video clips and role plays exploring intercultural psychotherapy


Workshop on intercultural communication

Qureshi, A., & Collazos, F.

(2011). The intercultural and interracial therapeutic relationship: Challenges and recommendations. International

Review of Psychiatry, 23 (1), 10-

19.


Kirmayer, L. J. (2007).

Psychotherapy and the Cultural

Concept of the Person.

Transcultural Psychiatry, 44 (2),

232-257.

Sessio n # 23

Topic

Presentations

Date


Class Activity

Students will present their assignments


Sessio n # 24

Topic

Re-entry

Date

Class Activity

Group work focussed on

“Strategies to optimize re-entry”.

Class Activity


SIT Study Abroad (2008): After

Study Abroad

A toolkit for returning students .

Available online at: http://www.worldlearning.org/Ou rWorld_documents/SITStudyAbro adReentryToolkit.pdf

Student Assignment Sessio n # 25

Topic

Mid-term review

Date

Title: Cross Cultural Psychology and Human

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