Microscope - Worksheet
Refer to the photomicrographs (figure 1-4) and follow the instructions below.
Leaf epidermis (Figure 1)
1.
Draw a labeled diagram of the leaf epidermis under low power.
(showing 6 - 7 cells)
2.
Name any organelle(s) found in the epidermal cells.
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3.
Name any organelle(s) found in the guard cells.
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4.
State one function of the stomata in leaf.
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Corn stem tissue (Figure 2)
1. Draw a labeled diagram of the corm stem. (showing different kinds of cells/tissues in the
stem)
2.
According to the slide, state two structural features of the xylem.
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3.
State one function of the phloem.
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Lung tissue (Figure 3)
1.
Draw a labeled diagram of the lung tissue. (showing 3 – 4 alveoli)
2.
According to the slide, state two adaptive features of the lung tissue to its function.
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Paramecium (Figure 4)
Paramecium is a genus of unicellular ciliate protozoa, commonly studied as a representative
of the ciliate group. Paramecia are widespread in freshwater, brackish and marine
environments, and are often very abundant in stagnant basins and ponds. Because some
species are readily cultivated and easily induced to conjugate and divide, Paramecium has
been widely used in classrooms and laboratories to study biological processes
Paramecia propel themselves by whiplash movements of their cilia, which are arranged in
tightly spaced rows around the outside of the body.
Paramecia feed on microorganisms like bacteria, algae, and yeasts. To gather food, the
Paramecium uses its cilia to sweep prey organisms, along with some water, through the oral
groove, and into the mouth opening. The food passes through the cell mouth into the gullet.
When enough food has accumulated at the gullet base, it forms a food vacuole in the
cytoplasm, and begins circulating through the cell, starting at the back end. As it moves along,
enzymes from the cytoplasm enter the vacuole to digest the contents; digested nutrients then
go into the cytoplasm, and the vacuole shrinks. When the vacuole, with its fully digested
contents, reaches the anal pore, it ruptures, expelling its waste contents to the environment
Paramecia have a dual nuclear apparatus, consisting of a polyploid macronucleus, and one or
more diploid micronuclei. The macronucleus controls non-reproductive cell functions,
expressing the genes needed for daily functioning. The micronucleus is the generative, or
germline nucleus, containing the genetic material that is passed along from one generation to
the next.
Paramecia reproduce asexually, by binary fission. During reproduction, the macronucleus
splits by a type of amitosis, and the micronuclei undergo mitosis. The cell then divides
transversally, and each new cell obtains a copy of the micronucleus and the macronucleus.