Computing Essentials 2008
Chapter 4: Specialized Application Software
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•
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Specialized Application software features (94)
o The focus of this chapter will center on the following categories of specialized
applications.
ƒ Graphics programs
ƒ Audio and video software
ƒ Multimedia software
ƒ Web authoring tools and programs
ƒ Artificial intelligence
Graphics (94)
o Desktop publishing
ƒ Used to create publications of professional quality
ƒ Focus on page design and layout
ƒ Used to create newsletters, brochures, and textbooks.
ƒ Popular programs are Adobe PageMaker, Microsoft Publisher, and
QuarkXPress.
o Image editors
ƒ Used to edit and modify digital photos
ƒ Used with bitmap or raster images
ƒ Popular programs are MicrosoftPaint, Adobe Photoshop, Corel PhotoPaint,
and Paint Shop Pro.
o Illustration programs
ƒ Used to create and/or edit vector images
ƒ Popular programs are Adobe Illustrator, Corel-Draw, Macromedia
FreeHand, and Micrografx Designer.
o Image galleries
ƒ Libraries of electronic images
ƒ Used to help with added pictures to documents
ƒ Either stock photographs or clip art
o Graphic suites
ƒ Companies combining their graphics software
ƒ It is better because users can buy a variety of packages at a lower cost
ƒ The most popular suite is CorelDraw Graphics Suite, others are Adobe’s
Creative Suites and Macromedia’s Studio.
Audio and Video (97)
o User can create their own movies and compilations without a professional being
involved.
o Video editing software
ƒ Allows users to reorganize, add effects, and more to digital video footage.
ƒ Designed to allow users to assemble and edit new home videos and
movies from raw digital video footage.
ƒ Popular programs are Apple’s iMovie and Windows Movie Maker.
o Audio editing software
ƒ Allows users to create and edit audio clips.
ƒ Most audio editing software has features that allow users to add audio
effects, like filters, to tracks.
ƒ Use this software to create MP3s.
ƒ Popular programs are Ableton’s Live and Sony’s ACID.
U
Chapter Outline
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Computing Essentials 2008
Chapter 4: Specialized Application Software
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Making it work for you (98)
o Digital video editing
o How to capture video
o Editing video once it has been captured
o Creating a DVD
Multimedia (100)
o The integration of all sorts of media into one presentation
o May include video, music, voice, graphics, and text.
o Effective multimedia presentations incorporate user participation or interactivity
o Figures 4-10 and 4-11 on page 101 illustrate the difference between linear
multimedia and interactive multimedia.
o Links and buttons
ƒ An interactive multimedia presentation is typically organized as a series of
related pages.
ƒ Links are connections to related material
ƒ Buttons can link you to related material and/or navigate you through the
presentation or program.
o Developing multimedia presentations
ƒ Plan and analyze - Determine the overall objective of the project,
ƒ Design - The creation of a story board is essential to the development of
the project.
ƒ Create - Use a multimedia authoring program to create the interactive
multimedia presentation
ƒ Support - Evaluate effectiveness, identify errors, and revise as needed.
o Multimedia Authoring programs(102)
ƒ Bring together all the video, audio, graphics, and text elements into an
interactive framework.
ƒ Popular programs Macromedia Director, Authorware, and Toolbook.
o
Web Authoring(103)
o The process of creating a web site
o Web site design
ƒ Begins with determining the site’s overall content.
ƒ Then breaks the content down into a series of related pieces of information.
ƒ Graphical map - The overall site design
ƒ Figure 4- 16 on page 105 is an excellent illustration of a graphical map
and the structure of a web site.
o Animations - moving graphics which can be simple moving text or complicated
interactive features.
o Flash by Macromedia is usually full-screen, highly dynamic, and interactive
animation.
o Morphing is a special effect in which one image seems to melt into another.
o Web authoring programs are used to create more sophisticated sites and create the
HTML code for you.
o Popular programs are Macromedia Dreamweaver, NetObjects Fusion, and
Microsoft FrontPage.
Artificial Intelligence (106)
Chapter Outline
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Chapter 4: Specialized Application Software
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o Attempts to develop computer systems that can mimic or simulate human senses,
thought processes, and actions.
o Artificial intelligence that corresponds to human intelligence is still a long way
off.
o Several tools that emulate human senses, problem solving, and information
processing have been developed.
ƒ Helps to solve unstructured problems
o Virtual Reality (106)
ƒ An artificial, or simulated, reality generated in 3-D by a computer.
ƒ Figure 4-17 on page 106 illustrates that the virtual reality hardware
including headgear and gloves.
ƒ The headgear has earphones and three-dimensional stereoscopic screens
ƒ The gloves have sensors that collect data about your hand movements
ƒ Virtual reality modeling language (VRML) is used to create real-time
animated 3-D scenes.
ƒ Recently, several lower-cost yet powerful authoring programs have been
introduced.
o Knowledge-based (Expert) Systems (107)
ƒ A type of artificial intelligence that uses a database that contains specific
facts, rules to relate these facts, and user input to formulate
recommendations and decisions.
ƒ The sequence of processing is determined by the interaction of the user
and the knowledge base.
ƒ Some current expert systems: Oil Spill Advisor, Bird Species
Identification, and Midwives Assistant.
o Robotics (107)
ƒ The field of study concerned with developing and using robots, computercontrolled machines that mimic the motor activities of living things.
ƒ Some robots can even solve unstructured problems using artificial
intelligence.
ƒ Robots are used in factories, manufacturing, home security, the military,
and many other fields of human endeavor.
ƒ Three types of robots:
• Perception system robots - imitate some of the human senses.
• Industrial robots - used to perform a variety of tasks.
• Mobile robots - act as transports and are widely used for a variety
of different tasks.
Careers in IT (108)
o Desktop Publishers
o use computers to format and create publication-ready material.
o They may create books, magazines, newsletters, and newspapers on home
computers using special application software.
o Desktop publishing positions usually require completion of a program at a
vocational school or a university.
o Desktop publishers can expect to earn an annual salary of $25,000 to $42,000.
A Look to the Future (109)
Chapter Outline
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Chapter 4: Specialized Application Software
o Robots can look, act, and think
o Researchers are currently at work on robots with the artificial intelligence needed
to perform tasks and more.
o The Saya robot, with its artificial skin and muscles, is currently under
development in Tokyo.
o Other research is being conducted that will give robots a sense of values, so that
they will be able to make decisions independently based on this set of values.
o All of these projects are designed to move beyond simple computing and into a
decidedly human realm of emotional intelligence.
Chapter Outline
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Computing Essentials 2008
Chapter 4: Specialized Application Software
•
•
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Specialized Application software features (94)
o The focus of this chapter will center on the following categories of specialized
applications.
ƒ Graphics programs
ƒ Audio and video software
ƒ Multimedia software
ƒ Web authoring tools and programs
ƒ Artificial intelligence
Graphics (94)
o Emphasize that there are four types of graphics applications
o Desktop publishing
ƒ You can have a lab using one of the popular softwares, Adobe PageMaker,
Microsoft Publisher, and QuarkXPress.
ƒ During the lab you have them create a newsletters, brochures, or textbooks
that illustrates layout design techniques and standards, graphic placement
and overall cohesion of a publication.
ƒ You can refer to the Careers in IT on page 108 for more options.
o Image editors
ƒ Most students are familiar with these types of applications because they
have been using them since elementary school. What they sometimes
don’t understand is the difference in the types of graphics files.
ƒ You can have a lab that utilizes one of the popular programs,
MicrosoftPaint, Adobe Photoshop, Corel PhotoPaint, and Paint Shop Pro.
You can then show the students what a raster images is and how it can be
manipulated.
o Illustration programs
ƒ If you have one of the popular programs,Adobe Illustrator, Corel-Draw,
Macromedia FreeHand, and Micrografx Designer, you can use a lab with
one of these applications.
ƒ You can compare and contrast the different types of images and have the
students see which is easier to manipulate.
o Image galleries
ƒ The students are very familiar with clip art, what you can show them is
how to add one of their pictures to the gallery or to a documents itself.
o Graphic suites
ƒ You can emphasize that they are cost effective, as was mentioned in
Chapter 3.
Audio and Video (97)
o Students find this aspect very interesting and have done a lot of this type of work
already.
o Video editing software
ƒ You could use one of the following software packages, Apple’s iMovie
and Windows Movie Maker, in a lab and have the students edit their own
movie.
ƒ If you don’t have access to one of these applications you can show
examples of video clips in a lecture and point out the different features.
o Audio editing software
Teaching Tips
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Chapter 4: Specialized Application Software
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You could use one of the following software packages, are Ableton’s Live
and Sony’s ACID, in a lab and have the students edit their own music.
If you don’t have access to one of these applications you can show
examples of edited music in a lecture and point out the different features.
Multimedia (100)
o Figures 4-10 and 4-11 on page 101 illustrate the difference between linear
multimedia and interactive multimedia.
o You can emphasize the difference between linear multimedia and interactive
multimedia by showing an example of a PowerPoint presentation with video clips
and then a interactive web site.
o Developing multimedia presentations
ƒ Emphasize that the process is the same for all types of computer projects,
just some techniques are different.
ƒ You can show clips from documentaries on how motion pictures with a lot
of CGI handle storyboarding and other project management techniques.
ƒ If you have a digital video editing software, you can use the Making it
work for you (98) as a lab to help illustrate video editing techniques.
Web Authoring(103)
o You can use one of these applications, Macromedia Dreamweaver, NetObjects
Fusion, and Microsoft FrontPage, in a lab to help illustrate web authoring
techniques
o You can have the students create their own web site using a graphical map and
pages.
o In the lab you can also switch to the code page to show the students how the
HTML code is being generated as they design their pages and site.
o You can use the Applying Technology exercise #2 Shockwave on page 117 to
have the students research the different technologies out there and how they work.
Artificial Intelligence (106)
o You can emphasize that AI is here already and list the different uses that employs
it.
o State that Artificial intelligence that corresponds to human intelligence is still a
long way off.
o Virtual Reality (106)
ƒ You can state the different types of VR in today’s society.
ƒ You can use Figure 4-17 on page 106 to illustrate the virtual reality
hardware including headgear and gloves.
ƒ Emphasize that this is a growing field because of several lower-cost yet
powerful authoring programs have been introduced.
o Knowledge-based (Expert) Systems (107)
ƒ You can have the students visit a Expert System online, such as WebMD.
ƒ You can have them ask questions and note the results of them. You can
also have them go into more depth as they progress.
o Robotics (107)
ƒ You can emphasize the three main types of robots used today.
ƒ Three types of robots:
Teaching Tips
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Computing Essentials 2008
Chapter 4: Specialized Application Software
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Teaching Tips
Perception system robots - imitate some of the human senses.
Industrial robots - used to perform a variety of tasks.
Mobile robots - act as transports and are widely used for a variety
of different tasks.
You could refer to A Look to the Future (109) the students discuss the
implications of robotics and is all of it necessary and why.
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Chapter 4: Specialized Application Software
Key Terms
Key Term
animation (104)
artificial intelligence (AI) (106)
artificial reality (106)
audio editing software (97)
bitmap image (95)
blog (103)
button (101)
clip art (96)
desktop publisher (108)
desktop publishing program (94)
drawing program (96)
expert system (107)
Flash (104)
fuzzy logic (107)
graphical map (104)
graphics suite (97)
HTML editor (104)
illustration program (96)
image editors (95)
image gallery (96)
immersive experience (107)
industrial robot (108)
interactivity (101)
Key Terms
Definition
moving graphics, a common multimedia element, found
on most Web sites.
The development of computer systems that can mimic or
simulate human senses, thought processes, and actions.
An artificial, or simulated, reality generated in 3-D by a
computer. (See also virtual reality, VR, or virtual
environments)
Allows a user to create and edit audio clips.
Use thousands of dots or pixels to represent images.(See
also rastor image)
Short for web logs, own personal sites used to keep in
touch with friends and family. (See also Web log)
Special areas in a multimedia presentation that when
clicked on make appropriate links and navigate through a
presentation to locate and discover information.
Graphic illustrations representing a wide range of topics.
People who use computers to format and create
publication-ready material, such as books, magazines,
newsletters, and newspapers.
Allow you to mix text and graphics to create publications
of professional quality. (See also page layout program)
Used to create and to edit vector images. (See also
illustration program)
A type of artificial intelligence that uses a database to
provide assistance to users. (See also knowledge based
system)
A type of web animation that is usually full-screen, highly
dynamic, and interactive.
Allows users to respond to questions in an expert system
in a very humanlike way.
Representation of the overall web site design
Companies bundling their separate graphics programs in
one package
Programs that provide support for Web site design and
HTML coding. (See also Web authoring program and Web
page editor)
Used to create and to edit vector images. (See also
drawing program)
Are specialized graphics programs for editing or
modifying digital photographs. (See also photo editors)
libraries of electronic images.
Allowing a user to walk into a virtual reality room or view
simulations on a virtual reality wall.
used to perform a variety of tasks, such as machines used
in automobile plants to do welding, polishing, and
painting.
Allows users to choose the information to view, to
control the pace and flow of information, and to respond to
items and receive feedback in a presentation.
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Chapter 4: Specialized Application Software
A database used in an expert system that contains specific
knowledge base (107) facts, rules to relate these facts, and user input to formulate
knowledge-based system (107)
link (101)
mobile robot (108)
morphing (104)
multimedia (100)
multimedia authoring program
(102)
page layout program (94)
perception system robot (108)
photo editors (95)
pixel (95)
raster image (95)
robot (107)
robotics (107)
stock photograph (96)
story board (102)
vector (96)
vector illustration (96)
vector image (96)
video editing software (97)
virtual environment (106)
virtual reality (106)
virtual reality modeling language
(VRML) (106)
virtual reality wall (1073)
VR (106)
Key Terms
recommendations and decisions.
A type of artificial intelligence that uses a database to
provide assistance to users. (See also expert system)
Connections to related information.
Act as transports and are widely used for a variety of
different tasks, such as the police and military use them to
locate and disarm explosive devices.
a special Web animation effect in which one image seems
to melt into another.
The integration of all sorts of media into one presentation.
special programs used to bring together all the video,
audio, graphics, and text elements into an interactive
framework.
Allow you to mix text and graphics to create publications
of professional quality. (See also desktop publishing
program)
imitate some of the human senses, such as robots with
television-camera vision systems
Are specialized graphics programs for editing or
modifying digital photographs. (See also image editors)
Thousands of dots used to represent images.
Use thousands of dots or pixels to represent images.(See
also bitmap image)
Computer-controlled machines that mimic the motor
activities of living things.
the field of study concerned with developing and using
robots.
Photographs on a variety of subject material from
professional models to natural landscapes.
A design tool used to record the intended overall logic,
flow, and structure of a multimedia presentation.
A common type of graphic file
Geometric shapes or objects used to represent images.
(See also vector image)
Geometric shapes or objects used to represent images.
(See also vector illustration)
Allows users to reorganize, add effects, and more to digital
video footage.
An artificial, or simulated, reality generated in 3-D by a
computer. (See also virtual reality, VR, or artificial reality)
An artificial, or simulated, reality generated in 3-D by a
computer. (See also artificial reality, VR, or virtual
environments)
A programming language that is used to create real-time
animated 3-D scenes.
A wall where virtual reality images are projected
An artificial, or simulated, reality generated in 3-D by a
computer. (See also virtual reality, artificial reality, or
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Chapter 4: Specialized Application Software
Web authoring (103)
Web authoring program (104)
Web log (103)
Web page editor (104)
Key Terms
virtual environments)
Creating a Web site
Programs that provide support for Web site design and
HTML coding. (See also HTML editor and Web page
editor)
Short for web logs, own personal sites used to keep in
touch with friends and family. (See also blog)
Programs that provide support for Web site design and
HTML coding. (See also Web authoring programs and
HTML editor)
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Chapter 4: Specialized Application Software
Crossword Puzzle Answers:
Across
Num.
Clue
2
4
6
8
9
10
13
15
Used to create real-time 3-D animation.
Design tool used to plan multimedia presentations.
Editing software used to create MP3s.
A type of personal Web site where articles are regularly posted.
Creating a site.
Representation of overall site design.
Image recorded as a collection of objects.
Widely used type of Web animation.
Answer
VRML
Story Board
ACID
BLog
Web authoring
Graphical map
Vector image
Flash
Down
Num.
1
3
5
7
11
12
14
Clue
Composed of thousands of pixels.
Special effect that blends images together.
User participation.
Allows responses like “OK” and “Great!”
Dots that make up an image.
Connection between pages in a multimedia presentation.
Attempt to develop computers that mimic human senses.
Num
Multiple Choice
Answers
Matching
Answers
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
A
A
A
B
A
B
C
B
A
B
I
G
D
E
C
F
H
B
J
A
Answer
Bitmap image
Morphing
Interactivity
Fuzzy Logic
Pixels
Link
AI
Open Ended Questions:
1. Describe graphics, including desktop publishers, image editors, illustration programs,
image galleries, and graphics suites.
Graphics programs used by professionals in the graphic arts profession. The include the
following types of applications: Desktop publishing programs, or page layout programs, that
allow users to mix text and graphics to create publications, Image editors which are specialized
graphics programs for editing or modifying bitmap or raster images, Illustration programs that are
used to create and to edit vector images, Image galleries are libraries of electronic images, and
graphics suites which companies bundle their separate graphics programs in groups so users can
Answers to End of Chapter materials
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Chapter 4: Specialized Application Software
purchase them at a lower cost than if purchased separately.
2. Discuss audio and video editing software.
Video editing software allows you to reorganize, add effects, and more to your digital video
footage. These programs are designed to allow you to assemble and edit new home videos and
movies from raw digital video footage. Two commonly used video editing software programs are
Apple’s iMovie and Windows Movie Maker.
Audio editing software allows you to create and edit audio clips. Most audio editing software also
has features that allow you to add audio effects, like filters, to your tracks. For example, you can
use this type of software to filter out pops or scratches in an old recording. Some commonly used
audio editing software programs are Ableton’s Live and Sony’s ACID.
3. What is multimedia? How are multimedia presentations developed?
Multimedia is the integration of all sorts of media into one presentation. For example, a
multimedia presentation may include video, music, voice, graphics, and text. They are developed
using the following steps:
a. Plan and analyze: Determine the overall objective of the project, the resources required,
and the person or team of people who will work on the project.
b. Design: The creation of a story board is essential to the development of the project.
c. Create: Use a multimedia authoring program to create the interactive multimedia
presentation.
d. Support: Evaluate effectiveness, identify errors, and revise as needed.
4. Describe Web authoring, including Web site design and Web authoring programs.
Creating a site is called Web authoring. It begins with site design followed by creation of a
document file that displays the Web site’s content. Designing a Web site begins with determining
the site’s overall content. The content is then broken down into a series of related pieces of
information. The overall site design is commonly represented in a graphical map. Web authoring
programs, are typically used to create sophisticated commercial sites. Also known as Web page
editors and HTML editors, these programs provide support for Web site design and HTML
coding
5. Discuss three areas of artificial intelligence.
The first area of AI is virtual reality. Virtual reality is an artificial, or simulated, reality
generated in 3-D by a computer. Virtual reality is also commonly known as VR, artificial
reality, or virtual environments. To navigate in a virtual space, you use virtual reality
hardware including headgear and gloves. The headgear has earphones and threedimensional stereoscopic screens. The gloves have sensors that collect data about your
hand movements
The second area of AI is knowledge-based (or expert) systems. Knowledge-based
systems, also known as expert systems, are a type of artificial intelligence that uses a
database to provide assistance to users. These systems use a database, or knowledge base,
that contains specific facts, rules to relate these facts, and user input to formulate
recommendations and decisions. The sequence of processing is determined by the
interaction of the user and the knowledge base.
The third are of AI is robotics. Robotics is the field of study concerned with developing
and using robots. Robots are computer-controlled machines that mimic the motor
activities of living things. There are three types of robots. • Perception systems:
Answers to End of Chapter materials
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Chapter 4: Specialized Application Software
Perception system robots imitate some of the human senses. • Industrial robots:
Industrial robots are used to perform a variety of tasks. • Mobile robots: Mobile robots
act as transports and are widely used for a variety of different tasks.
Answers to End of Chapter materials
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Chapter 4: Specialized Application Software
Applying Technology
Focus
Ethical
Web Tools
Software Tools
Shockwave
Digital Video Editing
Streaming Multimedia
Players
Writing Skills
Expanding Your
Knowledge
Writing About
Technology
HTML Source Code
Online Expert
Systems
Personal Web Site
How Digital Video
Editing Works
How Digital Video
Editing Works
Personal Web Site
Streaming Multimedia
Online Expert
Systems
Ethical focus
1. Writing About Technology exercise #1 HTML Source Code deals with the ethical issues
surrounding copying HTML code from web sites.
2. Writing About Technology exercise #2 Online Expert Systems has the students research
web based expert systems and reflect on the “harm” they may cause, and the
responsibilities of the system providers.
Web Tools
1. Applying Technology exercise #2 Shockwave has the student explore the features of
Macromedia’s Shockwave and how it can be integrated into web pages.
2. Expanding Your Knowledge exercise #2 Personal Web Site has the students explore web
logs, describe how to create one, and what are its uses.
Software Tools
1. Applying Technology exercise #1 Digital Video Editing explores the technology of
creating DVDs. It works in conjunction with the Making it Work for You on page 105
helping the students create a video and familiarize them with the process and terminology.
2. Applying Technology exercise #3 Streaming Multimedia Players has the students
research the different types of players, how they function, and their role may change with
new Internet technologies.
3. Expanding Your Knowledge exercise #1 How Digital Video Editing Works has the
students research the hardware requirements for digital editing and reflect on how they
can improve videos.
Writing Skills
1. Expanding Your Knowledge exercise #1 How Digital Video Editing Works has the
students research the hardware requirements for digital editing and reflect on how they
can improve videos.
2. Expanding Your Knowledge exercise #2 Personal Web Site has the students explore web
logs, describe how to create one, and what are its uses.
3. Expanding Your Knowledge exercise #3 Streaming Multimedia has the student research
the different types of streaming multimedia, who is the intended audience, and the
advantages and disadvantages of using them.
Focus tables to End of Chapter materials
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4. Writing About Technology exercise #2 Online Expert Systems has the students research
web based expert systems and reflect on the “harm” they may cause, and the
responsibilities of the system providers.
Focus tables to End of Chapter materials
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