Musculoskeletal
Anatomy
Flashcards
Joseph E. Muscolino, DC
Instructor, Connecticut Center for Massage Therapy
Newington, Connecticut
Owner, www.learnmuscles.com
Redding, Connecticut
MUSCLES OF THE HEAD
Temporalis
(OF THE MUSCLES OF MASTICATION GROUP)
Pronunciation
❒ tem-po-RA-lis
❒ Temporal Fossa
❒ the entire temporal fossa except the portion on the
zygomatic bone
to the
❒ Coronoid Process and the Ramus of the Mandible
❒ the anterior border, apex, posterior border, and the
internal surface of the coronoid process of the
mandible, as well as the anterior border of the ramus
of the mandible
ACTIONS
❒ 1. Elevates the Mandible at the Temporomandibular
Joint
❒ 2. Retracts the Mandible at the Temporomandibular
Joint
INNERVATION
❒ The Trigeminal Nerve (CN V)
❒ deep temporal branches of the anterior trunk of the
mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve
CARD # 21
Musculoskeletal Anatomy Coloring Book, PAGES 50-51
The Muscular System Manual, Edition 2, PAGES 82-84
ATTACHMENTS
Lateral View
Copyright © 2005 by Mosby, Inc.
a. Occipitofrontalis
b. Temporoparietalis
c. Auricularis Muscles
d. Orbicularis Oculi (partially cut)
e. Corrugator Supercilii
f. Procerus
g. Nasalis
h. Depressor Septi Nasi
i. Levator Labii Superioris Alaeque Nasi
j. Levator Labii Superioris
k. Zygomaticus Minor
l. Zygomaticus Major
m. Levator Anguli Oris
n. Risorius
o. Depressor Anguli Oris
p. Depressor Labii Inferioris
q. Mentalis
r. Buccinator
s. Orbicularis Oris
t. Temporalis
u. Lateral Pterygoid
v. Trapezius
w. Splenius Capitis
x. Levator Scapulae
y. Platysma
z. Sternocleidomastoid
Note: The masseter has been removed.
CARD # 26
CARD # 26
Musculoskeletal Anatomy Coloring Book, PAGES 27 AND 55
The Muscular System Manual, Edition 2, PAGE 13
MUSCLES OF THE HEAD
Lateral View of the Head
SUPERIOR
b
a (Frontalis
[partially cut])
Galea aponeurotica
t (deep to fascia)
a (Occipitalis)
e
f
d
Medial
palpebral
ligament
i
g
j
c
u
Mandible
P
O
S
T
E
R
I
O
R
h
k
m
l
s
q
p
Styloglossus
muscle
w
Stylohyoid
z
r
x
y
v
INFERIOR
Lateral View of the Head
Copyright © 2005 by Mosby, Inc.
n
o
A
N
T
E
R
I
O
R
MUSCLES OF THE NECK
Splenius Capitis
Pronunciation
❒ SPLEE-knee-us, KAP-i-tis
ATTACHMENTS
to the
❒ Mastoid Process of the Temporal Bone and the
Occipital Bone
❒ the lateral 1⁄3 of the superior nuchal line of the occiput
ACTIONS
❒ 1. Extends the Head and the Neck at the Spinal Joints
❒ 2. Laterally Flexes the Head and the Neck at the
Spinal Joints
❒ 3. Ipsilaterally Rotates the Head and the Neck at the
Spinal Joints
INNERVATION
❒ Cervical Spinal Nerves
❒ dorsal rami of the middle cervical spinal nerves
CARD # 30
Musculoskeletal Anatomy Coloring Book, PAGES 64-65
The Muscular System Manual, Edition 2, PAGES 114-116
❒ Nuchal Ligament and the SPs of C7-T4
❒ the nuchal ligament from the level of C3-C6
Nuchal
ligament
Posterior View
Copyright © 2005 by Mosby, Inc.
MUSCLES OF THE NECK
Sternocleidomastoid (“SCM”)
Pronunciation
❒ STER-no-KLI-do-MAS-toyd
❒ STERNAL HEAD: Manubrium of the Sternum
❒ the anterior superior surface
❒ CLAVICULAR HEAD: Medial Clavicle
❒ the medial 1⁄3
to the
❒ Mastoid Process of the Temporal Bone
❒ and the lateral 1⁄2 of the superior nuchal line of the
occipital bone
ACTIONS
❒ 1. Flexes the Neck at the Spinal Joints
❒ 2. Laterally Flexes the Neck and the Head at the
Spinal Joints
❒ 3. Contralaterally Rotates the Neck and the Head at
the Spinal Joints
❒ 4. Extends the Head at the Atlanto-Occipital Joint
❒ 5. Elevates the Sternum and the Clavicle
INNERVATION
❒ Spinal Accessory Nerve (CN XI)
❒ and C2, 3
CARD # 38
Musculoskeletal Anatomy Coloring Book, PAGES 74-75
The Muscular System Manual, Edition 2, PAGES 140-143
ATTACHMENTS
Sternal head
Clavicular head
Lateral View
Copyright © 2005 by Mosby, Inc.
a. Trapezius
b. Levator Scapulae
c. Platysma (removed on our right)
d. Sternocleidomastoid
e. Sternohyoid
f. Sternothyroid
g. Thyrohyoid
h. Omohyoid
i. Digastric
j. Stylohyoid
k. Mylohyoid
l. Anterior Scalene
m. Middle Scalene
n. Posterior Scalene
o. Pectoralis Major
p. Deltoid
Note: The head is extended in this view.
CARD # 54
Musculoskeletal Anatomy Coloring Book, PAGES 56 AND 92
The Muscular System Manual, Edition 2, PAGE 102
MUSCLES OF THE NECK
Anterior View of the Neck (Superficial)
SUPERIOR
i (anterior belly)
Mandible
k
j
i (posterior
belly)
Internal jugular
vein
h (superior
belly)
L
A
T
E
R
A
L
Common
carotid artery
g
d (sternal
L
head)
A
T
b
e d (clavicular E
R
head)
A
m
L
l n
h (inferior
belly)
a
Hyoid
Thyroid
cartilage
f
c
Clavicle
Sternum
INFERIOR
Anterior View of the Neck (Superficial)
Copyright © 2005 by Mosby, Inc.
p
o
a. Trapezius
b. Levator Scapulae
c. Platysma (removed)
d. Sternocleidomastoid (cut)
e. Sternohyoid (cut on our right)
f. Sternothyroid
g. Thyrohyoid
h. Omohyoid (cut and reflected on our right)
i. Digastric
j. Stylohyoid
k. Mylohyoid
l. Anterior Scalene
m. Middle Scalene
n. Posterior Scalene
o. Pectoralis Major
p. Deltoid
Note: The head is extended in this view.
CARD # 55
Musculoskeletal Anatomy Coloring Book, PAGES 57 AND 93
The Muscular System Manual, Edition 2, PAGE 103
MUSCLES OF THE NECK
Anterior View of the Neck (Intermediate)
SUPERIOR
i (anterior belly)
j
k
i (posterior belly)
Hyoglossus
muscle
d
Cricoid cartilage
and the
cricothyroid
muscle
L
A Thyroid gland
T
h (superior
E
belly)
R h (inferior e
A
belly)
L
d
(clavicular
head)
d
Common
carotid artery
Internal
jugular vein
g
Hyoid
Thyroid
cartilage
L
A
T
E
R
A
L
b
h
f
m
n
a
Trachea
e
l
Clavicle
Sternum
INFERIOR
Anterior View of the Neck (Intermediate)
Copyright © 2005 by Mosby, Inc.
p
o
a. Anterior Scalene (cut on our right)
b. Middle Scalene
c. Posterior Scalene
d. Longus Colli
e. Longus Capitis (cut on our right)
f. Rectus Capitis Anterior
g. Rectus Capitis Lateralis
CARD # 56
Musculoskeletal Anatomy Coloring Book, PAGES 58 AND 94
The Muscular System Manual, Edition 2, PAGE 104
MUSCLES OF THE NECK
Anterior View of the Neck (Deep)
SUPERIOR
f
Mastoid
process
of the
temporal
bone
g
g
f
Styloid process
of the
temporal bone
L
A
T
E
R
A
L
e
Transverse
process
of C1
L
A
T
E
R
A
L
d
b
b
a
Brachial
plexus
a
c
c
Subclavian
artery
1st rib
Aorta
2nd rib Superior
vena cava
INFERIOR
Anterior View of the Neck (Deep)
Copyright © 2005 by Mosby, Inc.
MUSCLES OF THE TRUNK
Pectoralis Major
Pronunciation
❒ PEK-to-ra-lis, MAY-jor
❒ Medial Clavicle, Sternum, and the Costal Cartilages
of Ribs #1-7
❒ the medial 1⁄2 of the clavicle, and the aponeurosis of the
external abdominal oblique
to the
❒ Lateral Lip of the Bicipital Groove of the Humerus
ACTIONS
❒
❒
❒
❒
❒
❒
❒
❒
❒
❒
1. Adducts the Arm at the Shoulder Joint
2. Medially Rotates the Arm at the Shoulder Joint
3. Flexes the Arm at the Shoulder Joint (clavicular head)
4. Extends the Arm at the Shoulder Joint
(sternocostal head)
5. Abducts the Arm at the Shoulder Joint
(clavicular head, above 90 degrees)
6. Depresses the Scapula at the Scapulocostal Joint
7. Protracts (Abducts) the Scapula at the Scapulocostal Joint
8. Elevates the Trunk at the Scapulocostal Joint
9. Laterally Deviates the Trunk at the Scapulocostal Joint
10. Ipsilaterally Rotates the Trunk at the Scapulocostal Joint
INNERVATION
❒ The Medial and Lateral Pectoral Nerves
❒ C5, 6, 7, 8, T1
CARD # 81
Musculoskeletal Anatomy Coloring Book, PAGES 130-131
The Muscular System Manual, Edition 2, PAGES 259-262
ATTACHMENTS
Clavicular
head
Sternocostal
head
Anterior View
Copyright © 2005 by Mosby, Inc.
MUSCLES OF THE PELVIS
Piriformis
(OF THE DEEP LATERAL ROTATORS OF THE THIGH GROUP)
Pronunciation
❒ pi-ri-FOR-mis
❒ Anterior Sacrum
❒ and the anterior surface of the sacrotuberous ligament
to the
❒ Greater Trochanter of the Femur
❒ the superomedial surface
ACTIONS
❒ 1. Laterally Rotates the Thigh at the Hip Joint
❒ 2. Abducts the Thigh at the Hip Joint (if the thigh
is flexed)
❒ 3. Medially Rotates the Thigh at the Hip Joint (if the
thigh is flexed)
❒ 4. Contralaterally Rotates the Pelvis at the Hip Joint
INNERVATION
❒ Nerve to Piriformis (of the Lumbosacral Plexus)
❒ L5, S1, 2
CARD # 105
Musculoskeletal Anatomy Coloring Book, PAGES 168-169
The Muscular System Manual, Edition 2, PAGES 330-332
ATTACHMENTS
Posterior View
Anterior View
Copyright © 2005 by Mosby, Inc.
MUSCLES OF THE PELVIS
Psoas Major
(OF THE ILIOPSOAS)
Pronunciation
❒ SO-as, MAY-jor
❒ Anterolateral Lumbar Spine
❒ anterolaterally on the bodies of T12-L5 and the
intervertebral discs between, and anteriorly on the
TPs of L1-L5
to the
❒ Lesser Trochanter of the Femur
ACTIONS
❒
❒
❒
❒
❒
❒
❒
1. Flexes the Thigh at the Hip Joint
2. Laterally Rotates the Thigh at the Hip Joint
3. Flexes the Trunk at the Spinal Joints
4. Laterally Flexes the Trunk at the Spinal Joints
5. Anteriorly Tilts the Pelvis at the Hip Joint
6. Contralaterally Rotates the Trunk at the Spinal Joints
7. Contralaterally Rotates the Pelvis at the Hip Joint
INNERVATION
❒ Lumbar Plexus
❒ L1, 2, 3
CARD # 99
Musculoskeletal Anatomy Coloring Book, PAGES 156-157
The Muscular System Manual, Edition 2, PAGES 308-312
ATTACHMENTS
Anterior View
Copyright © 2005 by Mosby, Inc.
MUSCLES OF THE THIGH
Adductor Magnus
(OF THE ADDUCTORS OF THE THIGH GROUP)
Pronunciation
❒ ad-DUK-tor, MAG-nus
❒ Pubis and Ischium
❒ ANTERIOR HEAD: inferior pubic ramus and the
ramus of the ischium
❒ POSTERIOR HEAD: ischial tuberosity
to the
❒ Linea Aspera of the Femur
❒ and the gluteal tuberosity, medial supracondylar line,
and adductor tubercle of the femur
ACTIONS
❒
❒
❒
❒
1. Adducts the Thigh at the Hip Joint
2. Extends the Thigh at the Hip Joint
3. Posteriorly Tilts the Pelvis at the Hip Joint
4. Elevates the Pelvis at the Hip Joint
INNERVATION
❒ The Obturator Nerve and the Sciatic Nerve
❒ the obturator nerve innervates the anterior head
❒ the tibial branch of the sciatic nerve innervates the
posterior head
❒ L2, 3, 4
CARD # 127
Musculoskeletal Anatomy Coloring Book, PAGES 204-205
The Muscular System Manual, Edition 2, PAGES 393-395
ATTACHMENTS
Adductor minimus
(anterior head)
Oblique fibers
(anterior head)
Adductor hiatus
Ischiocondylar section
(posterior head)
Posterior View
Copyright © 2005 by Mosby, Inc.
a. Tensor Fasciae Latae
b. Sartorius
c. Rectus Femoris
d. Vastus Lateralis
e. Biceps Femoris
f. Semimembranosus
g. Gluteus Maximus
h. Gluteus Medius
i. Tibialis Anterior
j. Extensor Digitorum Longus
k. Fibularis Longus
l. Gastrocnemius (lateral head)
m. Soleus
n. Plantaris
CARD # 135
Musculoskeletal Anatomy Coloring Book, PAGES 186 AND 214
The Muscular System Manual, Edition 2, PAGE 360
MUSCLES OF THE THIGH
Lateral View of the Right Thigh
PROXIMAL
Iliac crest
h (Gluteus medius
[gluteal fascia over])
Abdominal
aponeurosis
Anterior superior
iliac spine (ASIS)
a
g
b
c
P
O
S
T
E
R
I
O
R
Iliotibial band
d
d
e
f
n
Patella
Fibular collateral
ligament
Patellar
ligament
l
Head of the
fibula
i
m
k
j
DISTAL
Lateral View of the Right Thigh
Copyright © 2005 by Mosby, Inc.
A
N
T
E
R
I
O
R
MUSCLES OF THE LEG
Gastrocnemius (“Gastrocs”)
(OF THE TRICEPS SURAE GROUP AND IN THE SUPERFICIAL
POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT)
Pronunciation
❒ GAS-trok-NEE-me-us
❒ Medial and Lateral Femoral Condyles
❒ and the distal posteromedial femur and the distal
posterolateral femur
to the
❒ Calcaneus via the Calcaneal Tendon
❒ the posterior surface
ACTIONS
❒ 1. Plantarflexes the Foot at the Ankle Joint
❒ 2. Flexes the Leg at the Knee Joint
❒ 3. Inverts the Foot at the Tarsal Joints
INNERVATION
❒ The Tibial Nerve
❒ S1, 2
CARD # 147
Musculoskeletal Anatomy Coloring Book, PAGES 230-231
The Muscular System Manual, Edition 2, PAGES 440-442
ATTACHMENTS
Posterior View
Copyright © 2005 by Mosby, Inc.
INTRINSIC MUSCLES OF THE FOOT
Quadratus Plantae
(OF THE PLANTAR SURFACE—LAYER II)
Pronunciation
❒ kwod-RAY-tus, PLAN-tee
❒ The Calcaneus
❒ the medial and lateral sides
to the
❒ Distal Tendon of the Flexor Digitorum Longus
Muscle
❒ the lateral margin
ACTION
❒ Flexes Toes #2-5 at the Metatarsophalangeal and the
Proximal and Distal Interphalangeal Joints
INNERVATION
❒ The Lateral Plantar Nerve
❒ S2, 3
CARD # 165
Musculoskeletal Anatomy Coloring Book, PAGES 256-257
The Muscular System Manual, Edition 2, PAGES 486-487
ATTACHMENTS
Distal tendon of
flexor digitorum
longus
Plantar View
Copyright © 2005 by Mosby, Inc.
MUSCLES OF THE SCAPULA/ARM
Deltoid
Pronunciation
❒ DEL-toid
❒ Lateral Clavicle, Acromion Process, and the Spine of the
Scapula
❒ the lateral 1⁄3 of the clavicle
to the
❒ Deltoid Tuberosity of the Humerus
ACTIONS
❒ 1. Abducts the Arm at the Shoulder Joint (entire muscle)
❒ 2. Flexes the Arm at the Shoulder Joint (anterior deltoid)
❒ 3. Extends the Arm at the Shoulder Joint (posterior
deltoid)
❒ 4. Medially Rotates the Arm at the Shoulder Joint
(anterior deltoid)
❒ 5. Laterally Rotates the Arm at the Shoulder Joint
(posterior deltoid)
❒ 6. Downwardly Rotates the Scapula at the Scapulocostal
Joint (entire muscle)
❒ 7. Ipsilaterally Rotates the Trunk at the Shoulder Joint
(anterior deltoid)
❒ 8. Contralaterally Rotates the Trunk at the Shoulder Joint
(posterior deltoid)
INNERVATION
❒ The Axillary Nerve
❒ C5, 6
CARD # 181
Musculoskeletal Anatomy Coloring Book, PAGES 282-283
The Muscular System Manual, Edition 2, PAGES 541-544
ATTACHMENTS
Lateral View
Copyright © 2005 by Mosby, Inc.
a. Supraspinatus (cut)
b. Infraspinatus (cut and reflected)
c. Teres Minor
d. Subscapularis (not seen)
e. Teres Major
f. Deltoid (cut and reflected)
g. Coracobrachialis (not seen)
h. Biceps Brachii (not seen)
i. Triceps Brachii
j. Latissimus Dorsi (not seen)
k. Pectoralis Minor (not seen)
CARD # 189
Musculoskeletal Anatomy Coloring Book, PAGES 275 AND 297
The Muscular System Manual, Edition 2, PAGE 517
MUSCLES OF THE SCAPULA/ARM
Posterior View of the Right Glenohumeral Joint
PROXIMAL
Superior border
of the scapula
a
Acromion process
of the scapula
Head of the
humerus
a
f the
eo
Spin
ula
scap
b
L
A
T
E
R
A
L
M
E
D
I
A b
L
Medial
border
of the
scapula
c
f
e
Radial nerve and
deep brachial artery
Axillary
nerve and
posterior
circumflex
humeral
artery
Medial
head
Long
i
head
Lateral
head
DISTAL
Posterior View of the Right Glenohumeral Joint
Copyright © 2005 by Mosby, Inc.
a. Subscapularis
b. Teres Major
c. Deltoid
d. Coracobrachialis
e. Biceps Brachii
f. Brachialis
g. Triceps Brachii
h. Latissimus Dorsi
i. Pectoralis Major (cut and reflected)
j. Pectoralis Minor (cut)
k. Pronator Teres
l. Flexor Carpi Radialis
m. Palmaris Longus
n. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
o. Brachioradialis
CARD # 190
Musculoskeletal Anatomy Coloring Book, PAGES 270 AND 292
The Muscular System Manual, Edition 2, PAGE 518
MUSCLES OF THE SCAPULA/ARM
Anterior View of the Right Arm (Superficial)
c
PROXIMAL
Coracoid
process of
the scapula
Axillary artery
j
Lesser tubercle of
the humerus
Musculocutaneous
nerve
d
a
i
e
b
Long head
Short head
L
A
T
E
R
A
L
Lateral border
of the scapula
h
Median nerve and
brachial artery
e
Long head
Medial head
g
f
Ulnar nerve
Brachial artery
(splits to form
radial and
ulnar arteries)
k
Medial epicondyle
of the humerus
Bicipital
aponeurosis
l
m
n
o
DISTAL
Anterior View of the Right Arm (Superficial)
Copyright © 2005 by Mosby, Inc.
M
E
D
I
A
L
MUSCLES OF THE FOREARM
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Pronunciation
❒ FLEKS-or, dij-i-TOE-rum,
SOO-per-fish-ee-A-lis
❒ Medial Epicondyle of the Humerus (via the Common
Flexor Tendon) and the Anterior Ulna, and the Radius
❒ HUMEROULNAR HEAD: medial epicondyle of the
humerus (via the common flexor tendon) and the
coronoid process of the ulna
❒ RADIAL HEAD: proximal 1⁄2 of the anterior shaft of the
radius (starting just distal to the radial tuberosity)
to the
❒ Anterior Surfaces of Fingers #2-5
❒ the four tendons each divide into two slips that attach
onto the sides of the anterior surfaces of the middle
phalanges
ACTIONS
❒ 1. Flexes Fingers #2-5 at the Metacarpophalangeal and
Proximal Interphalangeal Joints
❒ 2. Flexes the Hand at the Wrist Joint
❒ 3. Flexes the Forearm at the Elbow Joint
INNERVATION
❒ The Median Nerve
❒ C7, 8, T1
CARD # 201
Musculoskeletal Anatomy Coloring Book, PAGES 314-315
The Muscular System Manual, Edition 2, PAGES 589-591
ATTACHMENTS
Humeroulnar
head
Radial
head
Anterior View
Copyright © 2005 by Mosby, Inc.
a. Pronator Teres
b. Flexor Carpi Radialis
c. Palmaris Longus
d. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
e. Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
f. Brachioradialis
g. Flexor Digitorum Profundus
h. Flexor Pollicis Longus
i. Pronator Quadratus
j. Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
k. Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
l. Supinator (not seen)
m. Abductor Pollicis Longus
n. Biceps Brachii
o. Brachialis
p. Triceps Brachii (medial head)
CARD # 216
Musculoskeletal Anatomy Coloring Book, PAGES 298 AND 332
The Muscular System Manual, Edition 2, PAGE 566
MUSCLES OF THE FOREARM
Anterior View of the Right Forearm (Superficial)
PROXIMAL
p
o (deep to median
nerve and brachial
artery from this view)
Median nerve
n
o
Brachial artery
Radial artery
Medial epicondyle
of the humerus
f
L
A
T
E
R
A
L
n (Bicipital
aponeurosis)
j
R
A
D
I
A
L
a
b
c
k
UM
LE
N DI
AA
RL
d
e
h
Ulnar nerve
i
m
Radial artery
Median nerve
Thenar
musculature
DISTAL
Ulnar artery
g
Transverse fibers of
palmar aponeurosis
Palmar aponeurosis
Hypothenar
musculature
Anterior View of the Right Forearm (Superficial)
Copyright © 2005 by Mosby, Inc.
INTRINSIC MUSCLES OF THE HAND
Abductor Pollicis Brevis
(OF THE THENAR EMINENCE GROUP)
Pronunciation
❒ ab-DUK-tor, POL-i-sis, BRE-vis
❒ The Flexor Retinaculum and the Carpals
❒ the tubercle of the scaphoid and the tubercle of the
trapezium
to the
❒ Proximal Phalanx of the Thumb
❒ the radial (lateral) side of the base of the proximal
phalanx and the dorsal digital expansion
ACTIONS
❒ 1. Abducts the Thumb at the Carpometacarpal Joint
❒ 2. Flexes the Thumb at the Metacarpophalangeal Joint
❒ 3. Extends the Thumb at the Carpometacarpal and
Interphalangeal Joints
INNERVATION
❒ The Median Nerve
❒ C8, T1
CARD # 224
Musculoskeletal Anatomy Coloring Book, PAGES 344-345
The Muscular System Manual, Edition 2, PAGES 656-658
ATTACHMENTS
Anterior View
Copyright © 2005 by Mosby, Inc.
a. Palmaris Brevis (not seen)
b. Abductor Pollicis Brevis
c. Flexor Pollicis Brevis
d. Opponens Pollicis (not seen)
e. Abductor Digiti Minimi Manus
f. Flexor Digiti Minimi Manus
g. Opponens Digiti Minimi
h. Adductor Pollicis (deep to fascia)
i. Lumbricals Manus
j. Palmar Interossei (2nd not seen)
k. Dorsal Interossei Manus
l. Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
m. Flexor Digitorum Profundus
CARD # 235
Musculoskeletal Anatomy Coloring Book, PAGES 341 AND 357
The Muscular System Manual, Edition 2, PAGE 645
INTRINSIC MUSCLES OF THE HAND
Palmar View of the Right Hand (Superficial Muscular Layer)
PROXIMAL
Transverse fibers
of palmar
aponeurosis
Flexor retinaculum
Scaphoid
Pisiform
g
c
f
b
e
h
i
Sesamoid
bone
L
A
T
E
R
A
L
R
A
D
I
A
L
j
k
k
l
k
j
k
l
m
m
DISTAL
Palmar View of the Right Hand
(Superficial Muscular Layer)
Copyright © 2005 by Mosby, Inc.
U
L
N
A
R
M
E
D
I
A
L