PERIOD 2 DBQ
HIPP Categories
Document A:
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Historical Context: Civil Rights movement is the large detail of context for the era. During a
time of prominent violent response to the Civil Rights movement. Sit-in movement, bus boycott
are important events that occurred around the same time.

Intended Audience: Protesters and others who felt the same about non-violence, SNCC
members, black and white college students with a religious perspective.

Purpose: To inform about non-violent protests and what SNCC hoped to achieve through nonviolent protest.
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Point of View: Argument from the non-violent perspective, renouncing the use of violence by the
movement.
Document B:

Historical Context: Civil Rights Movement, March on Birmingham, pre-March on Washington,

Intended Audience: the “clergymen:” figures of the Civil Rights movement, even just people
involved in the Civil Rights movement

Purpose: To educate other people to the violence that was going on and the injustice in
Birmingham, AL toward blacks in the area, persuade people to fight the injustices in
Birmingham.

Point of View: Opposing the injustices in the South, notably Birmingham, non-violent
“righteousness,” in pursuit of changes in the South.
Document C:

Historical Context: March on Birmingham, a major civil rights protest in one of the most
segregated cities in the US, an example of police brutality against peaceful blacks and the violent
resistance to the movement, “Bull” Connor’s methods of breaking up the movement.

Intended Audience: Civil rights activists, southern blacks.

Purpose: To show the unjust, violent treatment of peaceful black protestors during the Civil
Rights movement, specifically the march on Birmingham

Point of View: Whites were treating blacks unjustly, desegregationist perspective.
Document D

Historical Context: March on Washington, year before the Civil Rights act was passed, postmarch on Birmingham, national attention to the Civil Rights movement, segregation still exists,
not entirely banned by federal gov’t

Intended Audience: American public

Purpose: To address the issues at hand in terms of Civil Rights and to outline the actions that he
wants to take, PROPOSES THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT, states that race has no place in American
life or law.

Point of View: Everyone deserves equal rights under the law, everyone has to work together and
cooperate, and action needs to be taken by the federal government.
Document E:

Historical Context: After marches on Birmingham, Washington, after the Civil Rights act and
the Voting Rights act, the division of the Civil Rights movement between North and South, nonviolence and violence.

Intended Audience: His supporters, northerners, poor, urban, northern Black people who are fed
up with the lack of effort to help their cause.

Purpose: He wanted blacks to have equal rights in the community, to inform blacks about what
their demands should be to get equal rights in their community, inform black people that they
have the potential and the right to achieve equality in the North.

Point of View: Unite the community, use solidarity efforts, unite as one, separate from the white
community.
Document F:

Historical Context: Around the time of widespread race riots in Northern cities, when the Civil
Rights movement began to split and continue to split because of different views and strategies,
mostly pertaining to violence, pro-violence “militant” organization is established.

Intended Audience: general American public and black people in particular.

Purpose: To gain support against the “racist” actions of the government, to show yet again the
unfairness toward the black community, to gain support for the Black Panther Party

Point of View: Pro-security for blacks and pro-violence
Document G:

Historical Context: Voting rights act of 1965, Civil Rights Act of 1964, efforts to register black
voters like the Freedom Summer of 1964

Intended Audience: Scholarly research

Purpose: To show the change in African American voter registration totals, and show the overall
increase in black voters, especially in the southern states.

Point of View: Unbiased statistics.