2011-2012
MN330: Modern Business in Comparative Perspective
Lecturers
Luciano Ciravegna
Robert Fitzgerald (course leader)
Ailson Moraes
Chikako Oka
Sigrun Wagner
luciano.ciravegna@rhul.ac.uk
r.fitzgerald@rhul.ac.uk
a.moraes@rhul.ac.uk
chika.oka@rhul.ac.uk
sigrun.m.wagner@rhul.ac.uk
Themes
The course asks students to consider fundamental questions:
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Why have some nations succeeded economically, while others have not? Why do the world’s
living standards vary so considerably?
To what extent are these variations in national wealth and human opportunity explained by
differences in national business systems and managerial organization?
Have the causes of economic and managerial change been unique and national or general and
global in their origin?
How do we find the means to explain such large-scale, highly complex events and trends?
The course is based on the detailed study of five major economies, chosen for their significance and size,
and for the lessons they might reveal. These countries are the United States, Japan, Germany, Britain and
China. The aim is explicitly to compare the experiences of these nations, explore similarities and
differences in their economic and managerial organization, and seek explanations for variations in
long-term performance.
We will consider influential interpretations of national economic success and cases of international
competitiveness. We will review issues from a number of levels: from the nation state to localities,
individual industries, firms, and core business functions. We will evaluate the international dimensions
of business, national characteristics, and selected firm studies in combination, in order to provide
generalizations grounded in evidence.
Since management and business do not operate in a vacuum, it follows that the course will draw on a
range of intellectual and analytical traditions: the political, institutional, cultural and historical will be
placed alongside the economic and the organizational.
The course offers you the prospect of thinking deeply about the nature of modern economies and the
differences between national business systems. It will provide a critical understanding of key theories,
and suggest ways of analysing both complex information and evidence drawn from differing situations
and contexts. The course asks you to recognize the varied dimensions of modern business, and to acquire
the higher-order understanding and reflection that should underpin managerial decision-making.
In summary, this course is concerned with the economic success of nations and competition in the
modern international economy. It has the ambitious task of explaining the achievements of the world’s
advanced economies, and does so by exploring the character of their institutions and businesses through
the application of comparative methods. Then, it takes the analysis one step further by elucidating the
historical origins of differences in national institutions and corporate capabilities, and by considering the
long-term relationship between trends in the international economy, the economic development of
nations, and the nature of business systems.
As a result, we focus on a number of themes at different stages of the course:
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The key differences in the managerial objectives and business structures of enterprises found in
different nations.
The relationship between business systems (management, the nature of decision-making,
strategies, employment, production systems, technology) and national institutions (government,
finance, and education).
The relationship between (i) differences in business systems and national institutions and (ii)
rates of economic growth and national competitiveness.
The explicit and considered use of comparative analysis, in order to determine those factors that
have been substantive causes of national economic success in different countries.
The reasons why national institutions and business systems vary between nations, the processes
by which differing business systems emerge, and the longer-term consequences of their
particular formation.
The need for detailed empirical knowledge of those nations being investigated, and the
usefulness of theories and concepts with which to organize and interpret such information.
Aims
The aims of Modern Business in Comparative Perspective can be summarized:
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Describing the economic success of nations, performance and competition in the modern
international economy.
Explaining the achievements of the world’s leading economies by exploring the character of
their institutions and businesses through the application of comparative methods.
Elucidating the historical origins of differences in national institutions and corporate
capabilities.
Considering the relationship between trends in the international economy, the economic
development of nations, and the nature of business systems.
In paying particular attention to the evolution of economic and business systems in the United States,
Japan, Germany, Britain, and China, a number of topics are studied in turn:
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The value of comparative analytical methods.
The ideas of major international, historical and comparative business theorists.
Macro-economic patterns and determinants of economic growth.
Institutions and social capital.
Business organisation, culture, and the state.
Industries, firms, clusters and networks.
Business systems: operational, financial, and human.
Competitiveness, productivity and living standards.
National versus transnational causes of economic success and firm-level competitiveness.
The approach adopted is, to re-iterate, internationally comparative. This means that no issue or topic is
examined purely from a local or single perspective. Economies, industries, firms and business functions
are compared and contrasted with a view to discovering similarities and differences in experience, and,
more importantly, the underlying reasons for such similarities and differences.
Outcomes
One important outcome, at the end of the course, is to uncover the essential determinants of economic
performance and its links with the success of individual firms, whole industries and national economies.
We need, by this stage, to be conscious of the difficulties involved in proving any general interpretation,
let alone a theory.
Anyone who is interested in understanding the global forces shaping their lives requires a frame of mind
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that is rooted in an internationally comparative perspective. In other words, anyone who seeks to
comprehend determinant economic forces and business practice - those factors that underpin standards
of living and the quality of life - has to engage in a complex, intellectual process. During the course, you
must begin to understand the importance of this insight, and utilise it in your assignments and activities.
You will, therefore, have to acquire the ability to think comparatively between nations, industries, firms,
and functions. In dealing with a topic, you must assimilate a wide range of relevant empirical
information, and apply it through the use of theories and concepts. The aim is to use these skills to gain
an understanding of economic development and its institutional and organizational roots amongst major
countries. You will, as students, need to read widely and in accordance with the published reading and
seminar programme. Nonetheless, these readings are only a starting-point for the information and
insights you will need on the major economies, corporate case studies, and leading theories.
Textbook
As there is no course textbook, please refer to the provided course readings, and look carefully at the
bibliography by theme at the end of the course guide. You will, however, find the following books
useful as leading works on comparative business or for the overview they provide.
1. For the relevance of its analysis: C Smith, B McSweeeney and R Fitzgerald, Remaking Management:
Between Global and Local (Cambridge University Press, 2008).
Important note: make sure that you read chapter 4 specifically, but also chapters 1-3.
2. For its information on the world economy and its structure: P.Dicken, Global Shift: the
Internationalisation of Economic Activity (2003) 338.09 DIC
3. As the leading work on comparative business: M.E.Porter, The Competitive Advantage of Nations
(London: Macmillan, 1990) 338.6048 POR
4. As another major work on comparative business: A.D.Chandler, Scale and Scope: The Dynamics of
Industrial Capitalism (Harvard University Press, 1990) 338.644 CHA
5. As a basic but incomplete comparison of business practices, using limited perspectives, but offering
an introduction to certain topics, C.I.Koen, Comparative International Management (McGraw Hill.
2005).
Course Organisation
The course is taught by means of lectures and seminars. Lectures deal with broad intellectual and
macro-economic themes, and with major international differences in corporate organisation and business
functions.
Seminars will be based on collections of readings that will be available on Moodle. You are expected to
begin preparing and reading for the seminars from the beginning of the course in September.
Lectures take place in the Windsor Auditorium at 4-5 pm on Tuesdays.
The first lecture will be held on the 27th September. Please look carefully as the course programme and
schedule below.
The first seminars are held in the week beginning the 17th October. Please refer to the departmental
timetables for the times and days of the MN330 seminars. You will be asked to sign up for one of the
seminars, and it is important and expected (for seminar organization, but also if you wish to be awarded
a presentation mark) that you consistently attend the seminar for which you are formally registered. You
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must sign up for your presentation group during seminar 1, held, depending on which one you have been
allocated, between 17th October and 21st October.
As attendance at all seminars is vital, a register at each session will be kept. You will need to register and
note which seminar to attend before the 17th October. The lectures will help you in your preparation for
the first and following seminars, but you should use the intervening time between the beginning or the
course and the first seminar to undertake at least the indicated preparatory reading.
Course Requirements
The course makes extensive demands on participants, requiring, alongside the ability to think deeply, the
capacity to work intensively and professionally. You will need to communicate your results and thoughts
within seminars, and to do so in an effective manner. You will require a combination of study and human
skills. You are expected:
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to attend at all times
to read widely and critically as a follow-up to lectures and as preparation for seminars
to contribute actively to class discussion in seminars.
In a course such as this, which deals with big ideas and broad themes, you have to contemplate and study
methodically if you are to benefit fully. In seminars, the tutor will require individuals to make expositions
on key points whenever asked. This one reason among many why it is essential to keep up with the
reading programmes. You are encouraged to use library and other research resources, since you cannot
rely merely on material made available on Moodle for assignments and examination preparation. As
suggested above, you should use the reading list organised by theme towards the end of this study guide.
Consequently, you will have to develop good research and library skills.
Lecture, Seminar and Assignment Overview
Week Beginning
26th September 2011
10th October 2011
Lecture
1. Comparative Business and National Economic
Success (27th September)
2. Concepts and Frameworks for Comparative Analysis
(4th October)
3. Modern Economic Growth (11th October)
17th October 2011
4. Global Production and Trade (18th October)
24th October 2011
5. Location, Clusters and Globalization (25th October)
31st October 2011
6. Business Organisation and Corporate Capabilities (1st
November)
7th November 2011
7. The Transnational Corporation (8th November)
14th November 2011
8. The State and National Competitiveness (15th
November)
21st November 2011
9. Human Resources: Patterns (22nd November):
28th November 2011
10. Human Resources (29th November):
3rd October 2011
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Seminar
No seminar. Preparation and
reading for seminars
No seminar. Preparation and
reading for seminars
No seminar. Preparation and
reading for seminars
1. Comparative Methods and
National Economic Success
Advice on presentations and
assignment
No seminar. Preparation and
reading for seminars
2. National Competitive Advantage
and its Critics
Study groups confirmed.
Presentation topics allocated.
No seminar. Preparation and
reading for seminars
3. Scale, Scope and the Business
Environment
No seminar. Preparation and
reading for seminars
4. Comparing Industries: National
and International Factors
5th December 2011
No lecture
Term ends 9th December 2011
No seminar. Preparation and
reading for seminars
16th January 2012
11. Patterns of National Business Systems (17th January)
23rd January 2012
12. Late Development and National Competitiveness
(24th January)
13. Business Systems and Causal Factors (31st January)
No seminar. Preparation and
reading for seminars
No seminar. Preparation and
reading for seminars
5. Presentations: Human Resources
and the State
6. Late Industrialisation and
National Institutions
No seminar. Preparation and
reading for seminars
7. Presentations: National Culture
and Transnational Business
8. Presentation: Technological
Innovation.
Assignment preparation
9. Revision Class
Assignment preparation
NB This is the last week for making
appointments with the course staff
to discuss your assignment.
Assignment preparation
30th January 2012
6th February 2012
13th February 2012
14. National Culture and the Spirit of Capitalism (7th
February)
15. Technological Innovation (14th February)
20th February 2012
16. Production and Operating Systems (21st February)
27th February 2012
17. Finance, Shareholding and Stakeholding (28th
February)
18. Finance and Corporate Governance (6th March)
19. Systems, Firms and National Competitiveness (13th
March)
5th March 2012
12th March 2012
19th March 2012
20. Interpreting and Understanding Modern Business
(20th March)
Revision lecture
Term ends 23rd March 2012
Assignment due 22nd March 2012
Seminar Information
Seminar 1:
Comparative Methods and National Economic Success
Essential material for this seminar is available on Moodle.
Consider the following questions and issues:
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What do you think are the advantages of comparative analysis?
What particular problems do you foresee at this stage in applying comparative thinking?
What are the main points of similarity between the US and British business systems?
In what fundamental ways are the German and Japanese business systems different to the
Anglo-American form?
Carefully re-consider the view held by some that the US and British economies are similar. Are
you aware yet of any major differences between them?
Carefully re-consider the view that the German and Japanese have important characteristics that
are similar. Do you know yet of the major differences between them?
How unique are government, finance system, corporate governance, or human resources that
make up the business system in China?
Seminar 2:
National Competitive Advantage and its Critics
Essential material for this seminar is available on Moodle.
Consider the following questions and issues:
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Evaluate Porter’s concept of the Diamond and the factors that contribute to the development of
National Competitive Advantage. Why is the diamond so important to Porter’s ideas about
national competitive advantage?
How do national considerations (factor and demand conditions) and industry-level
considerations (firm strategy, structure, and rivalry; related and support industries) inter-act to
create dynamic or declining clusters?
Do you accept Krugman’s argument that the concept of national competitiveness is false? Why?
Do you accept Porter’s view that the state cannot make a substantial contribution to national
competitive advantage?
In a world that is increasingly ‘globalized’, do the sources of economic success now rest on the
internationality of firms rather than on their location within a geographical cluster or specific
region?
Seminar 3:
Scale, Scope and the Business Environment
Essential material for this seminar is available on Moodle.
Consider the following questions and issues:
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Explain what Chandler means by the term ‘managerial enterprise’.
To what extent does Chandler’s analysis explain long-term US economic success?
What does Chandler mean by the phrase ‘personal capitalism’? Do you accept his analysis of
British industrial capitalism and its failings?
In what ways did and do the business structures of large Japanese companies vary from the USA?
Why?
What is the relevance of Chandler’s concepts to explanations of Chinese business?
In addition, the seminar will compare Chandler’s core ideas and concepts to those of Porter.
Seminar 4:
Comparing Industries: National and International Factors
Essential material for this seminar is available on Moodle.
Presentation Topics: Using key theories and the available case evidence, analyze the competitiveness and
structure of leading global industries, and compare and contrast influential critical success factors.
Consider the following questions and issues:
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How important have the textile and steel industries been to the industrialization of leading
economies?
To what extent have US and European textile industries failed to compete against Asian rivals?
Is the textile industry founded on distinct national clusters?
What are the critical success factors in the steel industry? How do we explain the rise of steel
multinationals from India and Brazil?
To what extent are steel multinationals ‘global’ rather than national?
Has competitive advantage in semi-conductors and electronics shifted to Asia? Why, and in wha
sense?
Which nations are internationally competitive in pharmaceuticals? Why?
Examine the critical success factors in the aerospace industry and the usefulness of Porter’s
framework.
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Why are the US and Europe the leading centres in aerospace? How and why have the
competitive fortunes shifted between them?
To what extent are automobile multinationals ‘global’ rather than national?
Explain the success of US, British and European international banks.
Compare similarities and differences in the critical success factors of leading industries.
In what ways and why do the critical success factors of industries change and shift between
nations?
Seminar 5:
Presentations on Human Resources and the State
Please refer to relevant bibliography at end of course guide.
Two study groups from each seminar will present on a topic for 30-35 minutes each, followed by
questions and answers. Details on the structure of presentations can be found below. A mark will
normally be awarded to the presentation group as whole, but variations may be made for strong or weak
individual performances during the presentation, or validated and inadequate contributions made to the
work of the group.
All groups must present a report of 1500-2000 words, written collectively, to the seminar tutor on the day
of the presentation, as well as being submitted to Turnitin. Marks are based on individual and group
performance at the presentations in combination with the report. The presentation is worth 10% of the
final course marks for each student.
Please read carefully the section after this one entitled ‘Presentations’, notably section (f).
Presentation 1: How significant is the link between human resource management and training practices,
on the one hand, and national competitiveness, on the other, and how might these practices account for
differing levels of success between major economies?
Presentation 2: In what ways can governments facilitate the development of major industries and
contribute to national competitiveness. Alternatively, is their role in long-term decline?
Seminar 6:
Late Industrialization and National Institutions
Essential material for this seminar is available on Moodle.
Consider the following questions and issues:
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Explore and analyze the major institutional and organizational characteristics of US and British
(or Anglo-Saxon) capitalism.
Explore and analyze the major institutional characteristics and organizational of German (or
Continental) capitalism.
Explore and analyze the major institutional characteristics and organizational of Asian
capitalism.
Do you accept the suggestion that the Chinese and Japanese business systems have similarities
in comparison to the other major economies? Or does Japan have more similarities with its other
rivals?
To what extent do you think Germany is typical of Continental Europe more generally?
Seminar 7:
Presentations on National Culture and Transnational Business
Please refer to relevant bibliography at end of course guide.
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Two study groups from each seminar will present on a topic for 30-35 minutes each, followed by
questions and answers. Details on the structure of presentations can be found below. A mark will
normally be awarded to the presentation group as whole, but variations may be made for strong or weak
individual performances during the presentation, or validated and inadequate contributions made to the
work of the group.
All groups must present a report of 1500-2000 words, written collectively, to the seminar tutor on the day
of the presentation, as well as being submitted to Turnitin. Marks are based on individual and group
performance at the presentations in combination with the report. The presentation is worth 10% of the
final course marks for each student.
Please read carefully the section after this one entitled ‘Presentations’, notably section (f).
Presentation 3: Is the argument that national culture determines the nature of business systems and lies
at the root of economic competitiveness highly-persuasive or fundamentally flawed?
Presentation 4: How do transnational corporations reveal or affect the competitiveness of national
economies, and does their increasing role in the world economy demonstrate that competitive advantage
is no longer national in origin?
Seminar 8:
Presentation on Technological Innovation
Please refer to relevant bibliography at end of course guide.
Two study groups from each seminar will present on a topic for 30-35 minutes each, followed by
questions and answers. Details on the structure of presentations can be found below. A mark will
normally be awarded to the presentation group as whole, but variations may be made for strong or weak
individual performances during the presentation, or validated and inadequate contributions made to the
work of the group.
All groups must present a report of 1500-2000 words, written collectively, to the seminar tutor on the day
of the presentation, as well as being submitted to Turnitin. Marks are based on individual and group
performance at the presentations in combination with the report. The presentation is worth 10% of the
final course marks for each student.
Please read carefully the section after this one entitled ‘Presentations’, notably section (f).
Presentation 5: Is the capacity for technological innovation the key factor in determining the long-term
performance of national economies? Compare differences in the innovation systems of leading
economies.
Seminar 9:
Revision
A summary of the course’s objectives and key topics, plus examination and assignment advice.
Presentations
(a) Seminars will be divided into presentation groups, each of which will be responsible for a
specific presentation topic. In their groups, all students will prepare a presentation of 30-35
minutes on their allotted days. Every student will be expected to present.
(b) Each presentation group must in addition submit a collective report in hard copy on their
presentation topic of 1500-2000 words at the seminar session in which their presentation takes
place. The report should include all the names and candidate numbers of the presentation group.
The report must also be submitted to TurnitinUK.
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(c) The report should reflect and substantiate the content of the presentation, and both elements are
assessed in combination.
(d) Students will be allocated their presentation topic early in the course, and will have a long period
in which to organise and prepare. Allocation of presentation groups will occur during the first
seminar, and the registration of presentation groups will take place in the week after.
(e) The registration of presentation group membership and the allocation of presentation topics to
each group is a formal process. Membership and topic is decided in seminar 1 and decided or
agreed by the seminar tutor. The presentation group leader/contact must register these details
with the School of Management’s UG office within one week of seminar 1. The process will also
be explained during that seminar. Attendance therefore is essential.
(f) Students who fail to present during their allocated topic at the seminar for which they are
formally registered will receive a mark of zero. Undertaking the presentation is an integral part
of the course work, and to be treated as seriously as the written examination. Moreover, students
who fail to complete the course work and therefore the course may not be allowed to sit the
examination. You will be expected to plan ahead for any illnesses or personal issues that may
occur just before any presentation, especially as presentation groups will know the topic and the
presentation date months in advance. Any short-term illnesses or personal issues, or any illnesses
or personal issues of which the UG office is unaware will not be accepted as an excuse to delay
a presentation or to excuse any individual student from participation in the presentation and its
associated report. Any illnesses on the day will require a medical certificate.
(g) After their presentations, groups will be asked to answer questions from other students or the
seminar tutor.
(h) The criteria for assignments and examinations (see below) apply for the presentations, namely
answering the question; knowledge of cases and evidence; knowledge of theory and literature;
analysis and structure; and effective and apposite comparisons.
(i) Marks will in addition reflect communication skills as well as content: the capacity to talk and
present rather than read; the clarity of the presentation; and the ability to communicate key ideas.
(j) Presentation groups should consider how they first introduce their topic, perhaps presenting an
overview, and indicating the key theoretical and empirical points that will cover the topic or
validate their argument; the presentation might then investigate each of these key issues in turn;
students should bear in mind the links between each key issue they identify and their main
argument, and the analytical and content links between the key issues themselves; in other
words, marks will be awarded for incisive analysis and a clear analytical structure; the
conclusion might usefully summarise and re-emphasise the main argument and key points.
(k) The argument in each presentation should be sharp and concise, as well as analytical and
well-structured. Do not try and relay too much detail, which the audience cannot absorb. Do not
be led merely by the information and approach of the authors in the study-pack. Your task is to
re-interpret them in pursuit of your own argument. Above all, avoid just saying that one author
said ‘x’, the next said ‘y’, and so on, as this is not an argument. It is reportage of no value to
others with equal access to the authors. Each student is asked to add his or her own insights, and
will be assessed on this basis.
(l) An internationally comparative approach is vital. In order to be analytical and comparative,
students might use comparative examples and evidence within their analytical structure of key
determinants or critical success factors.
(m) Students should refer where necessary and where apt to ideas about national competitive
advantage, clustering, networks, late industrialization, managerial enterprise, the state, and
culture; their application to the major global industries, major corporations, or family business
structures; the nature of organizational capabilities in human resources, production, technology,
finance, and marketing; and the comparison of nations, industries, companies, and functions,
and the differing insights to be obtained from comparisons at these different levels.
(n) In addition to any introduction and conclusion, you may have time to make only 3, 4 or 5 major
points to validate your case. These should be the main supports for your analysis, and you can
then quote one or two pieces of evidence to validate each major analytical point made in turn.
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The aim is that each member of your audience can leave with an understanding of the main
debates in each topic, the key points around which each debate revolves (3-5 in total), and some
quoted evidence to bolster every key point. These aims, of course, should be reflected in the
structure of your presentation.
(o) Marks can be awarded to the group as a whole, but tutors and assessors reserve the right to make
variations for individuals that contributed significantly to the group’s work, performed well
during the presentation, or asked or answered questions in a way deserving credit. Similarly,
marks may vary for failure to contribute or for a poor performance.
Critical Success Factors: Comparing Industries
The idea of critical success factors can be used as a tool in comparison and as a means of linking macro
and micro considerations (e.g. national factors such as government and science education with R&D in
high tech industries and firms). Nonetheless, the competitive demands within every industry vary. Some
markets are more price-sensitive than others, or subject to greater fluctuations in demand; some are more
internationalised than others; some gain competitive advantages through clustering effects; some can
command higher margins or value added, but others do not; some are technologically complex by
comparison. These factors and others influence the structure of industries, and the nature of business
organization, management and strategy.
Some industries operate on a large scale; others depend on smaller scale production. Some operate long
production-runs; others manufacture in batches or in flexible response to market changes. In different
industries, at different times, business groups may play a vital role. Some are dominated by large-scale
managerial enterprises; others by small to medium-sized firms. The success of some can be determined
by cycles of domestic demand (the post-war Japanese steel industry, or the current Japanese electronics
industry), and late development effects. The activities of government will vary according to industries,
nation or the stage of economic development. The scale of production and the costs of product
development can be so large that international strategic alliances and mergers are symptomatic. In many
cases, the cultivation of human skills or technology is vital; in other cases, cheap labour and cost
reduction may be essential. Variations in labour costs or capital costs or marketing costs may differ
significantly, as will the importance of organizational capabilities such as operations management or
human resource management.
Critical success factors concern national institutions (role of state, finance systems, or education levels)
and business organization (management, operations, or human skills). Logically, a nation that
demonstrates success in a specific industry will possess the critical success factors important to that
industry; nations whose performance is progressing in a specific industry will be improving in these
critical success factors; capabilities will be declining where performance is failing; changes in the
fortunes of national industries will reveal, too, locational shifts in critical success factors.
The nature and importance of critical success factors for any industry will change over time, reflecting
new and evolving demands in product markets, competition, and business organization.
The following list of critical success factors is by no means exhaustive but is available for your
consideration. You should feel free to amend and add to the list.
For example:
 Labour markets; the role of internal labour markets, or human resource management in large
companies; training, education and skills;
 Management and business organization; capitalization levels; economies of scale; economies of
scope; internalities; nature of operations management and vertical integration;
 Technology utilization; research and development;
 Availability of natural resources; domestic demand levels;
 Degree of internationalisation;
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Government and industrial policy;
Capital markets and availability of finance; governance structures;
Business groups and networks; distribution and marketing; sourcing and procurement;
externalities.
Assessment
 One piece of individual coursework of 2000-2500 words (20%).
 A group presentation (30-35 minutes followed by questions and answers) and a group report of
1500-2000 words (10%).
 A three hour written examination (70%).
The Assignment
The assignment must be submitted on or before 12.00 a.m. of the due date. Failure to submit an essay on
time without first securing an extension will result in a loss of marks; marks will be reduced by 25% if the
essay is up to one week late; the marks for work over one week late but received within two weeks will
be halved; thereafter, a mark of zero will be awarded. Please refer the School of Management Student
Handbook for full regulations on the submission of coursework.
Course work in normal circumstances must be submitted before you are allowed to take the examination.
Extensions are in practice only awarded for medical reasons and require a supporting certificate.
Students who fail to complete the assignment and therefore the course may not be allowed to sit the
examination. You will be expected to plan ahead for any illnesses or personal issues that may occur
between the start of the course in September and the submission date in March. Any short-term illnesses
or personal issues, or any illnesses or personal issues of which the UG office are unaware will not be
accepted as an excuse for an extension. Extensions are given only for certificated medical reasons, for
long term medical conditions known to the UG office, or for long term personal issues known to the UG
office.
You are invited to see the lecturing staff about the assignment at any point after the beginning of the
course, and you are advised not to leave enquiries to the last few weeks of the spring term. Try and plan
your reading and research well in advance of the submission date, and plan for events such as short term
illness. Please note that, as a rule, the week 12th March to 16th March is the last week for making
appointments to discuss the assignment. Lecturers may judge that consultations will be too near
completion to be of value.
Due date: 22nd March 2012
Length: 2000-2500 words (worth 20%)
Answer only ONE of the following
1. Can the concepts of ‘early’ and ‘late’ industrialization explain the key institutional and
organizational characteristics of national business systems, and do they have any bearing on
long-term national competitiveness?
2. What are the strengths and limitations of Porter’s model of national competitive advantage in
explaining the comparative nature and achievements of national business systems?
3. To what extent has Chandler’s model of large-scale, integrated managerial enterprise provided
a corporate blueprint for the long-term competitiveness of leading economies? Account for
major differences between nations.
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4. To what extent do comparisons of production and operations management reveal examples of
determinant national competitive advantage? Have analysts overlooked important differences
between industries and companies?
5. Are free market or regulated financial systems and capital markets the best means of achieving
long-term economic success and effective corporate governance?
Marking Criteria
For both assignments and examination answers, marks will be awarded for the appropriate use of
comparison across nations, industries, companies and business functions. You should answer each
question with reference to at least two countries and preferably more, even where only one country is
cited in the question. A proper balance between theory and evidence and the appropriate use of national,
industry or corporate examples in each answer will receive favourable consideration.
In Modern Business in Comparative Perspective, you will receive marks for fulfilling the following
specific criteria:
 Answering the question.
You need, naturally, fully to interpret the set question; to consider key words or phrases; to decide
how all parts of the question are connected (although possibly asked in two parts, there are
connections that should be reflected in your answer); to devise an analysis and/or essay structure that
allows you to answer the question fully; and, through analysis and thought, to determine the key
issues, debates and subject matter as opposed to the peripheral or irrelevant.
 Knowledge of Cases and Evidence.
It is impossible to gain high marks unless you demonstrate knowledge of countries, institutions,
industries, firms, and organizational functions. Evidence enables you to avoid annoying
generalizations and sweeping statements. While some cases may support one interpretation of an
issue or question, other cases may not. Use your cases and evidence within an analytical structure
designed to answer the question rather than just mentioning cases and authors in turn and without
clear purpose.
 Knowledge of Theory and Literature.
You need to demonstrate an understanding of major authors and theories whenever relevant. But
please avoid repeating the work of others at length. Often a short summary is sufficient, and the
questions on the course direct you to critique and not exegesis. You should employ theories and
concepts as a means of shaping your use of evidence, and theory and evidence should be synergic
and not separate.
 Analysis and Structure.
This is the main characteristic that defines a good assignment. You are expected to know the major
literature and offer evidential support as a basic part of studying for the course. The point is whether
you have thought about the material, and whether you can use it to argue coherently and analytically
in response to a set problem. The insights implicit in your analysis should be reflected in the design
of your assignment structure, which, in turn, should be apparent to the marker.
 Comparisons.
It should be no surprise on this course that you have to offer comparisons. It is better to avoid the
sequential outline of cases, by which is meant a discussion of (say) the US, Germany, the UK, Japan
and China in turn and separately. The approach causes problems in the design of an analytical
structure, and it is not directly comparative because you treat each example separately. Place
evidence from each nation within the issues set by an analytical structure: that is, if you were to
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discuss comparative human resources, place choices of evidence from Germany, UK, US, Japan and
China into most of the assignment sections dealing with key issues such as training, management
education, employment systems, trade unions, etc.
Analysis, Structure and Comparisons
In planning your assignments, and also responses to examination questions, it is valuable to consider
several issues:
 Decide on your answer to the question or your point of view before you begin. That is, interpret
the set question insightfully with both full understanding of its context and implications and an
appreciation of its various dimensions and issues.
 Include an analysis or description of relevant theories and concepts, blend them with (only)
germane evidence and cases, and support your view with theoretical understanding, evidence
and cases.
 To achieve this objective, you must plan your analytical structure carefully and be in a position
to establish links between its different sections. That is, do not lose the thematic thread that
unites the various aspects of your essay, and ensure that your use of theory, concepts, evidence
and analytical structure lead you towards the answer you have already determined.
 To decide upon the core of your structure, that is the key points of your assignment or
examination answer, you must be well read and knowledgeable about the relevant major topics
on the course.
One possible answer structure is:
 Introduction. Suggest an answer to the question and outline how you intend to validate your
suggested answer by clarifying the analytical structure (and maybe, therefore, the thematic
thread or point of view you will pursue).
 Describe the key theories, and/or debates, and/or areas of critique surrounding the question.
Keep this section as short as possible: you need to state the main concepts but you need greater
space to do more in order to acquire higher order marks. Try and establish a link with your
structure (in themes and ideas) and the following sections.
 Key point 1: employ empirical information and quote cases from at least two nations but
hopefully more. Make your comparisons between cases direct and explicit.
 Key point 2: employ empirical information and quote cases from at least two nations but
hopefully more. Make your comparisons between cases direct and explicit.
 Key point 3: employ empirical information and quote cases from at least two nations but
hopefully more. Make your comparisons between cases direct and explicit.
 Do you need an extra section that pulls the previous sections together, or a section that follows
logically from your separate conclusions you make amongst the key points? You may, for
example, have analyzed late development characteristics, but might now look at one of the large
implications, such as which business systems are more inclined towards long versus short
termism.
 Are there other aspects of the debate that needed to be added, which could not be easily fitted
into the structure, but nevertheless remain relevant? Or are there important debates you feel are
ignored by the question? For example, you may have analyzed the ‘classic’ Japanese
management structures, but now need to question its relevance for the last ten years. You could
discuss the state, culture or any management function at a national level, but then look at the
implications of globalization for any analysis that treats nation states in isolation.
 Conclusion. If possible, after summarising your answer, discuss other aspects of the debate
needing investigation, or assess the reliability of current evidence and research.
An alternative answer structure is:
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

Introduction. Suggest an answer to the question and outline how you intend to validate your
suggested answer by clarifying the analytical structure (and maybe, therefore, the thematic
thread or point of view you will pursue).
Describe the key theories, and/or debates, and/or areas of critique surrounding the question.
Keep this section as short as possible: you need to state the main concepts but you need greater
space to do more in order to acquire higher order marks. Try and establish a link with your
structure (in themes and ideas) and the following sections.
Key argument 1: as proposed by one major group of analysts or one well known theorist, and as
reflected in your discussion of the literature. Test with empirical information and quote cases
from at least two nations but hopefully more. Make your comparisons direct and explicit.
Key argument 2: as proposed by one major group of analysts or one well known theorist, and as
reflected in your discussion of the literature. Test with empirical information and quote cases
from at least two nations but hopefully more. Make your comparisons direct and explicit.
Your resolution of the above debates, justifying your argument logically and empirically.
Are there other aspects of the debate that needed to be added, which could not be easily fitted
into the structure, but nevertheless remain relevant? Or are there important debates you feel are
ignored by the question? See examples above.
Conclusion. If possible, after summarising your answer, discuss other aspects of the debate
needing investigation, or assess the reliability of current evidence and research.
One more alternative structure is:
 Introduction. Suggest an answer to the question and outline how you intend to validate your
suggested answer by clarifying the analytical structure (and maybe, therefore, the thematic
thread or point of view you will pursue).
 Describe the key theories, and/or debates, and/or areas of critique surrounding the question.
Keep this section as short as possible: you need to state the main concepts but you need greater
space to do more in order to acquire higher order marks. Try and establish a link with your
structure (in themes and ideas) and the following sections.
 Proposition 1: based on your analysis of the literature, state one possible conclusion that you
have devised. Test with empirical information and quote cases from at least two nations but
hopefully more. Make your comparisons direct and explicit.
 Proposition 2: based on your analysis of the literature, state one possible conclusion that you
have devised. Test with empirical information and quote cases from at least two nations but
hopefully more. Make your comparisons direct and explicit.
 If both Propositions 1 and 2 are true, then it will lead you inevitably and logically to Proposition
3, which provides an answer to the set question.
 Are there other aspects of the debate that needed to be added, which could not be easily fitted
into the structure, but nevertheless remain relevant? Or are there important debates you feel are
ignored by the question? See examples above.
 Conclusion. If possible, after summarising your answer, discuss other aspects of the debate
needing investigation, or assess the reliability of current evidence and research.
Knowledge of Theory and Cases
Students are advised to use the theoretical insights and the corporate and industry examples covered in
both lectures and seminars.
With respect to the industry cases studied, and their relevance to particular assignment and examination
topics, the following points may be noted.

Material on pharmaceuticals is especially appropriate for R&D issues, managerial enterprise, the
state and government regulation, multinational enterprise, education and human resources,
national competitive advantage, culture, and to some extent other topics.
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The steel industry is especially appropriate for the state, managerial organization, late
development, technology, finance, national competitive advantage, production and operations,
and so on.
Trade, banking, financial and retailing services are especially suited to national competitive
advantage, state/regulation, technology, culture, multinational enterprise, human resources,
finance, and so on.
The electronics industry is especially suited to national competitive advantage, clusters, R&D,
human resources, production management, finance, managerial enterprise, the state, culture, late
development, and so on.
The car industry is especially appropriate for production management, managerial enterprise,
human resources, the state, multinational enterprise, finance, national competitive advantage,
culture, late development, and so on.
Aerospace is especially suited for managerial enterprise, the state, R&D, human resources,
national competitive advantage, production management, culture, finance, and so on.
Textiles is especially appropriate for clusters, culture, human resources, national competitive
advantage, and so on
Furthermore, although each topic is treated and assessed separately, they inevitably share themes. For
example, the late development question involves a number of other themes such as the role of the state,
banking and finance systems, corporate governance and the management of key functions such as R&D
or training systems. The topic of technology management involves late development, the state, human
resources/training, managerial organization, and the international transfer of knowledge and FDI.
Model Answers: Assignment and Examination Themes
The following is designed to assist you with content by pointing out the major issues, debates, and
recurrent errors made by students.
Important Note: In every case, students are advised to refer to the guidance and analysis available in the
relevant lecture.
1. Porter and National Competitive Advantage
i. Introduction. Suggest answer to the question and outline how to validate your suggested answer by
clarifying the analytical structure
ii. Key Questions. Simply: this is usually not just a question about Porter. If you are thinking of outlining
Porter and little else, please think again. Very briefly state what the concepts of national
competitiveness and the diamond entail, which is naturally connected to the work of Porter. But the
question may be asking you to focus on critique. Therefore, what are the key issues, debates and
problems with the ideas about the Competitive Advantage of Nations and the national diamond? The
question may hint that you employ other ideas and a lot of evidence within an analytical structure.
iii. National competitiveness is not a theory but a check list that is a tautology. I.e. if you do certain
economic activities well, you will do well economically. Or German chemical companies succeed
because of Germany’s R&D base. But where did this base come from? The operations of the
chemicals companies? Do national factors just appear in the diamond or do we have a theory of how
differing factor and demand conditions arise?
iv. Is there a lack of the historical dimension, supplied in part by Late Development Theory? How might
this add to missing dimensions in Porter?
v. Why does Porter downplay the role of the state, given the historical importance of the developmental
state in industrialisation and improving national competitiveness?
vi. Are factor and demand conditions purely national in their creation? Note Canada or Hong Kong, plus
the role of the international economy and global webs (see Reich). How do we account for ideas about
globalisation? The increasing role and success of MNEs operating in various markets suggest that it
is their ability to operate across borders and their scale and their resources that bring success, not the
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fact that they may be based in one country or region. MNEs are arguably more foot-loose and can
choose between locations. Why else would governments now have policies to attract inward FDI?
vii. Conclusion
2. Transnational Corporations and Globalization
i. Introduction. Suggest answer to the question and outline how to validate your suggested answer by
clarifying the analytical structure
ii. Key Questions. The notion of national clusters and the geographical locality of business fits uneasily
with the ideas of globalization and footloose international capital. Review the literature on Porter, Reich,
Ohmae etc. What are the current arguments about globalisation and its implications? You don’t have to
argue that all industries and firms have global rather than national loyalties, or vice versa, as there will
be variations. So, you can use real evidence to test the concepts and the breadth of their applicability.
iii. How truly international or global are multinationals? How much do they still trade in their home base?
How much are they regional to Europe or Asia rather than truly global? Note here the recent work of
Rugman.
iii. Why do TNCs have a greater control of cross-border commerce, and why does FDI stock as a ration
of world output continue to grow? Why are the activities of TNC subsidiaries or their global value chains
replacing exports from the home country? Why is inter-trade becoming increasingly important?
iv. How footloose is international business, or to what extent can they be controlled by the actions of
nation states? The death of the nation state (Ohmae) is surely exaggerated. How powerful are TNCs by
comparison? How is this related to ideas about the International Division of Labour?
v. To what extent do the advantages of operating in specific nations or clusters continue to influence the
operations and strategies of international industries and TNCs? Growing importance of cross-border
capabilities? Role of WTO and other IGOs, and role of international chambers of commerce and
standards agencies and other NGOs?
vi. Is the paradox of clusters versus internationalisation a false one? Trade and FDI occurs because
national systems and clusters do have varying strengths and specialisations that raise productivity but
require exchange (as in traditional trade theory or ideas of comparative advantage).
viii. Conclusion
3. The State and Economic Policy
i. Introduction. Suggest answer to the question and outline how to validate your suggested answer by
clarifying the analytical structure
ii. Key Questions. Business is influenced by each nation’s most important institution, the state. The state
carries out important functions, such as education, macro-economic policy, legislation and regulation,
and the building of infrastructure. Governments have also taken on more positive roles, and the concept
of the developmental state concerns the means by which governments have sought to improve national
competitiveness, including protectionism, and (strategic) industrial policies. How however has the
spread of market based policies and globalization constrained the abilities of governments to influence
national economies? Or was their role previously exaggerated? Important tip: this is not an essay on
comparative government, but on comparative business and the ways in which the state shapes business
organization, management, strategy and performance. You can mention areas of government action that
are common or non-contentious in order to focus on areas of dispute or difference.
iii. Protectionism and non-market policies. Why have these declined in usage? Were they ever effective?
Role of WTO, IGOs and free trade agreements in regulating economic relations between states?
iv. Education and training policies: do they have important outcomes?
v. Technology and R&D policies: have these become more important?
vi. Industrial policy and the developmental state: is this the major cause of difference? Is its usage now
in decline and why?
vii. Conclusion
4. Chandler and Managerial Enterprise
i. Introduction. Suggest answer to the question and outline how to validate your suggested answer by
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clarifying the analytical structure
ii. Key Questions. You need to describe the theories of Chandler, and how they are applied in modern
setting. Keep the description of Chandler to a minimum, and focus on the problems so you can develop
arguments and display understanding. What is theory that suggests the relationship between strategy and
structure? How do national patterns of managerial enterprise arise? Why is understanding this trend
important to most of the 20th Century? Is Chandler’s analysis best suited to the US, and to the decades
before the 1980s? What topics show variations from the Chandler model that are important to
understanding other nations and more recent management trends? Does Chandler have a one-best way
approach that ignores different national contexts?
iii. Personal capitalism. Is this really something especially British? Does family ownership prevent the
emergence of complex managerial hierarchies?
iv. Business groups and networks. Chandler focuses on management and internal characteristics of firms.
Yet business groups and networks have been important in the development and competitiveness of
business in Japan and Germany, although the networks are very different.
v. Chandler is also critical of holding company structures in Britain, but not every industry encourages
managerial enterprise as an alternative. Holding companies also give some of the advantages of business
groups, and remain important to Europe generally. They are returning in Japan.
vi. Chandler believes that internal managerial characteristics in big business have national patterns,
although this is questionable, and ignores the idea that national factors can shape management as well as
management shaping national characteristics. Chandler ignores the state, financial systems, and labour.
Moreover, the large size of the US economy gave greater returns to scale, and so increased capital
intensity and outside shareholding, professionalization, and company size. In Britain, Germany and
Japan historically, the size of the national market produced smaller sized enterprises, and therefore
smaller teams of professional management.
vii. Manufacturing and market trends reveal changes in strategy and structure. For most of the 20th
century, returns to scale and scope encouraged integrated managerial enterprises. Do more flexible
technologies and segmented markets since the 1980s require different business structures? Why have
Chinese firms been slow to adopt the Chandler model?
vii. Conclusion
5. Finance and Corporate Governance
1. Introduction and literature review
2. Key Questions. Sources of finance, structure of financial systems, comparative national differences,
influence of government and late development effects, and demand side factors. To what extent are
finance and governance systems converging and to what extent is the Anglo-US system becoming
dominant? Have differences in the system, past and present, been able to explain comparative
performance? How would it do this – ie the institutional explanation? How do you explain the success
of the Japanese and German systems before 1990, and their comparative failure since? How do you
explain trends in the UK and USA? How does the banking system operate in China? What is the
relationship between finance and corporate governance, and can we find a link between performance and
governance? Think about stock markets, bank systems, ownership, business strategy and objectives,
power/authority of management, long termism, investment in technology, machinery and people, or
organizational capabilities generally and so on. What do crises such as that of 2008 tell us?
3. Nature of ownership, governance and business strategy, corporate objectives
4. Power/authority of management, nature of strategic decision making, nature of decisions on building
corporate capabilities
5. Investment in and management of technology, long versus short termism
6. Investment in plant and machinery, relationship to productivity
7. Investment in and management of people, nature of HR systems
8. Changes from before 1990 to after 1990, degree of relationship between performance and finance
systems, forces of convergence and internationalization. Extent to which the crisis of 2008 has
transformed the nature of the debate about finance systems and types of capitalism.
9. Conclusion
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6. Late Development Thesis
i. Introduction. Suggest answer to the question and outline how to validate your suggested answer by
clarifying the analytical structure
ii. Key Questions. What are the major differences in national business systems and institutions? What
are the key issues in Late Development Theory? Outline quickly the main ideas and the mechanisms
that lead to differences in national systems over time. What are the links conceptually between key
institutional differences and LD Theory? Remember in this question to directly link the features of
late industrialization (eg reliance on banks, role of banks, business groups) with specific institutional
characteristics (stock markets versus bank financing, industrial policy, market relationships, long and
short termism, etc). It’s a difference too between the evolution of different national institutions or
business environments that encourage different approaches to strategy, organization and investment
opportunities. Also, demonstrate an impact on performance, using statistics and arguments on how
institutions favour/do not favour competitiveness. Remember too that the question is comparative, not
just on Japan or China: but Germany as well as Japan; the so-called early industrializers like US and
UK and the historical influences on them. Then, of course, how relevant are these ideas in a globalised
economy, or to mature/developed economies such as Japan and German today, rather than yesterday;
or how good an explanation now for China?
iii. Key difference 1: the role of the state
iv. Key difference 2: the role of banks versus shareholding. Impact of 2008 crisis?
v. Key difference 3: business groups and vertical linkages
vi. All the above concern national institutional differences or the context/environment/external
characteristics in which businesses and managers are able to make decisions. How do they affect
management, organization, and performance, or the internal characteristics of the firm? How does e.g.
the nature of finance affect the planning of R&D, and therefore performance? Or long versus short
termism? Impact on employment systems, management skills, education, investment, training,
marketing systems, etc, as well as R&D? Does China fit the pattern?
vii. The 1990s watershed. If business systems in the 1960s were effective, why do they fail in the 1990s,
or vice versa? Does this mean that other factors are more important than the effects of LD? Or that
what is true for the initital stages of economic development are completely irrelevant at a later stage?
Why is China still booming as against Japan or Germany? The impact of 2008?
viii. Conclusion.
7. Production and Operations
i. Introduction. Suggest answer to the question and outline how to validate your suggested answer by
clarifying the analytical structure
ii. Key Questions. Emphatically not just about Japan, but comparative. Emphatically not the usual boring
text-book exposition of how the Japanese invented JIT thanks to a heroic Toyota. Students must be aware
of differences in systems, but ask if the differences were so great, especially between nations. Is one
system good for all companies in one country or for all countries? Again, the institutional context of P&O
systems is vital information, how they affect performance too, and genuine industry level and corporate
examples employed comparatively. Nor can they just rely on the lean production/MIT study/Womack et
al argument. (Nor can you just use some previous essay from the P&O course taught here.) Think about
the coverage: what are the different approaches to production and operations, and give examples. Or look
at corporate level, industry and national differences in production, testing indeed if the differences
between nations are significant.
iii. Management techniques, use of machinery and equipment: case examples
iv. Supplier and marketing networks: case examples
v. Human resources and training: case examples
vi. Production and operations as strategy: case examples
vii. Historical and institutional explanation of varying management approaches and investment,
changing patterns over time
viii. National and sector variations rather than national patterns of advantage?
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ix. Conclusion.
8. Research and Development
i. Introduction. Suggest answer to the question and outline how to validate your suggested answer by
clarifying the analytical structure
ii. Key Arguments. R&D and technology: as the engine of economic growth and the creator of new
industries. How important is its role, or are there other institutional factors, such as management, finance,
etc? Are there national R&D systems, or are large companies the focus of R&D systems? You need
detailed industry level evidence, a notion of how technology becomes commercial innovation, and a
sense of comparative differences, including outcomes. Focus on a key list of analytical topics: innovation
versus invention, first mover advantages and strategy, government, national innovation systems, role of
financial systems and corporate governance, managerial systems and corporate investment and strategies,
nature of national industries, FDI and MNEs, but clearly you can’t cover all these topics one by one.
iii. Importance of technological borrowing against invention
iv. R&D and the large corporation (Chandler argument): case evidence
v. R&D and the state: case evidence
vi. Role of MNEs and international transfer
vii. Institutional environment, financial systems, education systems
vii. Variations between sectors and firms more important than between nations?
ix. Conclusion
9. Culture
i. Introduction. Suggest answer to the question and outline how to validate your suggested answer by
clarifying the analytical structure
ii. Key Arguments. The point is to understand various cultures and the literature on Protestantism and
Confucianism, but to deal with it quickly, and focus on attributes with specific business implications
(work ethic, education/training, thrift and finance systems/investment, emphasis long termism etc). Use
real case examples to prove your points of differences. This is never a question just about Japan, or
Confucianism, but must be comparative. Students must also be aware of criticisms of culture as an
explanation of economic success. This is question with difficult concepts and a clear analytical structure
and precision in argument are vital. The point is to show very quickly how vaguer ideas about national
culture shape specific national business cultures and how these are linked to particular business systems
and management, and the last should be the focus of your discussion.
iii. Work ethic. HR systems, hours of work, entrepreneurship and rewards. In this section, always give
specific case/management examples. Don’t talk vaguely about culture or work ethic. The same applies to
the following sections.
iv. Education/training systems – by state and firms.
v. Thrift. Saving ratios, finance systems, investment patterns, attitudes to waste.
vi. Long Termism. Are some systems of capitalism more long termist than others? Is this due to culture?
vii. Counterargument. Does economic growth and technological/organizational needs, as well as
factory/office work and urbanization, change national/business cultures, and not vice versa?
ix. Conclusion.
10. Human Resources, Education and Training
i. Introduction. Suggest answer to the question and outline how to validate your suggested answer by
clarifying the analytical structure
ii. Key Arguments. Human resources - investment or cost? Have HRs been a weakness in some
countries? To what extent are systems converging? To what extent embedded, and what lessons are there
from the transfer of systems? How do they explain competitive differences? Are there functional
equivalents? The question demands case/company examples. What represents best practice, if there is
such a thing. Are there national differences in HRM and training systems, or are differences more
complex? Focus on key topics, such as industrial relations versus employment relations versus
training/education, and, within them, topics such as collective bargaining/unions (IR) and life time
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employment (ER). Reforms in US and UK since 1980s? In Germany since 2000? Japan since mid
1990s? Reforms and recent employment laws in China, and increasing use of markets and migrant labour
in China?
iii. Employment relations – management structures, job security, welfare/bonus schemes. Size of firms,
and managerial enterprise. Internal labour markets. Life time employment systems.
iv. Industrial relations – trades unions, labour markets, works councils, company/enterprise unions,
employer associations, and representation rights.
v. Work relations. Production and operations management. Line management and organization.
vi. Skills, training, education, productivity.
vii. HR as strategy by firms. HRs as investment. Institutional environment.
vii. How easy to relate HR and training systems to national economic success?
viii. Conclusion
Texts and Internet Information
a. The course is based on a collection of recommended readings, but you will find the following directly
useful:
C Smith, B McSweeeney and R Fitzgerald, Remaking Management: Between Global and Local
(Cambridge University Press, 2008), notably chapter 4, but also chapters 1-3.
P.Dicken, Global Shift: the Internationalisation of Economic Activity (2003) 338.09 DIC
M.E.Porter, The Competitive Advantage of Nations (London: Macmillan, 1990) 338.6048 POR
A.D.Chandler, Scale and Scope: The Dynamics of Industrial Capitalism (Harvard University Press,
1990) 338.644 CHA
C.I.Koen, Comparative International Management (McGraw Hill, 2005)
b. Other general or comparative works may prove valuable during the course:
B Amable, The Diversity of Modern Capitalism (2003)
R Dore, Stock market capitalism: welfare capitalism: Japan and Germany versus the Anglo-Saxons
(2000) [330.122 DOR]
M.Lewis, R.Fitzgerald and C.Harvey, The Growth of Nations: Culture, Competitiveness and the
Problem of Globalization (Bristol Academic Press, 1996) 338.9 LEW
M G Blackford, The Rise of Modern Business: Great Britain, the US, Germany, Japan and China (2008)
c. Other general or comparative works may prove valuable but to a lesser extent:
W Lazonick, R Dore and H W de Jong, The corporate triangle: the structure and performance of
corporate systems in a global economy (1997) [330.122 DOR]
A.Maddison, Dynamic Forces in Capitalist Development (Oxford UP, 1991) 338.9 MAD
P.Hirst and G.Thompson, Globalization in Question (Blackwell, 1996) 339 HIR
A.D.Chandler, P.Hagstrom, and O.Solvell, The Dynamic Firm: Role of Technology, Strategy,
Organization and Regions (OUP, 1998) 338.7 DYN
D.C.Mowery and R.R.Nelson, eds, Sources of Industrial Leadership: Studies of Seven Industries (1999)
338.755 SOU
K Yamamura, The End of Diversity? Prospects for German and Japanese Capitalism (2003)
M H Best, The New Competitive Advantage: the Renewal of American Industry (2001)
W Pascha, Systematic Changes in the German and Japanese Economies (2004)
A M Rugman and T L Brewer, eds, Oxford Handbook of International Business (2001)
D Coates, ed., Varieties of Capitalism, Varieties of Approaches (2005)
W Streeck and K Yamamura, eds, The Origins of Nonliberal Capitalism (2005)
D Johnson and C Turner, European Business (2006)
F B Tipton, Asian Firms (2008)
R S K Wong, Chinese Entrepreneurship in a Global Era (2008)
Steven Brakman, Harry Garretsen, Charles Van Marrewijk, and Arjen Van Witteloostuijn, Nations and
Firms in the Global Economy (2009)
S.K.Vogel, Japan Remodeled: how government and industry are reforming Japanese capitalism (2006).
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J.C.Ableggen, 21st Century Japanese Management – New System, Lasting Values (2006)
PW Rhode and G Toniolo, Global Economy in the 1990s (2006)
S L Lin and A D Zhu, Private enterprises and China’s economic development (2007)
D S Sharpe and H Hasegawa, New horizons in Asian management : emerging issues and critical
perspectives (2007)
M A Witt, Changing Japanese Capitalism (2008)
S A Hipsher, The nature of Asian firms: an evolutionary perspective (2007)
d. Furthermore, the following may act as "substitutes" for the complete works, even if they are no
replacement for the real experience:
A.D.Chandler, "Managerial Enterprise and Competitive Capabilities" in C.Harvey and G.Jones (eds),
Organisational Capability and Competitive Advantage (London: Frank Cass, 1992) 338.6048 ORG
‘Chandler, A D’, International Encyclopedia of Business and Management, 1996, pp.612-7
C.J.Schmitz, The Growth of Big Business in the United States and Western Europe, 1850-1939 (London:
Macmillan, 1993) 338.644 SCH
M E Porter, ‘The Competitive Advantage of Nations’, Harvard Business Review, March-April 1990,
pp.73-93
e. You should note that the following are classics on the course’s topic matter and know of their
existence, but it is not so essential to read them directly:
A.Gershenkron, Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective (Harvard University Press, 1962)
330.91724 GER
S.Kuznets, Modern Economic Growth: Rate, Structure, and Spread (Yale University Press, 1966)
338.09 KUZ
D.C.North, Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance (Cambridge University Press,
1990) 338.7 NOR
M.Weber, Economy and Society (1917) 301.015 WEB
f. Useful sources of on-line information, statistics, and national surveys will, however, be particularly
useful:
United Nations – Statistics Division: www.unstats.un.org/unsd/snaama/Introduction
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development: www.unctad.org/Templates/StartPage
United Nations Centre on Transnational Corporations: www.unctc.unctad.org/aspx.index.aspx
World Bank: www.worldbank.org
International Monetary Fund: www.imf.org
Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development: www.oecd.statsportal
Central Intelligence Agency: www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook
Institute of Management Development: www.imd.ch/wccc
World Economic Forum: www.weforum.org
Research
and
development:
http://www.finfacts.com/irelandbusinessnews/publish/article_10003718.shtml
All of these organisations also provide statistics and publications in hard copy. The World Economic
Forum publishes its international competitiveness report and index every year. Information on
transnationals can be located in the output of UNCTC.
g. Key journals are:
Harvard Business Review
The Economist
Financial Times
Far Eastern Economic Review
Business Week
Journal of International Business Studies
21
Management International Review
Asia Pacific Business Review
Journal of Asia Pacific Management
Journal of World Business
European Management Review
European Journal of Management
British Journal of Management
Most of these are available on-line through the RHUL library service.
Bibliography by Theme
The following bibliography is suggestive of the range of books that students may consult, but it is not
exhaustive. Nor should you assume an automatic need to consult the majority of them. The lists are
indicative and many of the publications are alternatives to others. You are advised too to undertake a
MetaLib or alternative search, by subject theme, for academic journal articles.
Late Industrialization and National Business Systems
M Geppert, D Matten, and K Williams, eds, Challenges for European management in a global context:
experiences from Britain and Germany (2002)
P Hagarian, Innovation and changes in Japanese management (2010)
DH Whittaker and S Deaton, Corporate governance and management reform in Japan (2009)
Y Cassis, Capitals of Capital (2006)
R Coopey and P Lyth, eds, Business in Britain in the Twentieth Century (2009)
R Bottiglia, et al, Consolidation in the European financial industry (2010)
H G Schroter, Americanisation of the European economy (2005)
H G Schroter, The European enterprise (2008)
M G Blackford, The Rise of Modern Business: Great Britain, the US, Germany, Japan and China (2008)
D Johnson and C Turner, European Business (2006)
A Naciri, Corporate Governance around the World (2008)
A E Fernandez Jiberto and B Hogenboom, eds, Big Business and Economic Development:
Conglomerates and Economic Groups in Developing Countries and Transition Economies under
Globalisation (2008)
Curtis Milhaupt, Kon-Sik Kim, and Hideki Kanda, Transforming Corporate Governance in East Asia
(2008)
Morgan, G., Whitley, R. and Moen, E. (eds), Changing Capitalisms?: Internationalisation, Institutional
Change and Systems of Economic Organization (2005)
Lane, C. and Probert, J., National Capitalisms, Global Production Networks: Fashioning the Value Chain
in the UK, USA and Germany (2009)
T Okazaki, ed., Production organizations in Japanese economic development (2007)
R Paprzycki, Foreign direct investment in Japan : multinationals’ role in growth and globalization
(2008)
M Carney, Asian business groups : context, governance and performance (2008)
B Amable, The Diversity of Modern Capitalism (2003)
W Lazonick, R Dore and H W de Jong, The corporate triangle: the structure and performance of
corporate systems in a global economy (1997) [330.122 DOR]
R Dore, Stock market capitalism: welfare capitalism: Japan and Germany versus the Anglo-Saxons
(2000) [330.122 DOR]
R.Whitley, et al, Changing Capitalisms (2005)
G.Menz, Varieties of Capitalism and Europeanization (2005)
R.Sylla and R.Tilly, The State, the Financial System and Economic Modernization (1999)
K Tsai and S Pekkanen, Japan and China in the World Political Economy (2005)
A. Gershenkron, Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective (Harvard U.P., 1962) [SL
330.91724 GER]
22
A.H. Amsden and T.Hikino, `Staying behind, stumbling back, sneaking up, soaring ahead: late
industrialization in historical perspective', in W.J. Baumol etal., Convergence of Productivity:
Cross-national Studies and Historical Evidence (1994) [SL 338.06 CON]
A H Amsden, The Rise of the Rest: Challenges to the West from Late Industrialising Economies (2001)
338.091724 AMS
C Lane, Industry and Society in Europe (1995)
K Yamamura, The End of Diversity? Prospects for German and Japanese Capitalism (2003)
M H Best, The New Competitive Advantage: the Renewal of American Industry (2001)
A.H. Amsden, Asia's Next Giant: South Korea and Late Industrialization (1989) [338.095195 AMS]
W.W. Rostow, Stages of Economic Growth (CUP, 1960) [SL 338.09 ROS]
R. Sylla and G. Toniolo, Patterns of European Industrialisation: the Nineteenth Century (Routledge,
1991) [SL 338.094 PAT]
J-S. Shin, The Economics of the Latecomers (Routledge, 1996) [SL 338.06 SHI]
H. Mihci, `Typologies of Industrialization in Historical Perspective’, Journal of European Economic
History 27, 3 (Winter 1998): 557-575.
W. Mark Fruin, The Japanese Enterprise System (1993) [SL 338.740952 FRU]
E. Abe and R. Fitzgerald, eds., The Origins of Japanese Indsutrial Power (1995) [SL 338.0952 ORI]
C. Trebilcock, The Industrialisation of the Continental Powers, 1780-1914, (1981) [330.94028 TRE]
C. Lane, Industry and Society in Europe: Stability and change in Britain, Germany, and France, (1995)
[ 338.094 LAN]
C. Randlesome, Business Cultures in Europe, 2nd edn., (1993) [SL 338.750091714 BUS]
A.D. Chandler, (ed.), Big Business and the Wealth of Nations, (1998) [338.88 BIG]
C. Lane, Management and Labour in Europe (1989) [338.7 LAN]
C Trebilcock, ‘Historical models of growth’, in The industrialization of the continental powers (1981),
ch.1
B Dornseifer and J Kocka, ‘The Impact of the Preindustrial Heritage: Reconsiderations on the German
Pattern of Corporate Development in the Late 19th and Early 20th Centuries, Industrial and Corporate
Change, vol 2 (1993)
M F Gullen, Modes of Management (??), 338.75 GUL
P J Buckley, Changing Context of International Business (2003), 338.88 BUC
P A Hall and D W Soskice, eds., Varieties of Capitalism: the Institutional Foundations of Competitive
Advantage (2001)
D.J.Forsyth and D.Verdlier, The Origins of National Financial Systems (2002)
C Crouch, Political Economy of Competing Capitalisms (1997)
W Pascha, Systematic Changes in the German and Japanese Economies (2004)
R Smith, China’s Business Reforms: Institutional Challenges in the Globalized Economy (2005)
D Sutherland, China’s Large Enterprises and the Challenge of Late Industrialisation (2005)
J T Li, et. al., Management and Organizations in the Chinese Context (2000) 338.7500951
K Yamamura, The End of Diversity? Prospects for German and Japanese Capitalism (2003)
M H Best, The New Competitive Advantage: the Renewal of American Industry (2001)
W Pascha, Systematic Changes in the German and Japanese Economies (2004)
A M Rugman and G Boyd, Alliance Capitalism for the New American Economy (2003)
I.T.Berend, An Economic History of Twentieth Century Europe (2006)
A.S.Tsui, et al, China’s Domestic Private Firms (2006)
L.A.Winters and S.Yusuf, Dancing with Giants: China, India and the Global Economy (2007)
G.Hamilton, Chinese Capitalism? (2004)
T.Ingami and D.H.Whittaker, The New Community Firm: employment, governance and management
reform in Japan (2005)
A.Fermer, et al., Multinationals, Institutions and the Construction of Transnational Practices (2006)
R.Whitley, Competing Capitalisms (2002)
C.I.Koen, Comparative International Management (2005).
K and W Hopper, The Puritan Gift: Reclaiming the American Dream Amidst Financial Chaos (2009)
K and W Hopper, The Puritan Gift: Triumph, Collapse and Revival of an American Dream (2008)
23
National Competitiveness and the Porter Thesis
Rajah Rasiah, Yuri Sadoi, and Rogier Busser, eds, Multinationals, Technology and Localization in
Automotive Firms in Asia (2008)
M E Porter, The Competitive Advantage of Nations (1990)
Lane, C. and Probert, J., National Capitalisms, Global Production Networks: Fashioning the Value Chain
in the UK, USA and Germany (2009)
R Bottiglia, et al, Consolidation in the European financial industry (2010)
P Hagarian, Innovation and changes in Japanese management (2010)
M Geppert, D Matten, and K Williams, eds, Challenges for European management in a global context:
experiences from Britain and Germany (2002)
FL Cooke, Competition, strategy and management in China (2008)
DH Whittaker and S Deaton, Corporate governance and management reform in Japan (2009)
B Alperman, China’s cotton industry (2010)
D Madar, Big steel: technology, trade and survival in a global market (2009)
G S de Surie, Knowledge, organisational evolution and management creation: the globalisation of Indian
firms from steel to software (2008)
P Sun, Chinese steel industry (2007)
S Cooney, US automotive industry and recent history (2007)
M Freyssenet et al, Globalisation or regionalisation of the European car industry? (2003)
M Freyssenet et al, Globalisation or regionalisation of the American and Asian car industry? (2003)
J Andera, Driving under the influence: strategic trade policy and management integration in the
European car industry (2007)
A Aamidor and T Evanoff, At the crossroads: middle American and the battle to save the car industry
(2010)
D Coffey, Myth of Japanese efficiency: the world car industry in a globalising age (2006)
H G Schroter, Americanisation of the European economy (2005)
W Hausman, P Hertner and M Wilkins, Global electrification: multinational enterprise and international
finance (2008)
H G Schroter, The European enterprise (2008)
A D Chandler, Shaping the industrial century: the remarkable story of the evolution of the modern
chemical and pharmaceutical industries (2005)
M G Blackford, The Rise of Modern Business: Great Britain, the US, Germany, Japan and China (2008)
R Coopey and P Lyth, eds, Business in Britain in the Twentieth Century (2009)
P.Krugman, ‘Competitiveness: A Dangerous Obsession’, Foreign Affairs, March-April 1994, pp.28-44,
and ‘Proving My Point’, Foreign Affairs, July-August 1994, pp.198-203. Reprinted in P.Krugman, Pop
Internationalism (MIT Press, 1996), pp.3-33. [382 KRU]
Morgan, G., Whitley, R. and Moen, E. (eds), Changing Capitalisms?: Internationalisation, Institutional
Change and Systems of Economic Organization (2005)
M Carney et al, Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 2009, vol 26, 3
I Alon, et al, China Rules: Globalisation and Political Transformation (2009)
J Mikler, Greening the car industry: varieties of capitalism and climate change, 2009
B Amable, The Diversity of Modern Capitalism (2003)
D G McKendrick et. al., From Silicon Valley to Singapore (2000)
R.Fitzgerald (ed.), The Competitive Advantages of Far Eastern Business (1994). See Asia Pacific
Business Review [1994]
A.Fermer, et al., Multinationals, Institutions and the Construction of Transnational Practices (2006)
R.Whitley, Competing Capitalisms (2002)
M E Porter, ‘The Competitive Advantages of Far Eastern Business: A Response’, Journal of Far Eastern
Business, vol.1 (1994)
P Dicken, Global Shift: the Internationalisation of Economic Activity (2003)
C Lane, Industry and Society in Europe (1995)
K Yamamura, The End of Diversity? Prospects for German and Japanese Capitalism (2003)
24
M H Best, The New Competitive Advantage: the Renewal of American Industry (2001)
W Pascha, Systematic Changes in the German and Japanese Economies (2004)
B Kogut (ed.), Country Competitiveness: Technology and the Organizing of Work (1993) [338.06 KOG]
M E Porter, On Competition (1998) [338.6048 POR]
W Lazonick, ‘Industry Clusters versus Global Webs: Organizational Capabilities in the American
Economy’, Industrial and Corporate Change, 1994, pp.1-11.
R Reich, The Work of Nations (1991)
A D Chandler (ed.), The Dynamic Firm: the Role of Technology, Strategy, Organization and Regions
(1998) [338.7 DYN]
P Krugman, Geography and Trade (1991) [338.6042 KRU]
A Saxenian, Regional Advantage: Culture and Competition in the Silicon Valley and Route 128 (1994)
[338.4762 SAX]
P Dicken, Global Shift (2003) 338.9 DIC
P Hirst and G Thompson, Globalization in Question (1996) [339 HIR]
K Ohmae, The End of the Nation State (1996) [339 OHM]
K Ohmae, Borderless World (1990) [339 OHM]
L D Tyson, Who’s Bashing Whom? Trade Conflict in High Technology Industries (1992)
D C Mowery and R R Nelson, eds, Sources of Industrial Leadership: Studies of Seven Industries (1999)
[338.755 SOU]
P A Hall and D W Soskice, eds., Varieties of Capitalism: the Institutional Foundations of Competitive
Advantage (2001)
T.Ingami and D.H.Whittaker, The New Community Firm: employment, governance and management
reform in Japan (2005)
C Crouch, Political Economy of Competing Capitalisms (1997)
K Tsai and S Pekkanen, Japan and China in the World Political Economy (2005)
D Dirks, Japanese Multinationals in the Low Growth Era (2004) 338.7500952
J T Li, et. al., Management and Organizations in the Chinese Context (2000) 338.7500951
J Crystal, Unwanted Company: foreign investment in American industries (2003)
W.Streeck and K.Yamamura, The origins of non-liberal capitalism : Germany and Japan in comparison
(2001)
A.O.Hopkins, Globalization in World History (2002)
C.I.Koen, Comparative International Management (2005)
Multinational Enterprise and National Competitiveness
T H Khir and J M Rubenstein, Who really made your car? Restructuring and geographic change in the
automobile industry (2008)
D Madar, Big steel: technology, trade and survival in a global market (2009)
G S de Surie, Knowledge, organisational evolution and management creation: the globalisation of Indian
firms from steel to software (2008)
P J Buckley, Foreign direct investment, China and the world economy (2010)
M Freyssenet et al, Globalisation or regionalisation of the European car industry? (2003)
M Freyssenet et al, Globalisation or regionalisation of the American and Asian car industry? (2003)
J Andera, Driving under the influence: strategic trade policy and management integration in the
European car industry (2007)
J A Mathews, Dragon Multinational (2002)
H G Schroter, Americanisation of the European economy (2005)
W Hausman, P Hertner and M Wilkins, Global electrification: multinational enterprise and international
finance (2008)
H G Schroter, The European enterprise (2008)
A D Chandler, Shaping the industrial century: the remarkable story of the evolution of the modern
chemical and pharmaceutical industries (2005)
Bartlett, C. and Ghoshal, S., Transnational Management: Text, Cases and Readings in Cross-Border
Management (2008)
25
Kristensen, P.H. and Zeitlin, J., Local Players in Global Games: The Strategic Constitution of a
Multinational Corporation (2005)
Morgan, G., Kristensen, P.H. and Whitley, R. (eds), The Multinational Firm: Organizing
Across Institutional and National Divides (2001)
Morgan, G., Whitley, R. and Moen, E. (eds), Changing Capitalisms?: Internationalisation, Institutional
Change and Systems of Economic Organization (2005)
I Alon, et al, China Rules: Globalisation and Political Transformation (2009)
A Rugman et al, Multinational Business Review, vol.18, no.2, 2010
P Nolan and J Zhang, Global Competition after the Financial Crisis, New Left Review, 64, July-Aug 2010
S Urata, C S Yue, and F Kimura, eds, Foreign Direct Investment, Corporate Strategies and National
Economic Development (2006)
J Dunning, Global Capitalism at Bay (2007)
Y Sun, M von Zedtwitz, D F Simon, Global R&D in China (2007)
Rajah Rasiah, Yuri Sadoi, and Rogier Busser, eds, Multinationals, Technology and Localization in
Automotive Firms in Asia (2008)
R Grosse, International Business and Government Relations in the 21 st Century (2005)
Ravi Ramamurti and Jitendra V. Singh, eds, Emerging Multinationals in Emerging Markets (2009)
Steven Brakman, Harry Garretsen, Charles Van Marrewijk, and Arjen Van Witteloostuijn, Nations and
Firms in the Global Economy (2009)
JH Dunning and SM Lundan, Multinational Enterprises and the Global Economy (2008)
R Grosse, International Business and Government Relations in the 21 st Century (2005)
R Farrell, Japanese Investment in the World Economy (2008)
K P Sauvant, Rise of Transnational Corporations from Emerging Markets (2008)
R Paprzycki, Foreign direct investment in Japan : multinationals’ role in growth and globalization
(2008)
J J Palacios, Multinational corporations and the emerging network economy in Asia and the Pacific
(2005)
J C Jain, Emerging Economies and the Transformation of International Business (2006)
P.Dicken, Global Shift: the Internationalisation of Economic Activity (2003) 338.09 DIC
T Kono and S Clegg, Trends in Japanese Management (2001) 338.7500952 KON
Morgan, G., Whitley, R. and Moen, E. (eds), Changing Capitalisms?: Internationalisation, Institutional
Change and Systems of Economic Organization (2005)
J Child, Management in China during the Age of Reform (1994)
A.O.Hopkins, Globalization in World History (2002)
J Child and Y Lu, eds, Management Issues in China: International Enterprises (1996) 338.7500951
MAN
H.G.Schroter, Americanization of the World Economy (2005)
R.Grosse, International Business and Government Relations in the 21st Century (2005)
M.Geppert and M.Mayer, Global, National and Local Practices in Multinational Companies (2006)
M.Geppert, et al, Challenges for European Management in a Global Context: Experiences from Britain
and Germany (2002)
E.Jones, Record of Global Economic Development (2002)
A.G.Hopkins, Global History (2003)
M.L.Djelic, Exporting the American Model (1998)
M.L.Djelic and S.Quack, Globalization and institutions : redefining the rules of the economic game
(2003)
J Gray, False Dawn: the Delusions of Global Capitalism (1999)
R Brown, Chinese Big Business and the Wealth of Nations (2000) 338.88 BRQ
Y Luo, Multinational Corporations in China (2000)
J Dunning and R Narula, Multinationals and Industrial Competitiveness (2004)
K Ando, Japanese Multinationals in Europe (2004)
J Dunning, ‘The role of foreign direct investment in upgrading China’s competitiveness’, Journal of
International Business and Economy, 2003.
26
UNCTAD, World Investment Report, 2004.
G Jones, Multinationals and Global Capitalism (2005)
K Yamamura, The End of Diversity? Prospects for German and Japanese Capitalism (2003)
M H Best, The New Competitive Advantage: the Renewal of American Industry (2001)
W Pascha, Systematic Changes in the German and Japanese Economies (2004)
K Tsai and S Pekkanen, Japan and China in the World Political Economy (2005)
D J Encarnation, Japanese Multinationals in Asia (1999)
A Girond, et. al., Multinationals in Asia (2005)
C Brewster, W Mayrhofer, & M Morley, eds, New Challenges for European Human Resource
Management (2000) 338.753 NEW
J R Saul, The Collapse of Globalization (2005)
R Smith, China’s Business Reforms: Institutional Challenges in the Globalized Economy (2005)
D Rosen, Behind the Open Door: Foreign Enterprises in the Chinese Market Place (1998)
A M Rugman, The Regional Multinationals (2005)
G Jones and L Galvez Munoz, eds, Foreign Multinationals in the United States (2001)
P W Beamish, et. al., Japanese Subsidiaries in the New Global Economy (2001)
J A Mathews, Dragon Multinational (2002)
A M Rugman and J R D’Cruz, Multinationals as Flagship Firms (2000)
A M Rugman, The End of Globalization (2000)
K Ohmae, The End of the Nation State (1996) [339 OHM]
A M Rugman and R M Hodgetts, International Business (2003)
D Rosen, Behind the Open Door: Foreign Multinationals in the Chinese Marketplace (1998) 338.88 ROS
P Nolan, China and the Global Business Revolution (2001) 338.0951 NOL
P Nolan, China and the Global Economy (2001) 338.0951 NOL
J E Stiglitz, Globalization and its Discontents (2001)
A M Rugman and T L Brewer, eds, Oxford Handbook of International Business (2001)
J Wilson and A Popp, Industrial Clusters and Regional Business Networks in England (2003)
M Perry, Business Clusters: and international perspective (2005)
R Koepp, Clusters of Creativity (2002)
T Bresnahan and A Gambardella, Building High Tech Clusters (2005)
J Crystal, Unwanted Company: foreign investment in American industries (2003)
A M Rugman and G Boyd, Alliance Capitalism for the New American Economy (2003)
B Amable, The Diversity of Modern Capitalism (2003)
Y Zhang, China’s Emerging Global Business (2003)
H Horaguchi and K Shimokawa, Japanese Foreign Direct Investment and the East Asia Industrial
System (2002)
D.van den Buicke, et al, European Direct Investment in China (2003)
C.I.Koen, Comparative International Management (2005)
J P Larcon, Chinese Multinationals (2008)
The State and National Competitiveness
J Andera, Driving under the influence: strategic trade policy and management integration in the
European car industry (2007)
M Carney et al, Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 2009, vol 26, 3
I Alon, et al, China Rules: Globalisation and Political Transformation (2009)
R Coopey and P Lyth, eds, Business in Britain in the Twentieth Century (2009)
P A Buiges, Industrial Policy in Europe, Japan and the USA (2009)
J Dunning, Global Capitalism at Bay (2007)
R Grosse, International Business and Government Relations in the 21st Century (2005)
Steven Brakman, Harry Garretsen, Charles Van Marrewijk, and Arjen Van Witteloostuijn, Nations and
Firms in the Global Economy (2009)
R Grosse, International Business and Government Relations in the 21st Century (2005)
K P Sauvant, Rise of Transnational Corporations from Emerging Markets (2008)
27
S C Jain, Emerging Economies and the Transformation of International Business (2006)
R Dore, Stock market capitalism: welfare capitalism: Japan and Germany versus the Anglo-Saxons
(2000) [330.122 DOR]
W Pascha, Systematic Changes in the German and Japanese Economies (2004)
G Owen, From Empire to Europe: the decline and revival of British industry since the second world war
(1999) 338.0942 OWE
P. Dicken, Global Shift: Transforming the World Economy (2003) [SL 338.09 DIC]
C Lane, Industry and Society in Europe (1995)
A.G.Hopkins, Global History (2003)
A M Rugman and J R D’Cruz, Multinationals as Flagship Firms (2000)
K Yamamura, The End of Diversity? Prospects for German and Japanese Capitalism (2003)
M H Best, The New Competitive Advantage: the Renewal of American Industry (2001)
P. Hirst and G. Thompson, Globalization in Question (Polity, 1996) [SL 339 HIR]
J. Stopford and S. Strange, Rival States, Rival Firms: Competition for World Market Shares (1991)
[338.88 STO]
C. Johnson (ed.), The Industrial Policy Debate (1984) [338.0973 IND]
R. Boyer and D. Drache (eds.) States Against Markets: the limits of globalization (1996) [SL 339 STA]
M. Baldassari, Industrial Policy in Italy, 1945-1990 (1993) [338.945 IND]
C. Randlesome, Business Cultures in Europe (1990) [SL 338.750091714 BUS]
C. Johnson, MITI and the Japanese Miracle: The Growth of Industrial Policy 1925-75 (1982) [338.952
JOH]
D. Coates, Industrial Policy in Britain (1996) [338.942085 IND]
K. Ohmae, The End of the Nation State (1996) [SL 339 OHM]
R. Reich, The Work of Nations (1990) [SL 330.122 REI]
G. Jones and M.W. Kirby, (eds.), Competitiveness and the State (1991) [338.942 COM]
C. Lane, Management and Labour in Europe (1989) [338.7 LAN]
W. Ashworth, The State in Business: 1945 to the mid-1980s (1991) [338.942 ASH]
D.B. Audretsch, The Market and the State (1989) [338.91 AUD]
J. Foreman-Peck and G. Federico, European Industrial Policy (1999) [338.94 EUR]
L C Thomas, Implicit Industrial Policy: the Triumph of Britain and the Failure of France in Global
Pharmaceuticals’, Industrial and Corporate Change, vol 3 (1994)
D C Mowery and R R Nelson, eds, Sources of Industrial Leadership: Studies of Seven Industries (1999)
[338.755 SOU]
D H Brown and R Porter, Management Issues in China: Domestic Enterprises (1996) 338.7500951
J Child and Y Lu, eds, Management Issues in China: International Enterprises (1996) 338.7500951
MAN
P A Hall and D W Soskice, eds., Varieties of Capitalism: the Institutional Foundations of Competitive
Advantage (2001)
C Crouch, Political Economy of Competing Capitalisms (1997)
H Miyajima, T Kikkawa and T Hikino, eds, Policies for Competitiveness: Comparing
Business-Government Relationships in the Golden Age of Capitalism (19??)
E Medalla, Competition Policy in the East Asia Pacific Region (2005)
K Tsai and S Pekkanen, Japan and China in the World Political Economy (2005)
A.D. Chandler, (ed.), Big Business and the Wealth of Nations, (1998) [338.88 BIG]
R Smith, China’s Business Reforms: Institutional Challenges in the Globalized Economy (2005)
T.Ingami and D.H.Whittaker, The New Community Firm: employment, governance and management
reform in Japan (2005)
A M Rugman and R M Hodgetts, International Business (2003)
R.Sylla and R.Tilly, The State, the Financial System and Economic Modernization (1999)
L Liu, China’s Industrial Policy and the Global Business Revolution (2005)
A M Rugman and T L Brewer, eds, Oxford Handbook of International Business (2001)
J Crystal, Unwanted Company: foreign investment in American industries (2003)
I.T.Berend, An Economic History of Twentieth Century Europe (2006)
28
K W Radtke and M Wiesbron, Competing for Integration: Japan, Europe, Latin America and their
Strategic Partners (2002)
National Culture and Business Systems
G F Cavanagh, American Business Values (2010)
H G Schroter, Americanisation of the European economy (2005)
H G Schroter, The European enterprise (2008)
M G Blackford, The Rise of Modern Business: Great Britain, the US, Germany, Japan and China (2008)
R Coopey and P Lyth, eds, Business in Britain in the Twentieth Century (2009)
E H Kessler, Cultural Mythology and Global Leadership (2009)
K and W Hopper, The Puritan Gift: Reclaiming the American Dream Amidst Financial Chaos (2009)
K and W Hopper, The Puritan Gift: Triumph, Collapse and Revival of an American Dream (2008)
Moore, F., Transnational Business Cultures: Life and Work in a Multinational Corporation (2005)
Trompenaars, A. and Hampden-Turner, C., Riding the Waves of Culture: Understanding Cultural
Diversity in Business (1997)
M.Lewis, R.Fitzgerald and C.Harvey, The Growth of Nations: Culture, Competitiveness and the
Problem of Globalization (1996) [SL 338.9 LEW]
M J Gannon, Understanding Global Cultures (2003)
E.Jones, Record of Global Economic Development (2002)
E T Gomez and H M M Hsiao, Chinese Enterprise, Transnationalism, and Identity (2004)
P Dicken, Global Shift: the Internationalisation of Economic Activity (2003)
M.Weber, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (1996 edn.) [301.015 WEB]
H.G.Schroter, Americanization of the World Economy (2005)
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A.D. Chandler, (ed.), Big Business and the Wealth of Nations (1998) [338.88 BIG]
R Smith, China’s Business Reforms: Institutional Challenges in the Globalized Economy (2005)
J T Li, et. al., Management and Organizations in the Chinese Context (2000) 338.7500951
T Clarke, ed., International Corporate Governance (2004)
J Chen, Corporate Governance in China (2005)
Y Wei, Comparative Corporate Governance: a Chinese perspective (2004)
C A Mallin, Corporate Governance (2004)
E T Gomez and H M M Hsiao, Chinese Enterprise, Transnationalism, and Identity (2004)
K Kugler, Corporate Governance and Economic Performance (2001)
S Learmont, Corporate Governance: what can be learned from Japan? (2002)
J A McCahery, Corporate Governance Regimes (2002)
Y.Cassis, Capitals of Capital (2006)
A.M.Taylor, Global Capital Markets (2005)
D.J.Forsyth and D.Verdlier, The Origins of National Financial Systems (2002)
R.Sylla and R.Tilly, The State, the Financial System and Economic Modernization (1999)
G.de Brouwer, Financial Markets and Policies in East Asia (2001)
N.B. This course outline will be valuable for obtaining exemptions for postgraduate qualifications, or
further training with employers, e.g. CIMA. Please keep all course outlines safe for this purpose; as with
transcripts an administrative fee will be charged for providing additional copies once you have completed
your degree. You will find copies of all course outlines for this year and past exam papers, together with
other useful documents on the Internet.
The web site address is: http://www.ms.rhbnc.ac.uk/courses/index.htm
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