From Compromise to Conflict The Crisis Unfolds SSUSH8 The student will explain the relationship between growing north-south divisions and westward expansion. a. Explain how slavery became a significant issue in American politics; include the slave rebellion of Nat Turner and the rise of abolitionism (William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass, and the Grimke sisters). b. Explain the Missouri Compromise and the issue of slavery in western states and territories. c. Describe the Nullification Crisis and the emergence of states’ rights ideology; include the role of John C. Calhoun and development of sectionalism. d. Describe the war with Mexico and the Wilmot Proviso. e. Explain how the Compromise of 1850 arose out of territorial expansion and population growth. SSUSH9 The student will identify key events, issues, and individuals relating to the causes, course, and consequences of the Civil War. a. Explain the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the failure of popular sovereignty, Dred Scott case, and John Brown’s Raid. f. Explain the importance of the growing economic disparity between the North and the South through an examination of population, functioning railroads, and industrial output. Students will assume the roles of Northerners and Southerners and attempt to reach compromises on three of the issues that led to the Civil War. Sitting in groups, representing your region, you will listen to a series of recordings and examine images that give you the background information on the conflict that led to the: 1. Compromise of 1850 2. Dred Scott Case 3. Growing Sectionalism 4. Crisis of Secession After learning about each topic, fill out the following DRC with the appropriate information. You will use this information to help you argue your case for your region. Once we have come to a compromise on each issue, you will listen to another recording that we explain how each situation was really handled. What were the ultimate conflicts between the North and South that led the United States to go to war with itself? Slide/Topic Missouri Compromise Can you stop the Civil War? Issue # 1 How will slavery affect the well being of United States? Key Vocabulary Why or How did this topic increase For this Topic tensions between the North and South? Missouri Compromise 1. Free States 2. Slave States 3. 4. How can your side use this to help or aide your region in settling for compromise? 1. Gag Rule William Lloyd Garrison 2. Liberator 3. Illustrations of slavery 4. First-hand accounts of slavery 1. 2. Fredrick Douglass 3. Sojourner Truth Rise of abolitionism “Horrid Massacre” Nat Turner’s Slave Rebellion Grimke Sisters 4. Nat Turner 1. Nat Turner’s Rebellion 2. 3. 4. Slide/Topic Key Vocabulary For this Topic Why or How did this topic increase tensions between the North and South? Harriet Tubman 1. Underground Railroad 2. Fugitive Slave law 3. How can your side use this to help or aide your region in settling for compromise? Runaway Slaves 4. Map of U.S. 1848 1. War with Mexico 2. Annexation 3. Wilmot Proviso 4. War with Mexico Stop… Time to take this information and Compromise It is 1850. Congress is in an uproar over California and slavery. You will need all your skills as a compromiser to settle this conflict and keep the union from flying apart… Your Compromise… it should address the following questions 1. Should California be admitted to the Union as a free state? 2. What stand, if any, should Congress take on the future of slavery in New Mexico and Utah territories? 3. What, if anything, should be done about slavery in Washington D.C.? 4. Should Congress pass a strong new fugitive slave law? The North’s Starting Position… How do you propose to fix this issue The South’s Starting Position… How do you propose to fix this issue Your Compromise: The Compromise of 1850 Once your groups (regions) have decided how they want to address each issue, the two regions must come together and hash out their differences and create a Compromise to prevent a Civil War…. Good Luck Justification with Key Vocabulary Using @ least two pieces of key vocab from this Issue, justify why your group decided to write your compromise as you did 1. Should California be admitted to the Union as a free state? 1. 2. What stand, if any, should Congress take on the future of slavery in New Mexico and Utah territories? 2. 3. What, if anything, should be done about slavery in Washington D.C.? 3. 4. Should Congress pass a strong new fugitive slave law? 4. What Really Happened… Compromise of 1850 1. 2. 3. 4. Issue #2 After the Compromise of 1850, what factors prove to bring out the true feelings of the U.S. in regards to slavery? Slide/Topic Key Vocabulary For this Topic Why or How did this topic increase tensions between the North and South? 1. Fugitive Slave Law 2. Slave Hunters 3. Poster warning Colored People 1. Harriet Beecher Stowe Uncle Tom’s Cabin 2. Cover of Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1. Stephen A. Douglas Popular Sovereignty 2. Kansas – Nebraska Act Map of U.S. 1854 How can your side use this to help or aide your region in settling for compromise? 1. John Brown Bleeding Kansas 2. “Bleeding Kansas” 1. Senator Charles Sumner 2. Representative Preston Brooks 3. Beating of Charles Sumner by Preston Brooks 4. 1. Dred Scott 2. Chief Justice Roger Taney 3. Dred Scot Stop… Time to take all information into account and make a decision After the Compromise of 1850, what factors prove to bring out the true feelings of the U.S. in regards to slavery? The Supreme Court is considering the case of Dred Scott, a slave who is suing for his freedom. Consider the arguments on each question in this difficult case. Then assume the role of Chief Justice Roger Taney and make a decision on this issue that you can all live with. (Take into account all information discussed in this section… all the feelings, attitudes, events, civil and government violence… your decision on slavery in this case could hold the country together or tear it apart) Your Decision… Questions for you to consider 1. Was Dred Scott, a black man and a slave, a citizen of the US with the right to bring a case in a federal court? 2. Did his time in Wisconsin make him a free man? 3. Does Congress have the power under the Constitution to make any laws concerning slavery in the territories? The North’s Starting Position… How do you propose to fix this issue The South’s Starting Position… How do you propose to fix this issue Your Decision… The Dred Scott Ruling Justification with the use of Key Vocabulary 1. Was Dred Scott, a black man and a slave, a citizen of the US with the right to bring a case in a federal court? 1. 2. Did his time in Wisconsin make him a free man? 2. 3. Does Congress have the power under the Constitution to make any laws concerning slavery in the territories? 3. What Really Happened… The Dred Scott Decision 1. 2. 3. Slide/Topic Issue # 3 How did differences between the North and South lead to growing sectionalism? Key Vocabulary Why or How did this topic increase How can your side use this to help or For this Topic tensions between the North and South? aide your region in settling for compromise? Nullification 1. Crisis Tariffs of 1828, 1832 2. John C. Calhoun Nullification Crisis States’ Rights ideology 3. Sectionalism 4. Secession Economic Disparity 1. Railroads 2. Industrial Output 3. Population 4. Economic Disparity between the North and South Stop… Time to take this information and Compromise In the decades leading up to 1860, the North and the South are frequently at odds over their differences. The slave states are talking about secession (leaving the Union). Your job is to find some compromise that will prevent civil war. Your Compromise… it should address the following questions 1. What should be done about the tariff situation? 2. How should the government address the disagreement about nullification? Should states have that right? 3. How should the federal government deal with John C. Calhoun and South Carolina? 4. How should the government deal with the economic disparity between the North and the South? The North’s Starting Position… How do you propose to fix this issue The South’s Starting Position… How do you propose to fix this issue Your Compromise: Secession Once your groups (regions) have decided how they want to address each issue, the two regions must come together and hash out their differences and create a Compromise to prevent a Civil War…. Good Luck Justification with Key Vocabulary Your groups “Justification” of your compromise using @ least two pieces of key vocab from this section. 1. What should be done about the tariff disagreement? 1. 2. How should the federal government address the disagreement about nullification? Should states have that right? 2. 3. How should the government deal with John C. Calhoun and South Carolina? 3. 4. How should the government deal with economic disparity between the North and South? 4. What Really Happened… Nullification Crisis and Sectionalism Issue # 4 How did the formation of the Republican Party and the Election of Abraham Lincoln, as President, ultimately cause the split of the Union (US)? Slide/Topic Key Vocabulary Why or How did this topic increase How can your side use this to help or For this Topic tensions between the North and South? aide your region in settling for compromise? 1. Republican Party Lincoln’s 2. “House Divided” Speech Lincoln-Douglas 3. Debates Abe Lincoln 4. Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas Slide/Topic Stephen Douglas SFI For this Topic Why or How did this topic increase tensions between the North and South? 1. John Brown John Brown’s Raid 2. John Brown “Harpers Ferry, Virginia” How can your side use this to help or aide your region in settling for compromise? 1. 2. Secession 3. Presidential Election of 1860 1. Fort Sumter 2. The Bombardment of Fort Sumter Stop… Time to take this information and Compromise It is the end of 1860. Lincoln has just been elected president. The slave states are talking about secession (leaving the Union). Your job is to find some compromise on slavery that will prevent civil war. Your Compromise… it should address the following questions 1. What should be done about slavery where it already exists? 2. What should be done about slavery in the territories? 3. What should be done about fugitive slaves? 4. What should the federal government do if a state decides to secede? The North’s Starting Position… How do you propose to fix this issue The South’s Starting Position… How do you propose to fix this issue Your Compromise: Secession Once your groups (regions) have decided how they want to address each issue, the two regions must come together and hash out their differences and create a Compromise to prevent a Civil War…. Good Luck Justification with Key Vocabulary Your groups “Justification” of your compromise using @ least two pieces of Key vocabulary from this section. 1. What should be done about slavery where it already exists? 1. 2. What should be done about slavery in the territories? 2. 3. What should be done about fugitive slaves? 3. 4. What should the federal government do if a state decides to secede? 4. What Really Happened… Secession Here we GO… The Fighting Begins! Starting Points for the North: Cheat Sheet Use the information provided to assist you and your region in formulating a peaceful resolution to the problems that lie ahead for the US. In no way should you allow the South to see your ideas, feelings or attitudes on these issues until revealed to them in your compromise sessions. Remember, though for are pushing your agenda, you must reach some sort of compromise in order to get the Union together. Can you Stop the Civil War? The Compromise of 1850 Supports statehood of California as a free state Demands an end to slavery and slave trade in Washington D.C. Wants to ban slavery in New Mexico and Utah territories Opposes any fugitive slave law that would endanger runaways The Dred Scott Case The Constitution does not limit citizenship to white people By taking Scott to free territory, his owner gave up his rights to treat Scott like a slave Congress can make laws banning slavery in territories Sectionalism States do not have the right to nullify an act of Congress, the Constitution does not allow for this (Supremacy Clause) Tariffs support the national economy, which benefits all Americans John C. Calhoun and other states’ rights advocates just want to protect slavery; they should not be allowed to secede from the union. Secession Slavery is immoral and must not be allowed to expand Secession is illegal. Once a state, always a state The Union must be preserved; we will fight to keep it together Starting Points for the South: Cheat Sheet Use the information provided to assist you and your region in formulating a peaceful resolution to the problems that lie ahead for the US. In no way should you allow the North to see your ideas, feelings or attitudes on these issues until revealed to them in your compromise sessions. Remember, though for are pushing your agenda, you must reach some sort of compromise in order to get the Union together. Can you Stop the Civil War? The Compromise of 1850 Opposes letting free states gain a majority in the Senate (maintain sectional balance); are hesitant to allow California admission to the Union unless other territories or states are open to slavery Believes slavery must be allowed to expand into Utah and New Mexico Believes Congress has no power to meddle with slavery wherever it already exist Demands a strong fugitive slave law to help track down runaways Scott was born a slave, not a citizen; has no right to sue Scott returned to Missouri as a slave and should continue to be treated as a slave under Missouri law Under the Constitution, Congress cannot make laws that deny people the use of their property (including slaves) anywhere Sectionalism States should have the right to nullify an act of Congress they deem unconstitutional or unfair. (10th amendment; reserved powers) Tariffs should not be passed that favor one region but hurt another. States’ rights are about protecting our rights against a national government that seeks too much power. Slavery is moral and must be allowed to expand A state comes into the Union on its own free choice and may leave whenever it chooses The south and its way of life must be preserved; we will secede if our rights are threatened The Dred Scott Case Secession