NEED GAP:
The need gap is that the home marketed is Saturated and the capacity to fulfill this market
is complete. Hence now we need to look for a perfect location and an international
market where the need is for a retailer with mid price quality garments. Hence the
locations that we are looking at are:
Malaysia
Srilanka
East Africa
Central africa
PEST ANALYSIS OF SRI LANKA
Political
1. Form and type of govt.: Republic
Takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic,
whereby the President of Sri Lanka is both head of state and head of government, and
of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative
power is vested in both the government and parliament. Since decennia the party
system is dominated by the socialist Sri Lanka Freedom Party and the conservative
United National Party. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the
legislature. The Politics of Sri Lanka reflect the historical and political differences
between the two main ethnic groups, the majority Sinhala and the minority Tamils,
who are concentrated in the north and east of the island.
2. Foreign and Trade policies
Sri Lanka opened its borders to allow free trade, dismantled price control,
eliminated import tariffs and, in a broad sense, introduced an open economy.
Free Trade Zones and Export Processing Zones were set up offering many
concessions to foreign (and local) investors. The Board of Investment of Sri
Lanka (formerly known as the Greater Colombo Economic Commission) was set
up as a ‘One-Stop-Shop’ to assist foreign investors.The granting of licenses to
organizations situated outside the BOI Zones, but with all BOI facilities and
concessions
further
enhanced
the
investor-friendly
environment.
3. FDI structure
4. Treaties
Sri Lanka maintains good relationships with both Russia and United States at the same
time; showing how important Sri Lanka is to the welfare of South Asia and Indian Ocean.
Sri Lanka traditionally follows a nonaligned foreign policy; Sri Lanka now seeks to
strengthen its diplomatic, economic and military ties with China, Pakistan, India, Russia,
United States, Japan, Malaysia, Iran and European Union. Sri Lanka has also forged close
ties with the member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN),
African Union and Arab League. Sri Lanka has friendly relations with Bangladesh and
Myanmar. Though Sri Lanka continues to have a traditional military relationship with
Pakistan, China has emerged as Sri Lanka's largest military partner.
Sri Lanka participates in multilateral diplomacy, particularly at the United Nations, where
it seeks to promote sovereignty, independence, and development in the developing world.
Sri Lanka was a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM). It also is a
member of the Commonwealth, South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
(SAARC), World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF), Asian Development Bank
(ADB) and Colombo Plan. Sri Lanka continues its active participation in the NAM, while
also stressing the importance it places on regionalism by playing a strong role in SAARC.
Economic
A) Monetary policy
One of the core objectives of the Central Bank of Sri Lanka is economic and price
stability. The Central Bank formulates and implements its monetary policy, i.e. actions to
influence cost and availability of money, to attain this objective. The Monetary Law Act
(MLA), the legislation under which the Central Bank has been established and operates,
has provided a wide range of instruments for monetary management. At present, the
monetary policy framework of the country places greater reliance on market based policy
instruments and the use of market forces to achieve the desired objectives.
At present, monetary management in Sri Lanka is based on a monetary targeting
framework. In this framework, the final target, price stability, is to be achieved by
influencing changes in broad money supply which is linked to reserve money through a
multiplier. Reserve money is the operating target of monetary policy. The monetary
targeting framework is operated through a monetary programme.
The monetary programme is prepared by the Central Bank taking into account economic
factors such as the expected fiscal and balance of payments developments, economic
growth, desired levels of growth in credit and inflation. Based on these factors, the
monetary programme sets out the desired path for monetary growth and determines the
path of quarterly reserve money targets necessary to achieve this monetary growth. The
Bank would then conduct its Open Market Operations (OMO) within a corridor of
interest rates formed by its policy rates i.e. the repurchase rate and the reverse repurchase
rate, to achieve the reserve money target. Policy rates are periodically reviewed and
adjusted appropriately, if necessary, to bring the reserve money to the targeted path.
B) Trade policy
Sri Lanka began trade liberalization policies in the late 1970s, well ahead the rest of
South Asia. Since then Sri Lanka has operated a unified exchange rate under a "managed
float" system which became fully floated in January 2001. Sri Lanka’s trade integration,
measured by the trade-GDP ratio stood at 82 percent of GDP in 2004. While average
tariffs are low, tariff escalation has increased in recent years and effective protection to
agriculture remains high. Most QRs were removed in the 1980s and by the end of 1990s
only a few remained on selected agricultural and industrial commodities. However, these
were eventually removed in 1998 following a review by WTO.
Future trade agenda
With the abolition of the Multi-Fiber Agreement (MFA) since January 2005, Sri Lanka
faces additional challenges to remain competitive in the market place. Against this
backdrop, it will be important for Sri Lanka to further strengthen external sector policies
and address remaining "behind the border constraints" (e.g., infrastructure bottlenecks
and labor regulations).
In terms of trade policies, a competitive exchange rate will need to be maintained and
pressures to increase tariff protection will need to be resisted. It will also be important for
Sri Lanka to maintain a selective policy towards FTAs, following those completed with
India and Pakistan, given the substantial administrative costs associated these type of
arrangements. For instance, it would be desirable for Sri Lanka to actively pursue an FTA
with the US, Sri Lanka’s largest export market for garments. Since half of the garment
imports to the US occur under various preferential agreements, such an FTA would help
Sri Lanka compete in the post-MFA period.
1.
Banking structure
Sri lanka has more govt. owned banks as compare to the private banks. Here are the few
names of popular banks of Sri lanka
Nation trust bank sri lanka
National apprenticeship board sri lanka
National water board sri lanka
National development bank sri lanka
National savings bank sri lanka
Hatton national bank sri lanka
American express bank sri lanka
2. GDP
GDP (purchasing power parity):
$91.9 billion (2008 est.)
$86.7 billion (2007)
$81.18 billion (2006)
GDP - real growth rate:
6% (2008 est.)
6.8% (2007 est.)
7.7% (2006 est.)
GDP - per capita:
$4,300 (2008 est.)
$4,100 (2007 est.)
$3,900 (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 15.5%
industry: 27%
services: 57.5% (2008 est.)
Social
Literacy ratio
Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 90.7%
male: 92.3%
female: 89.1% (2007 census)
Sex ratio
Sex ratio: at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.88 male(s)/female
total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2008 est.)
Population: 21,128,772
Religions: Buddhist 69.1%, Muslim 7.6%, Hindu 7.1%, Christian 6.2%, unspecified 10%
(2001 census provisional data)
Urban population
Main cities :
Colombo (aggl.)
Colombo (capital)
3 700 000 people
850 000 people
Moratuwa
180 000 people
Jaffna
135 000 people
Kotte
115 000 people
Kandy
110 000 people
Technology
1. Infrastructure
Sri Lanka has a well-developed transport system, including a road network of
approximately 100,000 kilometers (62,140 miles). A rail network consisting of about
1,944 kilometers (1,208 miles) of tracks links Colombo with the rest of the country. Road
networks are under severe strain due to the rapid increase in the number of vehicles since
the 1980s. The number of registered vehicles nearly tripled from 478,000 in the mid1980s to 1.38 million in 2000, generating severe traffic congestion. With a rising number
of vehicles, and the need for a more efficient road network to facilitate the movements of
goods and services, the government is actively engaged in improving, rehabilitating, and
extending the existing network.
Sri Lanka has 14 airfields, the largest of which is the Katunayake International Airport,
the principal gateway to Sri Lanka. The country is serviced by 32 airlines, both domestic
and foreign, and the national carrier, SriLankan Airlines, handles about 56 percent of
international passengers to and from Sri Lanka. It has scheduled operations to 35
destinations in 26 countries covering Australia, the Indian subcontinent, the Far East,
Europe, and the Middle East. The Sri Lanka Ports Authority (SLPA) is responsible for
operating the ports. The SLPA operates 4 major ports in Colombo, Galle (in the south),
Trincomalee (in the east), and Kankasanturai (in the north). In addition, limited shipping
facilities are provided by the Ceylon Shipping Corporation and by several private sector
shipping companies. A major restructuring of the cargo handling facilities in Colombo
port is now taking place in conjunction with the British PNO company.
Hydropower is the major source of electricity, accounting for 66 percent of the nation's
electricity supply. One of the main sources of hydropower is the gigantic Mahaweli
Scheme, which has harnessed the flow of Sri Lanka's longest river in several stages. The
remainder is generated through thermal power (34 percent) and most recently, wind
power. Electricity generation and distribution has traditionally been a government
monopoly. However, the private sector has become much more involved in power
generation during the past decades.
Length of Roads
Main Roads
Paved Roads
Access to All-Season-Roads
Road Density - LAND
Rail Track Length
Total No. of Ports
Total turnaround time
Total No. of Airports
International
As of 2007
91,907
27,248
81
65
1422
1,640
3
3
1
Communication
Telecommunications is the fastest growing sector in the country. During the first half of
2000, the telecommunications sector grew by 11 percent. Sri Lanka Telecom Ltd. (SLT)
is the major supplier; its network provided 44,228 new telephone connections during the
first half of 2000, with total network subscriptions of 621,394. The demand for
telephones is growing much faster than supply: at the end of June 2000, there were
246,560 applicants on the waiting list. To meet rising demand the SLT is expanding its
capacity with assistance from international donors. In addition to the SLT subscriber
network, there are 4 cellular phone operators with a subscription of 307,027. Other
service providers include wireless local loop telephones (2 operators with 101,093
subscribers), data communication services such as Internet and e-mail (15 operators with
32,633 subscribers), and public phones (6 operators with 7,491 public phone booths)
Country Newspapers Radios
Sri Lanka
United
States
India
Bangladesh
TV
Sets
Cable
a
subscribers
Mobile
a
Phones
a
Fax
Machines
Personal
a
Computers
Internet
a
Hosts
b
Interne
Usersb
1996
1997
1998
1998
1998
1998
1998
1999
1999
29
209
92
0.0
9
N/A
4.1
0.52
65
215
2,146
847
244.3
256
78.4
458.6
1,508.77
74,100
N/A
121
69
18.8
1
0.2
2.7
0.18
2,800
9
50
6
N/A
1
N/A
N/A
0.00
Innovations
Mobitel (Pvt) Ltd recently introduced a new and improved range of banking facilities via
Short Messaging Services (SMS) to its subscribers banking with Sampath Bank. This
range of SMS related services allows subscribers the option to check balance inquiry
from multiple accounts, inquire the clearance status of cheques, access a mini statement
of their last five transactions, inform the bank of a cheque number they wish to stop
payment on, initiate transfer of funds between their own accounts, change their existing
passwords, and request alerts on the basis of account balance changes and credit card
transactions.
The range of SMS services provided in the package is substantail to Sampath Bank
customers utilising the Mobitel network..These facilities offer both security and
convenience through various methods in initiating or even stopping transactions while
also providing information regarding recent transactions. This aspect in banking thus
ensures subscribers an additional level of security.
Commenting on this new facility, Mobitel`s CEO Suren Amarasekera said that: ``This
service will greatly help Mobitel and Sampath Bank customers to improve their
productivity.` Among the services offered to their mutual customers is the ability to
access bank balance inquiries on multiple Sampath Bank accounts. Commenting further
Amarasekera said `It is our belief that this information will give our mutual customers a
advantage in receiving updates and thereby be able to better manage their financial
resources. It also provides customers additional security as they can check their accounts
at
PEST ANALYSIS OF MALAYSIA
POLITICAL
1. Form And Type Of Government: constitutional monarchy
In 1957 Selected from nine hereditary Sultans of the Malay states
2. ministerial hierarchy (separate ministers under each section)
Portfolio
Office Bearer
Party
Prime Minister of
Najib Tun Razak
Malaysia
Muhyiddin Yassin
Deputy Prime Minister of
Malaysia
UMNO
UMNO
Ministers in the Prime
Minister's Department
Koh Tsu
Koon (Senator)
Nazri Aziz
Nor Mohamed
Yakcop
Jamil Khir Baharom
(Senator)
GERAKAN
UMNO
UMNO
UMNO
Minister of Finance
Minister of Finance II
Najib Tun Razak
Ahmad Husni
UMNO
UMNO
Hanadzlah
Minister of Education
Muhyiddin Yassin
UMNO
Minister of Transport
Ong Tee Keat
MCA
Minister of Plantation
Industries and
Commodities
Bernard Dompok
UPKO
Minister of Home Affairs Hishammuddin Tun UMNO
Hussein
Minister of Infomation,
Communications and
Culture
Rais Yatim
UMNO
Minister of Energy, Green Peter Chin Fah Kui SUPP
Technology and Water
Minister of Rural and
Regional Development
Mohd Shafie Apdal UMNO
Minister of Higher
Education
Mohamed Khaled
Nordin
Minister of International
Trade and Industry
Mustapa Mohamed UMNO
Minister of Science,
Technology and
Innovation
Maximus Ongkili
UMNO
PBS
Minister of Natural
Resources and
Environment
Douglas Uggah
Embas
PBB
Minister of Tourism
Ng Yen Yen
MCA
Minister of Agriculture
and Agro-based Industry
Noh Omar
UMNO
Minister of Defence
Ahmad Zahid
Hamidi
UMNO
Minister of Works
Shaziman Abu
Mansor
UMNO
Minister of Health
Liow Tiong Lai
MCA
Minister of Youth and
Sports
Ahmad Shabery
Cheek
UMNO
Minister of Human
Resources
Subramaniam
Sathasivam
MIC
Minister of Domestic
Trade, Cooperative and
Consumerism
Ismail Sabri Yaakob UMNO
Minister of Housing and
Local Government
Kong Cho Ha
MCA
Minister of Women,
Family and Community
Shahrizat Abdul
UMNO
Development
Jalil (Senator)
Minister of Foreign
Affairs
Anifah Aman
UMNO
Minister of the Federal
Territories
Raja Nong Chik
Zainal
Abidin (Senator)
UMNO
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Malaysia
3. Axim policyForeign Policy




A markedly anti-Communist and pro-western posture with close links to the
Commonwealth under Tunku Abdul Rahman, our first Prime Minister, gave way
to one based on non-alignment, neutralization and peaceful co-existence.
Under Tun Abdul Razak, as a member of the Organisation of Islamic Conference
(OIC), Malaysia began to identify itself as a "Muslim nation."
Malaysia's relations with other countries. These refer to sovereign equality and
mutual respect for territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in
each other's internal affairs, peaceful settlement of disputes as well as mutual
benefit in relations and peaceful co-existence.
Developing close bilateral relations with our neighbours remains a high priority..
http://www.kln.gov.my/?m_id=2
Trade Policy

is to pursue trade liberalisation through the rule-based multilateral
trading system under the World Trade Organisation (WTO).
 Free trade agreements (FTAs) have traditionally been confined to
trade in goods. However, after the establishment of the WTO, trade in
services has been included in many FTAs.
4. FDI /FII structure





The government has a generally favourable attitude toward foreign investment,
especially regarding projects that facilitate technology transfers, create highskilled jobs and contribute capital to the economy.
New ventures in the manufacturing sector may be 100% foreign-owned, the
financial sector is being liberalized and capital controls on overseas investments
have been relaxed.
Any FDI that seeks to acquire assets in Malaysia including ownership of
businesses without giving clear benefit to Malaysians will be actively
discouraged.
All industrial projects must be approved by the Malaysian Industrial Development
Agency (MIDA) which has lately stopped granting approvals in what it views as
low-productivity industries.
In April 2009, the Malaysian government removed existing bumiputera (ethnic
Malay) affirmative action requirements for companies in certain sectors (health,
tourism, transport and IT services) to have 30% ethnic Malay ownership. This
move was a bid by the ruling coalition to reach out to ethnic minority groups to
strengthen its position.
http://www.edc.ca/english/docs/gmalaysia_e.pdf
ECONOMIC
Free trade agreements were introduced by Badawi to Japan. These contracts will help
these two countries minimize tariffs on trade of all industrial goods and large number of
forestry, agricultural, and fishery products. Economic policies of Malaysia also state that
it has to develop and focus more on its strengths, which is agriculture. It would also look
in to fact that manufacturing base is not affected. By restructuring government financial
assistance, it has increased price of petrol and electricity.
Monetary policy



Reserve requirements have been cut to reduce the cost of financial intermediation.
Timely liquidity support in the inter-bank market has kept the overnight interbank rate close to the policy rate, suggesting orderly market conditions
throughout.
The base lending rate has declined, and broad money has continued to grow.
Credit has expanded although the rate of expansion has decelerated as banks
tightened lending standards and loan demand moderated in tandem with economic
activity.
http://www.economywatch.com/economic-policy/Malaysia.html
1. banking structure – both national and private and private banks exist
2. income patterns (GDP)-
In 2008 fiscal Malaysia GDP as per purchasing power parity was estimated to be
$397.5 billion, while GDP as per official exchange was $214.7 billion for 2008.
Statistical research work shows that real growth rate of Malaysia GDP of 2008 is
approximately 5.5%. Malaysia GDP per capita has been shown to be $15,700 in
2008.
http://www.economywatch.com/gdp/world-gdp/malaysia.html
SOCIAL
1. psycographics and sociographics (all possible ratios)









Full name: Federation of Malaysia
Population: 27 million (UN, 2008)
Capital: Kuala Lumpur
Area: 329,847 sq km (127,355 sq miles)
Major languages: Malay (official), English, Chinese dialects, Tamil, Telugu,
Malayalam
Major religions: Islam, Buddhism, Taoism, Hinduism, Christianity, Sikhism
Life expectancy: 72 years (men), 77 years (women)
Monetary unit: 1 ringgit = 100 sen
Main exports: Electronic equipment, petroleum and liquefied natural gas,
chemicals, palm oil, wood and wood products, rubber, textiles
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female
total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2008 est.)
Rich: poor
Malaysia has the largest gap between rich and the poor in Southeast Asia, where the top
10 percent is 22.1 times richer than the poorest 10 percentThe richest 10 percent in
Malaysia controls 38.4 percent of the country's economic income as compared to the
poorest 10 percent controlling 1.7 percent.
Income parameters:
8.6 percent of households earn below RM1,000, followed by about 29.4 percent of
households who earn between RM1,000 and RM2,000.19.8 percent of households are in
the RM2001-RM3,000 income bracket, RM3,001-RM4,000 (12.9 percent), RM4,001RM5,000 (8.6 precent), RM5,001-RM10,000 (15.8 percent) and above RM10,000 (4.9
percent).In short, almost 40 percent of households in Malaysia earn RM2,000 and
below.At the other end of the scale, about 20 percent of households earn more than
RM5,000 a month..
http://www.geocities.com/easytocall/
TECHNOLOGICAL
1. infrastructure
Transport:
Airport Construction and Related Works
Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA) has a new passenger terminal for budget
airlines. The terminal will have the capacity to handle 30mn passengers annually, thus
increasing the airport’s annual capacity to 55mn passengers. It will be located next to the
existing terminal and will be ready by 2010.
Communication
The press





New Straits Times - English-language daily
The Star - English-language daily
Business Times - English-language daily
The Malay Mail - English-language daily
Malaysiakini - English-language, online news service
Television




Radio
Radio Television Malaysia (RTM) - state-run, operates TV1 and TV2 networks
TV3 - commercial network
ntv7 - commercial network
8TV - commercial network




Radio Television Malaysia (RTM) - state-run, operates some 30 radio stations
across the country and external service Voice of Malaysia
Era FM - private FM station
Hot FM - private FM station
Time Highway Radio - private Kuala Lumpur FM station
News agency

Bernama - state-run
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/country_profiles/1304569.stm
PEST ANALYSIS OF KENYA
POLITICAL
5. form and type of government – Unitary Multiparty Republic
6. ministerial hierarchy (separate ministers under each section)
 chief of state: President Mwai KIBAKI (since 30 December 2002); Vice
President Stephene Kalonzo MUSYOKA (since 10 January 2008);
 head of government: President Mwai KIBAKI (since 30 December 2002);
Vice President Stephene Kalonzo MUSYOKA (since 10 January 2008); note the roles of the president and prime minister are not well defined at this
juncture; constitutionally, the president remains chief of state and head of
government, but the prime minister is charged with coordinating government
business
 cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president and headed by the prime minister,
who is the leader of the largest party in parliament
 elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a
second term); in addition to receiving the largest number of votes in absolute
terms, the presidential candidate must also win 25% or more of the vote in at
least five of Kenya's seven provinces.
 https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ke.html
7. Exim policy FOREIGN POLICY
 Kenya is a member of the Common Market for Eastern and Southern
Africa (COMESA), the East African Co-operation (EAC), the
Organization of African Unity (OAU), and the Inter Governmental
Authority on Development (IGAD).
 TRADE POLICY
 Trade policy formulation is the responsibility of several Ministries, which
constitute the Cabinet's Economic Sub-committee, and the Central Bank.
 It’s the founding member of WTO.
8. FDI /FII STRUCTURE

Investment Promotion Centre is a public funded institution, which was
established in 1992 as a one-stop shop geared to promote investment in the
country. IPC processes all applications for new investments and forwards
recommendations to the Ministry of Finance and Planning for approval by the
Minister. A General Authority license is issued within one month with prior
approval from the relevant authority in charge of issuing \the license.

The Foreign Investments Protection Act (FIPA) (Cap518) guarantees
repatriation of capital, after tax profits and remittance of dividends and
interests accruing from investing in the country. The constitution also
provides guarantee against expropriationof private property unless for security
or public interest and when this happens fair and prompt compensation is
paid.


investment allowance - is provided as an incentive for investment in the
manufacturing and hotel sectors the rate of 60% countrywide;
depreciation - liberal rates are allowed for depreciation of assets based on
value as follows:
buildings and hotels machinery e.g. tractors and aircrafts;


loss carried forward - business enterprises that suffer losses can carry
forward such losses to be offset against future taxable profits;
Duty remission facility - material imported for use in manufacture for
export or for the production of raw materials for use in export oriented
manufacture or for the production of duty free items for sale domestically
are eligible for duty remissions. Applications for this facility may be made
to the Export Promotion Programme Office in the Ministry of Finance and
Planning.
Manufacturing Under Bond (MUB)

To encourage manufacturing in Kenya for world markets, the Government
has established an in-bond programme open to both local and foreign
investors. IPC and Ministry of Finance and Planning (Department of
Customs and Excise) administer the program. Enterprises operating under
the programme are offered the following incentives:


exemption from duty and VAT on imported plant, machinery and
equipment, raw material and other imported inputs; and
100% investment allowance on plant machinery equipment and buildings.
Export Processing Zones Authority (EPZA)







25. Export Processing Zones are coordinated by the Export Processing
Zones Authority (EPZA). A number of EPZs have already been
established. Enterprises operating in export processing zones in Kenya
enjoy the following benefits:
10 years tax holiday and a float 25% tax for the next 10 years;
exemption from all withholding taxes on dividends and other payments to
non-residents during the first 10 years;
exemption from import duties on machinery raw materials and
intermediate inputs;
no restriction on management or technical arrangement;
exemption from stamp duty; and
Exemption from VAT and operate on one license only.
9. treaties / economic integration – WTO and stated above
ECONOMIC
3. economic policy




fiscal policy - Expansionary fiscal policy, contractionary fiscal policy and
neutral fiscal policy
monetary policy
trade policy
Banking structure (national and private) – both private and govt controlled banks ,
Nairobi stock exchange one of the largest boards in Kenya.
4. income patterns (GDP) - $1,600 (2008 est.)
5. disposable income patterns 6. investment (domestic, national, individual)
SOCIAL
2. psychographics and sociographics


Age structure:




0-14 years: 42.3% (male 8,300,393/female 8,181,898)
15-64 years: 55.1% (male 10,784,119/female 10,702,999)
65 years and over: 2.6% (male 470,218/female 563,145) (2009 est.)

Population growth rate:



2.691% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world:25
Birth rate:



36.64 births/1,000 population (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 31
Death rate:



9.72 deaths/1,000 population (July 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 69
Net migration rate:



0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 78
Urbanization:



urban population: 22% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 4% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)
Sex ratio:






at birth: 1.02 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.84 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2009 est.)
Infant mortality rate:





total: 54.7 deaths/1,000 live births
country comparison to the world: 44
male: 57.56 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 51.78 deaths/1,000 live births (2009 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:




total population: 57.86 years
country comparison to the world: 188
male: 57.49 years
female: 58.24 years (2009 est.)
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Land Mass Total- 224,962 sq mi (582,650 sq km)
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Land- 219,788 sq mi (569,250 sq km)
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Water- 5,173 sq mi (13,400 sq km)
http://www.tradeport.org/countries/kenya/01grw.html
3. Culture & religious- Mostly Christians with 27% of the population Protestant
while 26% are Roman Catholic. Around 19% of the population follow local
native tribal beliefs and 6% are Muslims
 country of diverse and rich cultural traditions, seeks to cultivate and develop
those traditions to ensure that its valuable cultural assets are not irretrievably
lost and that social cohesion is not undermined in the process of change to
newer ways
4. mindset and lifestyle of people Kenyans love their beer almost as much as their dancing and there's a
thriving local brewing industry
 Kenyans love music and the style known as benga is the contemporary
dance music that rules
 http://au.encarta.msn.com/sidebar_1461501337/Kenya_Customs_and_Lif
estyle.html
5. urban and subunban population – Rural and urbanization is on the rise since the
past two years.
TECHNOLOGICAL
2. R & D
 R&D organization that constituted one of our case studies is the Kenya
Industrial R&D Institute (abbreviated KIRDI). Like the Coffee Research
Foundation, KIRDI's origin lies in the colonial period, when in 1942, the
East African Industrial Research Organization was established to develop
local industries, with the objective of relieving shortages brought about by
World War II. After the collapse of the East African Community in 1977,
the Kenyan government first transferred the Organization to the Ministry
of Commerce and Industry, and then, two years later, gave it autonomy.