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2005/06 Integrated Science
Topic: Unit 4 Energy
Introduction
This Unit introduces you to the very important concept - energy. You are first introduced to the
different forms of energy and their interconvertibility through a series of activities. They are
also presented with the energy conversion in a range of common devices. The importance of
controlled energy conversion is brought out through a case study on a gas explosion. Safety
in the transportation, storage and use of fuels is simultaneously highlighted.
A survey on the kind of fuels and energy sources used in Hong Kong is included in this Unit. You
should recognize that electricity is the most common source of energy used at home since it is a
clean and convenient form of energy at the consumer end. The pollution problems arising from
the generation of electricity should be discussed.
Through the analysis of data showing the world trend in energy usage and the amount of energy
resources available on Earth, you should become aware that energy resources are limited and
consider the possible long term implications. In this connection, you would discuss how society
might make decisions about energy issues.
This material has been copied in accordance with the Guidelines for Photocopying of Printed Works by Not-for-Profit Educational
Establishments. You are not permitted to make any further copy of this work, or to make it available to others. It is important to
understand and respect of copyright.
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Unit objectives
You should
1. be able to distinguish the different forms of energy
2. be able to identify the initial and final forms of energy in an energy change
3. be familiar with some common energy converters
4. be aware of the need to control energy conversions
5. be able to take appropriate safety precautions when using fuels
6. be able to explain why electricity is the most common energy source used at home
7. be able to state the energy changes in generating electricity from fuels
8. be able to state some examples of alternate energy resources
9. be aware of man’s increasing need for energy and the finite energy source available to
man
10. show concern for pollution problems arising from the generation of electricity
11. recognize the need to conserve energy in daily life and demonstrate commitment to it.
12. be aware of some of the safety problems associated with the storage and transportation
of fuels
13. be aware of the pollution problems arising from the use of different energy sources
Content
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Introducing the different forms of energy: heat, light, sound, kinetic, potential (gravitational),
chemical and electrical energy.
Simple energy changes; initial and final forms of energy in such processes.
The intermediate forms of energy in some common energy changes.
Some common examples of energy converters including cells, motors and dynamos.
Controlled energy conversion.
Uncontrolled energy conversion is disastrous.
Common fuels, e.g. coal, petrol, kerosene, LPG (Liquefied petroleum gas), town gas.
What makes a good fuel.
Safety in using fuels.
Safety in the storage and transportation of fuels.
Electricity is the most common energy source used at home.
Electricity is generated in power stations from coal, oil or natural gas in HK; pollution
problems arising from the generation of electricity.
Other ways to generate electricity: e.g. hydro-electric power, wind power, nuclear power,
chemical cell and solar cell.
Limited supply of fossil fuels and our increasing need for energy; the need for saving energy
and the use of alternative energy sources.
Pollution problems arising from the use of different energy sources.
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References
Dictionaries & Encyclopedia
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Longman English-Chinese Science & Technology Dictionary.
Oxford Dictionary of Science.
The Oxford Science Study Dictionary.
Science and Mathematics Dictionary for Year 1-3.
The Oxford Children’s Book of Famous People.
Oxford Children’s Encyclopedia.
Science Books
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Science Search
Science Works (2nd Edition)
Science 8 An Australian Perspective.
Science 10 An Australian Perspective.
The Young Scientist Investigates Electricity and Magnetism.
The Young Scientist Investigates Course Book One.
Science in View.
World of Science.
Modern Integrated Science Exercises.
Useful websites
Education and Manpower Bureau
(Kindergarten, Primary and Secondary education->Curriculum Development -> Key Learning Areas > Science Education)
http://www.emb.gov.hk
Online Science Glossary
http://cd.emb.gov.hk/sci/glossarysci_eng.html
Websites for reference
ATV 亞洲電視 開心大發現
http://www.hkatv.com/infoprogram/discover
How Stuff works
http://www.howstuffworks.com/
HKU-science in daily life
http://www.physics.hku.hk/~phys0607/
Science Magazine – Essays on science and society
http://www.sciencemag.org/index.dtl
Energy
http://resources.emb.gov.hk/energy/
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Group Interaction: A Guide for Students
1. Do I give others a turn to participate?
2. Do I ask for ideas and comments from others in the group?
3. Do I try not to dominate the conversation?
4. Do I respond to others’ ideas and questions?
5. Do I volunteer answers and respond when I am asked a question?
6. Do I try to expand on others’ responses and do I allow or encourage others to do so?
7. Do I support my opinions with evidence and reasons?
8. Do I try to use group decision-making processes?
9. Do I try to make sure that the group divides the work?
Reading Comprehension Prompts for Students
Purpose
Predicting
Questions
 With a title like this, what do you think the story will be about?
 What will happen next?
 Turn to your partner and each of you tells what might happen.
SelfQuestioning
 Why am I reading this?
Monitoring and
Adjusting
 What do I still want to know?
 What do I already know about this topic?
 What do I still not understand?
 Think of a question you still have about this topic.
Evaluating
 What do you think is the most important idea presented by the
author? Why?
 If you were the author, what would you tell our class about the
point you were trying to make?
Paraphrasing
or Retelling
 What was the reading about?
 Turn to a partner and briefly explain what you just read in your
own words.
 Group Retell: I’ll start and anyone can pick up where I leave
off…
Summarizing
 Identify up to 5 key concepts.
 Write a summary statement using these concepts.
Identifying
Words and
Meanings
 Does that make sense? Why or why not?
 Do you know something in that word that can help you?
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Reflecting
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 If you were to do this reading again, what would you do
differently? Why?
 What helped you most in figuring out what was confusing?
 What other things could you have done?
This is a strategy to help students become active readers by keeping their attention focused on their
reading of informational materials. The notes help them create a guide to the important information
in their reading.
Writing Narrative Procedures and Lab Reports: A Guide for Students
1. What was I looking for?
Describe the research question you were trying to answer or the prediction or hypothesis you
were testing.
2. How did I look for it?
Describe here what you did to answer the research question or test the prediction or hypothesis.
Include a description of the method and the materials you used.
3. What did I find?
Describe any observations you made and describe the data you collected.
4. What does this mean?
Formulate a conclusion based on the data you collected. Discuss your predictions and their
accuracy and how it supported your hypothesis.
*To put students in the right frame of mind, teachers can suggest that they think of the report as a
letter they are writing to a friend who was not in class but who has to conduct the procedure on his
own.
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Unit 1 – Introduce Energy
STUDENTS’ GUIDE
CHALLENGE
We all use energy every day. What is energy and how can we describe and
understand it?
ACTIVITY FOCUS
Energy and the use of ENERGY TRANSFER and ENERGY CHAINS to describe it
are introduced. You investigate and discuss POTENTIAL and KINETIC ENERGY
while playing the “House of Cards” game.
MATERIALS
Part A
Part B
For each student
For each group of students
2, 2” paper clips
80 “Building Cards” (3”x5” index cards)
1 foam cup
SAFETY NOTE
Only touch the paper clip to your own lip. Be careful not to get the clip in
your eye.
PROCEDURE
Part A Introducing Energy, Energy Transfer and Energy Chains
1. Open your paper clip into a “V” shape and touch Point A to your upper lip as shown in
Illustration 1.1 below. Record in your science notebook how it feels to your lip.
A
A
[Illustration 1.1]
2. Bend your paper clip back and forth 10 times as shown and immediately touch Point A again to
your upper lip. Record how it now feels and describe any difference.
3. Draw an energy chain for a person throwing a ball to another person who catches it. Remember
that every energy chain includes an energy source, a method of energy transfer, and an energy
receiver. Review and discuss your chain with the other members of your group.
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Part B POTENTIAL and KINETIC ENERGY – The House of Cards Game
4. Introduction to Build a House of Cards
It takes energy to construct a building. Where does the energy go? You will investigate that
question in this activity. Working as a group, you have 10 minutes to build a house, up to five
stories high, out of cards. Each card represents an amount of energy of lifting or mechanical
energy needed to construct that part of the wall or ceiling. The energy needed for each floor is
first the number of cards used times the floor they are used on. In addition all folded cards
represent additional use of energy and their value is doubled. Third floor cards, for example,
have to be lifted 3 times as high as first floor cards. The house must be able to support a foam
drinking cup on top. The house that has the greatest number of floors, uses the fewest number of
cards and stores the least amount of energy is considered the most successful.
5. The Rules
a. Each group may build only one final house of card. Investigation of different approaches is
encouraged.
b. The structure must be freestanding and support the cup on top.
c. The cards may be folded to produce supporting walls. The energy value of a folded card is
double the value of an unfolded one used for the same purpose. The folded cards represent
supporting walls that weigh twice as much and require twice as much energy to lift.
d. The cards cannot be ripped or cut.
e. Each “floor” is made up of its walls and the ceiling above it. The walls must enclose space
forming a room. One card cannot form a wall.
f. Numbered cards correspond to each floor and may be used only for that floor. The number on
the card represents the number of units of energy needed to raise that card to that floor of the
house. Folding the card doubles the energy needed to use it.
g. You are allowed only 10 minutes for official construction of your final model. When time is up,
the structure must stand, with the cup on top, without collapsing for at least 1 minute.
h. When directed by the teacher, your group will release the energy now stored in the structure
and calculate the number of “energy units” the house contained. Use the directions below for
calculating energy units.
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6. Adding up the energy that was stored in your finished structure is easy. Because each card is the
same size and weight (whether used as a wall or a ceiling panel), the energy it takes to lift one is
the same for each. Lifting one twice as high takes twice the energy, and three times as high takes
three times the energy, etc. Folding a card takes twice the energy used for an unfolded one used
on the same floor.
Use a chart like the following one, or one your group designs, to help you calculate the stored
energy:
CALCULATING STORED ENERGY UNITS
FLOOR
Number of Energy Used Number of Energy Used
Regular
#regular
Folded
#folded
Cards
cards x 1
Cards
cards x 2
Total Energy Units
Per Floor = Floor #
x (energy of regular
+ folded cards)
1
2
3
4
5
Energy Stored in each floor = No. of regular cards x floor + No. of folded cards x floor x 2
Total Energy Stored in the House Of Card = Sum of the energy stored in the 5 levels
7. Make a sketch of the winning House of Cards. As a group, discuss why you think this design was
successful.
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Unit 2 – Sources of Electrical Energy
STUDENTS’ GUIDE
CHALLENGE
What are the advantages and disadvantages of each energy source that can be used
to GENERATE electricity?
ACTIVITY FOCUS
Read about the many ways to generate electricity. Some use renewable resources
such as wind and solar, while others use non-renewable resources such as coal,
natural gas, and fuel oils. Identify the advantages and disadvantages of each. Which
sources of electrical energy are available for Hong Kong? Do you think they cost the
same?
MATERIALS
For each student
“Electrical Energy Sources” Chart
SAFETY NOTE
General classroom safety precautions apply.
PROCEDURE
1.
Use the reading below to identify the advantages and disadvantages of the different sources of
electrical energy.
2.
List the advantages and disadvantages of each energy source on your copy of the “Electrical
Energy Sources” chart your teacher distributes.
Reading: Energy Sources Used to Produce Electricity
Biomass Energy
Biomass power refers to the production of power by burning plants or waste material. Power plants
that use biomass (wood, paper, or municipal waste) are similar to power plants that burn coal, oil,
and natural gas. The fuels are combusted in a boiler and produce steam to drive a conventional
steam TURBINE. The material burned can be a combination of renewable [wood] and nonrenewable [garbage, coal etc.] materials. One of the advantages of the production of biomass energy
is to reduce the waste in landfills. This has some of the same environmental concerns as incinerators.
Currently biomass is not a major electrical energy source in Hong Kong, though it is used for a few
other purposes.
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Fossil Fuels (Coal, Fuel Oil, and Natural Gas)
Coal is the most abundant fossil fuel in the world and the leading source of electricity in Hong Kong.
Coal is powdered into a fine dust and injected into the furnace to power a conventional steam boiler.
Fuel oil and natural gas are also used as fuels to boil water in the steam boilers. The gases produced
by the combustion of coal – sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides – have been the major producers of
acid rain and other gases and byproducts that can harm the environment. Modern methods of
burning fossil fuels can reduce significantly the harmful gases released in the environment. Natural
gas produces only water and carbon dioxide when burned “cleanly”. Fossil fuels are non-renewable
energy sources. Currently fossil fuels (primarily coal and gas) are the major energy source used to
generate electricity in Hong Kong.
Geothermal Energy
Geothermal Energy is heat (thermal) derived from the earth (geo). It is the thermal energy contained
in the rock and fluid (that fills the fractures and pores within the rock) in the Earth's crust. It is
usually used to heat water to produce steam, which drives conventional turbines. It is considered
renewable because the resource is vast. The materials and energy used to build and maintain
geothermal power plants are usually non-renewable. There are some environmental concerns related
to the impact on the land where such plants are located. Geothermal energy is not used in Hong
Kong because it is too far below the ground for practical use here.
Hydroelectric Power
Hydroelectric power generators use water to spin a turbine connected to a generator. The water may
come from rivers, streams, or lakes. Hydroelectric power, therefore is a renewable energy source.
Construction of a dam is often necessary. The KINETIC ENERGY in the flowing or falling water is
converted to mechanical energy by the turbine and then into electricity by the generator. The
materials and energy needed to construct necessary dams, turbines etc. usually are non-renewable.
There are significant concerns related to the blocking of streams, rivers, or lakes to create dams, and
to relocating people who live there. There is a pumped hydroelectric storage facility for Hong Kong.
Pumped storage is not renewable unless the energy it stores was generated with renewables. Ocean
Energy is similar to hydroelectric power because it uses the motion of water in waves, tides or
currents. There are limited investigations underway regarding the use of Ocean Energy in Hong
Kong.
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Nuclear Power
When atoms of uranium are split apart (fission reactions), the heat generated can be used to boil
water and produce steam to power a turbine. Concern over environmental effects and accidents,
such as the accidents at Chernobyl in the former Soviet Union (1986) and Three Mile Island in
Pennsylvania (1979), have raised serious questions regarding the construction of new plants and the
safety and maintenance of existing plants. Recently, nuclear power has been considered to be one of
the solutions to tackle global climate change problem, as there will be no greenhouse gas emissions.
Moreover, nuclear power plants do not produce the air pollution of fossil fuel burning plants.
However, they do generate RADIOACTIVE waste that raises many safety and environmental issues
and require special facilities for disposal. A considerable amount of Hong Kong’s electricity comes
from nuclear power generating stations on the Chinese mainland.
Solar Energy
Energy from the Sun can be directly converted into electricity by using solar cells
(PHOTOVOLTAICS). It can also be used to heat water (solar thermal energy) and other liquids,
causing them to transfer their thermal energy to other sources, such as swimming pools, hot-water
heaters, and even turbines to produce electricity. In order to generate significant amounts of
electrical energy solar collectors require large areas of land. The photovoltaic energy from the Sun is
renewable. Currently the production of some solar cells creates hazardous wastes, and uses a lot of
energy. The materials and energy used to produce the cells are usually non-renewable. Photovoltaic
energy is used in Hong Kong to provide electricity for road signs and for other specialized
applications. There are examples of integrated photovoltaic facilities in some of the buildings in
Hong Kong. It is common that calculators and toys are powered by photovoltaics. Some solar
thermal energy is used for water heating in Hong Kong. Units 4 & 5 provide additional experiences
with the use of solar energy to heat water and produce electricity.
Wind Energy
Wind can turn the blades of large turbines to produce energy. Wind farms can be set up in areas
where the wind blows at speeds of at least 4 meters per second for long periods of time. If the wind
speed is higher, more energy will be produced. However, vast areas of land must be used for wind
turbines to produce a significant amount of electric power. The wind as an energy source is
renewable. The materials needed to build the turbines and the energy used in building them may not
be renewable. The land on which the wind farm is placed can be used for some other purposes such
as farming. Currently, pilot wind generation projects are being built to produce electricity in Hong
Kong. There are also some small wind turbines in use here. In Unit 12, you will investigate wind and
the operation of wind turbines.
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ELECTRICAL ENERGY SOURCES CHART
Energy Source
Advantages
Disadvantages
Availability in
Hong Kong
Biomass
Coal
Gas
Geothermal
Hydro
Nuclear
Oil
Solar
Wind
3.
In your group, discuss the advantages and disadvantages you selected and recorded on your
chart for each energy source. Come to agreement on each choice for your group. Add the results
to your group’s copy of the chart. Be prepared to add your group’s choices to the class list
projected by your teacher.
4.
In your group complete the “Availability in Hong Kong” column on your group “Electrical
Energy Sources” Chart. Make your decision based on those sources of energy that are available
and in use at the present time. Add any comments that you think are important to the group
chart or as notes and be ready to share your group’s decisions with the class.
DISCUSSION
5. Discuss in your group how the generation and use of electricity in Hong Kong can be made more
sustainable, and still affordable. After the discussion, plan with your group to do research and
develop recommendations based on your research on this topic. Be prepared to share your
group’s plan with your teacher and classmates.
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Unit 3 – Heating Water with Solar Energy
STUDENTS’ GUIDE
CHALLENGE
The primary source of the Earth’s energy is the Sun. How can we use the Sun to help
meet the energy needs of Hong Kong?
ACTIVITY FOCUS
Investigate how we interact with the Sun and how we use the Sun’s energy to heat
water. What are some of the tradeoffs involved in using the Sun’s energy in Hong
Kong? Is solar energy a “renewable energy” source?
MATERIALS
Part B
For each group of students
1 Black plastic tray with a clear plastic cover
1 Black plastic tray
1 Thermometer – red spirit filled
1 250 ml Beaker
1 White plastic tray insert
SAFETY NOTE
Never look directly at the Sun. Take care not to drop thermometers.
PROCEDURE
Part A The Sun and You
1. Make a table in your Science notebook like the model below. Under the column “Our
INTERACTION with the Sun” list the ways in which people interact with the Sun. Then, for
each way people interact with the Sun, list the advantages and disadvantages.
Table 1 THE SUN AND ME
Our Interaction with the Sun
Advantages
2.
Disadvantages
In your group, discuss each person’s list and the group’s ideas about the advantages and
disadvantages of each use of the Sun. Decide as a group, on the 3 most important uses of the Sun
and the advantages and disadvantages of each use of the Sun. For each one of these uses, build
an “ENERGY CHAIN” with the Sun as the source.
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Personal Reflection
3. Many people are becoming concerned about the short-term and long-term health effects of
EXPOSURE to the Sun. Think about your exposure to the Sun. In your science notebook, record
some of the things you can do to help prevent the negative effects from exposure to sunlight.
Part B Using Solar Energy to Warm Water
Investigations: Transferring the Sun’s Energy to Heat Water
4. Place your group’s open and covered black trays in the area assigned and fill each tray with
250ml tap water. Take the temperature of the water in each tray and each person should record it
in a data table like the one below.
5. Place the cover on one tray and point it to the Sun. Set the uncovered tray up the same way.
Time
DATA TABLE
Water Temperature
(in covered black tray)
Water Temperature
(in open black Tray)
Temperature Change
6.
After 10 minutes, take the cover off your covered black tray and quickly measure and record the
water temperature in both trays. Record both results and determine the temperature change for
the covered and open tray. The covered tray should not be opened during the experiment. This
is to prevent heat loss leading to inaccurate results.
7.
What VARIABLES do you think determine how much the temperature of the water in a tray
changes? Discuss in your group the variables that you think determine how much the Sun
warms the water in the trays. After the discussion, make a list of the five most important
variables agreed upon in your group.
GOING FURTHER
8. Do you think the colour of the tray affects the temperature change of the water in the tray?
Observe the white tray inserts your teacher gives you.
9. In your group, discuss how to set up the investigation of the white insert on the temperature
change of the water in the tray. Write out your group’s plan including the variables you will
keep the same and the ones you will change. Present your plan to your teacher for approval
before you carry out your investigation. Carry out your investigation and write up your group’s
results in your science notebook.
GROUP DISCUSSION
10. After your investigations of the Sun and its effects, what recommendations would your group make
regarding using the Sun as an energy source in Hong Kong? Is solar energy a renewable energy source?
How will your recommendations contribute to the more sustainable use of energy in Hong Kong?
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Pui Kiu College
Name: _______________________ (
)
Class: ____________________
Assignment (1)
Monday, March 18, 2002
Daya Bay's Electricity Output Surpasses 1,000 KWh
The Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station in south China's
Guangdong Province has been operating safely and stably
ever since its opening in 1994 and has managed to produce
more than 100 billion Kilowatt hours of electricity so far.
The Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station in south China's Guangdong Province
has managed to produce more than 100 billion Kilowatt hours of electricity so
far.
The nuclear power station has been operating safely and stably ever since its opening in 1994.
After all these years of development, its major technical standards have reached advanced world levels.
Only about 30 percent of the electric power from the Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station will go to Guangdong
Provice, while the rest will be delivered to neighboring Hong Kong.
<People’s Daily, Nov 05, http://english1.people.com.cn/200203/18/eng20020318_92312.shtml>
解放軍報, 2004 年 5 月 28 日
<PLA Daily, Nov 05, http://www.pladaily.com.cn/big5/pladaily/2004/05/28/20040528001160_zhxw.html >
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Pui Kiu College
Name: _______________________ (
)
Class: ____________________
The use of renewable energy
Everyday we use energy to give us heat, light and power. Energy comes from burning fuel. There are
many different kinds of fuel, but the main ones are coal, oil and gas. All these fuels come from the Earth's
crust and are called fossil fuels. These fossil fuels take thousands of years to form. There is only a certain
amount of each kind of fossil fuel. Once they are used up, the energy they contain is gone forever.
Another problem with fossil fuels is that as we burn them for energy, they pollute the air.
All around the world, scientists and engineers are looking for new ways to provide energy. They need to find sources
of energy that will not run out, and will not pollute the air. So far, they have found four ways: the energy from heat in
rocks inside the Earth, from the wind, from sunlight and from the power of gravity. They are called renewable energy
or alternative energy. 'Renewable' means that these sources do not run out, no matter how much is used. 'Alternative'
means energy used for home and industry made by sources other than burning fuels. These sources can provide power
without pollution. However, these alternative energy sources do create their own problems.
<Nov, 2005. http://resources.emb.gov.hk/~s1sci/R_S1Science/sp/cindex.html >
Essay Writing
Read (1)the above articles,(2) “our increasing need for energy” and Activity 4(k) on Pg.40-41 of your
textbook, and answer the following question.(about 100 words)
“The world energy demand is increasing rapidly, but there is limited supply of fossil fuel. In order to
solve the energy crisis problem. If the government of Guangdong Province plans to build the third
China nuclear power station in Guangzhou, do you agree? Please explain your answer.”
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Useful Sources:
 e-learning page of PuiKiuCollege’s Science Homepage.
 http://english1.people.com.cn/200203/18/eng20020318_92312.shtml
 http://www.pladaily.com.cn/big5/pladaily/2004/05/28/20040528001160_zhxw.html
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Search the information from the internet or libraries, and answer the following questions.
1.
How is electricity generated in Hong Kong? (Individual)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2.
What are the problems arising from the generation of electricity? (Individual)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3.
How is electricity generated by Hydro-electric power? Is it suitable for HK? Why? How does a
hydro-electric power station work? State the Energy changes involved. (Group)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
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4.
Pg. 18
How is electricity generated by Wind power? HK government is planning to use wind to
generate electricity, do you think it is feasible(可行)? Why? (science explorer 4.2 pg.20) There are
some wind power stations in China and USA, how do they work? What are the drawbacks of
using wind power? (Group)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5.
How is electricity generated by Solar power? What are the advantages and disadvantages of it?
Beside generating electricity, find some applications in Hong Kong. (science explorer 4.3 pg.21-23)
(Group)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6.
Search the information of “La Rance Tidal Power Plant” in France, and Explain how does it work?
In 1991, eight tidal power stations have been built in China, where did they build on? (Group)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
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7.
Pg. 19
How is electricity generated by Geothermal power? Search information of the Wayang Windu
Power Station or other Geothermal power station in the world, and explain how do they work.
(Group)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
8.
Search the information of a nuclear disaster occurred in 1986 at Chernobyl in former USSR, how
many people are killed? How far did the explosion spread? What are the after-effects of it?
(Group)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
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9.
Search the information of Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station, and explain how electricity
generated by Nuclear power? (Group)
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Pui Kiu College
Name: _______________________ (
)
Class: ____________________
Assignment (2)
Essay Writing
After completing the assignment (1), now you may have more familiar with different types of power
station, and the after-effects of nuclear power application. Do you agree to build another nuclear
power station in Guangzhou in order to solve the energy crisis that we are facing? You may discuss
the possibility to develop alternative energy sources in HK. (200words)
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Pg. 21
Pui Kiu College
Name: _______________________ (
)
Class: ____________________
Assignment (3)
1. Look at the following pie chart showing the main energy sources of a country and answer the
questions that follow.
A pie chart showing a country’s main energy sources
Coal
(15%)
Nuclear power
(10%)
Solar power
(5%)
Crude oil
(40%)
Hydro-electricity
(30%)
(a)
This country wants to reduce using crude oil to generate electricity. Suggest two disadvantages
in using crude oil to generate electricity.
(b) According to the chart, suggest one energy source for the country to replace crude oil. Explain
your answer.
(c) Try to guess the geographical features of this country. Explain briefly.
(d) Explain the principle of the nuclear power generation.
2. Study the diagram below.
Use the words below to answer questions (a) to (d).
dynamo
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
ammeter water turbine
hydroelectric power station
What is W?
What is X?
What is Y?
What does this model simulate?
What energy change takes place when water is flowing from A to B?
What energy change takes place in X?
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Pg. 22
3. Describe the energy change in each of the following conditions:
(a)
(c)
waterfall
(b)
tennis player
(d)
radio
letting go of the bucket
4. A boy is holding a balloon as shown in the figure. The balloon is filled with hydrogen.
(a) Explain why the balloon floats in the air.
(b) Explain why hydrogen is a very dangerous gas.
(c) Suggest another gas that is safe to replace hydrogen in the balloon.
(d) (i) State the energy changes if the balloon burst suddenly.
(ii) Is the situation in (i) a controlled energy change?