Michael T. Hyson & Paradise (Star) Newland ~ Dolphins, Therapy & Autism ~ December 3, 2003
Dolphins, Therapy & Autism
by
Michael T. Hyson, Ph.D.
Research Director, Sirius Institute
and
Paradise (Star) Newland
Founding Partner, Sirius Institute
www.planetpuna.com
Acknowledgements
I acknowledge all who led me to this knowledge and experience. To Star Newland,
friend, colleague, founder of the Sirius Institute, for her inspiration, knowledge,
encouragement, and collaboration at all levels; for her language sculpting to make these
words sing. To all the dolphins who taught me to pay attention, offered so much and
been my friends, especially Pete, Mitzi, Hugo, Liberty, Florida and Dreamer. To my
Mom & Dad who encouraged my adventures; to John Lilly who inspired much of my
life; to my mentors – Thorne Shipley, Hank Truby, Howard Teas, Derek Fender, Buzz
Lange and many others; to Tiger and the rest of our extended pod; to Dr. Stephen Birch
whose work is so well done I wish I had written it; Len Horowitz for inviting me to write
this as a book chapter and Andrew Lehman for graciously supporting the research &
writing and to many others too numerous to list… Mahalo nui loa!
Michael Hyson, Sep. 23, 2008
_________________________________________
~ Dedicated to Dreamer Dolphin ~
_________________________________________
I have met with a story, which, although authenticated by reliable evidence, looks very
like a fable...- Pliny the Younger (A.D. 62?–c. A.D. 113)
Dolphins may well be carrying information as well as functions critical to the
regeneration of life upon our planet. - Buckminster Fuller
Dolphins have new understandings that seem to lie just beyond our present knowledge.
There may be a common thread of consciousness between man and dolphin. - Joan
McIntyre
“The largest brains on this planet are in the ocean. Communication with the Whales
and the Dolphins is the greatest achievement the human race can aspire to.” - John C.
Lilly, M.D.
1
Michael T. Hyson & Paradise (Star) Newland ~ Dolphins, Therapy & Autism ~ December 3, 2003
Most of us are aware of dolphins as loveable, playful
animals that appear in oceanarium shows, on television and in
movies. They are subjects of naval and other research to find out
how they use sound to communicate, navigate in their
environment, use Sonar and stun fish.1 They are among the most
intelligent of all creatures. Throughout history the dolphins have
helped people, taking children to school in ancient Greece, fishing
with us, guiding ships, saving people from drowning, and recently,
escorting Elian Gonzales when he was at sea on an inner-tube drifting from Cuba to the
United States.
Dolphin Self Awareness & Language
The voice of the dolphin in air is like that of the human, in that they can pronounce
vowels, and combinations of vowels - Aristotle
Dr. Ken Marten at Sea Life Park in Hawai’i recently demonstrated that dolphins
recognize themselves in mirrors, which shows dolphins are self-aware, a trait shared with
only humans and great apes. Dolphins were also taught to recognize some 40 spoken
Hawaiian words by Dr. Wayne Batteau, and were taught to imitate English by Dr. John C.
Lilly, M.D. Dolphins currently working with Dr. Louis Herman in Hawai’i can recognize
some 300 hand signs in some 2000 combinations.2 Dolphins have done better at language
tasks than any other creature. Research in Russia by Markov and Ostrovskaya concludes that
dolphins have their own language with up to a trillion “words” possible.3
Dolphins, along with other Cetacea (dolphins and whales), have acute senses, which
are faster and have a broader bandwidth than our senses. They have large brains, like the
Sperm whale with the largest brain - 9600 grams vs. our 1400 grams. The Cetacean brain is
comparable to ours in complexity and processing capability. With larger brains, they have
more processing capacity – just as a large computer has greater capability than a small one.
1
SOund Navigation And Ranging – use of projected sounds and analysis of the resulting echoes for navigation.
2
Herman, L. M., D. G. Richards and J. P. Woltz, Comprehension of sentences by bottlenosed dolphins,
Cognition (16) 129-219, 1984.
3
Vladimir I. Markov and Vera M. Ostrovskaya, Organisation Of Communication System In Tursiops
Truncatus Montague, A. N. Severtsov Institute of Evolutionary Morphology and Ecology of Animals, USSR
Academy of Sciences, 33 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 117071, USSR. From Sensory Abilities of Cetaceans:
Laboratory and Field Evidence, Edited by Jeanette A. Thomas and Ronald Kastelein (Harderwijck
Dolfinarium), NATO ASI Series, Series A: Life sciences Vol.196.
The number of such [signal] blocks in a [dolphin’s] signal [is] from 1 to 24, averaging to 5-7. The
number of structural types of blocks has [yet to be] established definitely, but it is well over one
hundred. Using this data and standard formulas from Games Theory, one can calculate easily that
10^12 signals [that is, a trillion unique signals!] could be produced by means of free combining. …
All this makes it possible to think that the communicative system of bottlenose dolphins is ‘open’ in
terms of vocabulary formation. This conclusion is indirectly supported by the fact that dolphins use
hundreds of structural types of signals for communication.
2
Michael T. Hyson & Paradise (Star) Newland ~ Dolphins, Therapy & Autism ~ December 3, 2003
The Cetacean brain has expanded most in the cerebral cortex, where thinking, reasoning, and
other “higher” processes are felt to occur.
The brain of a dolphin, for example, is larger than the human’s (at a weight of some
1700 grams) and has about 40% more association cortex (where we feel thinking occurs)
than a human. In addition, humans use a large part of their available processing capacity just
to deal with gravity and balance. The Cetacea live in a buoyant environment where gravity is
much less a factor. This leaves large amounts of their brains free for other tasks. So the
Cetacea have greater available brain capacity than humans.
I conclude that the Cetacea (dolphins and whales) are self-aware, fully conscious,
sentient, and have their own complex language. Because they have larger brains, more
available cortex, and more processing power available (because of their lives in water) the
Cetacea, including the dolphins, are more intelligent than we are. The Sperm whale has the
largest brain (much of it association cortex) and likely has proportionately greater processing
capacity - making it in all probability - the most intelligent creature on Earth.
Therefore, when considering dolphin abilities, we are dealing with an intelligent
creature that has capabilities equal to or exceeding our own.
Dolphins Can Help Restore Us
To speak of lower animals is both arrogant and blasphemous. All traditional peoples
have viewed animals as messengers and mediators of the divine which is a lesson we
need to relearn … that consciousness takes many forms beyond human. - Larry
Dossey, M.D. Healing Beyond the Body
There are now dolphin assisted therapy (DAT) programs operating in Florida and
elsewhere. Generally a client swims with dolphins and has on-land lessons. Details vary with
the condition being treated. The swims can occur over days to weeks. Dolphin therapy is
still at an early stage of development and controlled experiments (where one strives to test
single variables while holding all other factors constant) are rare and our understanding still
rudimentary. Some results are based on anecdotal evidence. Many factors remain to be
sorted out. For example, similar therapy using horses or dogs shows positive results, so what
part of the result is unique to the dolphins? There may be placebo effects, where
expectations determine results. Understanding all this requires on-going research.
A Dolphin-Assisted Therapy session, Island Dolphin Care, Inc., Key Largo, Florida Deena
Hoagland, LCSW; Katrina, 13 year old autistic patient; and Squirt, Therapist
3
Michael T. Hyson & Paradise (Star) Newland ~ Dolphins, Therapy & Autism ~ December 3, 2003
Parents with an autistic child may be looking for, and willing to try, almost anything
to improve their child’s life. While positive and sometimes remarkable results have been
reported, it is beyond our ability to guarantee results from dolphin therapy. Therefore,
evaluate this and other sources carefully to find if this approach is right for you.
The reports included here seem valid to me. I am personally convinced that these
results justify greater effort to find out how dolphins do what they do. In the future, we will
be able to apply what we learn, duplicating dolphin methods to make them widely available.
The Beginning of Dolphin Assisted Therapy
Dolphin assisted therapy began in 1973 when Dr. Hank Truby, a linguist and acoustic
phonetician who worked with Dr. Lilly and the dolphins for 17 years while they were
teaching them English, first took autistic children to meet the dolphins at the Miami
Seaquarium in Miami, Florida.
In this first encounter, two autistic boys who usually had about five minute attention
spans, began to play with the dolphins. There was a close rapport between the children and
the dolphins. While these children ordinarily showed little interest in external things, they
showed great interest in the dolphins. The children and dolphins played games for an hour
and a half with the children playing the entire time. By the end of the session, the children
were cooperating with each other and the dolphins, to fill buckets with water to dump over
the dolphins and feed the dolphins fish.
To the parents it was astounding the children maintained interest for over an hour and
cooperated; this was unique. Dr. Truby reported these results at conferences for some two
years and received little interest. Finally, intrigued by Dr. Truby's results, Dr. Betsy Smith
performed similar studies with positive results and began therapy programs at Dolphins Plus
on Key Largo and Dolphin Research Center at Grassy Key in Florida.
Currently, Dr. David Nathanson has programs at Dolphin Research Center, and
similar work continues at Dolphins Plus. Nathanson reports that their program has treated
some 450 autistic people, many children with generally positive results. Nathanson reports
that while there is often improvement with dolphin therapy, dramatic improvement is rare.
(See Nathanson references) Several other facilities are operating in Florida, the Bahamas and
elsewhere. With the interest in dolphins and the positive results of DAT, more centers are
opening. (See Appendix III.)
My involvement with dolphins began when I read John Lilly’s works as a child and
was privileged to be with dolphins in Texas for a summer when I was 14. They have been
part of my life ever since. Later, at the University of Miami, pursuing degrees in
neuroscience, I met and worked with Dr. Truby for some 12 years, especially with the
Dolphin Project of the World Dolphin Foundation which Dr. Truby and our team created.
I have learned a great deal from the dolphins and they are always fascinating. My
experiences led me to later join the Sirius Institute, now based in Hawai’i, as its research
director. With our founder, Star Newland and others, we are establishing a human-dolphin
4
Michael T. Hyson & Paradise (Star) Newland ~ Dolphins, Therapy & Autism ~ December 3, 2003
habitat where we will live closely with the dolphins; learn from each other; communicate
objectively; birth children underwater with them; and investigate the nature of the “dolphin
effect” on autism, brain trauma, and other conditions.4 Since Dr. Truby’s first studies, the
field has expanded. Among other conditions, DAT has improved the following:
Autism (Hank Truby, Betsy Smith, Robert Nathanson)
Joint problems (various reports)
Down's syndrome (Nathanson)
Depression (Horace Dobbs, Operation Sunflower)
Cerebral palsy (Nathanson, Dolphin Research Center)
Improved learning - Children can learn 2-10 times faster around dolphins
(Nathanson);
Angina (Roxanne Kremer)
Acoustic "zap” of a tumor (personal comm.),
Microcephaly [See below]
Dreamer dolphin fixes a neck [see below]
Restoration of partial vision loss [see below]
Depression5
Some of these reports are expanded below.6
A Case of Microcephaly
Scott Taylor of the Cetacean Studies Institute7, while at the 2nd International Conference
on Dolphin Assisted Therapy in Cancun, Mexico, reported about dolphin therapy with a baby
that had microcephaly, a rare disorder where the skull is too small to contain the brain. We
have yet to develop effective ways to correct the condition.
4
See: http://www.planetpuna.com/VOD19 and http://www.planetpuna.com/sirius
Christian Antonioli & Michael A, Reveley, Randomised controlled trial of animal facilitated therapy with
dolphins in the treatment of depression, BMJ 2005;331:1231, 26 November, 2005
http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/331/7527/1231?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=
&fulltext=dolphins&andorexactfulltext=and&searchid=1132961214909_18513&stored_search=&FIRSTINDE
X=0&sortspec=relevance&resourcetype=1
6 An extensive listing of treated conditions is at Dr. Nathanson’s website:
http://www.dolphinhumantherapy.com/.
5
7
Cetacean Studies Institute (http://www.dolphintale.com/, Email: dolphin@dolphintale.com)
5
Michael T. Hyson & Paradise (Star) Newland ~ Dolphins, Therapy & Autism ~ December 3, 2003
Figure 3. A Child & Dolphin Dolphin is sonaring at point blank range (from S. Birch)
The baby was floated in water and attended by 4 dolphins. One dolphin put its
rostrum at the medulla (base of the skull), two others came to both sides of the neck, with the
forth at the base of the spine. The dolphins made produced sounds or "ensonified" the child
for about 20 minutes at a time, a few times per day for about a week. At the end of this
period the skull plates were developing normally.
Mr. Taylor heard in the oral presentation that medical records confirmed the above
results. I recently reconfirmed with Mr. Taylor that this account is accurate. We expected a
full report in the written proceedings. However, the paper is more cautious and waffled on
the change in the skull growth and its medical confirmation. Mr. Taylor said after the dolphin
therapy conferences "This will change the face of medicine."
Dreamer Dolphin Heals My Neck
I have a personal experience of Dreamer dolphin improving the state of my neck. I
had injured my neck at age 12 and compressed 6th and 7th cervical vertebrae. There was
always a noticeable "grinding" sound when I turned my neck. I was swimming with
Dreamer at age 42. We were both underwater, Dreamer was about 3.5 feet from me, when I
felt and heard some 20 very loud, short, sound pulses distributed rapidly, over my head and
neck within perhaps a second. The sounds were louder than anything I have ever heard from
a dolphin. At the time, I thought she was probably sonaring a fish far away.
I had been with dolphins many times before, and had swum with Dreamer the year
before; yet this time, the sounds were different than any other dolphin sound I had ever heard
or felt. They felt precisely targeted, powerful, tightly focused. Each pulse felt like a tiny
"explosion" that I could feel were localized in spherical areas about 1/4 cm diameter or less.
About an hour after our swim, the muscles of the left side of my neck (the most
injured side) suddenly relaxed. Right after that, my back got warm in some 5 new places,
apparently because the blood distribution had changed. Next, I felt and heard at least 3
vertebrae click into new positions. I then turned my neck back and forth, and the "grinding"
sound was gone! It felt like my neck had been "oiled" and it moved more smoothly than at
6
Michael T. Hyson & Paradise (Star) Newland ~ Dolphins, Therapy & Autism ~ December 3, 2003
any time in 30 years. The improvement has persisted for 14 years thus far.
Dreamer Dolphin & Pod Relieve Angina
Roxanne Kremer, a dolphin researcher working in the Amazon with the fresh water
dolphins, reports the following. Her mother had had severe angina (severe pain in the chest)
and had two angioplasty procedures to expand the coronary vessels. Generally, the
procedure relieves the angina. In her case, the angina remained. Roxanne took her mother to
Dolphins Plus where she swam with Dreamer and 3 other female dolphins. At one point in
the swim, Dreamer and the other dolphins put their beaks on her chest. With that action, the
angina was gone, and at last report, this had persisted for at least 2 years.8
Dreamer Dolphin "Zaps" a Tumor
I have learned that a woman swimming with Dreamer thought she had been rammed.
The woman was taken to hospital for examination. The woman had a large bruise. X-ray
revealed that under the ribs, near the center of the bruised area, there was a small tumor. It is
my feeling that Dreamer likely "zapped" the tumor with a powerful sound pulse, perhaps to
heal it, and the high intensity sound left bruising from hydrostatic shock. At the least, the
bruising called medical attention to the tumor.9
Restoration of Vision
NBC's "The Other Side" aired a segment in February, 1998 on dolphin therapy. They
interviewed a man who had had a head injury. The injury had given him tunnel vision.
Months later, he was swimming with the free Spinner dolphins off Kauai. He felt and heard
the dolphins sonaring him, and while in the water, his peripheral vision returned, and he was
then able to see some 30 dolphins all around him. How this was done is a mystery. At
minimum, the dolphins may have corrected an ischemic blood flow reduction (this is
speculation).10
Improvement of Mental Age in Cerebral Palsy
On the same program was a child of 8 with cerebral palsy. Melissa was from my
hometown of Winnebago, Illinois. She had been with the dolphins and Dr. Nathanson at
Dolphin Research Center, in Florida. I arranged for her to be on the NBC "The Other Side"
show11 that was filmed in Hawai'i. The parents told me the functional mental age level of
8
Roxanne Kremer, Personal Communication, 1989.
9
Dolphins Plus, Personal Communication, 1989.
10
NBC, The Other Side, television program aired February 1998.
11
NBC, The Other Side, television program aired February 1998.
7
Michael T. Hyson & Paradise (Star) Newland ~ Dolphins, Therapy & Autism ~ December 3, 2003
their daughter had improved from 3.5 months to about 3.5 years after about a week around
the dolphins.12
Figure 4.
Melissa gets a “kiss” during a therapy session
It is important to confirm such results with better studies and research. It appears dolphins
can do remarkable things, and we would be wise to learn more.
Autism – Description & Causes
Autism is a neurological disorder characterized by impairments in language,
cognitive and social development, usually manifesting in the first two years of life. Once
considered rare with an incidence of 1-3 per 10,000 births, autism is now reaching 20-40 per
10,000 births with “clusters” of 1 per 150 reported. Autism now ranks third among
childhood developmental disorders, more common than Down’s Syndrome, Cerebral Palsy,
Muscular Dystrophy or Cystic Fibrosis.13
Immune, gastrointestinal and neurological abnormalities, as well as heavy metal
toxicity, (especially mercury) have been documented in autistic children. One source of
mercury is immunizations. June 1999, the FDA announced “Infants who receive thimerosal
containing vaccine at several visits may be exposed to more mercury than recommended by
Federal guidelines for total mercury exposure.” Mercury is the third most toxic substance
known and is the most toxic non-radioactive metal and is known to be neurotoxic, especially
in brains of small infants. Mercury disrupts cell physiology by binding to sulfur with
resulting dysfunction of enzymes, membranes, and structural proteins. Mercury binds with
tubulin and disrupts microtubule formation which can directly cause nerve cell processes to
degenerate.
Symptoms of mercury toxicity in young children mirror those of autism. Thimerosal,
a preservative used in some vaccines, is 49.6% mercury by weight. Infants vaccinated with
multi-dose vials can receive 62.5 micrograms of mercury per visit, about 100 times the 0.1
Personal Communication with Melissa’s parents, 2003
13 See: http://www.autism-mercury.com/
12
8
Michael T. Hyson & Paradise (Star) Newland ~ Dolphins, Therapy & Autism ~ December 3, 2003
micrograms per kilogram of daily exposure considered safe by the EPA. The increased
number of children with autism correlates with the hepatitis B and HIB vaccine given to
infants in the early 1990s. For more on this see Appendix I. where Dr. Bernard Rimland,
(consultant for the film The Rain Man), discusses mercury as a primary cause of increasing
autism. As of 2003 mercury is still being included in the manufacture of several vaccines:
DPT, hepatitis B, influenza, H. influenzae.14
Susan J. Crockford shows that global changes in body structure (expressed
phenotype) can result from changing just a few genes that control thyroid hormones,
especially the patterns of its timed, pusatile, release. Geographic or breeding isolation of
pioneer groups, say, to a colder climate, change thyroid patterns, and with genetic drift, the
patterns of thyroid timing soon differ from the general population. This leads to behavioral
and physiological changes that become fixed through further selection. A similar mechanism
explains sexual dimorphism.15
Simon Baron-Cohen presents a view of autism based on the observation of behavior
types ranging from empathizing (common in females) and systemizing (common in males).
Extreme autistic and Asperger’s syndrome people, male or female, have extreme
“systemizing” behavior. This leads to the kind of obsessive focus on detail, mechanical and
other systems often seen in autistics. He theorizes, following the work of Norman Geshwind,
that the differences in the brain seen here may result from variations in the amount of
testosterone encountered by the developing fetus. Increased testosterone causes increased
growth of the left hemisphere of the brain, and results in a more “systemizing” brain,
generally lacking in empathy.16
Crockford points out that the release of pituitary hormones, and the cascade of effects
from them, including testosterone release, is controlled by the thyroid hormones. So we now
have a general model that can help to explain speciation, sexual dimorphism, phenotypic
variations, and autism spectrum disorders. Crockford presents a consistent model of sexual
dimorphism and brain-gender-behavioral complexes that lie at the core of why we have male
(systemizing) and female (empathizing) behavior patterns. Testosterone is controlled by
thyroid hormones that can be changed by genetic, biological, and environmental factors (such
as metal toxicity). Should any of these factors increase fetal testosterone, it will tend to
produce a person in the autistic and Asperger syndrome spectrum of behavior.
Relevant to vaccines and autism, mercury is some 100 times more toxic in the
presence of testosterone. This may explain why males are more often affected by autism.
Mercury clearance rates were found to often be less in males, so a given dose of mercury
could affect males more severely. Mercury can poison many systems and this could, in turn,
change thyroid pulse patterns, etc. along the lines suggested by Crockford.
ibid.
Susan J. Crockford, Thyroid rhythm phenotypes and hominid evolution: a new paradigm
implicates pulsatile hormone secretion in speciation and adaptation changes, in: Comparative
Biochemistry and Physiology Part A 135(2003) 105-129, 2002.
16 Simon Baron-Cohen, The Essential Difference - the truth about the male & female brain, Basic
Books, New York, New York, 2002.
14
15
9
Michael T. Hyson & Paradise (Star) Newland ~ Dolphins, Therapy & Autism ~ December 3, 2003
Careful evaluation of these matters should make the mechanisms clear. For the
moment, we know that mercury can be cleared from the body using chelating agents and
clathrates.
A remarkable story of success treating autism using diet and other alternative
measures is included as Appendix II. Their experience offers methods to explore what
anyone could do.
We also know dolphins often improve these conditions. Let’s investigate how they
accomplish their feats.
Models for Dolphin Assisted Therapy
I'm a scientist and I know what constitutes proof. The reason I call myself by my
childhood name is to remind myself that a scientist must also be absolutely like a
child. If he sees a thing, he must say that he sees it, whether it was what he thought
he was going to see. See first, think later, then test. Always see first. Otherwise you
will only see what you were expecting. Most scientists forget that. ... the other reason
I call myself Wonko the Sane is so that people will think I am a fool. That allows me
to say what I see when I see it. You can only be a scientist if you stop minding that
people think you're a fool. - Douglas Adams in So Long and Thanks for All the
Fish
Now we come to the crux of the matter of dolphin assisted therapy. Most reports
show at least some improvement of autistics. Some hug their parents for the first time; some
say their first words soon after dolphin contact. These cases and others show that dolphins
are capable of profoundly benefiting even severe conditions for which we have little to offer
from extant medical systems. Dolphins are complex creatures and our knowledge of them far
from complete.
The mystery is - What are the dolphins doing to effect these changes? In what
follows, I offer models of how dolphins affect our wellbeing and who the Cetacea, the
dolphins and whales, are on our planet.
Most people like dolphins. Most dolphins like people. Many people experience great
love from them. As a boy of 14, I found the dolphins accepted me as I was, with all my
warts, yet loved me and were very friendly. They knew and sensed many things about me
instantly. They knew my level of courage, my breath holding time, and my endurance levels.
We swam together and touched a lot. My main impression was one of love, play, happiness
and joy. The dolphins were the first sane beings I had ever met. The summer I lived with
them was a joyous time for me. We became great friends.
At a fundamental level, please recognize the extreme gentleness and restraint the
dolphins use in their approach to us. They have always, in my experience, been supremely
gentle with children. Lilly concluded that the single most important conclusion from his
work with the dolphins was that they had clear and consistent ethical behavior toward
10
Michael T. Hyson & Paradise (Star) Newland ~ Dolphins, Therapy & Autism ~ December 3, 2003
humans. Humans were always helped and treated with respect. I have found this to be true
with (only 1-3 exceptions out of many reports for the last 2500 years or so).
Over time with the dolphins, and later the whales, I came to feel they are beings from
a race far older and wiser than ours. Here is my personal summary regarding the dolphins
and the other Cetacea.
The sperm whale has the largest brain we know of, some 9600 grams vs. our 1350 or
so. They hunt giant squids in abyssal depths of at least 9,000 perhaps 12,000 feet for about
an hour’s dive. The dolphins are their human-scale relatives, with brain sizes of 1600 grams
or so, with 40% more association (thinking) areas than in our brain. They have larger shortterm memories than we do.17
The Cetacea are always awake. They are conscious breathers – this means that every
breath is a conscious act. Should a dolphin be knocked out, they will stop breathing and
must be artificially respirated. We, on the other hand, can be knocked out and breathe under
autonomic control. So the dolphins are always awake, either with one hemisphere of the
brain, while the other naps, or with both hemispheres. The dolphins, as determined by Lilly
and associates, have far more of their behaviors under conscious control than do we.
Dolphins can dive to 1000 feet, jump 25 feet out of the water, and precisely take a
fish from your mouth, stay down 20 minutes on one breath and swim 18 knots/hr sustained
with a top speed of about 35 knots. They have a built in, high power, sophisticated sonoelectric system that can do everything from stun food to perform the most delicate, focused,
targeted, gentle resonant therapy.
If our fossil dating is correct, dolphins and whales have been here with complete
sonar systems and brains equal to or larger than our own for at least 15 million years and
perhaps as long as 30 million years. For this vast time, something like three times our
evolutionary history as genus Homo (counting from genus Home, e.g. Homo habilis,
estimated at 5 million years or so)
The Cetacea are a planet-spanning culture with multiple species, communicating
across the globe, by acoustic and perhaps radio means, and communicating in an “open”
linguistic system with a trillion symbols to choose from.
Further, their senses are, in a word, broader band than ours. For example, their sound
interval discrimination ability is 10X better than a human. Their acoustic system brings in
data at something like 40X our own rate at over 10X our frequency range (maximum
frequency heard by humans, ~20,000 Hz; for the dolphin ~200,000 Hz or better).
So when I am in the water with a dolphin, I am faced with the humbling truth:
compared to the dolphin, I am almost blind, almost deaf, can hardly swim, have a smaller
brain, and a shorter evolutionary history!
Dolphin short term memory size is about 12 units; ours is 5 + or – 2, i.e. a maximum of 7 units (which is why
telephone numbers have 7 basic numbers).
17
11
Michael T. Hyson & Paradise (Star) Newland ~ Dolphins, Therapy & Autism ~ December 3, 2003
I feel I have learned more about their nature than most people on this planet, since
age 13 onward. I know many of the old Greek tales about dolphins are true because I have
lived them. I am a proud inheritor of the Lilly/ Truby/ Morgane/ Bateson/ Munson et alia
tradition of dolphin research.18 It is from this experience that I now write.
From a scientific point of view, consider this a “preliminary report” mainly
presenting observations suggesting connections with known data, and directions for further
study. I seek the truth, and I am always open to the truth, should anyone have better ideas or
corrections.
The Cetacea are increasingly coming to contact us. Certainly more humans than ever
before are aware of them and going to meet them and learn from them. Let us meet the
dolphins and other Cetacea with our finest. I know we will be richly benefited by what we
will learn, especially for our children. Call it their love that they share with us. It is their
gift, and I know it would bode well for the humans to recognize the magnitude of this gift
and respond in kind. Let us now consider some to the dolphin’s capabilities.
Empathy, Telepathy, Telempathy
Autistic people are “systemizing” and the dolphins show great empathy and care,
especially with children. Perhaps being around the strongly empathic dolphins helps balance
autistic patterns. We know that touch, affection and love can be deeply healing. Being with
the dolphins can be a deeply spiritual experience. Many of us that have been with dolphins
have experienced profound transformations.
In particular, many of us have experienced a strong connection and communication
with the dolphins that is best described as telepathic or telempathic. We have yet to know
how this works, yet it occurs with many of us. Patricia Saint-John met the dolphins and had
deep telepathic experiences with them. She was moved to work with autistic children based
on what she learned. She found that by being in the state of mind she had with the dolphins
she was able to telepathically contact autistic children and had much success in improving
their functioning and communication.19
It is important to evaluate these channels and consider them in any dolphin therapy,
even if they are beyond our consensus science. There are signs that science is catching up
with our experiences. Consistent physical models are possible for what might be otherwise
classed as “paranormal” events.20
18
In fond acknowledgement of Communication Research Institute including: John C. Lilly, M.D., Hank Truby
(linguist, acoustic phonetician, etc.), Peter Morgane (neuroanatomist), Gregory Bateson (biologist), George
Munson (Bell Labs Electronics Research) et. alia.
19
Patricia St. John. The Secret Language of Dolphins, New York Summit Books, 1991.
20
Elizabeth Raushcher & Russell Targ, The Speed of Thought: An investigation of a Complex Space-time
Metric to Describe Psychic Phenomena, Bay Research Institute, 1010 Harriet St., Palo Alto, Ca., 94301.
12
Michael T. Hyson & Paradise (Star) Newland ~ Dolphins, Therapy & Autism ~ December 3, 2003
Dolphins also produce acoustic and electromagnetic fields capable of causing effects
such as resonance and entrainment. We discuss these aspects below to develop models of
dolphin therapy mechanisms and capabilities.
Resonance
All systems have natural frequencies at which they prefer to vibrate. An external
energy of the proper frequency and with the proper timing or phase near a system’s natural
frequency will cause the system to vibrate with or resonate with the external energy. A
simple example is the common child's swing. To make a swing move in a larger arc, you
must push it at just the right time (phase) and this corresponds to the swing’s natural
frequency. Another example is two guitars. If a string on one guitar is plucked, the same
string on the other guitar will vibrate, even if the guitars are many feet apart. Systems driven
at resonance can absorb large amounts of energy. A soprano holding the resonant frequency
of a crystal glass can transfer enough vibrational energy to the glass that it shatters.
I was once swimming with Liberty Dolphin in Florida. In the murky water I
accidentally jammed my elbow into his blowhole area. I think it hurt him. He came around
in front of me, and at about 2 1/2 feet from my chest, began to put out a high intensity, fairly
low frequency sound, probably less than a thousand Hz. First, at low power, I could feel the
water vibrate. Then his power increased and I felt the water in front of my chest get warmer.
Then, Liberty increased power again and I felt my chest wall get warm. Then he changed
frequency and soon, all my chest hairs were vibrating - even in the water, so strongly that my
whole chest tickled with an intense buzz. Liberty stopped his sounds at this point. I had the
distinct impression that he was just showing me part of what he could do, something like:
"This is just a demonstration, I could do a lot more, I'm just warming up"
So dolphins are masters of resonance.
Entrainment
Entrainment can be defined as “ the tendency for two oscillating bodies to lock into
phase so that they vibrate in harmony. It is also defined as a synchronization of two
or more rhythmic cycles. The principle of entrainment is universal, appearing in
chemistry, pharmacology, biology, medicine, psychology, sociology, astronomy,
architecture and more” 21
When we are exposed to periodic signals, such as a sound, a light or electrical signals,
our bodies tend to track and match the core frequency and phase of the applied signals. For
example, if you look at a light blinking at about 4 Hz, your heart rate and EGG or "brain
waves" (electroencephalogram) will tend to match the rate of the light and shift more of
their energy toward 4 Hz. Entrainment causes systems to vibrate more in phase or move in
synchrony. If the phase of two oscillations match, the most energy will transfer between
them. Stephen Birch showed that entrainment of the human EEG occurred during and after
21
http://www.rifetechnologies.com/
13
Michael T. Hyson & Paradise (Star) Newland ~ Dolphins, Therapy & Autism ~ December 3, 2003
swims with free dolphins. The EEG of the human subjects reduced in frequency and
increased in power after swimming with free dolphins. 22
Dolphin Sounds
To better understand the sound capability of dolphins, it is useful to review a little of
their anatomy and their means of sound production. The drawing below is a tracing of the
midplane of a dolphin. Labeled areas: 1. Rostrum or “nose”; 2. External surface of the
melon; 3. Blowhole. The skull and upper jaw are black. The airway passes through the bony
nares (“nostrils”) anterior to the brain (B) in the skull. The food-way (F) starts in the mouth
and passes on each side of the airway (A) at the larynx. (After J. C. Lilly) 23
The palatine bones in front of the skull (left of A, above) form a parabolic sound
reflector behind the phonators. The naso-pharynges are located at the focus of this parabola.
Therefore, sounds from the phonators, reflected from the palatines, go forward as collimated
parallel beams. The sounds transit a structure called the melon, an oil-filled sack located at
the front of the dolphin’s head. The melon is, in part, an acoustic lens that focuses out-going
sounds. Four sound-producing naso-pharynges (also called “phonators”) are arranged in left
and right pairs below the blowhole, roughly at point A in the diagram above.
How dolphins make sounds
The naso-pharynges are similar to vocal cords with air sacs above and below them.
The dolphin apparently shuttles air between the top and bottom air sacs and past the nasopharnyges to make sounds. The diagram below shows roughly how sounds are made by the
dolphin: Inhaling - the blowhole is open and the air is sucked into the lungs (top drawing).
Vocalizing - the blowhole closed and air from the lungs is forced into an air sac near the top
22
Steven Birch, Dolphin-Human Interaction Effects, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia, 1997.
23
John C. Lilly, M.D., The Mind of the Dolphin, Doubleday & Co., 1967.
14
Michael T. Hyson & Paradise (Star) Newland ~ Dolphins, Therapy & Autism ~ December 3, 2003
to the head. As the air sac fills, the forehead swells (middle right drawings). Then the
dolphin closes the lip of the air sac and releases air back toward the lungs (bottom drawing).
The air sac lip (one of four naso-pharynges) then produces a sound (much like releasing air
from a balloon).
The sounds reflect off the palatine bones that form a parabolic reflector in front of
the air tract which collimates them through the melon (dashed line region) which then
focuses the sounds. The middle left drawing shows the deflated air sac. The dolphin may
then open the blowhole and refill the lungs or refill the air sac to make more sounds. (After
Joan Macintyre)24
Using their phonators, dolphins can produce high intensity sounds ranging in
frequency from about 500 Hz to at least 280 kHz (or perhaps as high as 1 MHz). Russian
work has measured the peak output power as some 235 dB, which means that dolphins are
capable of sound pulses of about 1 kW of acoustic power. Roughly, 1 kW is equal to 1
horsepower!
The 4 phonators or “vocal cords” are under exquisite and separate control. One
dolphin can make at least 4 simultaneous sounds that are all different, for example, 4 click
tracks, 4 whistles, or any combination of clicks and whistles. This is illustrated in the figure
below.
24
Joan McIntyre, Mind in the Waters, Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1974.
15
Michael T. Hyson & Paradise (Star) Newland ~ Dolphins, Therapy & Autism ~ December 3, 2003
Operation of three sound generators:
A) All generators working in the tonal regime; B) All generators working in the pulse
regime; C) Different versions of combined signals; Vertical Axis- Frequency;
Horizontal axis – Time (After Markov & Ostrovskaya) 25
The figure shows a sonagram or “voiceprint” of sounds made by a Bottlenosed
dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) showing the simultaneous production of three separate sounds.
The darkness of the graph is proportional to sound power. Clicks appear as vertical lines and
whistles as more horizontal traces. As you can see, the signals are complex.
Dolphins have a fifth sound channel with a frequency of 130KHz. It is a high
intensity, narrow beam directed by the teeth acting as a wave-guide, like an acoustic Yagi
antenna. It is likely used for “private” communication at short ranges. We have yet to fully
understand how this sound is made.
Phase Control, Sound Aiming and Sound Cancellation
If the peaks and valleys of two signals coincide, they are said to be "in phase". Two
signals in phase will reinforce each other and their power will add; two signals exactly out of
phase will cancel. Dolphins control the phase of their sounds. Lilly showed how dolphins
use phase to steer their sound beams. Microphones were placed on either side of the
blowhole of a dolphin. At times only one microphone picked up sound while the other
showed zero signal. This means that the dolphin was making at least two sounds such that,
say, sounds to the left were cancelled out, while sounds to the right were reinforced, and
vice-versa. The same principle is used in phased array sonars and radars. Thereby the
dolphins can aim their sounds with the head still.
25
Vladimir I. Markov and Vera M. Ostrovskaya, Organization Of Communication System In Tursiops
Truncatus Montague See: http://www.dauphinlibre.be/markovhtm.pdf
16
Michael T. Hyson & Paradise (Star) Newland ~ Dolphins, Therapy & Autism ~ December 3, 2003
The figure below shows a dolphin making separate simultaneous sounds on the left
and right. Sometimes the microphones (placed about 6 inches apart on either side of the
blowhole) picked up sounds only on the left or right (the instances of vertical or horizontal
patterns). The dolphin was generating an anti-phase sound that actively cancelled out
sounds on the “quiet” side.
Dolphin Sound Production on the Right and the Left Side
Hydrophones were placed on each side of the dolphin's blowhole (as shown). Sounds
from the right side deflected an oscilloscope trace horizontally and sounds from the
left side deflected the trace vertically. The figure shows photographs taken during
sound production. If the dolphin clicked only on the left, one sees only a vertical
trace. Clicks on the right form horizontal traces and similarly for whistles on each
side. Whistles coupled between both sides form complex ellipses on the screen. In a
given click train, the dolphin may control the clicks such that the ellipse patterns shift
their axes. [Capital "S" means stereo, i.e., sound linked on the two sides and "D"
means “double" (or separated) sound production on the two sides without coupling.]
(After J. C. Lilly) 26
Another time Lilly picked up a whistle as recorded by one hydrophone (underwater
microphone) that appeared to be made by one dolphin. However the same signal was picked
up by a second hydrophone. Analysis showed the whistle was made by two dolphins. One
made the first part of the whistle and the second finished it. The transition between the two
dolphins was smooth and in phase! This demonstrates exquisite phase control and phase
locking among dolphins.
So the dolphins, singly and in pods are masters of phase control.
What can a dolphin do with these sounds?
Dolphins use high intensity sound pulses to stun fish and other prey. If their 1KW of
acoustic power were focused to a small point, the water would turn to steam, causing
26
J. C. Lilly) Stereophonation & Double Phonation in the Dolphin [manuscript, 1966].
17
Michael T. Hyson & Paradise (Star) Newland ~ Dolphins, Therapy & Autism ~ December 3, 2003
cavitation. This level of acoustic power focused on a fish could easily stun or kill it.
Dolphin sounds are loud enough to allow communication over a range of at least 36 miles.
When dolphins use their sonar, they direct sounds toward a target and receive the
returning echoes with their ears. The dolphin may perceive an echo “image” showing
density differences in the target, be it a fish or a human body. For example, gas bubbles in
the stomach reflect sound strongly, while soft tissues with densities near water are largely
“transparent” to the sounds. Bones, being denser than water, also reflect strongly.
Therefore, the dolphin may have a sort of “acoustic X-ray image” of us in the water, much
like the images formed using medical ultrasound.
At frequencies of 280 kHz to 1 MHz, dolphins are able to sense quite small features,
perhaps with resolutions under a millimeter. We know that they can detect and retrieve a
2mm diameter “BB” shot dropped in the water at a range of 70 feet. Dolphins could also
focus sounds into spots under a millimeter. With 4-5 separate sound sources, use of other
techniques like acoustic interferometry are possible.
Dolphins produce what are called semi-coherent acoustic waves where a sound’s
wavefronts are “in step” or “in phase” and therefore are, roughly, like an acoustic “laser”. As
we saw they can steer their sounds using techniques akin to phased array sonars and maintain
phase coupling among two or more dolphins.
Dolphins could use what is called “time reversed acoustics”. In this technique,
incoming sounds are recorded at several points and then played out in reverse to send an
amplified sound directly back to its source. Such techniques have been used to break up
kidney stones using what is called a self-focusing lithotryptor.27
From the dolphin anatomy and sound capability, I conclude they are capable of many
such feats. Consider the complexity of the 3-D sound fields the dolphins could create in
groups with each dolphin producing four sounds each, while maintaining tight phase locking
among themselves. With four phonators plus a 130 kilohertz signal from the jaw, dolphins
can focus their sounds into small areas at high powers. They can, in principal, break kidney
stones, remove bone spurs, cause cavitation in small regions, etc.
Vortex Ring Production
As one example of dolphin expertise, consider their
bubble rings. Dolphins blow bubble rings, then make them
larger or smaller (from about the thickness of a straw to 1 to 2
feet in diameter). The rings stay submerged instead of rising
to the surface! Dolphins play with the rings - moving them
around with their rostrum, bouncing the rings off a wall, or
elongating them with a flick of their dorsal fins into 15 foot
spirals.
27
Mathias Fink, Time-Reversed Acoustics, Scientific American, November 1999.
18
Michael T. Hyson & Paradise (Star) Newland ~ Dolphins, Therapy & Autism ~ December 3, 2003
Doing all this requires direct and active control of the vortex rings through sound.
Otherwise, the rings would rapidly break up and disperse or float to the surface.28
Vortex rings can be formed in water and can contain and transport acoustic energy for
long distances rapidly. Such vortexes could account for the tightly focused, powerful sounds
the dolphins use.
Human High Frequency Saccule Perception
We recently learned the surprising capability of the saccula, part of our vestibular
system, having primarily to do with balance. It is now demonstrated that the saccula
responds to sound frequencies of up to 250 kHz, giving us direct perception of ultrasound
well into the dolphin range. Our ordinary frequency limit of hearing through the ears is
about 20 kHz. It can be shown that people can discriminate high frequency sounds with the
saccula and “feel” the sounds. We have yet to learn what specific physiological effects this
might have.29
Ultrasound, Sonochemistry & Sonoluminescence
The high frequency sounds made by dolphins can cause the same effects as medical
ultrasound, such as microbubble formation and cavitation. A bubble is a cavity and the
collapse of a bubble can heat the steam inside it to some 6000 degrees Fahrenheit (near the
surface temperature of the sun!). At such temperatures novel chemical reactions occur called
sonochemistry.
The chemical effects of ultrasound, sonochemistry and sonoluminescence arise from
acoustic cavitation: the formation, growth, and implosive collapse of bubbles in a
liquid. Cavitational collapse produces intense local heating (~5000 K), high
pressures (~1000 atm), and enormous heating and cooling rates (>10 9 K/sec).
Acoustic cavitation provides a unique interaction of energy and matter, and
ultrasonic irradiation of liquids causes high energy chemical reactions to occur,
often accompanied by the emission of light… Thus, cavitation can create
extraordinary physical and chemical conditions in otherwise cold liquids.30
Through these mechanisms, ultrasound causes improved healing of bone fractures
and non-unions and improves healing soft tissue injuries etc. Ultrasound can affect cell
membranes, and chemistry and even alter gene expression.
…exposure of cells to therapeutic ultrasound under nonthermal conditions modifies
cellular functions…[can] modulate membrane properties, alter cellular
28
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMCf7SNUb-Q
29
G. Patrick Flanagan, FlanTech, Personal Communication
30
Suslick, K. S.; Didenko, Y.; Fang, M. M.; Hyeon, T.; Kolbeck, K. J.; McNamara, W. B. III; Mdleleni, M. M.;
Wong, M., Acoustic Cavitation and Its Chemical Consequences, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London A, 1999, 357,
335-353.
19
Michael T. Hyson & Paradise (Star) Newland ~ Dolphins, Therapy & Autism ~ December 3, 2003
proliferation, and produce increases in proteins associated with inflammation and
injury repair. … these data suggest that nonthermal effects of therapeutic ultrasound
can modify the inflammatory response. Exposure to … therapeutic doses of US
…alter[ed] the expression of both the ALP and OP genes … in osteoblast-like cells.
The two highest doses showed that ALP and OP expression were clearly upregulated, particularly ALP, whereas at the lowest dose of 120 mW/cm2, the OP gene
was down-regulated.
…recent reports demonstrat[e] that ultrasound affects enzyme activity and possibly
gene regulation [We]…present a probable molecular mechanism of ultrasound's
nonthermal therapeutic action. The frequency resonance hypothesis describes
possible biological mechanisms that may alter protein function. [By] absorption of
ultrasonic may…modify…[a protein’s] 3-dimensional structure …and alter [its]
functional activity. Second, the resonance or shearing [caused by] the wave …may
dissociate a multimolecular complex, thereby disrupting the complex's function. 31
Acoustic Control of DNA
J. Harle & J. C. Knowles show that different power levels of ultrasound (US) can
change gene expression in osteoblasts (bone forming cells). 32 They state in part:
Ultrasound …is commonly used [to] aid …injury to soft connective tissues and for
fracture healing. However, the precise effects of therapeutic US on tissue …are not
clearly understood although they are likely to involve changes in key cellular
functions. The …study …examined the effects of …US on the activity of two boneassociated proteins, alkalinephosphatase (ALP) and osteopontin (OP)… ALP showed
progressively higher expression with increasing US intensities, whereas …show[ed]
down-regulation at 120 mW/cm2, the lowest US exposure. …ALP and OP clearly
exhibited gene-specific response profiles. These findings suggest that …US exposure
could …improve repair and regeneration processes…
Ultrasound is known to do the following:
[1]. Improve healing rates and tissue strength.
[2] Benefit soft tissue wound sites and the elbow joint.
[3] US treatment of hard tissue injuries, such as bone fractures, [show] …markedly
improved healing rates … (approximately 30±40%) while animal studies [show]
enhanced fracture healing …improved rates of bone regeneration and …suggest
…the use of US to enhance tissue repair and regeneration …it is possible that US
exposure …may modulate gene transcription processes, perhaps by a mechanotransduction pathway…
So effects similar to those seen with dolphins occur with medical ultrasound. We
infer that dolphins, with intelligent and precise control of sound could accomplish similar or
greater feats.
31
Lennart D. Johns, Nonthermal Effects of Therapeutic Ultrasound: The Frequency Resonance Hypothesis, J
Athl. Train. 2002 September; 37 (3): 293–299
32
J. Harle & J. C. Knowles Effects Of Therapeutic Ultrasound On Osteoblast Gene Expression, Journal of
Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 12 (2001).
20
Michael T. Hyson & Paradise (Star) Newland ~ Dolphins, Therapy & Autism ~ December 3, 2003
It is worth noting observations of sonoluminescence where a strange blue light comes
from breaking bubbles acoustically stimulated at about 30 kHz. This light has a unique
spectrum and some investigators report nuclear “cold” fusion events occur in the vibrating
bubble. I therefore speculate, along with physicist Tony Smith 33, that the dolphins may even
be able to generate fusion events!
Piezoelectricity and the Effects of Electrical Signals on the Body
Key to our next discussion is the piezoelectric effect. To illustrate, if a quartz crystal
is bent, it will produce an electric charge. Quartz is piezoelectric. In phonographs, a quartz
crystal needle rides in the groove of a phonograph record. As the record turns, the groove,
cut according to the recorded sound, bends the quartz crystal needle back and forth. This
creates electrical signals that are amplified into the sounds we hear. The piezoelectric effect
works the other way as well: if an electric charge is placed across the quartz crystal, it bends.
This aspect is used in current smoke alarms, where a piezoelectric speaker is used. Electrical
energy causes the crystal in the speaker to deform rapidly and create the alarm’s sound.
Some 60% our bodies are piezoelectric, especially bone. Bone is a many-layered
sandwich of hydroxyapatite (a form of calcium carbonate) and a protein collagen. Both are
piezoelectric, but of opposite sign. That is, if bending a hydroxyapatite crystal causes a
plus/minus charge; collagen bent in the same way would generate a minus/plus charge.
So, bone, when bent, creates electrical currents. The bone forming cells, osteocytes,
follow these currents. When bone is stressed it creates electrical charges which signal the
osteocytes to thicken the bone where there is more load or remove bone where there is less
load, automatically shaping our bones to match the stress on them.
Similar low frequency electrical currents in the body cause many effects, including
directing the pioneer fibers of neurons, causing changes in reaction times or circadian
rhythms, and even inducing limb regeneration as documented by Cyril Smith 34 and Robert
O. Becker, M.D.35
Dolphin’s sounds vibrate our bodies and create piezoelectric currents. A key point to
remember is that internally and externally generated electromagnetic signals are the same at
the cellular level; cells respond in the same way.
So dolphin sounds, through their direct acoustic effects of the micro-currents
generated by the acoustic vibration of our piezoelectric tissues, especially bone, can
clearly cause changes similar to ones already observed in electromedicine and
ultrasound therapy.
33
http://www.valdostamuseum.org/hamsmith/TShome.html
34
Cyril Smith & Simon Best, Electromagnetic Man: Health and Hazard in the Electrical Environment,
Macmillan, 1989.
35
Robert O. Becker, M.D., Selden, G., The Body Electric, Morrow, New York, 1985.
21
Michael T. Hyson & Paradise (Star) Newland ~ Dolphins, Therapy & Autism ~ December 3, 2003
Cyril Smith36 found that low power electromagnetic signals of the proper frequency
can improve allergic reactions, among other things. He found a correspondence between the
effects of herbal and homeopathic treatments and electromagnetic frequencies such that the
proper electrical frequency had the same effect as the physical remedy!
We know that electromagnetic fields at the proper frequencies resonate with specific
biological structures. Royal Raymond Rife and his intellectual descendants have found
frequencies that resonate with and destroy pathogens. To understand how this works, we
must briefly explain nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).
If one stimulates molecules, crystals or tissues with EM fields (usually in radio
frequencies, “RF”) while holding them in strong, steady magnetic fields, one finds
frequencies at which protons absorb the RF strongly and spin rapidly. The resonant
frequencies differ for protons in water or in fatty tissue, for example.
Protons absorb electromagnetic energy only at specific combinations of radio
frequency and magnetic field – the point of nuclear magnetic resonance. For example, in a
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system, a person is placed in a strong magnetic field to
"lock" the protons in place. Then a radio signal is scanned through many frequencies to find
the NMR spectrum. Using computer processing, detailed images of the body, brain and other
tissues are created that reflect differences in tissue chemistry. One can even detect specific
elements, such as calcium.
Paramecium undergoing electroporation from a 1150 Hz EM signal
As Rife and others found, some frequencies can disrupt cell structures. Above we see
36
Smith & Best, op cit.
22
Michael T. Hyson & Paradise (Star) Newland ~ Dolphins, Therapy & Autism ~ December 3, 2003
a Paramecium caudatum, a single celled animal, undergoing evisceration, electroporation,
and disintegration when exposed to a 1150 Hz AC field from a Rife/Bare plasma device.37
What determines the effective frequency is the 0.5 Gauss magnetic field of the Earth. If we
include the Earth’s magnetic field in our consideration, we find that the NMR frequencies are
lower and that even a 1050 Hz signal is at the NMR frequency for key elements in the cell
wall of the Paramecium.
Another effect similar to electroporation is known as Voltage Dependent Ion Gating
(VDIG). Ion channels in the cell open in the presence of an external voltage. By creating a
charge differential at cell walls, Rife generators and other electromedicine devices can give
pain relief, cause relaxation or stimulation. VDIG occurs at an electrical field of only 1/10
the intensity necessary to produce electroporation and is thought to produce a flow of ions,
like calcium, potassium, and sodium, across the cell wall.
The above discussion shows that resonances occur which can disrupt cell membranes
and the frequencies are well within a dolphin’s frequency range and as we shall see, dolphins
can create electomagnetic fields that can cause effects identical to those seen above and in
electromedicine in general.
While the examples given have to do with resonances that kill cells, we also know
from the work of Robert Beck38, Robert O. Becker, Royal Raymond Rife, and Cyril Smith, et
alia, there are many frequencies that heal and promote well being, and can even cause limb
regeneration in mammals. There is a vast landscape to explore here.
Dolphin Electromagnetic Effects
The dolphin effects go beyond sound alone and piezoelectric effects. Dean Rollings
and Eldon Byrd discovered that the dolphin melon is piezoelectric. Sonic excitation of the
melon will therefore create electromagnetic fields. The melon in a dolphin contains perhaps
one-quarter gallon of a special oil called valproic acid. Because of its large volume, the
melon could produce quite powerful electromagnetic fields, especially when vibrated by
about 1 kW of acoustic power. Assuming a conversion efficiency of about 10%, the peak
electromagnetic field generated by the melon would be on the order of 100 Watts. So
dolphins are radio transmitters.39
Dr. Byrd measured electromagnetic, magnetic and electrostatic fields made by the
dolphins. He measured EM fields while the dolphins were swimming with people and found
EM fields in the same frequency band of our EEG or “brain waves”. He felt they were
attempting to communicate with us in the EEG band.
Our human sensitivity limits to electric and magnetic fields are about seven picowatts
electric and 1 milligauss magnetic. Biologically significant events are affected even at these
tiny levels. For example, changes of respiration, reaction time, navigation in birds, growth
37
38
www.rifetechnologies.com/
http://www.quantumbalancing.com/who.htm
39
Eldon Byrd, The "Hello, Dolphin" Project, International Symposium on Dolphin Assisted Therapy, Melia
Turquesa Hotel, Cancun, Mexico September 8-10, 1995
23
Michael T. Hyson & Paradise (Star) Newland ~ Dolphins, Therapy & Autism ~ December 3, 2003
and direction of nerve cell pioneer fibers and changes in circadian rhythms occur at gradients
of 1-2 volts per meter and about 1-3 milligauss magnetic.
The electromagnetic fields produced by dolphins are sufficient to affect our biology
and could even deliver a sizable shock! This opens many possible mechanisms that we can
only cover briefly here. Dolphins generate fields similar to those found effective in
electromedicine, such as extremely low frequency (ELF) fields, and can cause effects similar
to Rife generators or similar devices.
Changing Gene Expression
The acoustic and electromagnetic fields of the dolphins may change our gene
expression. The best models for the operation of DNA are based on Irene Cosic’s resonant
model of biomolecular recognition.40 According to this model, control of DNA is done by
sound, light and EM resonances. This is key to dolphins’ effect on our wellbeing.
Active or “puffed” DNA (that DNA which is being read or used) is in resonant
coupling with the protein or products being produced. This suggests that the entire cell is
under tight light and sound-based resonant signals. Further, phonon or sound energy in the
DNA sets up standing waves along the DNA - a musical chord - that determines what areas
of the DNA become active or are “turned off”. DNA absorbs in acoustic, magnetic,
electromagnetic (microwave) and visible light bands. Should all this be so (and this whole
field in great flux) we surmise that electrical, magnetic, acoustic and light energy all affect
the state of DNA in complex ways. (See also Appendix IV.)
We explore below the control of DNA by microwave and sound and relate this to
dolphin capabilities.
Microwave Control of DNA
In 1987, Dr. Ross Adey, M.D., then at Loma Linda University in southern California,
told me that particular frequencies of microwaves, pulsed at rather low rates could change
brain state. For example, a signal consisting of 150 MHz microwave pulsed at 10 cycles per
second will change calcium levels in isolated brain slices plus or minus some 20% or more.
These results were obtained about 1970. Dr. Adey went on to discover that there are
combinations of frequency and pulse rate that will trigger "oncogenes”.
Oncogenes are genes in our chromosomes which, when triggered, cause cells to
become cancerous. Dr. Adey said proper EM signals could trigger ANY gene.41 Therefore,
the sound and electromagnetic field around DNA determines, in part, its pattern of gene
expression. For this to occur, DNA must absorb and radiate energy in these bands and we
know DNA absorbs and emits sound, light, other electromagnetic frequencies. Adey’s work
40
Birch, S. & Cosic, I., Expansion of the Resonant Recognition Model to Incorporate Multi-variable
Analysis, Australian Physical & Engineering Sciences in Medicine 18(4) 1-12.
41
Ross Adey, Personal Communication
24
Michael T. Hyson & Paradise (Star) Newland ~ Dolphins, Therapy & Autism ~ December 3, 2003
shows that these bio-photons and phonons (a quantum unit of sound) can change gene
expression.
Dolphin sounds can affect the DNA directly and by piezoelectric effects generate
micro-currents in our bodies, so dolphins may be capable of regulating aspects of our gene
expression.
Changing the Structure of Water
Dr. James Clegg, University of Miami, (who studied the structure of water in cells)
showed that all proteins, chromosomes, etc, in cells have a layer of bound water about 10
molecules thick. Therefore, when an enzyme reacts with a substrate, the only substance that
actually touches the substrate molecule is water. Since other substances in the cell are also
coated with packed water, the chemical reactions in the cell are mostly interactions of shaped
layers of water molecules.
Clegg found that water in our cells is similar to a semiconductor, virtually solid, and
usually bound to a surface, except where ongoing chemical reactions occur and even there,
only a few molecules at a time are involved.42 The structured or packed water in cells is stiff
and approximates the qualities of water ice. Structured water has clusters and long strings of
ordered molecules that conduct electricity more easily.
Any water we drink must be conditioned to match our blood's surface tension of 42
dynes/cm. Structuring water lowers surface tension (to at least 68 dynes/cm^2 versus
distilled water at 72 dynes/cm^2) and has an effect on the water similar to adding soap.
Substances dissolve more easily in water with lower surface tension. Boiling water, for
example, has a surface tension of about 68 dynes/cm and easily dissolves many things.
Structured water at room temperature with 68 dynes/cm surface tension has the same
"dissolving power" as boiling water! Therefore, drinking structured water allows the body to
"wash" itself more effectively.
The water in the areas where people have the longest life spans all share
characteristics like lowered surface tension indicative of being structured.43 For example,
the Hunza mountain water has a surface tension of some 68 dynes/cm.44
According to Igor Smirnov (who works with structured water, in part, as a way to
improve the health of people exposed to Chernobyl) the nucleus of the cell has two layers of
membrane which makes it difficult to introduce agents to modify, say, gene expression. Yet,
structured water easily reaches the nucleus and can carry information and change the gene
state.45
42
James Clegg, University of Miami, 1973, Personal Communication
43
G. Pat Flanagan, Flantech, Scottsdale, Arizona.
44
Flanagan, ibid.
45
Igor Smirnov, www.elixer-health.com/mret/mret_mretr.htm
25
Michael T. Hyson & Paradise (Star) Newland ~ Dolphins, Therapy & Autism ~ December 3, 2003
Structured water packs along the DNA backbone and forms the tensile part of the
DNA structure. The molecules themselves are compressive members. Thus the structure of
DNA is like Buckminster Fuller’s tensegrity mast, in which tensile and compressive forces
are balanced. Such structures are flexible. The state of each part affects the whole. If you
play with a tensegrity mast you find that any change in the tension of any of the cables will
twist or bend the whole mast. Tensions and lengths must be balanced for the mast to be
straight. Similarly, the packing of water in DNA is important to maintaining its proper
shape.
DNA and its protein scaffold assume many information-carrying shapes. We know
that acoustic and electromagnetic fields change the structure of water and this in turn changes
the DNA. EM and acoustic fields in the range of 0-30 Hz can structure water. One of the
best signals mimics the geomagnetic field.46 Steven Birch found the average frequency of
sound emitted by dolphins when swimming with people was 26 Hz, an effective frequency
for structuring water.
Effects of Structured Water
Structured water can encode patterns. We know this from the work of Cyril Smith.
Briefly, Smith found frequencies, idiosyncratic to each patient, which would improve their
allergic symptoms. Simply holding a vial of water that has been exposed to "calming"
frequencies would damp their allergic reactions. The water in the vials was exposed to very
low power electrical fields in the Extreme Low Frequency (ELF) range (below ~1000 Hz).
He showed that water so exposed had measurably different light absorption spectra,
especially in the UV range. This shows that a pattern was impressed on the water that was
maintained, or “remembered” by the water. So, when we can impress water with the correct
patterns, it can enter the cell nucleus, affecting the packed water around the DNA and change
its state leading to different patterns of gene expression.
Overall Summary
We now see that sound and electromagnetic fields can change gene expression and
water structure. We have determined that the proper EM and perhaps acoustic frequency can
trigger any gene. We have seen how the packing of water affects the DNA. We further see
that the dolphin’s sound and electromagnetic fields are well suited to cause such effects.
We now know the dolphins can cause micro-bubbles in tissues with their ultrasound
signals and likely speed bone break healing.
There exists experimental data that unifies the effects we have been exploring.
Berkshire Labs (Appendix IV.) has shown, among other things, that acoustic and
electromagnetic fields can profoundly alter chemistry. They have found, for example, that
the effects of a platinum catalyst can be duplicated by introduction of only the energy
46
Igor Smirnov, Personal Communication, 2002
26
Michael T. Hyson & Paradise (Star) Newland ~ Dolphins, Therapy & Autism ~ December 3, 2003
spectrum of the platinum! This suggests that energy fields are paramount, superceding mere
matter.
Dr. Stephen Birch has demonstrated that free dolphins swimming with people
generate a fundamental tone on average of about 26 Hz. This can cause a piezoelectric effect
in our bodies which can cause a cascade of effects that lowers the frequency of the
electroencephalogram and increases its power. This is consistent with his model and
indicates an increase in the levels of endorphins. We would also suggest that compounds
new to us may be released as well. We propose to call them EnDolphins as coined by Star
Newland.
Dr.Birch developed an electro-acoustic-endorphin model consistent with his results.
To quote from the abstract of his thesis "Dolphin-Human Interaction Effects:
Dolphin assisted therapeutic effects include alleviation of pain in spinal
patients, improved learning in neurologically impaired children and
alleviation of depression." Some of these effects are specifically neurological,
for example: "Following dolphin contact, noticeable changes in subject EEG
activity are observed. These are characterized by a decrease in frequency and
an increase in amplitude, with some evidence of hemispheric synchronization.
In this study, 85% of subjects displayed these modifications following dolphin
contact, these findings correlate with findings by other research groups. A
hormonal mechanism has been postulated... which cause[s] analgesia,
improved learning and potentiate[s] psychological self-reward mechanisms.
His overall model of dolphin-human interactions is summarized the figure on the
previous page. There is a vast territory to be explored here. We see that dolphin therapy has
the potential to improve many conditions.
The dolphins can likely do the following:





Change body structures with tightly focused, high-power "beams"
Change brain states
Stimulate the saccula up to frequencies of 250 kHz
Stimulate the entire body causing acoustic and electrical effects
Create electromagnetic fields and thereby change things such as calcium
levels, reaction times, circadian rhythms and gene expression.
Dolphins can closely observe our internal structures, with their sonar and then focus
their sounds and electromagnetic fields to specific locations or immerse the whole body in a
myriad of electromagnetic, magnetic, and electrostatic fields corresponding to their sounds
created either singly or in pods.
So we find that dolphins have at least the following therapeutic modalities:


Dolphin sounds have direct acoustic effects
Electromagnetic fields generated by the dolphin melon
27
Michael T. Hyson & Paradise (Star) Newland ~ Dolphins, Therapy & Autism ~ December 3, 2003

Micro-currents generated by the dolphin sounds vibrating of our body’s
piezoelectric tissues, especially bone
Imagine the fields a pod of 20 or more dolphins might create with all of them singing
their songs with up to 5 unique sounds each, all of it blended into a harmonious and in phase
symphony, with their electromagnetics combined with their acoustic fields, all changing
dynamically with the pod’s underwater ballet. A milieu of such richness can easily duplicate
and surely go far beyond current ultrasound therapy and electromedicine. The dolphins have
yet to show us all they know. Their potential goes beyond what we have observed. Some of
these are summarized in the figure below.
So we come to the end of the beginning of our tale. Dolphins can change us in many
ways, through their love, joy, empathy, and touch, or produce sharply focused, precisely
targeted, high-intensity sound and ultrasound capable of changing bones and joints,
resonating specific structures, entraining brain waves and the heart. Through
piezoelectricity, electromagnetic fields are generated that can affect tissues, neurons,
behaviors like circadian rhythms and, ultimately, gene expression. These results correspond
with known effects of ultrasound and electromedicine.
The dolphins are masters of all these realms and more yet to be realized.
28
Michael T. Hyson & Paradise (Star) Newland ~ Dolphins, Therapy & Autism ~ December 3, 2003
Dolphin sounds vibrate our bodies, creating piezoelectric micro-currents resulting in
a cascade of events that cause release of endorphins [and EnDolphins] which reduce
pain, increase learning, reduce EEG frequency and increase EEG power. (After
Birch 1997) 47
The Future
47
Steven Birch, Ph.D., Dolphin-Human Interaction Effects, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia, 1997.
29
Michael T. Hyson & Paradise (Star) Newland ~ Dolphins, Therapy & Autism ~ December 3, 2003
Unless we put medical freedom into the Constitution, the time will come when
medicine will organize into an undercover dictatorship to restrict the art of healing
to one class of men and deny equal privileges to others: The Constitution of this
Republic should make a special privilege for medical freedom as well as religious
freedom. - Dr. Benjamin Rush, signer of the Declaration of Independence
With increased experience, knowledge, better communication and communion with
the dolphins, therapeutic results will improve and expand. We need a Dolphin-Human
Habitat where we are free to explore all this together with free dolphins that choose to be
with us. I feel current DAT is too structured and mainly uses dolphins as “rewards” in
behavioral modification programs. This minimizes the time clients have in the water with
the dolphins and forces the dolphins to perform stereotypical behaviors on cue. This
minimizes the chance the dolphins can apply the capabilities we have reviewed here.
Dolphin therapy is best approached by letting the clients become friends with the
dolphins and to permit this, one should allow as much time as possible in the water with them
over as many days as possible. There should be more study of the acoustic and electrical
environment produced by the dolphins as part of the therapy and interaction. This will move
us to an era of documented results and eventually to extensive interaction with M.D.’s
(Medical Dolphins).
Some of our progress is currently hampered by laws based on obsolete views of the
Cetacea that still consider them lowly animals. This currently leads to whaling, destructive
fishing practices, military operations that threaten the Cetacea and an overall lack of concern
for their home, the waters of the Earth. In reality the Cetacea are members of a vast, ancient
culture that have been and are always offering us their assistance. We have only to realize
this, respect the Cetacea and rejoin our age-old partnership. It is we who must remember our
connection with the waters of the planet and their loving inhabitants.
For the benefit of all of us, especially the children, let us go to the essence of the
Cetacea, learn to communicate fluently, then the humans, dolphins and whales can move
forward together as co-species, in mutual love and respect and joy, as we have done for eons
before.
In the spirit of Aloha,
Michael T. Hyson, Ph.D.
Research Director
Paradise (Star) Newland
Founding Partner
Sirius Institute
Puna, Hawai’i
November 23, 2003 (Updated July 23, 2011)
30
Michael T. Hyson & Paradise (Star) Newland ~ Dolphins, Therapy & Autism ~ December 3, 2003
REFERENCES
Adey, Ross W., Spectral Analysis of Low Frequency Components in the Electrical Activity of the Hippocampus
During Learning, Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, Vol. 23, 1967.
________, The Influences of Impressed Electrical Fields at EEG Frequencies on Brain and Behaviour, in
Behaviour and Brain Electrical Activity (N. Burch and H. I. Altshuler, eds.), Plenum Press, 1975.
________, Effects of Modulated Very High Frequency Fields on Specific Brain Rhythms in Cats, Brain
Research, Vol. 58, 1978.
________, Neurophysiologic Effects of Radiofrequency and Microwave Radiation, Bulletin of the New York
Academy of Medicine, Vol. 55, no. 11, December 1979.
Autism-Mercury.com ( http://www.autism-mercury.com/ )
Batteau, D. W., P. R. Markey, Man/Dolphin Communication Final Report, Naval Ocean Systems Center San
Diego, 1967.
Beck, Robert, www.bioelectric.ws/eng/beck.htm or http://www.quantumbalancing.com/who.htm
Becker, Robert O., M.D., Selden, G., The Body Electric, Morrow, New York, 1985.
Birch, Steven, Ph.D., Dolphin-Human Interaction Effects, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia, 1997.
Birch, S. & Cosic, I., Expansion of the Resonant Recognition Model to Incorporate Multi-variable Analysis,
Australian Physical & Engineering Sciences in Medicine 18(4) 1-12.
Byrd, Eldon, The "Hello, Dolphin" Project, International Symposium on Dolphin Assisted Therapy, Melia
Turquesa Hotel, Cancun, Mexico September 8-10, 1995.
Cochrane, Amanda and Callen, Karena, Dolphins and their Power to Heal, Bloomsbury, 1992.
Crockford, Susan J., Thyroid rhythm phenotypes and homonid evolution: a new paradigm implicates pulsatile
hormone secretion in speciation and adaptation changes, in: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part
A 135105-129 (2003).
Crockford, Susan J., Commentary: Thyroid Hormone in Neanderthal Evolution: A Natural or Pathological
Role?, Geographical Review Vol. 92, No 1, January 2002.
Baron-Cohen, Simon, The Essential Difference - the truth about the male & female brain, Basic Books, New
York, New York, 2002.
Elliman, Wendy, Dolphin therapy improves cognitive and emotional development in disabled children – with
impressive results, Israel Magazine-On-Web: January 1999.
Fink, Mathias, Time-Reversed Acoustics Scientific American November 1999.
Griffin, D. R. 1976 The Question of Animal Awareness: Evolutionary Conduit of Mental Experience, The
Rockefeller University Press New York.
Harle, J., Knowles, J. C., Effects Of Therapeutic Ultrasound On Osteoblast Gene Expression, Journal of
Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 12 (2001).
Johns, Lennart D., Nonthermal Effects of Therapeutic Ultrasound: The Frequency Resonance Hypothesis, J.
Athl. Train. September, 37 (3): 293–299, 2002.
31
Michael T. Hyson & Paradise (Star) Newland ~ Dolphins, Therapy & Autism ~ December 3, 2003
Herman, L. M., D. G. Richards and J. P. Woltz, Comprehension of sentences by bottlenosed dolphins,
Cognition (16) 129-219, 1984.
Lilly, John C., M.D., Man and Dolphin, Doubleday & Co., 1961.
___________, The Mind of the Dolphin, Doubleday & Co., 1967.
___________, Vocal mimicry in Tursiops: Ability to match numbers and durations of human vocal bursts.
Science, 300-301 (1965).
___________, Communication Between Man & Dolphin, New York: Crown Publishers, Inc., 1978.
___________, Lilly on Dolphins – humans of the sea, Anchor Books, Doubleday, New York, 1975.
Markov, Vladimir I. and Ostrovskaya, Vera M., Organisation Of Communication System In Tursiops
Truncatus Montague, A. N. Severtsov Institute of Evolutionary Morphology and Ecology of Animals, USSR
Academy of Sciences, 33 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 117071, USSR. From Sensory Abilities of Cetaceans:
Laboratory and Field Evidence, Edited by Jeanette A. Thomas and Ronald Kastelein (Harderwijck
Dolfinarium), NATO ASI Series, Series A: Life sciences Vol.196.
http://www.dauphinlibre.be/markovhtm.pdf
Marten, Ken and Psarakos, Suchi, Using Self-View Television to Distinguish between Self-Examination and
Social Behavior in the Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) Consciousness and Cognition, Volume 4,
Number 2, pp. 205-224, Academic Press, June 1995. & http://planethawaii.com/earthtrust/delart.html, or Dr.
Ken Marten e-mail: porpoise@lava.net
McIntyre, Joan, Mind in the Waters, Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1974.
Montagu, A. & Lilly, J. C., The Dolphin in History, Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1963.
Nathanson, D.E. 1998. Long term effectiveness of dolphin assisted therapy for children with severe
disabilities. Anthrozoos 11(1):22-32.
_______________, de Castro, D., Friend, H., & McMahon. M. 1997. Effectiveness of short-term dolphin
assisted therapy for children with severe disabilities. Anthrozoos. 10(2/3):90-100.
_______________, & de Faria, S. 1993. Cognitive improvement of children in water with and without
dolphins. Anthrozoos 6(1):17-29.
_______________,1989, Using Atlantic bottlenose dolphins to increase cognition of mentally retarded
children. In Clinical and Abnormal Psychology, 233-242, ed. P. Lovibond and P. Wilson. North Holland:
Elsevier.
_______________,1980. Dolphins and Kids: A communication experiment. Congress proceedings of the XVI
World Assembly of the World Organization for Preschool Education, pp. 447-51.
NBC, The Other Side, television program aired February 1988.
Raushcher, Elizabeth & Targ, Russell, The Speed of Thought: An investigation of a Complex Pace-time
Metric to Describe Psychic Phenomena, Bay Research Institute, 1010 Harriet St., Palo Alto, Ca., 94301, 2003.
Smith, Cyril & Best, Simon, Electromagnetic Man: Health and Hazard in the Electrical Environment,
Palgrave Macmillan, 1989. And see: http://www.em-hazard-therapy.com/
Igor Smirnov, See: www.elixer-health.com/mret/mret_mretr.htm
St. John, Patricia. The Secret Language of Dolphins, New York Summit Books, 1991.
32
Michael T. Hyson & Paradise (Star) Newland ~ Dolphins, Therapy & Autism ~ December 3, 2003
Taylor, Scott, personal communication, and Cetacean Studies Institute (http://www.dolphintale.com/, Email:
dolphin@dolphintale.com)
Suslick, K. S.; Didenko, Y.; Fang, M. M.; Hyeon, T.; Kolbeck, K. J.; McNamara, W. B. III; Mdleleni, M. M.;
Wong, M., Acoustic Cavitation and Its Chemical Consequences, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London A, 1999, 357,
335-353.Appendix I. Bernard Rimland on Autism
The Autism Epidemic Is Real, and Excessive Vaccinations Are the Cause
Statement by Bernard Rimland, Ph.D.
July 14, 2003
The vaccine manufacturers, the Center for Disease Control, the FDA, and the various
medical associations have failed miserably in their duty to protect our children. Rather than
acknowledge their role in creating the immense, catastrophic rise in autism, these
organizations have resorted to denial and obfuscation. They stand to lose their credibility,
and billions of dollars in liability suits will soon reach the courts.
As a full-time professional research scientist for 50 years, and as a researcher in the
field of autism for 45 years, I have been shocked and chagrined by the medical
establishment’s ongoing efforts to trivialize the solid and compelling evidence that faulty
vaccination policies are the root cause of the epidemic. There are many consistent lines of
evidence implicating vaccines, and no even marginally plausible alternative hypotheses.
As the number of childhood vaccines has increased 700%, from 3 in the ‘70s to 22 in
2000, the prevalence of autism has also showed a parallel increase of 700%.
Late onset autism, (starting in the 2nd year), was almost unheard of in the ‘50s, ‘60s,
and ‘70s; today such cases outnumber early onset cases 5 to 1, the increase paralleling the
increase in required vaccines.·
Thousands of parents report – and demonstrate with home videos -- that their children
were normal and responsive until suffering an adverse vaccine reaction. (The Autism
Research Institute has been tracking such autism-related vaccination reactions since 1967.)
Mercury, one of the most toxic substances known, is used as a preservative in many
vaccines. Some infants have had 125 times the maximum allowable limit of mercury injected
directly into their bloodstreams, in one day, in vaccines. (People vary enormously in their
sensitivity to mercury, because certain genes predispose to mercury sensitivity. The highlytouted New England Journal of Medicine Danish study failed to mention the very convenient
fact that none of the Danish children had prior exposure to mercury, since Denmark, unlike
the U.S. had, banned mercury from childhood vaccines in 1992, the year before the birth year
of the children in the study.)
There are numerous scientific studies showing large differences in clinical laboratory
measures of blood, urine and biopsies which compare autistic children with normal controls.
Such findings, pointing directly to vaccines as the cause of the group differences, are
conveniently overlooked by those attempting to conceal the strong connection between the
autism epidemic and excessive use of unsafe vaccines.
The truth must – and will – emerge. It is long overdue.
33
Michael T. Hyson & Paradise (Star) Newland ~ Dolphins, Therapy & Autism ~ December 3, 2003
Bernard Rimland, Ph.D.
Director, Autism Research Institute
Editor, Autism Research Review International
Founder, Autism Society of America
The Autism Increase: Research Needed on the Vaccine Connection
Testimony of Bernard Rimland, Ph.D. Before
House Committee on Government Reform
April 6, 2000
My name is Bernard Rimland. I am a research psychologist (Ph.D.) and am Director
of the Autism Research Institute, which I founded in 1967. I am also the founder of the
Autism Society of America (1965), and the editor of the Autism Research Review
International. My book, Infantile Autism: The Syndrome and Its Implication for a Neural
Theory of Behavior (1964) is widely credited with changing the field of psychiatry from its
claim that autism is an emotional illness, caused by destructive mothers, to its current
recognition that autism is a biological disorder. I have lectured on autism and related
problems throughout the world, and am author of numerous publications. I served as primary
technical advisor on autism for the film Rain Man.
My son Mark was born in 1956. It was obvious from birth that this perfectly normallooking infant had something drastically wrong with him. I had earned my Ph.D in
experimental psychology 3 years earlier and had never encountered the word autism. Our
pediatrician, with 35 years of experience, had never heard of autism either. Autism was
extremely rare then – it is extremely common now.
Some supposed experts will tell you that the increase reflects only greater awareness.
That is nonsense. Any pediatrician, teacher or school official with 20 or more years
experience will confirm what the studies tell us: there is a real increase in autism and the
numbers are huge and growing. The epidemic is serious and worldwide.
Soon after my textbook on autism was published in 1964, I began to hear from other
parents. Many parents told me that their children were normal until getting a triple vaccine –
the DPT shot. In 1965 I began systematically collecting data on the symptoms and possible
causes of autism: In 1967—33 years ago—I began querying the parents, specifically about
the child’s response to the DPT shot. Many had reported marked deterioration.
During the past few years the Autism Research Institute has been flooded with an
upsurge in pleas for help from parents throughout the world – from wherever the World
Health Organization vaccine guidelines are followed. The majority of these parents say their
children were normal until getting the MMR – another triple vaccine. Let me dispel several
myths promoted by those who deny the autism-vaccine connection:
1. They claim the vaccines are safe, but physicians are indoctrinated to disbelieve
claims of harm and are not trained to recognize nor required to report any adverse reactions.
From 90% to 99% of the adverse reactions reported to doctors are never reported by those
doctors to the government’s extremely lax Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System, known
as the VAERS.
34
Michael T. Hyson & Paradise (Star) Newland ~ Dolphins, Therapy & Autism ~ December 3, 2003
2. They say that the suspected linkage between the MMR vaccination and autism has
been disproved by a study conducted by Brent Taylor and his colleagues in London, and
published last year in The Lancet.
The Taylor study is seriously flawed in many ways, as had been noted in a number of
letters to the editor of The Lancet and in a number of additional letters on the subject which
have been posted on the internet. It was subject to strong attack at a recent meeting of the
British Statistical Society. I have been a full-time researcher my entire professional life, for
almost 50 years, and I respectfully asked Dr. Taylor for a copy of the data so that I could
reanalyze them. He refused this ordinary professional courtesy, and I have subsequently
written to the editor of The Lancet requesting that an impartial committee be asked to
reexamine Dr. Taylor’s statistical methods. If he refuses again, I urged The Lancet to retract
his paper.
3. They say that autism has a large genetic component, and therefore vaccines must
play a minimal, if any, role in the causation of autism. My book Infantile Autism, published
in 1964, was the first systematic attempt to marshal the evidence for genetics as a
contributing cause of autism, so I am certainly not hostile to that idea. However, genes do not
begin to account for the huge increase in the incidence of autism, ranging from 250% to
500% in various places.
I might add that we have just reviewed all of the recent genetic studies for the next
issue of the Autism Research Review International, which I edit. The results are
spectacularly inconsistent. The best guess is that there are at least 20 different genes involved
in the causation of autism. Gene therapy is decades off, and may be infeasible.
4. They claim that autism naturally occurs at about 18 months, when the MMR is
routinely given, so the association is merely coincidental and not causal. But the onset of
autism at 18 months is a recent development. Autism starting at 18 months rose very sharply
in the mid-1980s, when the MMR vaccine came into wide use. A coincidence? Hardly! See
the graph below.
Autism is not the only severe chronic illness which has reached epidemic proportions
as the number of (profitable) vaccines has rapidly increased. Children now receive 33
vaccines before they enter school – a huge increase. The vaccines contain not only live
viruses but also very significant amounts of highly toxic substances such as mercury,
aluminum and formaldehyde. Could this be the reason for the upsurge in autism, ADHD,
asthma, arthritis, Crohn’s disease, lupus and other chronic disorders?
As a parent and as a full-time professional researcher, I am bitterly disappointed with
the medical establishment’s dismal record with regard to autism over the past 60 years. The
medical schools, as well as the governmental agencies, have consistently supported
outmoded, unproven and even disproven theories from the very beginning, and have actively
opposed the most promising approaches for the treatment of autism. They supported the
psychoanalytically based theories which held the mother responsible for causing autism
through her supposedly hostile attitude toward the child. They opposed the use of behavior
modification, the most uniformly beneficial treatment for autism, by claiming that it
neglected the deep-seated emotional blocks that were supposedly at the root of autism. They
have ignored, and continue to ignore, the long series of studies conducted both in the U. S.
and Europe showing that the elimination of foods containing gluten and casein from the diet
brings about marked improvement in many autistic children. They have consistently ignored
35
Michael T. Hyson & Paradise (Star) Newland ~ Dolphins, Therapy & Autism ~ December 3, 2003
the series of 18 consecutive studies, conducted by researchers in 6 countries, which showed
that almost half of all autistic children and adults respond favorably to high doses of vitamin
B6 and magnesium, with no adverse effects. Eleven of these studies were double-blind
placebo-crossover experiments. There is no drug that comes close to B6/magnesium in terms
of safety, efficacy and positive research findings.
Tens of millions of dollars have been spent on non-productive lines of research, while
virtually no money at all has been given to research on the methods of alternative medicine,
which are far more promising in terms of both safety and efficacy.
The most interesting questions are not being asked: Why does the majority of the
population survive such epidemics as autism, the bubonic plague, Legionnaires’ disease,
polio and AIDS, while relatively few succumb?
The answer is that the survivors have a healthy, effective immune system. Would
enhancing the immune system decrease the likelihood of adverse reactions to vaccines
(including the anthrax vaccine – DOD please note!)? Very probably.
It is well known that the immune system must be adequately supplied with many
nutrients if it is to function properly, including especially vitamins A, C, E, B6 and a number
of minerals, including zinc, magnesium, and selenium. Nutritional levels of these substances
are not only harmless, they are essential to good health. Since people do not change their
diets readily, I believe that foods should be fortified with these nutrients – especially foods
that will be consumed by infants and children. Research along these lines – as well as on the
safety of the vaccines – is desperately needed.
As a parent and a researcher, I believe there should be a marked redirection of effort and
funding, along the lines suggested above. Appendix II. A Successful Treatment of
Autism
By Karyn Seroussi
Copyright © 2000 Karyn Seroussi
When the doctors said our son would be severely disabled for life, we set out to prove
them wrong.
When the psychologist examining our 18-month-old son told me that she thought
Miles had autism, my heart began to pound. I didn't know exactly what the word meant, but I
knew it was bad. Wasn't autism some type of mental illness -- perhaps juvenile
schizophrenia? Even worse, I vaguely remembered hearing that this disorder was caused by
emotional trauma during childhood. In an instant, every illusion of safety in my world
seemed to vanish.
Our pediatrician had referred us to the psychologist in August 1995 because Miles
didn't seem to understand anything we said. He'd developed perfectly normally until he was
15 months old, but then he stopped saying the words he'd learned -- cow, cat, dance -- and
started disappearing into himself. We figured his chronic ear infections were responsible for
his silence, but within three months, he was truly in his own world.
36
Michael T. Hyson & Paradise (Star) Newland ~ Dolphins, Therapy & Autism ~ December 3, 2003
Suddenly, our happy little boy hardly seemed to recognize us or his 3-year-old sister.
Miles wouldn't make eye contact or even try to communicate by pointing or gesturing. His
behavior became increasingly strange: He'd drag his head across the floor, walk on his toes
(very common in autistic children), make odd gurgling sounds, and spend long periods of
time repeating an action, such as opening and closing doors or filling and emptying a cup of
sand in the sandbox. He often screamed inconsolably, refusing to be held or comforted. And
he developed chronic diarrhea.
As I later learned, autism -- or autistic spectrum disorder, as doctors now call it -- is
not a mental illness. It is a developmental disability thought to be caused by an anomaly in
the brain. The National Institutes of Health estimates that as many as 1 in 500 children are
affected. But according to several recent studies, the incidence is rapidly rising: In Florida,
for example, the number of autistic children has increased nearly 600 percent in the last ten
years. Nevertheless, even though it is more common than Down syndrome, autism remains
one of the least understood developmental disorders.
We were told that Miles would almost definitely grow up to be severely impaired. He
would never be able to make friends, have a meaningful conversation, learn in a regular
classroom without special help, or live independently. We could only hope that with
behavioral therapy, we might be able to teach him some of the social skills he'd never grasp
on his own.
I had always thought that the worst thing that could happen to anyone was to lose a
child. Now it was happening to me but in a perverse, inexplicable way. Instead of
condolences, I got uncomfortable glances, inappropriately cheerful reassurances, and the
sense that some of my friends didn't want to return my calls.
After Miles' initial diagnosis, I spent hours in the library, searching for the reason he'd
changed so dramatically. Then I came across a book that mentioned an autistic child whose
mother believed that his symptoms had been caused by a "cerebral allergy" to milk. I'd never
heard of this, but the thought lingered in my mind because Miles drank an inordinate amount
of milk -- at least half a gallon a day.
I also remembered that a few months earlier, my mother had read that many kids with
chronic ear infections are allergic to milk and wheat. "You should take Miles off those foods
and see if his ears clear up," she said. "Milk, cheese, pasta, and Cheerios are the only foods
he'll eat," I insisted. "If I took them away, he'd starve."
Then I realized that Miles' ear infections had begun when he was 11 months old, just
after we had switched him from soy formula to cow's milk. He'd been on soy formula
because my family was prone to allergies, and I'd read that soy might be better for him. I had
breast-fed until he was 3 months old, but he didn't tolerate breast milk very well -- possibly
because I was drinking lots of milk. There was nothing to lose, so I decided to eliminate all
the dairy products from his diet.What happened next was nothing short of miraculous. Miles
stopped screaming, he didn't spend as much time repeating actions, and by the end of the first
week, he pulled on my hand when he wanted to go downstairs. For the first time in months,
he let his sister hold his hands to sing "Ring Around a Rosy."
37
Michael T. Hyson & Paradise (Star) Newland ~ Dolphins, Therapy & Autism ~ December 3, 2003
Two weeks later, a month after we'd seen the psychologist, my husband and I kept
our appointment with a well-known developmental pediatrician to confirm the diagnosis of
autism. Dr. Susan Hyman gave Miles a variety of tests and asked a lot of questions. We
described the changes in his behavior since he'd stopped eating dairy products. Finally, Dr.
Hyman looked at us sadly. "I'm sorry," the specialist said. "Your son is autistic. I admit the
milk allergy issue is interesting, but I just don't think it could be responsible for Miles' autism
or his recent improvement."
We were terribly disheartened, but as each day passed, Miles continued to get better.
A week later, when I pulled him up to sit on my lap, we made eye contact and he smiled. I
started to cry -- at last he seemed to know who I was. He had been oblivious to his sister, but
now he watched her play and even got angry when she took things away from him. Miles
slept more soundly, but his diarrhea persisted. Although he wasn't even 2 yet, we put him in a
special-ed nursery school three mornings a week and started an intensive one-on-one
behavioral and language program that Dr. Hyman approved of.
I'm a natural skeptic and my husband is a research scientist, so we decided to test the
hypothesis that milk affected Miles' behavior. We gave him a couple of glasses one morning,
and by the end of the day, he was walking on his toes, dragging his forehead across the floor,
making strange sounds, and exhibiting the other bizarre behaviors we had almost forgotten.
A few weeks later, the behaviors briefly returned, and we found out that Miles had eaten
some cheese at nursery school. We became completely convinced that dairy products were
somehow related to his autism.
I wanted Dr. Hyman to see how well Miles was doing, so I sent her a video of him
playing with his father and sister. She called right away. "I'm simply floored," she told me.
"Miles has improved remarkably. Karyn, if I hadn't diagnosed him myself, I wouldn't have
believed that he was the same child."
I had to find out whether other kids had had similar experiences. I bought a modem
for my -- not standard in 1995 -- and discovered an autism support group on the Internet. A
bit embarrassed, I asked, "Could my child's autism be related to milk?"
The response was overwhelming. Where had I been? Didn't I know about Karl
Reichelt in Norway? Didn't I know about Paul Shattock in England? These researchers had
preliminary evidence to validate what parents had been reporting for almost 20 years: Dairy
products exacerbated the symptoms of autism.
My husband, who has a Ph.D. in chemistry, got copies of the journal articles that the
parents had mentioned on-line and went through them all carefully. As he explained it to me,
it was theorized that a subtype of children with autism break down milk protein (casein) into
peptides that affect the brain in the same way that hallucinogenic drugs do. A handful of
scientists, some of whom were parents of kids with autism, had discovered compounds
containing opiates -- a class of substances including opium and heroin -- in the urine of
autistic children. The researchers theorized that either these children were missing an enzyme
that normally breaks down the peptides into a digestible form, or the peptides were somehow
leaking into the bloodstream before they could be digested.
38
Michael T. Hyson & Paradise (Star) Newland ~ Dolphins, Therapy & Autism ~ December 3, 2003
In a burst of excitement, I realized how much sense this made. It explained why Miles
developed normally for his first year, when he drank only soy formula. It would also explain
why he had later craved milk: Opiates are highly addictive. What's more, the odd behavior of
autistic children has often been compared to that of someone hallucinating on LSD.
My husband also told me that the other type of protein being broken down into a toxic form
was gluten -- found in wheat, oats, rye, and barley, and commonly added to thousands of
packaged foods. The theory would have sounded farfetched to my scientific husband if he
hadn't seen the dramatic changes in Miles himself and remembered how Miles had selflimited his diet to foods containing wheat and dairy. As far as I was concerned, there was no
question that the gluten in his diet would have to go. Busy as I was, I would learn to cook
gluten-free meals. People with celiac disease are also gluten-intolerant, and I spent hours online gathering information.
Within 48 hours of being gluten-free, 22-month-old Miles had his first solid stool,
and his balance and coordination noticeably improved. A month or two later, he started
speaking -- "zawaff" for giraffe, for example, and "ayashoo" for elephant. He still didn't call
me Mommy, but he had a special smile for me when I picked him up from nursery school.
However, Miles' local doctors -- his pediatrician, neurologist, geneticist, and
gastroenterologist -- still scoffed at the connection between autism and diet. Even though
dietary intervention was a safe, noninvasive approach to treating autism, until large
controlled studies could prove that it worked, most of the medical community would have
nothing to do with it.
So my husband and I decided to become experts ourselves. We began attending
autism conferences and phoning and e-mailing the European researchers. I also organized a
support group for other parents of autistic children in my community. Although some parents
weren't interested in exploring dietary intervention at first, they often changed their mind
after they met Miles. Not every child with autism responded to the diet, but eventually there
were about 50 local families whose children were gluten- and casein-free with exciting
results. And judging by the number of people on Internet support lists, there were thousands
of children around the world responding well to this diet.
Fortunately, we found a new local pediatrician who was very supportive, and Miles
was doing so well that I nearly sprang out of bed each morning to see the changes in him.
One day, when Miles was 2 1/2, he held up a toy dinosaur for me to see. "Wook, Mommy,
issa Tywannosauwus Wex!" Astonished, I held out my trembling hands. "You called me
Mommy!" I said. He smiled and gave me a long hug.
By the time Miles turned 3, all his doctors agreed that his autism had been completely
cured. He tested at eight months above his age level in social, language, self-help, and motor
skills, and he entered a regular preschool with no special-ed supports. His teacher told me
that he was one of the most delightful, verbal, participatory children in the class. Today, at
almost 6, Miles is among the most popular children in his first-grade class. He's reading at a
fourth-grade level, has good friends, and recently acted out his part in the class play with
flair. He is deeply attached to his older sister, and they spend hours engaged in the type of
imaginative play that is never seen in kids with autism.
My worst fears were never realized. We are terribly lucky.
39
Michael T. Hyson & Paradise (Star) Newland ~ Dolphins, Therapy & Autism ~ December 3, 2003
But I imagined all the other parents who might not be fortunate enough to learn about
the diet. So in 1997, I started a newsletter and international support organization called
Autism Network for Dietary Intervention (ANDI), along with another parent, Lisa Lewis,
author of Special Diets for Special Kids (Future Horizons, 1998). We've gotten hundreds of
letters and e-mails from parents worldwide whose kids use the diet successfully. Although
it's best to have professional guidance when implementing the diet, sadly, most doctors are
still skeptical.
As I continue to study the emerging research, it has become increasingly clear to me
that autism is a disorder related to the immune system. Most autistic children I know have
several food allergies in addition to milk and wheat, and nearly all the parents in our group
have or had at least one immune-related problem: thyroid disease, Crohn's disease, celiac
disease, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, or allergies. Autistic
children are probably genetically predisposed to immune-system abnormalities, but what
triggers the actual disease?
Many of the parents swore that their child's autistic behavior began at 15 months,
shortly after the child received the MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine. When I
examined such evidence as photos and videotapes to see exactly when Miles started to lose
his language and social skills, I had to admit that it had coincided with his MMR -- after
which he had gone to the emergency room with a temperature of 106°F and febrile seizures.
Recently, a small study was published by British researcher Andrew Wakefield, M.D.,
linking the measles portion of the vaccine to damage in the small intestine -- which might
help explain the mechanism by which the hallucinogenic peptides leak into the bloodstream.
If the MMR vaccine is indeed found to play a role in triggering autism, we must find out
whether some children are at higher risk and therefore should not be vaccinated or should be
vaccinated at a later age.
Another new development is giving us hope: Researchers at Johnson and Johnson's
Ortho Clinical Diagnostics division -- my husband among them -- are now studying the
abnormal presence of peptides in the urine of autistic children. My hope is that eventually a
routine diagnostic test will be developed to identify children with autism at a young age and
that when some types of autism are recognized as a metabolic disorder, the gluten and dairyfree diet will move from the realm of alternative medicine into the mainstream.
The word autism, which once meant so little to me, has changed my life profoundly.
It came to my house like a monstrous, uninvited guest but eventually brought its own gifts.
I've felt twice blessed -- once by the amazing good fortune of reclaiming my child and again
by being able to help other autistic children who had been written off by their doctors and
mourned by their parents.Appendix III. Dolphin Therapy Locations and
Organizations
Some of the Facilities or locations used for DAT and known to exist
Note: Some programs are run in non-managed situations, using free Dolphins. Other programs
provide access to dolphins by arrangement with other facilities.
40
Michael T. Hyson & Paradise (Star) Newland ~ Dolphins, Therapy & Autism ~ December 3, 2003
Florida
Dolphin Research Center
Theater of the Sea
http://www.gulfarium.com/jfdolphin.htm
Water Planet
Tel: (850) 230-6030
Phone Toll Free: (866) 449-5591
E-Mail: info@waterplanetusa.com
5605 Sunset Ave. Unit B
Panama City Beach, FL 32408
http://www.waterplanetusa.com/programneeds.htm
Mexico
Mexico City (Delphinarium)
Bahamas
Grand Bahama (UNEXO)
Bimini (Spirit of the Dolphin and Dolphin Swim)
Israel
Eilat (Dolphin Reef Eilat)
Article on Eilat and therapy with an autistic child http://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa/go.asp?MFAH0drd0
Russia
Ukraine, on the Black Sea (Kazachya Bay Naval Base)
Hawaii
Big Island (Dolphin Connection)
Maui (POD Centre)
Australia
Sydney/Port Stephens (Dolphin Within)
Bunbury, WA. (Dolphin Discovery Centre)
Perth (UnderWater World)
Southport, Qld. (Sea World)
Coff's Harbour (Porpoise Pool)
Cooperating Organizations:
AquaThought, Miami, Florida
Dolphin Discovery: Fundacion Brewer, Mexico
Dolphin Connection, Hawaii
41
Michael T. Hyson & Paradise (Star) Newland ~ Dolphins, Therapy & Autism ~ December 3, 2003
The Dolphin Society, Australia
The Dancing Dolphin Institute, Hawaii
Dolphin Reef Eilat, Israel
UNEXSO, Grand Bahamas
Upledger Institute, Florida
Dolphin Research Center, Grassy Key, Florida
Theater of the Sea, Little Duck Key, Florida
Dolphin Human Therapy
Others
Dr. Horace Dobbs, M.D.
http://www.idw.org/html/home.html
Dr. David Nathanson, Ph.D.
http://www.dolphinhumantherapy.com/Welcome/WelcomePage.htm
Dolphin's Plus (Island Dolphin Care, Inc.), Key Largo, Florida;
http://www.linknet.com.au/dolphin/DAT2.html
Clearwater Aquarium, Clearwater, Florida
Interspecies Technologies, Melbourne, Australia
Xcaret and Xel-Ha (Via Delphi), Cancun, Mexico
Delphinarium, Mexico City
Dolphins Down Under, Suffolk Park, Australia
Dolphin Human Therapy
13615 South Dixie Highway, #523
Miami, FL 33176-7252
(305) 378-8670
Fax: (305) 233-6383
Contact: David Nathanson, Ph.D.
Program consists of a 40 minute session each day Monday through Friday, for two weeks, at a cost of
$6,200.
JF Dolphin Project
1010 Miracle Strip Parkway, SE
Ft. Walton Beach, FL 32548
(800) 247-8575 & (850) 243-9046
42
Michael T. Hyson & Paradise (Star) Newland ~ Dolphins, Therapy & Autism ~ December 3, 2003
Contact:
Janet Flowers, CCC-SLP, Ed.S.
Project Manager/Therapist
(850) 217-0099 for program costs
E-mail: jfdolphinproject@gulfarium.com
The JF Dolphin Project at Florida's Gulfarium is a one to two week therapy program for children with
academic, communication, and/or physical therapy needs. It is a research based and cost efficient
program designed to enhance traditional therapies. The JF Dolphin Project combines the expertise of
State of Florida licensed therapists/teachers and the Gulfarium's experienced dolphin interaction
trainers.
Island Dolphin Care, Inc.
31 Corrine Place Key Largo
Key Largo, FL 33037
1 (800) 326-1618 or (305) 451-5884
Fax: (305) 453-5399
E-mail: Fonzie@IslandDolphinCare.org
A non-profit organization developed to help children and their families who are dealing with various
developmental, physical, and/or emotional difficulties.
Appendix IV. BERKSHIRE LABS TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW
http://www.bkllabs.com/overview.htm
I. BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO BERKSHIRE LABS' TECHNOLOGIES
The Berkshire discoveries are based on a unique and fundamental understanding of
the true relationship between energy and matter. Although matter can feel solid to one's
touch, it is really just configured energy fields. The energy fields of different types of matter
produce different and unique energy signatures which can be measured by many standard
spectroscopic techniques. Aspects of these signatures can in turn be used to influence and
control the different types of matter. This new perspective provides a unifying framework for
existing physics, chemistry, and biology, as well as a conceptual platform for further
innovations in the use of these well-established sciences. The implications for this new
framework and understanding affect fields as distant from each other as agriculture,
computers, chemical processes, electronics and medicine.
Matter energy signatures are composed of many different kinds of energies such as
electromagnetic (EM) waves, acoustic waves, electric fields, and magnetic fields. These
energies exist in a continuous and interconnected framework from the largest structural levels
down to the smallest molecular and atomic levels. The fundamental factor linking all these
levels within the framework of matter energy signatures is frequency, from the 16 Hz brain
wave frequency of an awake person to the 2.4 X 1015 Hz frequency of a hydrogen atom in
that person.
Because of this energy framework, matter converts or transduces different kinds of
energies when the frequencies of the matter and energy match. Matching of frequencies is
called resonance. When energy is resonant with matter, the energy transfers to and
accumulates in the matter very efficiently. A well-known demonstration of the selective
43
Michael T. Hyson & Paradise (Star) Newland ~ Dolphins, Therapy & Autism ~ December 3, 2003
power of resonance is the shattering of a glass by Ella Fitzgerald's voice. Scientists "know"
why this works, as is also true of the science behind the Tacoma Narrows Bridge collapse.
Far fewer have considered how this fundamental phenomenon of nature can be put to work in
the continuous energy framework of matter. The Berkshire advances make use of the highly
efficient transfer of energy at resonant frequencies, even in seemingly complex systems.
The Berkshire discoveries go further however, in making other, not quite so obvious,
connections. Consider chemical reactions and physical catalysts. Generally speaking,
catalysts speed up the rate of chemical reactions. Physical catalysts are composed of matter
(configured energy) and thus absorb, transduce and emit unique energy signatures and
frequencies. Berkshire has discovered that the energy patterns of physical catalysts
resonantly transfer matching energies to other chemical species, thereby controlling chemical
transformations and reaction pathways. For example, Berkshire has shown that when
hydrogen and oxygen gases react over a platinum catalyst to form water, the physical
platinum catalyst resonates with and transfers matching energy to the H and OHintermediates, which in turn initiate a chain reaction from their more highly energized
electronic states. The true role which physical catalysts play in chemical reactions is to
energize other chemical species by the resonant transfer of matching energy. This energy can
be used with, or in place of, physical catalysts. Because a catalyst's energy frequencies and
signature are measured by spectroscopy, Berkshire calls a catalytic energy pattern a "spectral
catalyst". A spectral catalyst is an energy pattern that catalyzes a reaction, such as the
electronic energy frequencies of platinum in the water formation example discussed above.
Many other factors besides physical catalysts affect the transformations and states of
matter - environmental factors such as temperature, pressure, solvents, concentration,
poisons, dopants, electric fields, and magnetic fields, to name a few. Science has studied
these factors empirically for more than two centuries, without understanding the underlying
mechanism shared by all these factors. Each of these empirically discovered factors have
something in common - they each affect the signatures and frequencies of energy absorbed,
transduced, and emitted by the matter. In so doing, those empirical factors alter the nature of
matter's resonant transfer of energy. Thus all the above environmental factors share a
common underlying mechanism, namely, they affect the transformations and states of matter
by affecting the energy frequencies selectively absorbed, transduced, and emitted by that
matter.
II. APPLICATION AREAS
A. Chemicals - Chemical Reactions and Transformations
Berkshire has numerous patent applications issued and pending relating to spectral
techniques for selectively affecting chemical reactions and transformations in all manner of
chemical systems and states of matter, including solid, liquid, gas, and plasma states. These
elegantly simple techniques make selective use of the entire electromagnetic spectrum, the
entire acoustic spectrum, electric fields, magnetic fields, and matter itself. The Berkshire
technology transforms these previously empirical factors into straight forward and calculable
adjuncts to existing chemical and materials sciences.
44
Michael T. Hyson & Paradise (Star) Newland ~ Dolphins, Therapy & Autism ~ December 3, 2003
B. Crystallization - Materials and States of Matter
Berkshire innovations include a unifying framework of energy techniques for
selectively modifying crystal nucleation, growth rate, morphology, size, shape, composition,
structure, and properties. Berkshire has conducted experiments in-house and with the
Materials Research Laboratory at Penn State which conclusively show that crystal growth is
affected by applying Berkshire's spectral chemistry techniques. For example, Berkshire has
demonstrated the spectral growth of crystals from unsaturated solutions (thought to be
impossible), increased crystal growth rates up to 1,800 times greater than normal, selective
inhibition of crystal growth (e.g. contaminants), and protein crystal growth equivalent to that
achieved in the low gravity environment of the space station.
C. Acousto-EM
Berkshire has recognized that the same energy with which Ella Fitzgerald can shatter
a glass can also be used to help living things grow and function better. For example,
Berkshire experiments have shown that acousto-EM energy can increase growth rates in both
plants and fish. Other applications areas include new types of spectroscopy, new medical or
anti-terrorism diagnostics, and selective eradication of micro-organisms such as viruses and
nuisance organisms such as barnacles. The first of several broad acousto-EM patents is
issuing to Berkshire for the enhancement of plants and aquatic species using acousto-EM
energy.
D. Computers - Storage/Memory Devices and Data Processing
The magnetic data storage innovations described by Berkshire make use of the
fundamental frequency and resonance relationship between matter and energy. These varying
frequencies are found throughout the electro-magnetic spectrum and can be selectively
detected and measured. The Berkshire magnetic data storage discovery uses discrete
strengths of stored magnetic fields to produce different and discrete frequencies in matter.
The frequencies are then assigned different digital values, such as "0", "1", "2", and "3", as in
a quaternary software code. The Berkshire concepts go further however, and allow
significant innovations in analog systems. In this case, a continuum of varying strengths of
stored magnetic fields produce a varying continuum of frequencies in a medium. When this
continuum of frequencies is detected and measured, the frequencies correlate with various
analog data values.
E. Energy
The unique Berkshire technology includes spectral techniques which have been
shown experimentally to selectively affect batteries, fuel cells, hydrogen production,
conductivity, and superconductivity. Additionally, the chemical applications are directly
applicable to current fossil fuel and petroleum technologies.
III. SUMMARY
45
Michael T. Hyson & Paradise (Star) Newland ~ Dolphins, Therapy & Autism ~ December 3, 2003
The Berkshire technologies unite the fields of chemistry, physics, and biology into a
common framework. The new understandings provide far-reaching insights which have
allowed conceptual leaps and innovations, such as those discoveries described above.
Berkshire's continued exploration of the fundamental relationship between matter and energy
is producing a chain of unique discoveries, linked by an elegantly simple and unifying
framework.
For more information email
Mark Mortenson at Mortenson@bkllabs.com
46