MODULE 4 TRAVEL JOURNAL NOTES
04.01 Travel Journal
Objectives:
 Analyze the contributions of the ancient Phoenicians
 Interpret how Greece’s geography invites interaction with other regions and cultures
How was life in ancient Greece affected by geography?
Specific questions to answer:
1. What is a peninsula?
2. Based on paragraph #2, why could the Greeks not create large empires like the Egyptians and the Persians?
(what prevented them from doing so?)
What effect did trade have on the Minoan civilization?
Specific questions to answer:
1. Based on paragraph #2, who did the Minoans trade with and how far did they go?
2. How did trade help the Minoans?
3. Based on paragraph #3, what was a labyrinth and where did the Minoans get this idea from?
4. Where the Minoans monotheistic or polytheistic? What evidence can you provide from this lesson?
How did the geography of Greece limit and invite interaction with other civilizations?
Specific questions to answer:
1. Based on paragraph #2, why did the Greeks have to rely on sea trade? How did this affect their interaction with
other cultures?
2. Who defeated the Mycenaeans?
3. Based on the final paragraph of this page, what were the Greek Dark Ages?
What influence did the Phoenicians have on the Mediterranean Region?
Specific questions to answer:
1. Between what timeframe did the Phoenicians rule?
2. How did the Phoenicians live?
3. Personally, I consider the Phoenicians the “old-school” version of what we consider “UPS” and “Fedex” the
delivery companies. Based on paragraph #2 of this page, why were the Phoenicians the “delivery company” of
the ancient world?
MODULE 4 TRAVEL JOURNAL NOTES
04.02 Travel Journal
Objectives of this lesson:
1. Explain aspects of the democratic process as it was developed in ancient Athens
2. Trace the roots of the Americans political process to ancient Athens
3. Explain the relationship of citizens to the political process
What types of government were practiced in the Greek city-states?
Specific questions to answer:
1. What is a “poleis”?
2. Based on paragraph #1 in this page, how did distance affect the city-states of ancient Greece?
3. What is a monarchy?
4. What is a tyrant?
5. What is an oligarchy?
6. A democracy is said to be, “a government of the people and for the people.” What does that mean?
Who were some of the men who contributed to democracy in Athens?
Specific questions to answer:
1. Why did democracy form in the first place?
2. Who was Draco and how did he contribute to democracy?
3. Who was Solon and how did he contribute to democracy?
4. Who was Cleisthenes and how did he contribute to democracy?
5. Who was Pericles and how did he contribute to democracy?
MODULE 4 TRAVEL JOURNAL NOTES
-What are some aspects of Athenian government that influenced U.S. government?
Specific questions to answer:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
How does the “Archon” of ancient Greece relate to our government today?
How does the “Council of 500” from ancient Greece relate to our government today?
How does the “Assembly” from ancient Greece relate to our government today?
How do the “Law Courts” from ancient Greece relate to our government today?
In your own words, how would you describe a direct democracy?
MODULE 4 TRAVEL JOURNAL NOTES
04.03 Travel Journal
Objectives for this lesson:
 Describe the location and physical features of Athens and Sparta
 Explain the important characteristics and achievements of Athens and Sparta
 Explain how people lived differently in Athens and Sparta
 Describe how Athenians and Spartans interacted with other Greeks
-How was the geography of Sparta similar to the geography of Athens? How was it different?
Specific questions to answer:
1. In what region was Athens located?
2. In what region was Sparta located?
3. Based on paragraph #3 of this page, why could the people of Athens not raise enough crops to support
themselves? What did they have to end up doing?
4. What items did the people of Athens trade for?
5. Based on paragraph #4 of this page, why did the Spartans not have to rely on sea trade?
6. What is an acropolis?
7. What is an agora?
8. Did both Athens and Sparta have an acropolis?
-Who were the ancestors of the Athenians and Spartans?
Specific questions to answer:
1. Based on paragraph #2 of this page, who were the ancestors of the Athenians?
2. Based on paragraph #2 of this page, who were the ancestors of the Spartans?
3. Based on the “interactive slideshow” what were some of the Dorian contributions to art and architecture?
-How was life different for men, women, and children in Sparta compared to Athens?
Specific questions to answer:
1. Who were the only people considered citizens in Sparta?
2. Even though women in Sparta were not citizens, what freedoms did they have?
3. What was the fate of “unhealthy” children in Sparta?
4. What happened to boys in Sparta when they turned 7 years of age?
5. Why were girls provided physical training as well?
6. How was Athenians citizenship different compared to Sparta?
7. Did men in Athens have to become soldiers like in Sparta? Why or why not?
8. Did boys in Athens have to go to military training? Why or why not?
-What were some Spartan values?
Specific questions to answer:
1. Based on paragraph #1, what evidence can you provide to explain what the Spartans valued?
2. If you were a Spartan citizens, could you leave the city without permission?
3. What is a hoplite?
4. Why was the phalanx a great military tactic?
MODULE 4 TRAVEL JOURNAL NOTES
-What did Athenians value?
Specific questions to answer:
1. Based on paragraph #1, what were the most important things to the people of Athens?
2. Did all men have to join the military? Why or why not?
3. What is a “Golden Age?”
4. Based on the “interactive slideshow” what were some of the greatest structures built during the Golden Age of
Athens?
-What were the social classes in ancient Sparta?
Specific questions to answer:
1. Based on paragraph #1, why were the Spartans afraid of the non-citizen classes?
2. How would you describe the “freemen” of ancient Sparta?
3. What was life like for the “helots” of ancient Sparta?
-How did the social classes in Athens and Sparta compare to one another?
Specific questions to answer:
1. Read paragraphs 1-4 of this page and then compare how the social class of the Athenians was different from the
Spartans (review the question right above)
-How was the government of Sparta similar to the government of Athens? How was it different?
Specific questions to answer:
1. What is an oligarchy?
2. How had the oligarchy? (Sparta or Athens)
3. What kind of government did Athens have?
4. How is an oligarchy and a democracy different?
MODULE 4 TRAVEL JOURNAL NOTES
04.04 Travel Journal
Objectives for this lesson:
 Describe the causes of the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars
 Identify key figures who lived during this time
 Analyze how geography contributed to the fighting of the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars
Why did Darius I decide to invade the Greek peninsula? What was the outcome of this invasion?
Specific questions to answer:
1. Based on paragraph #1 of this page, what were the different reasons why the Persians wanted to conquer
Greece?
2. How long was the Persian war?
3. What was the first phase of the Persian War?
4. What role did “Themistocles” play in the Persian War?
5. Based on the battle of 490 BCE, why do we runs Marathons today?
Why did the different Greek communities form the Peloponnesian League?
Specific questions to answer:
1. Using the map on this page, why was it a good idea that the Spartans and the Athenians worked together
against Persia?
2. What did the “Battle of Thermopylae” prove to the people of Greece?
3. Who was Leonides?
4. Who was Xerxes?
Why did the Athenians consult Pythia before the Battle of Salamis?
Specific questions to answer:
1. How did Pythia help determine victory for the Greeks?
2. How were Greek ships helpful in this battle?
What factors led to the Peloponnesian War?
Specific questions to answer:
1. Based on paragraph #1, what did the Greeks realize about the Persian war? (did they or did they not have to
work together)
2. What was the agreement for the Delian League?
3. Based on paragraph #3, why did the Spartans want to fight the Athenians?
MODULE 4 TRAVEL JOURNAL NOTES
What factors led Sparta to win the Peloponnesian war?
Specific questions to answer:
1. Why did the Athenians not want to battle Sparta on land?
2. The Athenians general Pericles told the people of Athens to build a fortress wall around the city of Athens. Why
was this a bad idea for the people of Athens?
How do peace treaties ending wars affect the way people live after the fighting is over?
Specific questions to answer:
1. Based on using the “interactive image” what was the impact of the Peloponnesian war on the Greeks?
2. In what ways was the Peloponnesian War similar to the American civil war? (hint: Sparta was like the North,
while Athens was like the South)
MODULE 4 TRAVEL JOURNAL NOTES
04.05 Travel Journal
Objectives of this lesson:
 Summarize the key achievements and contributions of the Hellenistic Age
 Identify key figures of the Hellenistic Age
 Use maps to identify the characteristics of Greek civilization and the changing boundaries of the Greek
world
How did young Alexander gain leadership skills?
Specific questions to answer:
1. Who was Phillip II?
2. Why did the phalanx work?
3. What happened to Phillip II in 336 BCE?
Alexander was called "The Great." Do you think he deserved that title? Why or why not?
Specific questions to answer:
1. What message did Alexander send by destroying the city of Thebes?
2. What was the first region Alexander conquered?
3. At Gaugamela, who won this battle?
4. Even though his soldiers were tired, what was the main city Alexander wanted to conquer, why?
5. By 326 BCE, how far did Alexander go for his conquest?
What geographic obstacles did Alexander’s army face?
Specific questions to answer:
1. Based on the interactive map, what were the different geographical boundaries that Alexander and his army
faced? Why were these challenging?
How did the Greeks spread their culture throughout the former Persian Empire?
Specific questions to answer:
1. What was the Hellenistic Age?
2. What does Hellenistic stand for?
3. Read this excerpt to determine how Alexander spread Greek culture:
**Now that you have read the above excerpt, how did Alexander spread Greek culture?
MODULE 4 TRAVEL JOURNAL NOTES
What contributions did Archimedes, Euclid, Eratosthenes, and Aristarchus make in the Hellenistic Age?
Specific questions to answer:
1. What did Archimedes invent?
2. What area of math did Euclid help advance?
3. Eratosthenes was an astronomer. He was the first persons to discover what about earth?
4. Aristarchus was an astronomer. He was the first person to claim what about our planets and earth?
MODULE 4 TRAVEL JOURNAL NOTES
04.06 Travel Journal
Objectives of this lesson:
 Summarize the important ideas, achievements, and contributions of ancient Greek civilization
 Determine the impact of key figures from ancient Greece
Who were some of the Greek gods and goddesses? What myths do you know about them?
Specific questions to answer:
1. Were the Greeks monotheistic or polytheistic? How do you know?
2. What is a myth?
3. What is a deity?
4. Where was the home of the Greeks?
5. Who was Zeus? What was his power?
6. Who was Hera? What was her role among the gods?
7. Who was Prometheus and what was his power?
8. What was Apollo known for?
9. What was Artemis known form?
10. Who was Athena? What structure is dedicated to Athena?
11. What is Ares the god of?
-How did the Greeks honor their gods?
-Who were some famous Greek philosophers? What were their ideas?
Specific questions to answer:
1. Why was Socrates considered an enemy of Athens and forced to kill himself?
2. Who was Plato? Why did he not trust democracy?
3. Who did Aristotle say was the best person to rule?
-Who were some influential Greek writers? What are they remembered for?
Specific questions to answer:
1. What is the definition of literature?
2. Who was Homer and what did he do for Greek literature?
3. What is a “tragedy” in literature?
4. Who was Sophocles and what did he do for Greek literature?
5. What was a “comedy” in literature? Who was the famous Greek who wrote comedies?
6. Who was considered the “Father of History” and why?
7. Thucydides was another historian who tried to write history without a bias. Why is it important to write history
without bias?
MODULE 4 TRAVEL JOURNAL NOTES
-How did the Hippocratic Oath influence modern medical practices?
Specific questions to answer:
1. How does the Pythagorean Theorem help us today?
2. How did “Thales of Miletus” suggest the world worked?
3. Hippocrates was consider, “The father of medicine,” as stated in this page, but why? (select the interactive and
provide evidence of his oath in your answer)