Culture and Currents of Thought Study Guide
A. First occupants - around 1500
1. Spirituality
a. Current of thought associated with the spirituality of the first occupants. P
14
b. Spiritual/religious experts in first nations societies. P 15
c. Cultural practices associated with the spirituality of the first occupants. P
14 & 15
2. Relationship with nature
a. Describe p 11
b. Description of symbol that represents this relationship

Circle of life – symbolizes cycles of nature (eg changing seasons)
3. Communication and trade
a. Cultural practice that maintained peaceful relations between the different
aboriginal nations. P 13
B. French régime 1608-1760
1. Divine right of king
a. Define ‘absolutism’ p 28
b. Define ‘gallicanism’ p 29
c. Appointment of bishops in New France p 29
2. Catholicism
a. The highest authority in the Catholic Church p 29
b. The highest ranking church official in Quebec p 29
c. Two religious orders in New France p 21 & 22
d. Describe the influence of the church on the daily lives of les Canadiens p
24-27
e. Cultural expressions p 21- 27
3. Independent spirit and adaptability of the Canadiens
a. Identify examples of how les coureurs des bois adapted to life in New
France p19
b. Identify examples of how les habitants adapted to life in New France p 19
& 20
C. British rule 1760-1867
1. Imperialism – p 35
a. Definition
b. Cultural expressions
2. Liberalism
a. Definition – p 33
b. Historical context which lead to its emergence p 33-35
c. Key players that advocated liberalism p 33-35
d. Cultural expressions p 36 & 37
e. Rights and freedoms associated with liberalism – p33
f. Form of government associated with liberalism
 Democracy
3. Ultramontanism p 40-43
a. Definition
b. Historical context which lead to its emergence
c. Key players that advocated ultramontanism
d. Cultural expressions
4. Anticlericalism – p 45 & 46
a. Definition
b. Historical context which lead to its emergence
c. Key players that advocated anticlericalism
d. Cultural expressions
D. Contemporary period - 1867 to the present
1. Canadian Imperialism – p 59
a. Describe how Canadian imperialists viewed Canada’s relationship with
Britain
b. Name 2 wars Canadian imperialists believed Canada should participate in.
c. Cultural expressions
2. Capitalism – p 48, 49, 50, 53, 54, 55
a. Definition
b. Historical context which lead to its emergence
c. Key players advocating capitalist ideology
d. Cultural expressions
3. Feminism – p 51, 52 & 72
a. Definition
b. Historical context which lead to its emergence
c. Key players advocating feminism
d. Cultural expressions
4. Agriculturism – p 57
a. Definition
b. Historical context which lead to its emergence
c. Key players advocating agriculturalism
d. Cultural expressions
5. Cooperatism – p 61
a. Definition
b. Historical context which lead to its emergence
6. Socialism – p 62
a. Definition
b. Historical context which lead to its emergence
c. Key players advocating socialist ideology
d. Cultural expressions
7. Fascism – p 63
a. Definition
b. Historical context which lead to its emergence
c. Key players advocating fascism
d. Cultural expressions
8. Secularism – p 64 & 65
a. Definition
b. Historical context which lead to its emergence
c. Key players advocating secularism
d. Cultural expressions
9. Americanism – p 64
a. Definition
b. Historical context which lead to its emergence
c. Cultural expressions
10. Nationalism – p 38
a. Definition
11. French Canadian nationalism – p 58-61
a. Definition
b. Historical context which lead to its emergence
c. Key players advocating French Canadian nationalism
d. Cultural expressions
12. Québec nationalism – p 69 & 70
a. Definition
b. Historical context which lead to its emergence
c. Key players advocating Quebec nationalism
d. Cultural expressions
13. Canadian nationalism - p 70
a. Definition
b. Historical context which lead to its emergence
c. Key players advocating Canadian nationalism
d. Cultural expressions
14. Aboriginalism – p 71
a. Definition
b. Historical context which lead to its emergence
c. Key players advocating aboriginalism
d. Cultural expressions
15. Neoliberalism – p 73
a. Definition
b. Historical context which lead to its emergence
c. Movements that opposed neoliberalism
16. Cultural heritage
a. Definition – p 85
b. Diverse examples of Quebec’s cultural heritage from the past – p 85
c. Effects of globalization on national cultures – p 84
d. Measures taken by government to preserve Quebec’s cultural heritage – p
86